Literature

Literature



LIS413 Brendan Rapple

Simmons College 19 July, 2005

Literature



 Imaginative works having some claim to artistic value, e.g.:

• poetry; legends and folk tales; drama; short

stories; novels.



 Certain non-fictional works of high artistic quality:

• Literary nonfiction may include almost any writing

except the strictly technical.



 Don‟t Forget Oral Literature!

Elements of Literature





 Content

 Form

Literary Forms

 Allegory  Satire

 Fiction  Dime Novel

 Ode  Lyric

 Ballad  Science Fiction

 History  Drama

 Parody  Masque

 Biography  Elegy

 Idyll  Miracle Play

 Poetry  Short Story

 Comedy  Epic

 Letters in Literature  Mystery Story

 Saga  Sonnet

 Diary  Essay

 Tragedy

What is English?



 Is English the language or does it pertain to the

country?

Fashions in Curricula and Teaching

Often Change Quite Drastically



“Not so long ago the „literature‟ profession was

organized almost everywhere around the close

reading of a stable, determinate set of

masterworks. While the faculties and curricula of

many college/university depts. continue to reflect

this older consensus and while traditional

scholarship, though clearly on the wane, continues

to be produced, it is increasingly evident that the

old paradigm has lost its importance” (Harris).

Curricular Changes



 “Many of the most publicized changes in higher education in the past

three decades have been curricular. Critics inside and outside

academe have wrung their hands over a variety of course

appearances, adjustments, and alleged "disappearings" (the dirty

work of "leftist" faculty hit squads). A major thrust of most of these

curricular reforms was to acknowledge the historical importance and

cultural contributions of groups, doers, and thinkers beyond the

limited cast or "canon" of Western white males featured in prevailing

texts and syllabi. This, in turn, led to the inclusion of women and other

"minorities," an emphasis on conflict and pluralism, a globalization of

the curriculum in general, a questioning of the canonical criteria of

"greatness," and a rise in cross- and interdisciplinary studies.

Simultaneously, an influx of "postmodernist" theory from France and

Germany threatened the humanities and social sciences by

overturning or seriously challenging virtually all of their traditional

("modernist") assumptions and intellectual procedures. All of these

changes posed a major threat to the status quo and induced no little

angst in the halls of ivy.”



 James Axtell. Virginia Quarterly Review (2003)

Now Traditional Literature Depts. Have Evolved

into Depts. of English Studies



 With courses and programs in

 literary theory

 rhetoric and composition

 technical writing

 creative writing

 cultural, TESOL, linguistics, children‟s and adolescen

literature

 language arts

 English education

 pedagogical theory.

Literary Criticism Now Less Eurocentric



“Literary criticism now investigates entire ranges of literary

production that do not share in Western culture. Critics treat the

writings of poets, playwrights, and novelists, from postcolonial

regions in the Pacific, Caribbean, and South Africa who use pidgin

forms of English and sometimes French to articulate their own

social realities and histories. They also give new attention to

writings and songs from „fourth-world‟ peoples, that is, from

minorities marginalized in ghettos within first-world cultures.”

English Studies/Literary Studies is turning

more and more into Cultural Studies

Criticism of Cultural Studies



 “The downside of the equation between cultural studies and

literary studies is that, carried to its logical conclusion, cultural

studies can dispense with the literary altogether. Studies of

consumerism, for example, can be based on the analysis of

shopping malls or Home Depot layouts; no literary texts are

required. Teen culture can be explored through music, film,

and computer games. Current social mores and cultural

constraints can be profitably studied by examining Internet

discourse. And so on. Everything, after all, can be a text and so

why not a golf course? A skating rink? A theme park?”





Marjorie Perloff. Crisis in the Humanities

Literature in Libraries

The exact proportions of the two types of material, i.e.

primary and secondary lit., are dependent both



-- on a particular library's perception of its needs



-- on its fiscal abilities to meet them

Differences in Collecting Between







Public Libraries



Academic and Research Libraries (here the acquisition of

literary scholarship, i.e. secondary material, is foremost)

Materials Commonly used by Literary

Scholars

 Books – scholarly and more popular

 Periodicals

 Conference Papers/Proceedings

 Dissertations/Theses

 Microforms

 Media

 Manuscripts

 Bibliographies

 Book reviews

 Encyclopedias

 Maps

Kinds of Texts



 Manuscripts: handwritten, typed, or word-processed texts that

precede printed, published texts -- often drafts.



