PRESENTED BY GROUP-2
WHAT IS MEANT NETWORKING
GROUP OF COMPUTERS CONNECTED TOGETHER BY MEANS OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA
INORDER TO COMMUNICATE BETWEEN EACH
OTHER AND SHARE IS KNOWN AS NETWORKING.
HOW COMMUNICATION IS DONE?
1.
COMMUNICATION IS DONE USING SET OF STANDARD PROTOCOLS.
2.
SOME OF THE WIDELY USED PROTOCLOS ARE TCP/IP HTTP
TELNET FTP…
WHAT IS MEAN BY PROTOCOL?
PROTOCOL IS A SET OF STANDARD RULES TO BE FOLLOWED WHILE COMMUNICATING
BETWEEN THE COMPUTERS.
WHAT IS THE NEEDS OF PROTOCOLS
IN EARLY DAYS WHEN ARPANET INTRODUCED BY U.S MILITARY EACH AND EVERY ORGANIZATION
FOLLOWED DIFFERENT SET OF PROTOCOLS,IT
RESULTED IN DIFFICULTY BETWEEN SHARING AND
COMMUNICATING WITH OTHER NETWORKS. SO THAT THE COMMON SET OF PROTOCOLS WAS INTRODUCED.
IP ADDRESS
IP ADDRESS IS USED TO IDENTIFY THE SYSTEM IN THE NETWORK.
IP ADDRESS IS A 32 BIT ADDRESS IP VER.6 IS 64 BIT ADDRESS CLASSES OF IP: CLASS A: 0-126
CLASS B: CLASS C: CLASS D:
128-191 192-223
CLASS F: SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH
PURPOSE
FORMAT OF IP ADDRESS
IF IP ADDRESS IS A CLASS-A TYPE: 10.1.1.50 NET –ID HOST –ID
IF IP IS A CLASS-B TYPE: 128.1.1.30 NET-ID HOST-ID IF IP IS A CLASS-C TYPE: 192.168.1.10 NET-ID HOST-ID
BASIC THINGS TO BE KNOW?
WHY IP ADDRESS WHY SUBNET WHY GATEWAY ADDDRESS WHY DNS IS IT POSSIBLE TO GIVE MORE THAN ONE IP ADDRESS IN A SYSTEM
NETWORK LAYERS
OSI-OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION
APPLICATION LAYER
THE APPLICATION
ENTITIES
LAYER
THAT
CONTAINS
CONTROL
APPLICATION
APPLICATION
PROCESS
THROUGH
INTERACTIONS CALLED APPLICATION LAYER
PROTOCOLS.
PRESENTATION LAYER
IT IS USED TO CONTROL THE TRANSFORMATION OF DATA AS THEY PASS
BETWEEN THESE SYSTEMS TO ENSURE THAT THE
EXCHANGE OF DATA IS MEANINGFUL TO BOTH SYSTEMS.
SESSION LAYER
IT PROVIDES SUPPORT FOR SESSION CONNECTION BETWEEN OPEN SYSTEM.
TRANSPORT LAYER
IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING SERVICE FOR THE USER
NETWORK LAYER
THE ROUTING NETWORK FUNCTIONS LAYER FOR HANDLES DATA THE MOVING
FROMONE OPEN SYTEM TO ANOTHER.
DATA LINK LAYER
DATA LINK LAYER DIVIDES DATA TRAFFIC INTO TRANSMISSION PACKETS OR FRAMES.
PHYSICAL LAYER
IT HAS THE DIRECT INTERFACE WITH THE PHYSICAL MEDIA.IT SUPPORTS POINT TO POINT
AND MULTI POINT CONNECTIONS.
TYPES OF NETWORK
LAN :: USED TO CONNECT COMPUTERS IN SAME LOCATION INTERNET(GLOBAL NETWORK) USED TO CONNECT CITY TO CITY IT IS CONNECTED USING SATELLITE WAN:: MAN:: SAN::
CONNECTION TYPES
PEER TO PEER CONNECTION CONECTING USING SWITCH
PEER TO PEER CONNECTION:
CONECTING A SYSTEM WITH ANOTHER SYSTEM DIRECTLY.
CONNECTING USING SWITCH:
CONNECTING MORE THAN TWO SYSTEMS
CONNECTING MEDIA
UTP CABLE(CAT 5):
UTP CABLE AS 4 PAIR OF WIRES WHICH IS TWISTED TO EACH OTHER.
