NATO Organisation and Working Methods - The programme

NATO ORGANISATION AND WORKING METHODS Presented by Dr. Bernd A Goetze Secretary of the North Atlantic Council To the Ukraine National Defence Academy Kiev, 10 February, 2004 -1C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (SLIDE 1) [LECTURE OBJECTIVES] NATO ORGANISATION AND WORKING METHODS GOOD MORNING, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, IT IS WONDERFUL TO BE BACK IN KIEV AFTER MORE THAN 12 YEARS AND SEE THE TREMENDOUS CHANGES THAT HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN YOUR BEAUTIFUL, HISTORIC CITY. THE OBJECTIVE OF MY PRESENTATION THIS MORNING IS TO FAMILIARIZE YOU WITH NATO’S ORIGINS AND ORGANISATION; THE CORE FUNCTIONS OF THE ALLIANCE; ITS WORKING METHODS AND THE REMARKABLE TRANSFORMATION WHICH IT HAS UNDERGONE AS IT ADAPTED TO THE RAPIDLY CHANGING INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT. (SLIDE 2) [CORE FUNCTIONS] (CLICK) NATO IS A POLITICAL-MILITARY ORGANISATION, WITH THE EMPHASIS ON POLITICAL. IT WAS FOUNDED IN WASHINGTON IN 1949 TO CONSOLIDATE THE BATTERED DEMOCRACIES OF POST -2C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc WORLD WAR II EUROPE AND TO DEFEND AGAINST WHAT WAS PERCEIVED AS THE COMMUNIST THREAT OF AGGRESSION THROUGH THE GROWING MILITARY CAPACITY OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION. (CLICK) THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY WAS SIGNED ON 4TH APRIL 1949 IN WASHINGTON. IT IS ALSO OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE “WASHIGTON TREATY” AND CONSTITUTES THE LEGAL AND CONTRACTUAL BASIS FOR THE ALLIANCE. (CLICK) IT WAS CREATED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ARTICLE 51 OF THE UNITED NATIONS CHARTER, WHICH REAFFIRMS THE INHERENET RIGHT OF INDEPENDENT STATES TO INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE DEFENSE. (CLICK) NATO’S ESSENTIAL PURPOSE IS TO SAFEGUARD THE FREEDOM AND SECURITY OF ITS MEMBERS BY POLITICAL AND MILITARY MEANS. SINCE ITS INCEPTION THE ALLIANCE HAS WORKED FOR A JUST AND LASTING PEACEFUL ORDER IN EUROPE BASED ON -3C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc COMMON VALUES OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE RULE OF LAW. THIS CENTRAL ALLIANCE OBLECTIVE HAS, SINCE THE END OF THE COLD WAR, A RENEWED SIGNIFICANCE. FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD, THE PROSPECT OF FULL ACHIEVEMENT HAS BECOME REALITY, ALSO BEYOND THE ORIGINAL BOUNDERIES OF NATO. (CLICK) THE FUNDAMENTAL OPERATING PRINCIPLE IS THE COMMON COMMITMENT TO MUTUAL COOPERATION AMONG SOVEREIGN STATES. (CLICK) IT IS BASED ON THE INDIVISIBILITY OF THE SECURITY OF ITS MEMBERS. -4C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) SOLIDARITY AMONG THE MEMBERS ENSURES THAT NO MEMBER COUNTRY IS FORCED TO RELY SOLELY ON ITS OWN NATIONAL EFFORT TO DEFEND ITSELF. (CLICK) HOWEVER, IT DOES NOT DEPRIVE ANY OF THE MEMBER STATES OF ITS LEGITIMATE RIGHT AND DUTY TO RESUME SOVEREIGN RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES VIS-À-VIS DEFENCE. THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY IS VERY SHORT AND VERY SIMPLE, ONLY A PREAMBLE AND 14 ARTICLES. SIMPLICITY SOMETIMES LASTS THE LONGEST.THE PREAMBULE OF THIS TREATY SAYS IT ALL: “WE ARE DETERMINED TO SAFEGUARD THE PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY, INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY AND THE RULE OF LAW”. THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION – NAT0 – PROVIDES THE STRUCTURE TO IMPLEMENT THE GOALS OF THE ALLIANCE. IT IS AN INTER-GOUVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION. -5C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc MEMBER COUNTRIES RETAIN THEIR FULL SOVEREIGNTY AND INDEPENDENCE. (SLIDE 3) [COMMITMENTS BY ALLIES] (CLICK) THE MEMBERS STATES OF NATO, COMMITTED THEMSELVES TO: “PEACEFUL AND FRIENDLY RELATIONS AND TO PROMOTING CONDITIONS OF STABILITY AND WELL BEING”. (CLICK) “THEY WILL SETTLE, IF POSSIBLE, INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES BY PEACEFUL MEANS, BY NEGOTIATIONS.” MOST IMPORTANT ARTICLES OF THE WASHINGTON TREATY ARE ARTICLES 4 AND 5. -6C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (SLIDE 4) (ARTICLE 4) (CLICK) IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PRESENT GEO-POLITICAL SITUATION, ARTICLE 4 IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ARTICLE. IT READS: “THE PARTIES WILL CONSULT TOGETHER WHENEVER, IN THE OPINION OF ANY OF THEM, THE TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY, POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE OR SECURITY OF ANY OF THE PARTIES IS THREATENED”. ALLIES HAVE COMMITTED THEMSELVES TO CONSULT IN THE CASE OF THREAT. CONSULTATION IS, HOWEVER, ABOUT A LOT MORE THREAT. OVER TIME THAN AN UNDERSTANDING HAS DEVELOPED WHEN CONSULTATION SHOULD TAKE PLACE, FOR EXAMPLE: • WHEN WITHDRAWING FORCES, EVEN TEMPORARILY, FROM THE INTEGRATED MILITARY STRUCTURE FOR NATIONAL USE; -7C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc • CHANGES TO NATIONAL TO DEFENCE BUDGETS AND CONTRIBUTIONS NATO’S COMMON BUDGETS; • CHANGES TO COMMAND STRUCTURE; • UNILATERAL/MULTILATERAL PEACEKEEPING, PEACE MILITARY SUPPORT ACTIONS, OPERATIONS; • CRISIS MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS AND THEIR FORCE STRUCTURES; (SLIDE 5) (ARTICLE 5) (CLICK) ARTICLE 5 EMPHASISES THE DEFENSIVE CHARACTER OF THE TREATY. IT READS: “THE PARTIES AGREE THAT AN ARMED ATTACK AGAINST ONE OR MORE OF THEM IN EUROPE OR