NATO ORGANIZATION
AND
WORKING METHODS
presented by
Dr. Bernd A. Goetze
Secretary of the North Atlantic Council
KIEV, 6 February, 2004
slide 1
THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS LECTURE IS TO
PRESENT:
• NATO’S ORIGINS, ORGANISATION, CORE
FUNCTIONS AND WORKING METHODS
• THE ALLIANCE’S CONSULTATIVE DECISION-
MAKING PROCESS
• ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF NATO
ORGANISATIONAL ELEMENTS
• THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF NATIONAL
INTERESTS AND ORGANISATIONAL
OBJECTIVES
• NATO TRANSFORMATION
slide 2
CORE FUNCTIONS
• POLITICAL-MILITARY ORGANISATION
• BASED ON NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
(WASHINGTON, 4 APRIL 1949)
• CREATED WITHIN FRAMEWORK ART. 51 UN
CHARTER
• SAFEGUARD FREEDOM AND SECURITY
• MUTUAL COOPERATION AMONG SOVEREIGN
STATES
• INDIVISIBILITY OF SECURITY MEMBERS
• SOLIDARITY AMONG MEMBERS
• INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY AND RULE OF LAW
slide 3
COMMITMENT BY ALLIES
• PEACEFUL AND FRIENDLY RELATIONS
AND TO PROMOTING CONDITIONS OF
STABILITY AND WELL-BEING
• SETTLE, IF POSSIBLE, INTERNATIONAL
DISPUTES BY PEACEFUL MEANS, BY
NEGOTIATIONS
slide 4
ARTICLE 4 OF THE
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
• ….”THE PARTIES WILL CONSULT
TOGETHER WHENEVER, IN THE
OPINION OF ANY OF THEM, THE
TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY, POLITICAL
INDEPENDENCE OR SECURITY OF
ANY OF THE PARTIES IS
THREATENED.”
slide 5
ARTICLE 5 OF THE
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
• “…. ARMED ATTACK AGAINST ONE …
SHALL BE CONSIDERED AN ATTACK
AGAINST THEM ALL AND ….EACH OF
THEM … WILL ASSIST THE PARTY OR
PARTIES SO ATTACKED BY TAKING
FORTHWITH … SUCH ACTION AS IT
DEEMS NECESSARY, INCLUDING THE
USE OF ARMED FORCE …”
slide 6
ARTICLE 5 OF THE
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
(CONTINUED)
• LINK TO UNITED NATIONS
• INVOCATION OF ARTICLE 5 AFTER 11
SEPTEMBER 2001
• AT NATO’S DISPOSAL, POLITICAL,
DIPLOMATIC, ECONOMIC, MILITARY
MEASURES
• INTER-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION
slide 7
THE NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL
ALL NATO NATIONS
REYKJAVIK ROME
BUDAPEST LUXEMBOURG
THE HAGUE
ATHENS
OSLO
BERLIN
PARIS WARSAW
LISBON
COPENHAGEN
MADRID
PRAGUE
ANKARA
OTTAWA LONDON
BRUSSELS WASHINGTON
slide 8
NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL
(CONTINUED)
• DERIVES AUTHORITY FROM NORTH
ATLANTIC TREATY
• EQUAL RIGHTS FOR ALL 19 MEMBER
STATES
• DECISION BY CONSENSUS
• POLITICAL AND POLITICAL-MILITARY
SECURITY MATTERS
slide 9
NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL
(CONTINUED)
DEFENCE PLANNING COMMITTEE
• DEFENCE POLICY AND PLANNING MATTERS
• INTEGRATED MILITARY STRUCTURE
• FRANCE INVOLVED IN PEACE KEEPING
NUCLEAR PLANNING GROUP
