Glass
Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid material. Glasses are typically brittle, and
often optically transparent. Glass is commonly used for windows, bottles, and eyewear;
examples of glassy materials include soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, acrylic glass,
sugar glass, Muscovy-glass, and aluminium oxynitride.
Tempered glass
Toughened or tempered glass is glass that has been processed by controlled thermal or
chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempered glass
is made by processes which create balanced internal stresses which give the glass
strength. It will usually shatter into small fragments instead of sharp shards when broken,
making it less likely to cause severe injury and deep lacerations.
Flat glass / sheet glass
Flat glass, sheet glass, or plate glass is a type of glass, initially produced in plane form,
commonly used for windows, glass doors, transparent walls, and windshields. For
modern architectural and automotive applications, the flat glass is sometimes bent after
production of the plane sheet.
Wire glass
Sheet glass containing wire mesh embedded between the two faces to prevent shattering
in the event of breakage.
Metal
A metal is a chemical element that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat and
forms cat ions and ionic bonds with non-metals.
Cast iron
Cast iron usually refers to grey iron, but also identifies a large group of ferrous alloys,
which solidify with a eutectic. The color of a fractured surface can be used to identify an
alloy. White cast iron is named after its white surface when fractured, due to its carbide
impurities which allow cracks to pass straight through.
Stainless steel
In metallurgy stainless steel, also known as inox steel or inox from French "inoxydable",
is defined as a steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5 or 11% chromium content by mass.
Stainless steel does not stain, corrode, or rust as easily as ordinary steel, but it is not stain-
proof. It is also called corrosion-resistant steel or CRES when the alloy type and grade
are not detailed, particularly in the aviation industry.
Lead
Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal. It is also counted as one of the heavy metals.
Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a
dull grayish color when exposed to air. Lead has a shiny chrome-silver luster when it is
melted into a liquid.
Gold
It has been a highly sought-after precious metal for coinage, jewelry, and other arts since
the beginning of recorded history. The metal occurs as nuggets or grains in rocks, in
veins and in alluvial deposits. Gold is dense, soft, shiny and the most malleable and
ductile pure metal known. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally
considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water.
Silver
A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any
element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in
its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals
such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a by-product of copper,
gold, lead, and zinc refining.
Brass
Brass is any alloy of copper and zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to
create a range of brasses with varying properties. In comparison, bronze is principally an
alloy of copper and tin.
Wrought iron
Wrought iron is an iron alloy with very low carbon content, in comparison to steel, and
has fibrous inclusions, known as slag. This is what gives it a "grain" resembling wood,
which is visible when it is etched or bent to the point of failure. Wrought iron is tough,
malleable, ductile and easily welded.