UTP CABLE(CAT 6):
NOW A DAYS CAT 6 CABLES OR MOSTLEY USED .
RJ 45 CONNECTOR:
RJ-45 IS A CONNECTOR WHICH IS LIKE AS A TELEPHONE JACK USE TO CONNECT THE CABLES WITH THE NETWORK ACRD.
COLOUR CODING THE NETWORK CABLE
PEER TO PEER:
ONE END
WHITE ORANGE ORANGE WHIT GREEN BLUE WHITE BLUE GREEN WHITE BROWN BROWN
ANOTHER END
WHITE GREEN GREEN WHITE ORANGE BLUE WHIT BLUE ORANGE WHITE BROWN BROWN
COLOUR CODING THE NETWORK CABLE
• CONNECTING USIG SWITCH:
ONE END
WHITE ORANGE ORANGE WHIT GREEN BLUE WHITE BLUE GREEN WHITE BROWN BROWN
ANOTHER END
WHITE ORANGE ORANGE WHITE GREEN BLUE WHITE BLUE GREEN WHITE BROWN BROWN
SOME NETWORK DEVICES
HUB SWITCH BRIDGE ROUTER
BROUTER
USED TO CONNECT LOCAL NETWORK
USED AS A ADSL ROUTRE AND NETWORK BOOSTER
USED TO CONNECT TWO NETWORKS WITH DIFFERENET CLASS OF IP ADDRESS
COMBINATION OF BRIDGE +ROUTER
GATEWAY
USED TO CONNECT MORE NO OF NETWORKS WITH DIFFERENT IP AND DIFFERENT PROTOCOLS.
LAN TOOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY RING TOPOLOG STAR TOPOLOGY
MESH TOPOLOGY
USES SWITCH AND UTP
USES COAXIAL CABLES
USES BOTH COAXIAL AND UTP
NETWORK OS
CLIENT SUPPORTED
DOS
WINDOWS 95 WINDOWS 98 WINDOWS 2000
WINDOWS XP
WINDOWS VISTA UNIX AND LINUX
SUN SOLARISES MAC
NETWORK OS
SERVER SUPPORTED
WINDOWS 2000 SERVER
WINDOWS 2003 SERVER WINDOWS 2007 SERVER LINUX
SUN SOLARISES
MAC
WHEN A PC ACTS AS A ACTUAL SERVER?
A PC ACTS AS SERVER WHEN IT IS INSTALLED WITH SERVER OS ,ADS IS CONFIGURED AND DOMIN IS ACTIVATED. IF THE ADS IS NOT CONFIGURE SERVER ACTS AS ONLY A WORKGROU PC….
WHAT IS A SIMPLE NETWORK?
A NETWORK IS SAID TO BE A SIMPLE NETWORK WHEN THERE IS NO CENTRALIZED DATA ACCESS,IN
THIS TYPE OF NETWORK NO NEED FOR A DEDICTAED SERVER AND ANY ONE CAN ACCESS ANY SYSTEMS
WITHOUT ANY RIGHTS IN THE NETWORK.
WHAT IS A PERFECT NETWORK?
IF IS NETWORK HAS A DEDICATED SERVER AND ONLY IF DOMAI IS CONFIGURED IT IS SAID TO BE
PROPER SERVER,THE DATA ACCESS IS CENTRALIZED AND WE CAN GIVE RIGHTS FOR EACH AND EVERY
USE,RS IN THE NETWORK .
SOME TIPS WHILE NETWORKING
SELECT THE PROPER IP CLASS ACCORDING TO THE NO OF SYSTEMS NO DIFFRENT CLASS OF IP ADDRESS MUST BE IN A SAME NETWORK
THE WORKGROUP NAME OR THE DOMAIN NAME MUST BE COMMON TO ALL IF IT IS A LAN IT THE CABLE LENGTH SHOULD NOT EXCEED ABOVE 100 METERS MUST GIVE ACCESSING RIGHTS IN FIREWALL IF FIRE WALL IS INSTALLED .
CABLES MUST BE STRUCTURE USING A BACKBONE.
AVOID ELECTRIC LINES NEARER THE NETWORK CABLE.
QUERIES PLEASE?