• POLICY ISSUES ON NUCLEAR MATTERS AND FORCES
• FRANCE DOES NOT PARTICIPATE
slide 10
NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL
(CONTINUED)
LEVELS OF MEETINGS
• Heads of State and Government (Summits)
• Ministers of Foreign Affairs (2 x year)
• Ministers of Defence (3 x year)
• Permanent Session (Ambassadors)
- Tuesday - Informal (no decision-making)
- Wednesday - Formal (decision-making)
slide 11
NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL
(CONTINUED)
OTHER FORA:
• EAPC • (1 x month)
• EAPC, SFOR/KFOR • (when required)
FORMAT
• NRC • (1 x month)
• NUC • (6 x year)
• 19+1 • (on request by Partners)
• SEEI (19+7) • (when required)
• EU • (1 x month)
slide 12
DECISION MAKING BODIES
DEFENCE PLANNING NORTH ATLANTIC NUCLEAR
COMMITTEE COUNCIL PLANNING GROUP
-/- France -/- France
MILITARY
COMMITTEE
NAC
- HOSG
- MFAs
- MODs
- PERMREPs COMMITTEES
SLIDE 13
slide
slide 14
NAC/DPC FUNCTIONS
• PROVIDE FOCAL POINT FOR EXCHANGE
OF INTELLIGENCE, INFORMATION AND
OTHER DATA
• ACT AS A FORUM FOR CONSULTATIONS
• SERVE AS FORUM TO TAKE COLLECTIVE
DECISIONS
slide 15
INTERNATIONAL STAFF
OFFICE OF
THE SECRETARY GENERAL
PRIVATE OFFICE SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL(1)
ASG FOR
ASG FOR DEFENCE POLICY ASG FOR ASG FOR ASG FOR ASG FOR
POLITICAL AFFAIRS & PLANNING DEFENCE INVESTMENT EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT PUBLIC DIPLOMACY OPERATIONS
DIRECTOR OF
CHAIRMAN NATO OFFICE OF
CIVILIAN BUDGET COMMITTEE SECURITY
CHAIRMAN INTERNATIONAL (1)Operationaldirection from the SG
BOARD OF AUDITORS Administrative support from ASG ExecMgmt
slide 16
INTERNATIONAL STAFF
(CONTINUED)
ROLE IN FACILITATING DECISIONS
• DRAFT COMMUNIQUÉS
• PREPARE POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
• DRAFT CONSULTATION AND DECISION
DOCUMENTS
• CHAIR NAC AND COMMITTEES
• FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS
• DECISION SHEETS AND SUMMARY RECORDS
• NEGOTIATIONS
• PREPARE, CO-ORDINATE DEFENCE PLANNING
PROCESS
slide 17
ROLE OF THE
MILITARY COMMITTEE
• PROVIDES MILITARY ADVICE TO THE
NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL (NAC)
• DEVELOPS MILITARY PLANS AT
REQUEST OF NAC
• TRANSLATES NAC DECISIONS INTO
OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE FOR THE
NATO STRATEGIC COMMANDERS
• MILITARY COMMITTEE HAS NO
COMMAND FUNCTIONS
slide 18
INTERNATIONAL MILITARY
STAFF
NATO HQ C3S DIRECTOR IMS
SITCEN SUPPORT
PERSONNEL
ACTIVITIES
COOPERATION LOGISTICS, CAPABILTITY
PLANS AND
& REGIONAL INTELLIGENCE ARMAMENTS OPERATIONS COORDINATION
POLICY
SECURITY AND RESOURCES CELL
slide 19
THE STRATEGIC COMMANDERS
• SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER OPERATIONS
(Mons - Belgium)
• SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER
TRANSFORMATION (Norfolk, Virginia, USA)