 Original Editions: first and other eds. (in author‟s lifetime) whose form

of publication is authorized by author.



 Subsequent Editions: many types.



 Scholarly Editions: texts of works that have been determined by

editor(s) to have some degree of authority (based on manuscript,

original, and subsequent editions).



 Anthologies

Electronic Texts



 Some are quite basic – just the text.



 Some e-texts are typed, some are scanned.



 OCR (optical character recognition) is often used.



 Increasingly PDF is used.



 Sometimes HTML markup language is used.

Added Value to Texts





 Scholarly essays

 Biographical materials

 Annotations

 Timelines

 Bibliographies

 Images

 Sound

 Video etc.

Hypertext Fiction









 http://www.sunypress.edu/joyce/hypertext.html







 Reach, a fiction, The Iowa Review Online, Spring 2000.

http://www.uiowa.edu/~iareview/tirweb/hypermedia/michael_joyce/ReachTitle.html

Types of Literary Scholarship





 Descriptive Bibliography

 Editing

 Historical Studies

 Criticism

 Theory









MLA. Introduction to Scholarship in Modern Languages and Literatures (1992)

Descriptive Bibliography



 “Descriptive bibliography may be defined as the close

physical description of books and other printed objects: a

systematic report concerning their type, paper, printing,

illustrations, and binding, and how the circumstances of their

publication and distribution may have affected their physical

appearance. . . . The description typically concludes with

relevant details of the book's authorship, publication and

distribution.”







Terry Belanger and Richard Noble

http://www.virginia.edu/oldbooks/reading/desbib00.html

Challenges for Descriptive Bibliography of

Digital Texts?

Editing





 Producing “reliable” or “authoritative” versions of a text

Historical Studies





 Major emphasis on primary sources, e.g. manuscripts, first editions.



 Often a broader range of sources studied, e.g. non “literature” related.



 Often utilizes special collections.

Criticism



 Particular focus on the creative work itself.



 Often more stress on Text than Context.

Theory



 Literary theory “is the theory (or the philosophy) of the interpretation of

literature and literary criticism. Its history begins with classical Greek

poetics and rhetoric and includes, since the 18th century, aesthetics and

hermeneutics. In the 20th century, "theory" has become an umbrella term

for a variety of scholarly approaches to reading texts, most of which are

informed by various strands of Continental philosophy.”



 “Broad schools of theory that have historically been important include the

New Criticism, formalism, Russian formalism, and structuralism, post-

structuralism, Marxism, feminism and French feminism, new historicism,

deconstruction, reader-response criticism, and psychoanalytic criticism.”





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_theory

General Bibliographies





 Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, and Ireland and of

English Books Printed Abroad 1475-1640 (STC) (Pollard & Redgrave)

Textbook 1147





 Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales and

British America, and of English Books Printed in Other Countries 1641-1700

(Wing)

Textbook 1148





 Together they form major part of the online database Early English Books

Online

General Bibliographies



 Pen is ours: a listing of writings by and about african american women

before 1910 with secondary bibliography to the present. (Schomburg

Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers)

by Jean Fagan Yellin, Cynthia D. Bond (1991)



Textbook 1146

Index to Periodical Literature

(W. F. Poole)







 A retrospective subject index to the contents of 479 British and

American periodicals between 1802 and 1906 (originally in

print)



 Incorporated into the database Nineteenth Century Masterfile

which includes an electronic version of Poole's Index to

Periodical Literature and a number of other indexes. Provides

indexing to newspapers and journals of the nineteenth century,

as well as some government documents.

Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals l824-I900









 Identifies authors of articles in the major nineteenth

century quarterly and monthly periodicals.