NORTH AMERICA SHALL BE CONSIDERED AN ATTACK AGAINST THEM ALL, ÁND CONSEQUENTLY THEY AGREE THAT, IF SUCH AN ARMED ATTACK OCCURS, EACH OF THEM, IN EXERCISE OF THE RIGHT OF INDIVIDUAL OR COLLECTIVE SELF-DEFENCE RECOGNISED BY -8C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc ARTICLE 51 OF THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS, WILL ASSIST THE PARTY OR PARTIES SO ATTACKED BY TAKING FORTHWITH, INDIVIDUALLY, AND IN CONCERT WITH OTHER PARTIES, SUCH ACTION AS IT DEEMS NECESSARY, INCLUDING THE USE OF ARMED FORCE, TO RESTORE AND MAINTAIN THE SECURITY OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC AREA.” (SLIDE 6) [ART 5 CONTINUED] (CLICK) ANY SUCH ARMED ATTACK AND ALL MEASURES TAKEN AS A RESULT THEREOF SHALL IMMEDIATELY BE REPORTED TO THE (UN) SECURITY COUNCIL. (CLICK) NATO INVOKED ARTICLE 5 FOR THE FIRST TIME IN ITS HISTORY, FOLLOWING THE ACTS OF TERRORISM AGAINST THE UNITED STATES ON 11 SEPTEMBER 2001. THE MEASURES SHALL BE TERMINATED WHEN THE SECURITY COUNCIL HAS TAKEN THE MEASURES NECESSARY TO RESTORE AND MAINTAIN INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY.” -9C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc LOOKING AT THE WASHINGTON TREATY AND ITS ARTICLES, OUR OBJECTIVES AND COMMITMENTS, CONSULTATION AND COMMON DEFENCE, HAVE REMAINED CONSTANT AND STILL APPLY TODAY. AMONG THINGS THAT HAVE CHANGED IS NATO’S ABILITY AND NEED TO FOCUS ON MUCH WIDER ASPECTS OF SECURITY AND THE EMPLOYMENT OF A GREAT VARIETY OF MECHANISMS. DECISION-MAKING ON ALL SECURITY SUBJECTS REQUIRES APPROPRIATE CAPABILITIES, MEASURES, OBJECTIVES, ARRANGEMENTS, PROCEDURES AND AN ORGANIZATION. (CLICK) NATO HAS AT ITS DISPOSAL A COORDINATED MIX OF POLITICAL, DIPLOMATIC, ECONOMIC AND MILITARY MEASURES UNDER CLOSE POLITICAL CONTROL AND IN COOPERATION AND OFTEN COORDINATION WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (UN, OSCE, EU, NGO’s) AND LIKE MINDED NATIONS. IT IS WORTH EMPHASIZING THAT THE OBJECTIVES OF COLLECTIVE DEFENCE AND PRESERVATION OF PEACE AND SECURITY, ALSO CALLED “PROMOTING STABILITY”, ARE BY NO -10C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc MEANS EXCLUSIVELY MILITARY. THEY DO NOT EXPLICITLY ADDRESS A THREAT COMING FROM ANY PARTICULAR COUNTRY OR GROUPS OF COUNTRIES. THE ABILITY TO RESPOND QUICKLY AND EFFECTIVELY TO EVENTS AND IMPLEMENT MEASURES TO INFLUENCE PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS DECISIVELY IS ESSENTIAL. NATO IS, AS I SAID, A POLITICAL/MILITARY ORGANISATION WITH THE EMPHASIS ON POLITICAL, WITH AN INTEGRATED MILITARY STRUCTURE - INVOLVED IN A WIDE VARIETY OF ACTIVITIES. THE POLITICAL DIMENSION HAS EVOLVED CONSIDERABLY SINCE THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND THE POLITICAL/MILITARY CRISIS MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, KOSOVO, THE FYROM AND, MORE RECENTLY, IN AFGHANISTAN. -11C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) IT IS ESSENTIAL TO EMPHASISE THAT, IN TERMS OF THE ALLIANCE’S DECISION-MAKING PROCESS, NATO IS NOT A SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATION. IT IS AN INTER-GOVERNMENTAL ALLIANCE OF SOVEREIGN NATIONS, WHICH TAKE ALL DECISIONS ON BASIS OF CONSENSUS. THIS MEANS THAT IF THERE IS NO CONSENSUS, THERE IS NO COLLECTIVE NATO ACTION. (SLIDE 7) [NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL] WITH THE ADMISSION OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC, HUNGARY AND POLAND ON 12th APRIL 1999 NATO NOW CONSISTS OF 19 NATIONS. IN KEEPING WITH THE ALLIANCES “OPEN DOOR” POLICY, A FURTHER SEVEN COUNTRIES (BUL, EST, LAT, LITH, ROM, SLK, SVN) WERE INVITED TO JOIN NATO AT THE NOVEMBER 2002 SUMMIT IN PRAGUE. THEY ARE EXPECTED TO BECOME FULL MEMBERS IN THE SPRING OF THIS YEAR, AS SOON AS THE RATIFICATION PROCESS IS COMPLETED. THE DOOR TO ALLIANCE MEMBERSHIP WILL REMAIN AND I FULLY EXPECT FURTHER EXPANSION IN THE FUTURE. -12C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc THE HIGHEST POLITICAL DECISION-MAKING BODIES OF NATO ARE THE NAC, DPC AND THE NPG WHERE ALLIES CONVENE UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL OF NATO, MR. JAAP DE HOOP SCHEFFER. THE NAC IS THE HIGHEST POLITICAL AUTHORITY OF NATO AND HAS FULL POWERS OF COLLECTIVE DECISIONS. THE COUNCIL ALSO HAS AN IMPORTANT PUBLIC PROFILE AND ISSUES DECLARATIONS AND COMMUNIQUES EXPLAINING THE ALLIANCE’S POLICIES AND DECISIONS TO THE PUBLIC AND TO GOVERNMENTS OF COUNTRIES WHICH ARE NOT MEMBERS OF NATO. IN THIS CONTEXT, THE SECRETARY GENERAL, AS CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL, ALSO ACTS AS THE CHIEF SPOKESMAN OF THE ALLIANCE. (SLIDE 8) [NAC CONTINUED] (CLICK) THE NAC IS THE ONLY BODY WHICH DERIVES ITS AUTHORITY EXPLICITLY FROM THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY. IT HAS THE RESPONSIBILITY TO SET UP SUBSIDIARY AND SUPPORTING BODIES TO IMPLEMENT ITS DECISIONS. -13C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) ALL 19 MEMBER COUNTRIES HAVE AN EQUAL RIGHT TO EXPRESS THEIR VIEWS AROUND THE COUNCIL TABLE. THE ROUND TABLE IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER AT NATO HQ SYMBOLISES TO SOME EXTENT THE EQUAL RIGHT OF EACH PARTICIPANT. (CLICK) AS I NOTED EARLIER, DECISIONS OF THE COUNCIL ARE TAKEN BY CONSENSUS AND, AS SUCH, ARE THE EXPRESSION OF THE COLLECTIVE WILL OF MEMBER GOVERNMENTS. (CLICK) THE NAC CONCERNS ITSELF WITH POLITICAL AND POLITICALMILITARY SECURITY ISSUES. ITEMS DISCUSSED AND DECISIONS TAKEN COVER ALL ASPECTS OF THE ORGANISATION’S ACTIVITIES. THEY ARE FREQUENTLY BASED ON