– DIRECT OPERATIONAL ADVICE TO THE NAC
WHEN REQUESTED
– PLANS NORMALLY TO THE COUNCIL THROUGH
MILITARY COMMITTEE
slide 20
NATO HEADQUARTERS FACILITIES
• HQ BUILDING CONSISTING OF:
– CONFERENCE CENTRE
– COMMON FACILITIES
– STAFF CENTRE
OFFICE BUILDINGS FOR:
. NATIONAL DELEGATIONS (CIVIL AND MILITARY)
• INTERNATIONAL STAFF
• INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STAFF
(TOTAL COMPLEMENT = APPROX. 3200
INTERNATIONAL STAFF = APPROX. 1150)
slide 21
NATO COMMUNICATIONS
• TELEGRAPH AUTOMATIC RELAY EQUIPMENT WHICH LINKS
USERS, INCLUDING NATO HQ, NATO CAPITALS AND THE TWO
STRATEGIC NATO COMMANDS
• NATO AND NATIONAL SATELLITES
• IN-HOUSE COMPUTER SYSTEM LINKS IS, IMS, DELEGATIONS AND
SCs; IN FUTURE, CAPITALS AS WELL
• THE INITIAL VOICE SWITCHED NETWORK (IVSN) LINKS CIVIL
AND MILITARY USERS THROUGHOUT THE ALLIANCE PROVIDING
SECURE (AND NON-SECURE) VOICE COMMUNICATIONS
(TELEPHONE)
• EACH DELEGATION HAS ITS OWN MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
slide 22
NATO SITUATION CENTRE
• RECEIPT, EXCHANGE AND DISSEMINATION OF
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND MILITARY
INTELLIGENCE AND INFORMATION
• ASSURES A SEVEN-DAY, 24-HOUR, POINT OF
CONTACT AT NATO HQ
• FURNISHES FACILITIES FOR SPECIALISED
BRIEFINGS ON SHORT NOTICE
slide 23
CONSENSUS DECISION-MAKING
COMPLICATED AND SOMETIMES
TIME CONSUMING
• DIFFERENT EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE
RELATIONS
• PROCESS OF INSTRUCTION FROM CAPITALS
• COMPLEX AND IMPORTANT ISSUES
• 19 NATIONS WITH DIFFERENT HISTORIC
BACKGROUNDS AND PERSPECTIVES
• INTERACTION WITH OTHER ORGANISATIONS
• DIFFERENT INFORMATION AND
INTELLIGENCE
slide 24
CONSENSUS DECISION-MAKING
(CONTINUED)
• WAYS TO ACCELERATE PROCESS:
– DISTRIBUTE ALL AVAILABLE INFORMATION
AND INTELLIGENCE TO ALL ALLIES (SITCEN
AND COMMS)
– DISTRIBUTE NATIONAL VIEWS TO ALL
OTHER NATIONS
– TABLE PROPOSALS
– EFFECTIVE CHAIRMANSHIP
– WILLINGNESS TO COMPROMISE
slide 25
CONSENSUS DECISION-MAKING
(CONTINUED)
• WHY IS NATO SUCCESSFUL?
– COMMON RECENT HISTORY, BACKGROUND, EXPERIENCE
– BELIEF THAT NATO IS WORTHWHILE AND NECESSARY:
PARTNERS/ASPIRING NATIONS
– NATO IS CHANGING AND ADAPTING
– ROLE IN THE BALKANS AND AFGHANISTAN
– MEMBERSHIP ACTION PLAN
– RELATIONSHIP OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
– TRANSATLANTIC LINK
– STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIP WITH EU
– COLLECTIVE RESPONSE TO 11 SEPTEMBER 2001 TERRORIST
ATTACK ON THE USA
slide 26
CONSENSUS DECISION-MAKING
(CONTINUED)
WHY KEEP CONSENSUS DECISION-MAKING?
• POLITICAL AND CONSULTATION RIGHTS
• NO EXCLUSION FROM CONSENSUS DECISION-
MAKING PROCESS
• ENSURE INDIVIDUAL INTEREST
• COMMON SHARING OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR
DECISIONS AND ACTIONS
MAIN CHARACTERISTIC
WILLINGNESS TO FORGE CONSENSUS
slide 27
QUESTIONS?