Apartheid
South Africa’s Challenge
1800’s = Race for Africa
1865 Dr. Livingstone set
out to Africa
The Berlin Conference,
1885
By 1914 most of Africa
was controlled by
colonial powers
Independence
• 1910 South Africa
won independence
from Britain
• Freedom was limited
to White settlers
1920’s Pan-Africanism
•Lead by WEB Dubois
•Established the first Pan-
African Congress that
met in Paris in 1919.
After WWII
• After the war African
Blacks began moving
into cities and towns
of Africa.
• Black Nationalism
stirred demands for
rights.
Afrikaner Response
• 1948 the Afrikaner National Party won a
majority in a “whites-only” parliament
• They began to expand a system of racial
separation
• Apartheid = Separation
Apartheid Government
• All South Africans were registered by race:
Black, White, Colored (mixed race), and
Asians
• Afrikaners argued:
“separation would allow each race to develop
it’s own culture independently.”
In actuality…
• Blacks had to carry “passbooks”
• Black women had to have permission to
enter another “district” of town
• All Blacks were assigned “homelands”
• Mixed marriages were banned
• Separate segregated beaches, restaurants,
and schools
• Blacks were paid less than Whites for the
same jobs
• Black schools received less funding
Resistance
• In 1912 the ANC was set up to protest apartheid
• By the 1950’s there were continually harsher
regulations placed on natives by the Afrikaners
• During the 1960’s government violence against
protesters increased
• 1964 the ANC was outlawed
World Response
• 1980’s the world community began laying
sanctions against South Africa in opposition
to apartheid
• 1984 Bishop Desmond Tutu won the Nobel
Peace Prize for his opposition to apartheid
• 1990 Mandela was freed from prison
Free at last!
• In 1994 Mandela was
elected president of
South Africa
• Mandela stepped
down from office in
1999