(print and CD-ROM)

Textbook 1155

20th Century



 American Humanities Index (1975- ) – Print and Online

Textbook 19



 Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature (print and Online) -

provides comprehensive indexing of the most popular general-interest

periodicals published in the United States and reflects the history of

20th century America.





 Arts and Humanities Citation Index (Web of Science) (print and

Online) -- provides access to the bibliographic information and cited

references of all items published in more than 1,100 of the world's

leading arts and humanities journals.

Textbook 20

Retrospective Bibliographies of English Studies







e.g.: The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (1987)

Textbook 1145

 5 Volumes.



 Updates The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (CBEL)

(four volumes in 1941)

• A selective bibliography of primary and secondary sources in

English literature, from 600 A.D. to 1950. Volumes are divided

by time period, and then further subdivided by subject, form,

genre, and author. "An indispensable reference source and

often the best place for beginning research."

Current Bibliographies of English Studies

 Year's Work in English Studies (192-)

Textbook 1156



 Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature (1921-) – Print & Online --

contains over 783,000 records covering monographs, periodical articles, critical editions

of literary works, book reviews, collections of essays and doctoral dissertations published

anywhere in the world from 1920 onwards. Textbook 1151



 MLA International Bibliography (1921+ Print; 1963+ Online)

contains over 1.6 million citations from more than 4,400 periodicals (including peer-

reviewed e-journals) and 1,000 book publishers. The coverage is international and is

represented by literature from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South

America. While the majority of records are from English-language publications, at least

sixty other languages are represented including French, Spanish, German, Russian,

Portuguese, Norwegian, and Swedish. Textbook 1060



 Literature Online

Literature Online (LION) is a fully searchable library of more than 350,000

works of English and American poetry, drama and prose, 150 full-text literature

journals, and other key criticism and reference resources.

Other Indexes

 Essay & General Literature Index

Access to nearly 65,000 essays contained in some 5,300 anthologies and collections. Each

year more than 300 single and multi-author collections are indexed as well as more than 20

selected annuals and serials. Coverage includes all of the humanities and social sciences,

including literary works, art history, drama, and film. Online coverage is 1985 to present.

1900 - 1984 is available in print Textbook 23



 British Humanities Index

BHI indexes over 320 internationally respected humanities journals and weekly magazines

published in the UK and other English speaking countries, as well as quality newspapers

published in the UK.



 Play Index Textbook 837



 Short Story Index Textbook 1231



 Columbia Granger's Index to Poetry Textbook 1267



 International Bibliography of Theatre (1985- ) Textbook 829

Primary Bibliographies

 “Emphasis is on identifying, by means of description of the actual physical

pieces, the works that constitute the canon of a period, genre, author, subject,

or other limited area. Typical features include facsimiles or transcriptions of

the title and copyright pages and substantial details about a work's format

pagination, contents, typography, paper, binding, dust jacket, and printing and

publishing history, including data about the size of its press run, the price of a

copy, and the like. Locations of the copies upon which the descriptions are

based may be provided.”

Primary Bibliographies

Classic Examples:

 A Bibliography of the English Printed Drama to the

Restoration (1939) -- Greg



 American Bibliography -- Evans



 W. H. Auden: A Bibliography, 1924-1969 --

Bloombield& Edward Mendelson

Bibliography of American Literature (Jacob Blanck) (9 vols. in print) –

provides nearly 40,000 records of the literary works of approximately 300

American writers from the period of the Revolution to 1930. Coverage: 1775-

1930

Textbook 1142

Other Primary Bibliographies



 Lyle Henry Wright's American Fiction, 1774-1850 (rev. ed, 1978)

Textbook 1220



 Preston M. Yancy‟s The Afro-American Short Story: A Comprehensive

Annotated Index with Selected Commentaries (1976)

Textbook 1219

Secondary Bibliographies

 Scarecrow Press's Scarecrow Author Bibliographies





 Kent State University Press's The Serif Series: Bibliographies and

Checklists





 Northern Illinois University Press's (and now Garland's) Annotated

Secondary Bibliography Series on English Literature in Transition,

1880-1920





 Borgo Press's Bibliographies of Modern Authors

• and many others

General Research Guides

Examples:

 Richard D. Altick The Art of Literary Research (1993) 4th ed.