CONTRIBUTIONS BY ALLIES AND PARTNERS AS WELL AS ON REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS PREPARED BY SUBORDINATE COMITTEES AT THE COUNCIL’S REQUEST. (SLIDE 9) [NAC CONTINUED] -14C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) THE DPC CONCERNS ITSELF WITH DEFENCE POLICY AND PLANNING MATTERS AND WITH ISSUES RELATED TO THE INTEGRATED MILITARY STRUCTURE. IT ALSO PROVIDES GUIDANCE TO NATO’S MILITARY AUTHORITIES ON OPERATIONAL PLANNING. (CLICK) IN GENERAL IT FOCUSES ON THE DEFENCE CAPABILITY REQUIREMENTS OF THE ALLIANCE WHICH OF COURSE ARE PARTICULARLY RELEVANT IN TODAY’S SECURITY ENVIRONMENT. (CLICK) SINCE THE 1967 WITHDRAWAL OF FRANCE FROM THE NATO INTEGRATED MILITARY STRUCTURE, THE DPC DOES NOT INCLUDE FRANCE, BUT SHE IS FULLY INVOLVED IN MANY POLITICALMILITARY MATTERS SUCH AS PEACEKEEPING AND PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS. [THE NUCLEAR PLANNING GROUP] (CLICK) -15C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc THE NPG CONCERNS ITSELF WITH THE NUCLEAR COMPONENT OF NATO’S DEFENSIVE STRATEGY. HERE POLICY ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH ALLIANCE NUCLEAR FORCES ARE DISCUSSED. (CLICK) THE NPG ALSO CONSULTS WITHOUT FRANCE, WHICH MAINTAINS AN INDEPENDENT NUCLEAR CAPABILITY. (SLIDE 10) [NAC CONTINED] (CLICK) AS THE ALLIANCE’S HIGHEST DECISION MAKING BODY, THE NAC MEETS AT SEVERAL LEVELS: (CLICK) HOSG; THEY MEET APPROXIMATELY EVERY TWO YEARS. THE NEXT MEETING WILL TAKE PLACE IN TURKEY LATER THIS YEAR. HOSG MEET PRINCIPALLY TO PROVIDE POLITICAL AND STRATEGIC GUIDANCE WHICH SERVES TO DEFINE THE OBJECTIVES AND PRIORITIES OF THE ORGANISATION. IN 2004 THEY WILL ALSO WELCOME THE -16- C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc SEVEN NEW MEMBER COUNTRIES WHO WILL HAVE JOINED NATO BY THAT TIME. (CLICK) MINISTERS OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS; AT LEAST 2 TIMES A YEAR - SPRING AND AUTUMN. NORMALLY THE SPRING MEETING IS USUALLY HELD IN ONE OF THE NATO NATIONS: THE LAST ONE WAS HELD IN MADRID; THE NEXT MEETING, WILL BE HELD AT NATO HQ IN BRUSSELS. (CLICK) MINISTERS OF DEFENCE; THEY MEET 3 TIMES A YEAR. TWICE INFORMALLY USUALLY IN A NATO COUNTRY AND ONCE FORMALLY IN BRUSSELS. THE NEXT INFORMAL MEETING WILL BE IN OCTOBER OF 2004. (CLICK) LAST, BUT NOT LEAST, THE NAC MEETS ON A PERMANENT BASIS AT THE LEVEL OF AMBASSADORS, ALL OF WHOM HAVE BEEN ACCREDITED TO NATO BY THE NATIONAL AUTHORITIES OF THE MEMBERS COUNTRIES. -17C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc THEY MEET AS FREQUENTLY AS NECESSARY BUT AT LEAST 2 TIMES A WEEK, ONCE ON TUESDAYS FOR AN INFORMAL EXCHANGE OF VIEWS AND ONCE FORMALLY ON WEDNESDAYS, TO TAKE DECISIONS AS NECESSARY. - TUESDAY – LUNCH AT AN AMBASSADOR’S RESIDENCE. IT IS AN INFORMAL SETTING DESIGNED TO CREATE A MORE RELAXED ATMOSPHERE FOR EXCHANGE OF VIEWS AND BRAINSTORMING ON SELECTED TOPICS. FOR EXAMPLE IT COULD INCLUDE: - PREPARATION FOR THE FORMAL COUNCIL ON WEDNESDAYS SENSITIVE ISSUES WHICH COULD PROFIT FROM AN INFORMAL EXCHANGE OF VIEWS - PERSONNEL MATTERS NEW INITIATIVES NO DECISIONS ARE TAKEN AT THE INFORMAL LUNCHES - ISSUES TO BE DECIDED WILL BE ADDRESSED AT WEDNESDAY’S FORMAL NAC MEETING. - WEDNESDAY’S NAC – HAS A FORMAL AGENDA. IT COULD NORMALLY INCLUDE: -18- C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc - POLITICAL SUBJECTS ITEMS OF OPERATIONAL INTEREST TOPICS REQUIRED TO BE RAISED BY ANY ALLY ANY OTHER BUSINESS DECISION-MAKING TAKES PLACE THE GROWING COMPLEXITY OF THE POST COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT HAS HAD A DRAMATIC EFFECT ON THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSULTATIONS. THIS CAN BE JUDGED FROM THE INCREASE IN NUMBERS OF MEETINGS WHERE THE MEMBERS OF THE NAC PARTICIPATE. IN 1980'S – DURING COLD WAR - APPROX. 50 MEETINGS PER YEAR, INCLUDING MINISTERIAL MEETINGS. 1997 - 170 MEETINGS WHERE AMBASSADORS TOOK PART! SINCE THE YEAR 2000 - OVER 200 MEETINGS PER YEAR HAVE BECOME THE NORM. -19C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc WHEN WE ADD TO THIS THE ACTIVITIES OF NATO’S SUPPORTING COMMITTEE STRUCTURE, IT MIGHT INTEREST YOU TO KNOW THAT BETWEEN 5000 AND 6000 MEETINGS TAKE PLACE AT THE NATO HQ EACH YEAR. (SLIDE 11) [NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL CONTINUED] (CLICK) THE MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL ALSO MEET IN OTHER FORA FOR CONSULTATION WITH A VARIETY OF PARTICIPANTS: - EAPC (ONCE A MONTH) EAPC IN KFOR/SFOR/ISAF CONFIGURATION, (INCLUDING OTHER NON-NATO AND NON-PARTNER TROOP CONTRIBUTING NATIONS) NRC WITH RUSSIA (ONCE A MONTH) NUC (APPROX. 6 TIMES PER YEAR) 19+1 (ON REQUEST BY PARTNERS) ENHANCED DIALOGUE AND THE MEMBERSHIP ACTION PLAN (MAP) – WITH THE SEVEN INVITED COUNTRIES; DIALOGUE WITH THE SEVEN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES OF THE SEEI. -20C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc - MONTHLY WITH THE EU. (SLIDE 12) [DECISION MAKING BODIES] (CLICK) THIS SLIDE SUMMARIZES NATO’S DECISION-MAKING BODIES. YOU SHOULD KEEP IN MIND THAT EACH AMBASSADOR OR PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE REPRESENTS HIS WHOLE GOVERNMENT, BUT ESPECIALLY THE MFA AND MOD. ALL AMBASSADORS ARE SUPPORTED BY A NATIONAL DELEGATION STAFF AS IN AN EMBASSY. THEY ARE ACCREDITED TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL. ALL THEIR OFFICES AS WELL AS THOSE OF ACCREDITED EAPC PARTNER COUNTRIES, ARE LOCATED AT THE NATO HQ. AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF MEETINGS, 5000-6000 PER