PRESENTED BY GROUP-2
WHAT IS MEANT NETWORKING
GROUP OF COMPUTERS CONNECTED TOGETHER BY MEANS OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA INORDER TO COMMUNICATE BETWEEN EACH
OTHER AND SHARE IS KNOWN AS NETWORKING.
HOW COMMUNICATION IS DONE?
1.
COMMUNICATION IS DONE USING SET OF STANDARD PROTOCOLS.
2.
SOME OF THE WIDELY USED PROTOCLOS ARE TCP/IP HTTP TELNET FTP…
WHAT IS MEAN BY PROTOCOL?
PROTOCOL IS A SET OF STANDARD RULES TO BE FOLLOWED WHILE COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE COMPUTERS.
WHAT IS THE NEEDS OF PROTOCOLS
IN EARLY DAYS WHEN ARPANET INTRODUCED BY U.S MILITARY EACH AND EVERY ORGANIZATION FOLLOWED DIFFERENT SET OF PROTOCOLS,IT
RESULTED IN DIFFICULTY BETWEEN SHARING AND
COMMUNICATING WITH OTHER NETWORKS. SO THAT THE COMMON SET OF PROTOCOLS
WAS INTRODUCED.
IP ADDRESS
IP ADDRESS IS USED TO IDENTIFY THE SYSTEM IN THE NETWORK.
IP ADDRESS IS A 32 BIT ADDRESS
IP VER.6 IS 64 BIT ADDRESS CLASSES OF IP: CLASS A: CLASS B: CLASS C: CLASS D: CLASS F: SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH PURPOSE 0-126 128-191 192-223
FORMAT OF IP ADDRESS
IF IP ADDRESS IS A CLASS-A TYPE: 10.1.1.50 NET –ID HOST –ID IF IP IS A CLASS-B TYPE: 128.1.1.30 NET-ID HOST-ID IF IP IS A CLASS-C TYPE: 192.168.1.10 NET-ID HOST-ID
BASIC THINGS TO BE KNOW?
WHY IP ADDRESS WHY SUBNET WHY GATEWAY ADDDRESS WHY DNS
IS IT POSSIBLE TO GIVE MORE THAN ONE IP
ADDRESS IN A SYSTEM
NETWORK LAYERS
OSI-OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION
APPLICATION LAYER
THE APPLICATION ENTITIES LAYER THAT CONTAINS CONTROL THROUGH APPLICATION APPLICATION
PROCESS
INTERACTIONS CALLED APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOLS.
PRESENTATION LAYER
IT IS USED TO CONTROL THE TRANSFORMATION OF DATA AS THEY PASS BETWEEN THESE SYSTEMS TO ENSURE THAT THE
EXCHANGE OF DATA IS MEANINGFUL TO BOTH
SYSTEMS.
SESSION LAYER
IT PROVIDES SUPPORT FOR SESSION CONNECTION BETWEEN OPEN SYSTEM.
TRANSPORT LAYER
IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING SERVICE FOR THE USER
NETWORK LAYER
THE ROUTING NETWORK FUNCTIONS LAYER FOR HANDLES DATA THE MOVING FROMONE OPEN SYTEM TO ANOTHER.
DATA LINK LAYER
DATA LINK LAYER DIVIDES DATA TRAFFIC INTO TRANSMISSION PACKETS OR FRAMES.
PHYSICAL LAYER
IT HAS THE DIRECT INTERFACE WITH THE PHYSICAL MEDIA.IT SUPPORTS POINT TO POINT AND MULTI POINT CONNECTIONS.
TYPES OF NETWORK
LAN :: USED TO CONNECT COMPUTERS IN SAME LOCATION INTERNET(GLOBAL NETWORK) USED TO CONNECT CITY TO CITY WAN:: MAN::
SAN::
IT IS CONNECTED USING SATELLITE
CONNECTION TYPES
PEER TO PEER CONNECTION CONECTING USING SWITCH
PEER TO PEER CONNECTION:
CONECTING A SYSTEM WITH ANOTHER SYSTEM DIRECTLY.
CONNECTING USING SWITCH:
CONNECTING MORE THAN TWO SYSTEMS
CONNECTING MEDIA
UTP CABLE(CAT 5):
UTP CABLE AS 4 PAIR OF WIRES WHICH IS TWISTED TO EACH OTHER.