Textbook 1051





 James L. Harner. Literary Research Guide: An Annotated Listing of

Reference Sources in English Literary Studies (2002) 4th ed.



 Dorothea Kehler‟s Problems in Literary Research: A Guide to Selected

Reference Works (1997) 4th ed. Textbook 1054



 Michael J. Marcuse's A Reference Guide for English Studies (1992)

Textbook 1135

Specialized Research Guides

 John H. Fisher's The Medieval Literature of Western Europe: A

Review of Research (1966)





 David J. DeLaura's Victorian Prose: A Guide to Research (1973)





 Richard J. Finneran's Anglo-lrish Literature: A Review of Research

(1976)





 Joel Myerson's The Transcendentalists: A Review of Research and

Criticism (1984)

One Volume Handbooks



 Margaret Drabble's The Oxford Companion to English Literature

(2000) 6th ed. Textbook 1186





 James D. Hart's Oxford Companion to American Literature (1995)

6th ed. Textbook 1166





 Mary E. Snodgrass‟s Encyclopedia of Southern Literature (1997)

Textbook 1161





 Jack Salzman's The Cambridge Handbook of American Literature

(1986) Textbook 1159

Multivolume Encyclopedic Surveys



 A. H. Ward and A. R. Waller's Cambridge History of English

Literature (1907-1933) 15 vols. Textbook 1210



 William Porterfield Trent et al.'s Cambridge History of American

Literature (1917-1921) 8 vols. Textbook 1209



 The Oxford History of English Literature (usually referred to as

the OHEL) 15 vols. Textbook 1214



 Albert C. Baugh's A Literary History of England (2nd ed. 1997) 4

vols. Textbook 1213

Chronologies



 These are useful in literary research for putting authors and their

works in the perspectives of the concurrent political, social, religious,

artistic, and scientific activities.



 E.G.:

 Richard M. Ludwig and Clifford A. Nault, Jr.'s Annals of

American Literature, 1602-1983 (1986)

Textbook 1206



 Samuel Rogal's A Chronological Outline of American Literature

(1987)

Textbook 1211

Examples of DICTIONARIES



 C.Hugh Holman and William Hammon's A Handbook to Literature

(1996) Textbook 1075



 A. M. H. Abram's A Glossary of Literary Terms (1993) Textbook

1074



 Wendell V. Harris‟s Dictionary of Concepts in Literary Criticism and

Theory Textbook 1068



 Roger Fowler‟s A Dictionary of Modern Critical Terms Textbook

1070

Examples of BIOGRAPHIES



 American National Biography (ANB)



 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography DNB (



 Dictionary of Literary Biography (DLB)



 Contemporary Authors



 Biography Resource Center



 Biography and Genealogy Master Index



 Wilson Biographies Plus Illustrated

Examples of DIRECTORIES



 The Writers Directory (1971- ) 1203









 The International Directory of Little Magazines and Small Presses

(1965- ) 1055

Examples of CONCORDANCES

 Strong's Analytical Concordance to the Bible



 John S. P. Tatlock and Arthur G. Kennedy's A Concordance to the

Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer (1927; reprint, 1963)



 Marvin Spevack's A Complete and Systematic Concordance to the

Works of Shakespeare (1968-1980)



 Jess B. Bessinger, Jr.'s A Concordance to the Anglo-Saxon Poetic

Records (1978)



 And many online concordances

Journals Devoted to Individual Authors





 Shakespeare Quarterly (1950- )



 Thomas Hardy Annual (1983- )



 James Joyce Quarterly (1963- )



 Keats-Shelley Journal (1952- )



 Poe Studies (1967- )



 The Thomas Wolfe Review (1977- )



 And many others

Other Online Databases

Language & Literature

Other Online Databases



African-American Poetry, 1750-1900





Description: Nearly 3,000 poems written by African-

American poets in the late eighteenth and nineteenth

centuries.