YEAR, NATIONAL REPRESENTATIVES INTERACT FREQUENTLY, FORMALLY AND INFORMALLY AT ALL LEVELS. THIS CO-LOCATION AND FREQUENT CONTACT IS PART OF THE STRENGTH OF THE ORGANISATION. IT BUILDS SPECIAL RELATIONSHIPS, BASED ON TRUST AND FRIENDSHIP. -21C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (SLIDE 13) (PRINCIPAL NATO COMMITTEES) (CLICK) THE NAC IS BEING SUPPORTED BY MANY COMMITTEES, GROUPS, SUB-GROUPS, WORKING GROUPS, AD HOC GROUPS AND OTHER ENTITIES - OVER 300 IN ALL. FOR THE POLITICAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESS, SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT COMMITTEES ARE: SENIOR DEFENCE POLITICAL REVIEW COMMITTEE, POLITICAL COMMITTEE, COMMITTEE, POLITICO-MILITARY STEERING COMMITTEE, MILITARY COMMITTEE. MORE AND MORE COMMITTEES ALSO MEET IN A 19+1, 19+7 (MEDITERRANEAN DIALOGUE) AND EAPC, KFOR, SFOR AND ISAF CONFIGURATIONS. ALSO THE NRC AND THE NUC ARE SETTING UP SUB-STRUCTURES. IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT THE SECRETARY GENERAL IS TITULAR CHAIRMAN OF A NUMBER OF POLICY COMMITTEES, WHICH ARE CHAIRED OR CO-CHAIRED ON A PERMANENT BASIS BY SENIOR -22C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc OFFICIALS OF THE INTERNATIONAL STAFF RESPONSIBLE FOR THE AREA CONCERNED. -23C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (SLIDE 14) (NAC/DPC FUNCTIONS) TO SUM UP, THE NAC HAS THREE DISTINCT FUNCTIONS WHICH ARE APPLICABLE ACROSS THE WHOLE SPECTRUM OF ALLIANCE DECISION-MAKING: (CLICK) (1) TO PROVIDE THE FOCAL POINT IN THE ALLIANCE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF INTELLIGENCE, INFORMATION AND OTHER DATA; (CLICK) (2) TO ACT AS A FORUM FOR CONSULTATION WHERE ALLIES CAN EXPRESS AND COMPARE THEIR VIEWS ON SECURITY ISSUES; (CLICK) (3) TO SERVE AS A FORUM TO HARMONISE VIEWS IN THE FORM OF COLLECTIVE DECISIONS ON MEASURES TO BE TAKEN. (SLIDE 15) (INTERNATIONAL STAFF) (CLICK) -24C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc THE SECRETARY GENERAL IS THE PERMANENT CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL, DPC, NPG, NRC, NUC AND EAPC AND HE IS THE HEAD OF THE INTERNATIONAL STAFF. REPRESENTATIVE OF THESE BODIES. I AM THE PERMANENT FROM A PROTOCOL PERSPECTIVE, HE MAY BE CONSIDERED TO BE EQUIVALENT TO A PRIME MINISTER. HE CHAIRS THE COUNCIL IN ALL CONFIGURATIONS. WHEN HE IS NOT AVAILABLE THE COUNCIL WILL BE CHAIRED BY THE DSG OR IN HIS ABSENCE BY THE DEAN OF THE COUNCIL (SENIOR NATIONAL PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE). IN THE COUNCIL, THE SECRETARY GENERAL IS PRIMUS INTER PARES, BUT HE HAS NO INDEPENDENT DECISION POWER. HE, HOWEVER, CAN BE MANDATED BY THE COUNCIL TO CARRY OUT CERTAIN TASKS ON BEHALF OF THE 19 NATIONS. FOR EXAMPLE, HE NEGOTIATED THE FOUNDING ACT WITH RUSSIA, THE TIMING DECISION WHEN TO COMMENCE THE KOSOVO AIR CAMPAIGN AND THE DECISION WHEN TO SUSPEND THESE OPERATIONS. -25C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc THEREFORE, HE NEEDS TO BE AN EXPERIENCED STATESMAN, PREFERABLY A FORMER MINISTER, IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO FACILITATE THE ALIANCE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS. MOST IMPORTANTLY, HE MUST HAVE THE ABILITY TO FORGE A CONSENSUS. NORMALLY THE SECRETARY GENERAL’S POST HAS BEEN OCCUPIED BY A FORMER MFA OR MOD. HE GENERALLY KNOWS ALL HOSG AND MINISTERS PERSONALLY AND THEREFORE IS AN INVALUABLE ASSET TO “GET THINGS DONE”, PARTICULARLY IN THE AGE OF TELEPHONE DIPLOMACY. THIS WAS OF ABSOLUTE NECESSITY DURING THE AIR CAMPAIGN IN KOSOVO AND IN DEALING WITH THE OTHER CRISES IN THE BALKANS. TO ASSIST HIM – THE SECRETARY GENERAL RELIES ON THE INTERNATIONAL STAFF WHICH CONSISTS OF 1150 MEMBERS - 380 AT THE LEVEL OF CIVILIAN STAFF OFFICERS AND SENIOR OFFICIALS. HE HAS A “PRIVATE OFFICE” OR “CABINET” UNDER HIS DIRECT CONTROL CONSISTING OF THE DEPUTY SECRETARY GENERAL AND 6 STAFF OFFICERS OF DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES. -26C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc THE SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL ASSISTS THE SECRETARY GENERAL IN HIS ROLE AS CHAIRMAN OF THE NAC AND OTHER FORA FOR WHICH HE HAS RESPONSIBILITY. THE TOP STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL STAFF IS AS FOLLOWS: SIX ASGs (GE, UK, US, SP, FR, PL), WITH RESPONSIBILITIES AS SHOWN ON THE SLIDE, AND THE DIRECTOR OF THE NATO OFFICE OF SECURITY. IN THIS CONTEXT, THE SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL WORKS UNDER THE OPERATIONAL DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL. TOGETHER WITH THE SECRETARY GENERAL, DEPUTY SECRETARY GENERAL AND DIRECTOR, INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STAFF. THEY FORM “BOARD OF DIRECTORS” OF NATO AND MEET FREQUENTLY TO PREPARE THE WORK AHEAD, PREPARE INITIATIVES FOR THE SECRETARY GENERAL, PROVIDE ADVICE AND RECEIVE GUIDANCE ON OUTSTANDING ISSUES. -27C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc THEY ARE THE PRIMARY ADVISORS OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL IN BOTH HIS CAPACITY AS CHAIRMAN OF THE NAC AND AS MANAGER OF THE INTERNATIONAL STAFF. THE INTERNATIONAL STAFF IS IMPORTANT IN THE DECISIONMAKING PROCESS. BY DEFINITION IMPARTIAL, THEY ARE ALL FROM THE 19 MEMBER NATIONS, PAID FOR BY 19 NATIONS COLLECTIVELY. THEY CHAIR A VAST MAJORITY OF NATO’SCOMMITTEES AND GROUPS. THEIR IMPARTIALITY IS STRENGTHENED BY THE FACT THAT THEY HAVE NO “VOTE” IN PROCESS. ((SLIDE 16) [INTERNATIONAL STAFF CONTINUED] (CLICK) THEY PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN FACILITATING CONSENSUS AMONG ALLIES, NAMELY THROUGH: (CLICK) DRAFTING COMMUNIQUES WHICH ARE THEN CONSIDERED BY ALLIES IN COMMITTEES. -28C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) PREPARING POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE SECRETARY GENERAL. (CLICK) DRAFTING DOCUMENTS. - (IT IS WORTHWHILE TO NOTE THAT OVER 90% OF ALL DOCUMENTS IN NATO ARE ORIGINATED BY THE IS, ON THE POLITICAL SIDE, AND BY THE IMS, ON THE MILITARY SIDE). (CLICK) CHAIRING COUNCIL COMMITTEES AND OTHER BODIES, AND HELPING TO BUILD CONSENSUS BY BRIDGING ANY DIFFERENCES THAT MAY EXIST. (CLICK) TAKING FOLLOW UP ACTION TO IMPLEMENT DECISIONS. (CLICK) -29C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc - PROVIDING DECISION IN SHEETS AND AND IN SUMMARIES ITS OF DISCUSSIONS COMMITTEES. COUNCIL SUPPORTING (CLICK) MANAGING CERTAIN ACTIVITIES SUCH AS NEGOTIATIONS WITH INDIVIDUAL NATIONS TO PREPARE DECISIONS, FORGE CONSENSUS, OVERCOME DIFFERENCES. THEY ALSO MEET WITH PARTNERS TO PREPARE THEIR MEETINGS IN THE 19+1 AND 19+X FOR A. NRC CONTEXT THIS IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT IN THE AND IN THE MAP PROCESS. (CLICK) THEY ARE THE HEART OF THE DEFENCE PLANNING PROCESS. TO SUMMARISE, THE IS AND THE IMS PROVIDE STAFF SUPPORT AND SUSTAIN THE MACHINERY FOR CONSULTATIONS AND DECISION-MAKING. (SLIDE 17) [ROLE OF THE MILITARY COMMITTEE] -30C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc THE MC IS SPECIAL. IT CONSISTS OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE CHODs OF MEMBER COUNTRIES – INCLUDING FRANCE. (CLICK) ITS PRIMARY ROLE IS TO PROVIDE MILITARY ADVICE TO NAC. (CLICK) DEVELOPS MILITARY PLANS ON REQUEST BY NAC. (CLICK) TRANSLATES NAC DECISIONS INTO OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR THE STRATEGIC COMMANDERS. -31C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) MC IS NOT A MILITARY COMMAND HQ. FUNCTIONS. IT HAS NO COMMAND NATIONAL MILITARY REPRESENTATIVES AT NATO HQ MEET ONCE A WEEK. CHODS MEET THREE TIMES A YEAR. THE MC ALSO MEETS IN NRC, EAPC, AND OTHER CONFIGURATIONS. THE CMC REPRESENTS MC IN THE COUNCIL WHERE HE HAS A PERMANENT SEAT AT THE TABLE. ALLIED MILREPS HAVE THEIR STAFF AT NATO HQ, SOME COLLOCATED, DELEGATIONS. SOME INTEGRATED IN THEIR PERMANENT THE CHAIRMAN, MILITARY COMMITTEE, MEETS AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK WITH THE SECRETARY GENERAL IN HIS CAPACITY AS THE PRIMARY MILITARY ADVISOR. HE IS NORMALLY CHOSEN AT AN MC IN CHOD SESSION FROM AMONG THE SERVING CHODS. -32C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (SLIDE 18) [THE INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STAFF] (CLICK) THE INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STAFF SUPPORTS THE MILITARY COMMITTEE. THE DIRECTOR OF THE INTERNATIONAL MILITARY STAFF ACTS AS CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE CMC AND COORDINATES THE WORK OF THE STAFF. (INTELLIGENCE, PLANS THE IMS CONSISTS OF 5 DIVISIONS POLICY, COOPERATION AND AND REGIONAL SECURITY, OPERATIONS, LOGISTICS AND ARMAMENTS AND RESOURCES AND THE CAPABILITIES COORDINATION CELL). (SLIDE 19) [THE STRATEGIC COMMANDERS] (CLICK) FOLLOWING THE STREAMLINING OF NATO’S MILITARY COMMAND ARRANGEMENTS, MANDATED BY THE 2002 PRAGUE SUMMIT IN ORDER TO PROVIDE A MORE EFFECTIVE AND DEPLOYABLE COMMAND STRUCTURE CONSISTENT WITH THE TRANSFORMATION OF NATO’S MILITARY CAPABILITIES, TWO SPECIFIC STRATEGIC COMMANDS WERE DISIGNATED. -33C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) AC OPERATIONS, LOCATED AT MONS, BELGIUM REPLACED AC EUROPE AND, (CLICK) AC TRANSFORMATION REPLACED ACLANT IN NORFOLK, VIRGINIA. -34C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc THE STRATEGIC COMMANDER FOR OPERATIONS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PREPARATION AND CONDUCT OF ALL NATO MILITARY OPERATIONS, TO INCLUDE ROUTINE OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND OTHER NON-OPERATIONAL TASKS AS APPROPRIATE (INCLUDING ACTIVITIES WITH PARTNERS AND MEDITERRANEAN DIALOGUE COUNTRIES). AS PART OF THE VISIBLE MAINTENANCE OF THE TRANSATLANTIC LINK, COMMANDER U.S. EUROPEAN COMMAND (USEUCOM) WILL BE DUAL-HATTED AS THE SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER EUROPE (SACEUR) FOR ALLIED COMMAND OPERATIONS (ACO). THE STRATEGIC COMMANDER FOR OPERATIONS WILL ALSO CO-ORDINATE INTER-REGIONAL AND MULTINATIONAL DESIGNATION SUPPORT OF AND THE REINFORCEMENT AND SUPPORTED/SUPPORTING COMMANDS, INCLUDING ISSUING STRATEGIC MILITARY GUIDANCE TO THE OPERATIONAL LEVEL OF COMMAND. THE STRATEGIC COMMANDER FOR TRANSFORMATION WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE ALLIANCE’S MILITARY CAPABILITIES SO THAT ALLIED FORCES ARE DEPLOYABLE, SUSTAINABLE, AND ABLE TO CONDUCT JOINT OPERATIONS ACROSS THE FULL SPECTRUM OF ALLIANCE MISSIONS. -35C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) THEY CAN, ON REQUEST BY THE NAC, BE INVITED TO MEET WITH THE NAC IN ORDER TO PROVIDE DIRECT OPERATIONAL MILITARY ADVICE TO THE COUNCIL. (CLICK) NORMALLY, WHEN THERE IS NO TIME PRESSURE, THE PLANS OF THE STRATEGIC COMMANDERS GO FIRST TO THE MC AND THEN, WITH THE CONSENT OF THE ALLIED MILITARY AUTHORITIES IN CAPITALS, FROM THE MC TO THE NAC. LET US NOW LOOK AT THE MACHINERY WHICH, FROM A TECHNICAL POINT OF VIEW, FACILITATES THE NATO DECISIONMAKING PROCESS: (SLIDE) 20) [NATO HEADQUARTERS FACILITIES] (CLICK) NATO HQ CONSISTS OF: CONFERENCE CENTRE, COMMON AREAS (RESTAURANTS, BARS, COFFEE SHOP, INFORMATION AND PRESS AREAS), STAFF