UTP CABLE(CAT 6):
NOW A DAYS CAT 6 CABLES OR MOSTLEY USED .
RJ 45 CONNECTOR:
RJ-45 IS A CONNECTOR WHICH IS LIKE AS A TELEPHONE JACK
USE TO CONNECT THE CABLES WITH THE NETWORK ACRD.
COLOUR CODING THE NETWORK CABLE
PEER TO PEER:
ONE END
WHITE ORANGE ORANGE WHIT GREEN BLUE WHITE BLUE GREEN
ANOTHER END
WHITE GREEN GREEN WHITE ORANGE BLUE WHIT BLUE ORANGE
WHITE BROWN
BROWN
WHITE BROWN
BROWN
COLOUR CODING THE NETWORK CABLE
• CONNECTING USIG SWITCH:
ONE END
WHITE ORANGE ORANGE
ANOTHER END
WHITE ORANGE ORANGE
WHIT GREEN
BLUE WHITE BLUE GREEN WHITE BROWN BROWN
WHITE GREEN
BLUE WHITE BLUE GREEN WHITE BROWN BROWN
SOME NETWORK DEVICES
HUB SWITCH BRIDGE ROUTER BROUTER GATEWAY
USED TO CONNECT LOCAL NETWORK USED AS A ADSL ROUTRE AND NETWORK BOOSTER
USED TO CONNECT TWO NETWORKS WITH DIFFERENET CLASS OF IP ADDRESS
COMBINATION OF BRIDGE +ROUTER USED TO CONNECT MORE NO OF NETWORKS WITH DIFFERENT IP AND DIFFERENT PROTOCOLS.
LAN TOOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY RING TOPOLOG STAR TOPOLOGY MESH TOPOLOGY
USES SWITCH AND UTP USES COAXIAL CABLES
USES BOTH COAXIAL AND UTP
NETWORK OS
CLIENT SUPPORTED
DOS WINDOWS 95 WINDOWS 98 WINDOWS 2000
WINDOWS XP
WINDOWS VISTA UNIX AND LINUX SUN SOLARISES
MAC
NETWORK OS
SERVER SUPPORTED
WINDOWS 2000 SERVER WINDOWS 2003 SERVER WINDOWS 2007 SERVER LINUX
SUN SOLARISES
MAC
WHEN A PC ACTS AS A ACTUAL SERVER?
A PC ACTS AS SERVER WHEN IT IS INSTALLED WITH SERVER OS ,ADS IS CONFIGURED AND DOMIN IS ACTIVATED. IF THE ADS IS NOT CONFIGURE SERVER ACTS AS ONLY A WORKGROU PC….
WHAT IS A SIMPLE NETWORK?
A NETWORK IS SAID TO BE A SIMPLE NETWORK WHEN THERE IS NO CENTRALIZED DATA ACCESS,IN THIS TYPE OF NETWORK NO NEED FOR A DEDICTAED
SERVER AND ANY ONE CAN ACCESS ANY SYSTEMS
WITHOUT ANY RIGHTS IN THE NETWORK.
WHAT IS A PERFECT NETWORK?
IF IS NETWORK HAS A DEDICATED SERVER AND ONLY IF DOMAI IS CONFIGURED IT IS SAID TO BE PROPER SERVER,THE DATA ACCESS IS CENTRALIZED
AND WE CAN GIVE RIGHTS FOR EACH AND EVERY
USE,RS IN THE NETWORK .
SOME TIPS WHILE NETWORKING
SELECT THE PROPER IP CLASS ACCORDING TO THE NO OF
SYSTEMS NO DIFFRENT CLASS OF IP ADDRESS MUST BE IN A SAME NETWORK THE WORKGROUP NAME OR THE DOMAIN NAME MUST BE COMMON TO ALL IF IT IS A LAN IT THE CABLE LENGTH SHOULD NOT EXCEED ABOVE 100 METERS MUST GIVE ACCESSING RIGHTS IN FIREWALL IF FIRE WALL IS INSTALLED . CABLES MUST BE STRUCTURE USING A BACKBONE. AVOID ELECTRIC LINES NEARER THE NETWORK CABLE.
QUERIES PLEASE?