American Drama



Dates: (1600-present)



Description: When complete, this collection will contain more than

2,000 plays by American dramatists that chronicle the history and

culture of America through its dramatic writing. At present, American

Drama includes 711 plays by dramatists such as Thomas Paine,

Edward Hitchcock, and James Lawson.

American Poetry 1600-1900





Description: Over 40,000 poems by more than 200

American poets from the Colonial Period to the early

twentieth century.

Archive of Celtic-Latin Literature-fulltext

(CD)





Dates: (400-1200 A.D.)



Description: Celtic-Latin literature from 400-1200 A.D.

Asian American Drama



 Asian American Drama contains more than 250 plays by over 40

playwrights, together with detailed, fielded information on related

productions, theaters, production companies, and more. Many of the plays

have never been published before. The collection begins with the works of

Sadakichi Hartmann in the late nineteenth century and includes such

contemporary playwrights as Philip Kan Gotanda, Elizabeth Wong, and

Jeannie Barroga. The database also includes selected playbills, production

photographs

Bible in English, 990-1970







Description: 20 different versions of the English Bible from

the tenth to the twentieth century.

Black Drama

 Black Drama contains the full text approximately 1,200 full text plays

plays written from the mid-1800s to the present by more than 150

playwrights from North America, English-speaking Africa, the

Caribbean, and other African diaspora countries. Many of the works

are rare, hard to find, or out of print. The collection includes

previously unpublished plays by writers such as Langston Hughes,

Ed Bullins, Willis Richardson, Amiri Baraka, Randolph Edmonds,

and Zora Neale Hurston.

Canadian Poetry



 Created in partnership with the Electronic Text Centre at the University of

New Brunswick Libraries, this unique collection currently contains the full

text of more than 12,000 poems by 142 poets including Bliss Carman,

Isabella Valancy Crawford and Archibald Lampman, and will soon offer a

comprehensive survey of Canadian poetry from the seventeenth century to

the early twentieth.

Children's Literature



 The CLCD database provides bibliographic data, reviews, awards, and lists

for children's books, audio books, and videos. The database contains over

900,000 catalog records, and 130,000 full text reviews from 24 review

sources. Approximately 1500 new reviews are added each month. There

are retrospective reviews going back 10 years. Additionally, there are links

to author sites, publishers, parent resources, curriculum resources and

information on reading measurement programs.

Contemporary Literary Criticism Select





Description: Contemporary Literary Criticism Select presents

significant published criticism on the life and works of novelists, poets,

playwrights, short story writers, and other creative writers now living

or who died after December 31, 1959.

Early American Fiction



Dates: (1789-1850)



Description: Early American Fiction provides both images and text for

a well-defined and comprehensive collection of early American fiction.

Presently includes 440 titles by 80 authors, including first printings of

works by James Fenimore Cooper, Edgar Allan Poe, Robert

Montgomery Bird, Washington Irving, Catharine Sedgwick, and

Nathaniel Hawthorne. A list of the authors with brief biographical

details is included.

Early English Prose Fiction



Dates: (1500-1700)



Description: Early English Prose Fiction contains 211 works in English

prose by writers from the British Isles from the period 1500-1700.

Early American imprints. Series I, Evans, 1639-1800

Early American Imprints, Series II - Shaw-Shoemaker, 1801-1819







Vast full-text resource of information about every aspect of life in 17th -

and 18th-century America as well as the first couple of decades of the 19th.

Subjects covered range from agriculture and auctions through foreign

affairs, diplomacy, literature, music, religion, the Revolutionary War,

slavery, temperance, witchcraft and just about any other topic imaginable.

Early English Books Online





EEBO brings nearly every English language book published

from the invention of printing in 1475 to 1700 to the Internet.

Works by Shakespeare, Spenser, Bacon, More, Erasmus,

Boyle, Newton, Galileo; musical exercises by Henry Purcell

and novels by Aphra Behn; prayer books, pamphlets, and

proclamations; almanacs, calendars, and other primary

resources are all in full facsimile. This interdisciplinary

database includes well over 100,000 early printed titles listed

in Pollard & Redgrave's Short-Title Catalogue (1475- 1640),

Wing's Short-Title Catalogue (1641-1700) and the Thomason

Tracts.