CENTRE, OFFICE BUILDING. -36C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc THE CONFERENCE CENTRE CONSISTING OF 20 CONFERENCE ROOMS SERVING THE 5500-6000 MEETINGS A YEAR I MENTIONED EARLIER. THE NUMBER HAS GROWN OVER THE YEARS - I.E. THROUGH PFP AND PARTNER PARTICIPATION THROUGH EAPC, MAP PROCESS, 19+1, NRC, NUC AT DIFFERENT LEVELS. THE NATO BUILDING, A TEMPORARY STRUCTURE BUILT IN 1966/67, IS STARTING TO DETERIORATE AND IS NOT DESIGNED TO ADAPT TO THE NEW NATO ORGANISATION AND WORKING METHODS. AT THE SUMMIT IN WASHINGTON (APRIL 1999), NATO’S HOSG DECIDED THAT A NEW NATO HQ WILL BE CONSTRUCTED IN BRUSSELS. WORK IS IN PROGRESS TOWARD THAT END. THE NEW HQ BUILDING SHOULD BE READY FOR OCCUPATION IN 2011. (SLIDE 21) [NATO COMMUNICATIONS] (CLICK) IN A CONSULTATION ENVIRONMENT REQUIRIG RAPID RESPONSES FROM CAPITALS AND THE NATO MILITARY AUTHORITIES, IT COMMUNICATION SUPPORT IS ANSOLUTELY INDISPENSABLE. SHOULD BE FAST, SECURE AND RELIABLE. -37C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc THE NATO HQ COMCEN – UPGRADED OVER THE YEARS – LINKS NATO HQ, ALL CAPITALS AND SCs VIA A DEDICATED SYSTEM. (CLICK) SUPPORTED BY NATO AND NATIONAL SATELLITES -38C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) INTERNALLY, THE IS AND IMS ARE LINKED BY MEANS OF THE NATO IN-HOUSE COMPUTER SYSTEM, MINERVA, WHICH HAS BEEN CONNECTED TO ALL DELEGATIONS AND STRATEGIC COMMANDS. IN FUTURE IT WILL BE LINKED DIRECTLY TO CAPITALS. THERE IS A SEPARATE SYSTEM LINKING THE EAPC COMMUNITY. (CLICK) A DEDICATED NETWORK LINKS CIVIL AND MILITARY USERS THROUGHOUT THE ALLIANCE PROVIDING SECURE AND NONSECURE VOICE COMMUNICATION (TELEPHONE). NATO IS ALSO A MAJOR USER OF COMMERCIAL COMMUNICATIONS SUCH AS TELEPHONE (INCLUDING GSM), FAX, INTRANET, INTERNET, DATA COMMUNICATIONS, E-MAIL, ETC. AS YOU CERTAINLY KNOW, IT ALSO HAS ITS OWN WEBSITE – WWW.NATO.INT -39C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) EACH DELEGATION HAS ITS OWN MEANS OF COMMUNICATIONS WITH CAPITALS TYING IN WITH THEIR OWN DIPLOMATIC AND MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK. SMALLER COUNTRIES DELEGATIONS RELY ON NATO HQ COMMUNICATIONS. (SLIDE 22) [NATO SITUATION CENTRE] (CLICK) A SECOND KEY SUPPORTING FACILITY IS THE NATO SITUATION CENTRE (SITCEN) WHICH PROVIDES FOR THE RECEIPT, EXCHANGE AND DISSEMINATION OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE AND INFORMATION (CLICK) IT ASSURES A SEVEN-DAY, 24-HOUR POINT OF CONTACT AT NATO HQ. (CLICK) -40C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc IN ADDITION, THE SITCEN ON FURNISHES SHORT FACILITIES FOR SPECIALISED BRIEFINGS NOTICE, INCLUDING CONFERENCE ROOMS AND OFFICES. (SLIDE 23) [CONSENSUS DECISION-MAKING] LET ME NOW TURN TO THE ISSUE OF NATO DECISION-MAKING. IT SHOULD BE CLEAR TO YOU BY NOW THAT THE KEY TO ALLIANCE DECISION-MAKING LIES IN THE WORD “CONSENSUS”. EVERY MEMBER, FROM THE SMALLEST TO THE LARGEST MUST AGREE. ALL NATIONS HAVE BUT ONE VOICE AND ONE VOTE. (CLICK) THEREFORE ALLIANCE DECISION-MAKING IS COMPLICATED (CLICK) AND CAN BE TIME CONSUMING. -41C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) IT IS COMPLICATED BY THE NATURE OF THE DIFFERENCES IN DEMOCRATIC SYSTEMS WITHIN ALLIANCE COUNTRIES, THERE ARE DIFFERENCES IN DEMOCRATIC CONTROL AND NATIONAL DECISION-MAKING PROCEDURES RELATIONS ON SECURITY ALSO BE ISSUES. QUITE EXECUTIVE/LEGISLATIVE CAN DIFFERENT IN THE VARIOUS ALLIED COUNTRIES. (CLICK) ALL NATO DELEGATIONS ARE ACTING ON INSTRUCTIONS FROM THEIR CAPITALS. THEREFORE, THE PROCESS OF REPORTING ON THE STATE OF CONSULTATIONS AT NATO HQ AND RECEIVING INSTRUCTION FROM CAPITALS, ADDS AN ADDITIONAL ELEMENT OF TIME: - INSTRUCTIONS HAVE TO BE SOUGHT FROM CAPITALS. - RECEIVED IN DELEGATIONS. USED IN MEETINGS. -42C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc - DELEGATIONS WILL REPORT ON VIEWS OF OTHER DELEGATIONS - CAPITALS WILL TAKE THEM INTO ACCOUNT FOR NEW INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE NEXT ROUND OF CONSULTATIONS. - FREQUENTLY INSTRUCTIONS MUST BE SOUGHT AGAIN IF THE SITUATION OR DOCUMENT IN QUESTION CHANGES. - AND SO ON THROUGH A NUMBER OF ITERATIONS UNTIL CONSENSUS IS REACHED. (CLICK) IT IS AGAIN COMPLICATED BECAUSE SECURITY ISSUES ARE BY DEFINITION VERY IMPORTANT. THE SECURITY OF INDIVIDUAL NATIONS AS PART OF THE SECURITY OF THE WHOLE EUROATLANTIC AREA AND BEYOND IS INVOLVED. (CLICK) IT IS FURTHER COMPLICATED BECAUSE 19 DEMOCRATIC ALLIES ESPOUSING THE SAME DEMOCRATIC VALUES HAVE DIFFERENT HISTORIES, TRADITIONS, WORK CULTURES, SIZES, CAPABILITIES, -43C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc SOCIAL BACKGROUNDS, CULTURES AND THEY ALL HAVE DIFFERENT NEIGHBOURS. (CLICK) AGAIN IT IS COMPLICATED BECAUSE NATO MORE THAN EVER BEFORE INTERACTS WITH ALL KINDS OF OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS (UN, OSCE, EU, WEU, NGO’s, IRC, INTERNATIONAL WAR TRIBUNAL). (CLICK) DIFFERENT ALLIES HAVE DIFFERENT AMOUNTS AND KINDS OF INFORMATION FREQUENTLY AVAILABLE DIFFERENT TO THEM AND ABOUT THEREFORE WHAT IS PERCEPTIONS HAPPENING AND WHAT IT MEANS. (SLIDE 24) (WAYS TO ACCELERATE PROCESS) (CLICK) THERE ARE A NUMBER OF WAYS TO ACCELERATE THE PROCESS: -44C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) ALLIES WILL HAVE TO MAKE AVAILABLE AND SHARE ALL INFORMATION AND INTELLIGENCE TO FACILITATE TAKING RELEVANT DECISIONS (NATO HAS NO INTELLIGENCE OR INFORMATION GATHERING CAPABILITY OF ITS OWN). (CLICK) ALL INFORMATION COMING FROM NATIONS NEEDS TO BE DISTRIBUTED TO ALL PLAYERS AT NATO HQ AND CAPITALS AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE; NATO SITCEN AND ITS INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO DO THIS. - KNOWING THE VIEW OF OTHER ALLIES CAN HELP THE RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF DOCUMENTS AND PROPOSALS WHICH FORM THE BASIS FOR AGREEMENT. THIS CAN BE DISTRIIBUTED IN THE FORM OF MESSAGES, DEMARCHES OR IN MEETINGS. -45C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) TABLE A PROPOSAL. ONE OF THE WELL KNOWN SECRETS OF DIPLOMATIC LIFE IS THAT THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IS ADVANCED WHEN THERE IS A CONCRETE WRITTEN PROPOSAL ON THE TABLE TO REACT TO. - SOMETIMES PAPERS AND IDEAS ARE ORIGINATED BY A DELEGATION BUT MOST OF THE TIME, BY THE INTERNATIONAL STAFF WORKING WITH ONE OR MORE DELEGATIONS. THE USE OF A BRAINSTORMING MODE IS USEFUL AT TIMES. - AVOID GETTING INTO MORE DETAIL THAN IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY. (CLICK) HAVE A GOOD CHAIRMAN. A CREATIVE AND EXPERIENCED CHAIRMAN CAN GREATLY ACCELERATE THE DECISIONMAKING PROCESS BY: - LEADING THE DISCUSSION -46- C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc - DEFINING THE ISSUES - BUILDING BRIDGES OVER AREAS OF DISAGREEMENT THROUGH CREATIVE DRAFTING AND PERSUASION, THROUGH THE USE OF FOOTNOTES OR AGREEMENT BY “NOT STANDING IN THE WAY OF CONSENSUS” OR “GOING ALONG WITH THE EMERGING CONSENSUS” - KNOWING WHEN TO SEIZE AN AGREEMENT THAT IS RIPE FOR DECISION. (CLICK) THE KEY REQUIREMENT FOR CONSENSUS BUILDING IS THE WILLINGNESS TO COMPROMISE. ALL THESE LOGICAL WAYS AND REASONS FOR HOW AND WHY TO FORGE CONSENSUS ARE NOT ONLY APPLICABLE TO NATO. ALL NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS HAVE THEIR CONSULTATION AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES, BUT NOT ALL HAVE DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES BY MEANS OF CONSENSUS. -47C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (SLIDE 25) [CONSENSUS DECISION MAKING CONTINUED] (CLICK) IS NATO ESPECIALLY SUCCESSFUL? IF THE ANSWER IS YES, AND I BELIEVE THAT IT IS, WHY IS THAT SO? THERE ARE A MYRIAD OF REASONS, SOME OF WHICH I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT. (CLICK) FIRST OF COURSE IT IS OUR COMMON RECENT HISTORY, BACKGROUND, EXPERIENCES. TWO WORLD WARS IN ONE CENTURY WITH ENORMOUS DEVASTATION AND HUMAN SUFFERING. PEOPLE WHO LIVED THROUGH BOTH OF THEM ARE STILL ALIVE – FOR MOST OF THEM, IT IS ENOUGH TO SAY “NEVER AGAIN”. I CERTAINLY DO NOT NEED TO REMIND YOU OF THAT SENTIMENT HERE IN UKRAINE. AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR, THE WESTERN EUROPEAN NATIONS, THE US AND CANADA DECIDED TO FORGE A MUTUAL -48C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc ASSISTANCE PACT WHICH BECAME THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION. (CLICK) THE EMERGENCE AND THE CONSISTENT THREAT BY THE SOVIET UNION FOR MORE THAN 50 YEARS BECAME THE CEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION AND BONDED NATIONS SO STRONGLY TOGETHER THAT EVEN AFTER THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND THE DISINTEGRATION OF THE SOVIET UNION, NATIONS DID NOT EVEN WANT TO DISCUSS DISMANTLEMENT OF NATO. (CLICK) NATIONS STILL FEEL THAT NATO IS WORTHWHILE AND NECESSARY (ESPECIALLY THE NEW MEMBERS AND ASPIRING NATIONS). COMMON DEFENCE IS STILL AS HIGHLY VALUED AS EVER. REMAINS BEING A MEMBER OF A DEFENSIVE ORGANISATION VERY ATTRACTIVE, PARTICULARLY WHEN ONE CONTEMPLATES THE ALTERNATIVES. EVEN RUSSIA FINALLY STOPPED ARGUING FOR THE DISINTEGRATION OF NATO WHILE AT THE SAME TIME PROMOTING -49C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc OTHER PAN-EUROPEAN SECURITY STRUCTURES SUCH AS THE OSCE. MORE RECENTLY PRESIDENT PUTIN STATED TO THE SECRETARY GENERAL AND THE WORLD THAT “RUSSIA BELONGS TO THE WEST”. ALTHOUGH THE RUSSIANS HAVE ARGUED STRENUOUSLY AGAINST NATO ENLARGEMENT, MORE AND MORE RUSSIANS REALISE THAT THERE IS NO ALTERNATIVE AND THEY ARE WELL SERVED BY A STABLE AND NON-THREATENING SECURITY ORGANISATION TO THEIR WESTERN BORDERS. THEY ARE NOW CONCENTRATING ON DEEPENING THE SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP WITH NATO THROUGH THE NATO-RUSSIA COUNCIL AND ON IDENTIFYING SUBJECTS FOR COMMON DECISION-MAKING. -50C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) WHEN YOU DECIDE TO KEEP AN ORGANISATION YOU MUST KEEP IT RELEVANT. THEREFORE NATO IS CHANGING AND ADAPTING CONTINUOUSLY TO THE NEW SITUATION. IT HAS ENLARGED AND WILL ENLARGE EVEN MORE LATER THIS YEAR. ITS DOOR WILL REMAIN OPEN. (CLICK) IT WILL CONTINUE TO PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN THE BALKANS AND INCREASINGLY IN AFGHANISTAN. IT WILL CONTINUE TO DEEPEN ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH PARTNERS AND PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA. (CLICK) THE SUMMIT INVITED SEVEN COUNTRIES TO JOIN THE ALLIANCE. THE MEMBERSHIP ACTION PLAN (MAP) PLAYED A MAJOR ROLE IN PREPARING THEM FOR THIS ISTORIC STEP. -51C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) IT WILL CONTINUE TO STRENGTHEN AND ADAPT ITS SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP WITH RUSSIA AND UKRAINE. IT IS DEEPENING ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS THE EU, UN, OSCE, COUNCIL OF EUROPE, ETC. AND CONTINUES TO STRIVE FOR ONE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY STRUCTURE FROM VANCOUVER TO VLADIVOSTOK. ALL THE ELEMENTS OF: ABSENCE OF IMMEDIATE THREAT – ENLARGEMENT, RELATIONSHIP WITH RUSSIA AND