Eighteenth Century Collections Online



 When complete, this database will deliver every significant English-language and

foreign-language title printed in Great Britain between 1701 and 1800, along with

thousands of important works from the Americas. It will comprise nearly 150,000

titles and editions and will allow full-text searching of more than 33 million pages

of material. Titles included in ECCO are based on the English Short Title Catalogue

bibliography and are sourced from the holdings of the British Library, as well as

other national, university, research, and public and private libraries. The database

includes a variety of materials - from books and directories, Bibles, sheet music and

sermons to advertisements - and works by many well-known and lesser-known

authors, all providing a diverse collection of material for the researcher of the

eighteenth century. Variant editions of each individual work are frequently offered

to enable scholars to make textual comparisons of the works. The database is

divided into seven subject areas: History and Geography; Fine Arts and Social

Sciences; Medicine, Science and Technology; Literature and Language; Religion

and Philosophy; Law; General.

Eighteenth-Century Fiction, 1700-1780



Description: 96 complete works in English prose from the

period 1700-1780, by writers from the British Isles. Includes a

scanned version of Sterne's Tristram Shandy, and two different

editions of Richardson's Clarissa and Pamela and of Swift's

Gulliver's Travels.

English Drama 1280-1915





Description: A combination of Chadwyck-Healey‟s English

Verse Drama and English Prose Drama full-text databases. 4,000

plays by 1,200 authors from the late thirteenth century to the early

twentieth century.

English Poetry 600-1900

English Poetry 2nd Edition





Description: Essentially the complete English poetic canon from 600 to 1900.

Over 165,000 poems by more than 1,250 poets drawn from nearly 4,500 printed

sources.







English Poetry, Second Edition builds on the earlier English Poetry (600-1900)

with enhanced functionality and the addition of more than 20,000 poems from

several new categories. Containing more than 183,000 poems by over 2,700 poets,

English Poetry, Second Edition now provides good representation both of the

literary heritages of Commonwealth and ex-colonial countries and of the poetic

legacies of English writers who have only been brought back to scholarly attention

during the last thirty years.

Faber Poetry Library







Dates: (20th Century)



Description: A collection of some of the most influential

poets of the twentieth century. The Faber list spans the

seventy-year history of this major publishing house, and

includes the poetry of James Joyce, Siegfried Sassoon, T.S.

Eliot, Ted Hughes, Sylvia Plath and Seamus Heaney. In total

The Faber Poetry Library contains 140 volumes by 50 poets

Linguistics and Language Behavior

Abstracts





Dates: 1973-present



Description: This database covers a wide range of areas related to the

nature and use of language. Major topics include phonetics,

phonology, syntax and semantics. Complete coverage is also given to

various fields of linguistics including descriptive, historical,

comparative, theoretical and geographical linguistics.

Literary Theory







Dates: (Ancient Greece to the present)



Description: Literary Theory traces the history of literary theory and

criticism from Plato to Judith Butler. It contains over 1,000 works by

more than 350 writers, including: formal treatises on criticism, essays

and manifestos, literary prefaces, theories of imagination, taste and

aesthetics, and major examples of contemporary theory.

Literature Resource Center



Description: Literature Resource Center provides access to biographies,

bibliographies, and critical analyses of authors from every age and

literary discipline. Combining many of Gale's literary databases in a

single online service, the Literature Resource Center database covers

more than 120,000 novelists, poets, essayists, journalists, and other

writers, with in-depth coverage of 2,500 of the most-studied authors.

Middle English Compendium





Description: The Middle English Compendium is composed of three

major Middle English electronic resources: an electronic version of the

Middle English Dictionary, a HyperBibliography of Middle English prose

and verse, based on the MED bibliographies, and an associated network of

electronic resources, including a large collection of Middle English texts.

Hypertext links offer quick connections between, for example, an MED

citation, bibliographical information about its source, and an electronic

version of the source, if one is included in the collection.

Nineteenth Century Fiction







Description: 250 novels from the period 1782 to 1903, including

works by all the major Victorian novelists such as Dickens, Thackeray,

the Brontës, Eliot and Hardy, as well as the landmarks of Gothic and

other fiction from the Romantic period.

North American Theatre Online





 North American Theatre Online contains tens of thousands of records

for people, places, theatres, productions, production companies, and

more. It also includes more than 40,000 pages of full-text reference

works and content from hundreds of top theatre Web resources. The

database will continue to grow quarterly, aiming to cover everything

related to the North American stage from the 1600s to the present.

Past Masters



 Includes three collections of full text databases: (1) philosophy and

theology from Plato to Wittgenstein; (2) English letters: correspondence,

diaries, memoirs and notebooks from distinguished British writers,

statesmen, scientists, churchmen, explorers and philosophers in British

history;. (3) women writers: letters, journals, and notebooks from important

women writers in the English language. Past Masters uses authoritative

editions from established, scholarly publishers.

Scottish Women Poets of the Romantic Period





 This is an electronic collection of over 60 volumes of lyric poetry by about

fifty Scottish women, written between 1789 and 1832. The database also

contains critical reviews, essays and associated bibliographical and

biographical material. There are also selected pertinent web sites.

Oxford English Dictionary-full-text





Dates: (latest edition)



Description: The Second Edition provides a comprehensive

history of the English language and illustrates its development by

quotations from both scholarly and popular works. In total the

second edition of the OED contains nearly two and a half million

quotations.

Editions and Adaptations of Shakespeare,

1591-1911





Description: Editions and Adaptations of Shakespeare contains

eleven major editions from the First Folio of 1623 to the

Cambridge edition of 1863-6, twenty-eight separate contemporary

printings of individual plays and poems, selected apocrypha and

related works. In addition it contains more than one hundred

adaptations, sequels and burlesques from the seventeenth,

eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, including the whole of Bell's

Acting Edition of Shakespeare's Plays (1774). In the great majority

of cases texts have been captured entire, with all introductions,

prefaces, appendices, indices, notes editorial and authorial, essays,

tables, figures, illustrations etc. reproduced in full. Half title pages,

publisher's advertisements and decorations have not been

captured. Hypertext links have been created to connect editorial

matter to the texts whenever possible. Where omissions have been

made they are noted in the relevant bibliographic entry.

Théâtre du Grand Siècle







Dates: (1600-1699)



Description: Théâtre du Grand Siécle includes the full text of

seventy-seven plays by Corneille, Molière and Racine. This

constitutes the complete works of Corneille, Molière and Racine.

Teatro Español del Siglo de Oro





Dates: (1998)



Description: The Teatro Español del Siglo de Oro full text

database contains more than 800 plays written by 16 dramatists

during the sixteenth and seventeenth century in Spain. These

important dramatic works are either edited by the playwrights

themselves or by an editor "endorsed" by the playwright. The

entire text of each play is included and searchable.

Times Literary Supplement Centenary Archive







Dates: (1902-1980)



Description: An index to the TLS together with images of the

publication. Many of the previously anonymous contributors have

been identified. Full-text searching will be available by the end of

2000.

20th Century African-American Poetry





Dates: (20th century)



Description: A database of modern and contemporary African-

American poetry from the early twentieth century to the present.

Features 10,000 poems by around 70 of the most important African-

American poets of the last century.

20th Century American Poetry







Dates: (20th century)



Description: This collection includes 52,000 poems drawn from 750

volumes by over 300 poets, includingAdrienne Rich, Andrei

Codrescu, Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, Denise Levertov,

Wallace Stevens, Langston Hughes, Lucille Clifton, and Cathy Song.

20th Century English Poetry









Dates: (20th century)



Description: A collection of 594 volumes of poetry by

282 poets from 1900 to the present day, including W. B.

Yeats, Rudyard Kipling, Robert Graves, A. E. Housman,

John Betjeman, Fleur Adcock, Tony Harrison, Benjamin

Zephaniah and Carol Ann Duffy, and incorporating the

poets in The Faber Poetry Library.

W.B. Yeats Collection (1885-1995)







Dates: (1885-1995)



Description: The major works of W.B. Yeats in all genres,

including poetry, plays, criticism and fiction, published between

1885 and 1995.

Webster's Third New International Dictionary,

Unabridged









Dates: (1993)



Description: Webster's Unabridged is America's

premier lexicographical work. This electronic version

comprises the text of Webster's Third New International

Dictionary, Unabridged, published in 1961, and

subsequent updates which take account of current

usage.

ARTFL - Textual Database of French literature





Dates: (1200-present)



Description: Includes nearly 2,000 French texts ranging from classic

works of French literature to various kinds of non-fiction prose and

technical writing covering the 13th-20th Centuries. Database includes

literature, philosophy, arts, sciences. The eighteenth, nineteenth and

twentieth centuries are about equally represented, with a smaller selection

of seventeenth century texts as well as some medieval and Renaissance

texts.

Autour du Romantisme : Le Roman, 1792-1886 / Catalogue des lettres ;



chronologie et biographies rédigées sous la direction de R. Robert.









Dates: (1792-1886)



Description: Contains the works of Arlincourt, Borel,

Chateaubriand, Dumas, Feydeau, Hugo, Karr, Lamartine,

Maistre, Nerval, Sade, Souza, Staël, and Vigny, as well as

many other French authors of the 19th century.

Bertolt Brechts Werke im WWW







Dates: (1999)



Description: The first authorized electronic edition is

based on Bertolt Brecht, Ausgewählte Werke in sechs

Bänden, Jubiläumsausgabe um 100. Geburtstag. Published

in cooperation with Suhrkamp Verlag.and encoded in

SGML.

Le Corpus Montaigne





Dates: (1533-1997)



Description: The complete written works of Michel de Montaigne,

(1533-1592) including the editions in his lifetime, the Gournay editions,

twenty-four subsequent major editions, the best translations in

English, German, Spanish.

La Critique Littéraire de Laharpe à Proust







Dates: (1800-1899)





Description: Contains 115 works of twenty-nine French writers

from Alexis and Baudelaire to Saint-Beuve, Schlegel and Zola. In

addition, works by literary critical specialists to explore the rapid

development of literary theory between 1788 and 1925.

Dictionary of Old English Corpus



Dates: (600-1150 A.D.)



Description: Compiled as part of the Dictionary of Old

English project at the University of Toronto, the

Dictionary of Old English Corpus in Electronic Form is

an online database consisting of at least one copy of every

Old English text. In some cases, more than one copy is

included, if it is significant because of dialect or date. As

such, the DOEC represents about three million words of

Old English and another two million words of Latin, or

about six times the collected works of Shakespeare.

Autour du Romantisme : Le Roman, 1792-1886 / Catalogue des lettres ;



chronologie et biographies rédigées sous la direction de R. Robert.









Dates: (1792-1886)



Description: Contains the works of Arlincourt, Borel,

Chateaubriand, Dumas, Feydeau, Hugo, Karr, Lamartine,

Maistre, Nerval, Sade, Souza, Staël, and Vigny, as well as

many other French authors of the 19th century.

Goethes Werke im WWW







Dates: (1997)



Description: Electronic version of Goethes Werke, Weimar: H.

Böhlau, 1887-1919; Goethes Gespräche. Leipzig: Biedermann, 1889-

1896; Goethes Werke, Nachträge zur Weimarer Ausgabe, München:

Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1990.

Kafkas Werke im WWW





Dates: (1992)



Description: The Kritische Kafka-Ausgabe des S. Fischer

Verlages bei Chadwyck-Healey is the complete critical edition

published by S. Fischer Verlag digitized and encoded in SGML

The web site text has German and English versions.

Les Romanciers Réalistes et Naturalistes 1820-

1910







Dates: (1820-1910)



Description: Complete prose works of Balzac, Daudet, Flaubert,

Les Goncourt, Huysmans, Maupassant, Stendhal, Vallès and Zola

plus a selection of authors such as Les Familiers de Médan and Le

Manifeste des Cinq.

Schillers Werke im WWW







Dates: (1998)



Description: The electronic edition of the Nationalausgabe of

Schiller's works, established in 1940 as the definitive edition of his

works, letters and conversations.