UKRAINE, PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE, BALANCE IN THE TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONSHIP AND ESDI - HAVE AN IMPACT BOTH ON SOLIDARITY AND CONSENSUS DECISION-MAKING. THERE IS A DIFFERENCE IN SECURITY FEELING AMONG THE DIFFERENT NATO NATIONS. MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES ARE PROMOTING THE MEDITERRANEAN NORTH-SOUTH DIALOGUE) AND SEVEN MORE CENTRAL EUROPEAN STATES ARE ABOUT TO REALIZE THEIR DREAM OF JOINING NATO. THEY SEEK STABILITY -52C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc AND ARE COMMITTED TO CONTRIBUTING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF THE WASHINGTON TREATY. (CLICK) THE DEVELOPMENTS IN EUROPE, THE ASPIRATIONS BY THE EU TO BUILD ITS OWN SECURITY AND DEFENCE STRUCTURES IS A POLITICALLY LOGICAL PROCESS. IT SHOULD STRENGTHEN EUROPE AS WELL AS THE TRANSATLANTIC LINK BETWEEN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA AND LAY THE FOUNDATION FOR A STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THESE TWO ORGANISATIONS. WITHOUT THE CONTINUING COMMITMENT OF THE US, THE TRANSATLANTIC LINK WOULD BE SERIOUSLY UNDERMINED AND NATO’S ROLE AS THE PRIMARY SECURITY ORGANIZATION IN THE EUROPE-ATLANTIC AREA COULD BE CALLED INTO QUESTION. SUCH A SITUATION WOULD CLEARLY NOT BE IN THE INTEREST OF EITHER SIDE OF THE ATLANTIC. -53C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) NATO IS, TOGETHER WITH THE EU, WORKING OUT THE DETAILS OF THEIR FUTURE RELATIONSHIP AND I FULLY EXPECT THAT OUR JOINT EFFORT TO MANAGE THE 21ST CENTURY SECURITY CHALLENGES WILL BE SUBSTANTIALLY ENHANCED BY THESE EFFORTS. (CLICK) SINCE THE EVENTS OF 11 SEPTEMBER 2001, THE WORLD HAS CHANGED AND A NEW ENEMY IN THE FORM OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM AND THE PROLIFERATION OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION (WMD) HAS EMERGED. NATO IS WORKING TOGETHER WITH ALLIES AND PARTNERS IN DEVISING MEASURES AND COMMON ACTIONS TO COUNTER THESE THREATS TO INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY. -54C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (SLIDE 26) [CONSENSUS DECISION MAKING] (CLICK) WHY KEEP IT? (CLICK) THROUGHOUT THE YEARS, CONSENSUS AND POLITICAL CONSULTATION RIGHTS EXERCISED BY EACH NATO MEMBER NATION HAVE PROVIDED THE CONFIDENCE THAT EACH COUNTRY WOULD HAVE A VOICE IN DEFENDING ITS INTERESTS - AND IT BUILT TRUST AMONG ALLIES THAT THIS CONFIDENCE WILL NOT BE VIOLATED IN A CRISIS. ONLY CONSENSUS-BUILDING THROUGH OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND FRANK DISCUSSIONS CAN SUPPORT THE FUNDAMENTAL WILL AND COMMITMENT OF EACH INDEPENDENT MEMBER STATE TO COMPROMISE AND COOPERATE. (CLICK) NO ONE SHOULD BE EXCLUDED FROM THIS PROCESS. FOR ALL ITS FAULTS – LENGHTY POLITICAL CONSULTATIONS – UNWIELDLY PROCESSES, AND COMPROMISE DECISIONS – THE -55C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc CONSENSUS PROCESS IS STILL THE BEST TOOL FOR COLLECTIVE ACTION AGAINST A COMMON THREAT. (CLICK) MEMBER COUNTRIES HAVE TO ENSURE THAT THEIR VITAL INTERESTS ARE MET AND FINALLY…. (CLICK) ONCE CONSENSUS HAS BEEN REACHED, THERE MUST BE COMMON SHARING OF THE RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE DECISIONS AND THE ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN. SO HOW DO WE KEEP IT WORKING WITH MORE MEMBERS – THE ANSWER IS BASICALLY THE SAME WAY AS FOR 19 MEMBERS. THE SAME UNWRITTEN RULES APPLY. -56C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) MAIN CHARACTERISTICS (CLICK) THERE MUST BE A WILLINGNESS TO FORGE CONSENSUS THEREBY WHEN NOT REACHING IT - THERE WILL BE A SENSE OF FAILURE WITH EVERYONE.THROUGH A COMMON DESIRE TO AVOID FAILURE, ONE DEVELOPS THE WILLINGNESS TO CONTINUE THE PROCESS AND “GET IT RIGHT” AND FIND SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS. SOMETIMES BY SETTING DEADLINES BUT ALWAYS BY THE ACTIVE USE OF DIPLOMACY. IN THIS CONTEXT, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT ALL NATO AMBASSADORS AND NATIONAL MILREPS (SENIOR, EXPERIENCED, SEASONED INDIVIDUALS) AND THEIR STAFFS ARE IN ONE LOCATION; IN THE SAME BUILDING. - THEY SEE EACH OTHER EVERY DAY. THEY WORK TOGETHER IN NAC AND COMMITTEES. THEY STRIKE UP PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND FRIENDSHIPS. -57C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc CONSULTATION DOES NOT ONLY TAKE PLACE IN COUNCIL OR COMMITTEES BUT A LOT OF IT IS BILATERAL, IN THE CORRIDORS, OVER LUNCHES AND DINNERS! ALL OF THIS CONTRIBUTES TO A SENSE OF COMMON PURPOSE IN REACHING A SUCCESSFUL OUTCOME. CAPITALS ALSO INTERACT MORE EASILY NOW THAN BEFORE. MINISTERS MEET IN DIFFERENT FORA ON SIMILAR ISSUES - EU, G8, WEU, OSCE, UN. THE MARGINS OF THESE MEETINGS ARE BECOMING MORE IMPORTANT AND ARE EXTENSIVELY USED FOR BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL MEETINGS TO CONSULT ON MATTERS OF OTHER FORA. THESE FREQUENT MEETINGS MAKE IT POSSIBLE THAT HOSG, MINISTERS, SENIOR DIPLOMATS AND MILITARY OFFICIALS GET TO KNOW EACH OTHER BETTER ON A PERSONAL LEVEL AND THAT HELPS TO BUILD TRUST IN THEIR OFFICIAL RELATIONS. IN THIS RESPECT, DO NOT UNDERESTIMATE THE ROLE OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL. HE IS AN ACTIVE PLAYER ON THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY STAGE. HE ATTENDS RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS, KNOWS MOST HOSG AND MINISTERS -58C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc PERSONALLY AND IS THEREFORE AN INFLUENTIAL CONTRIBUTOR TO THE CONSENSUS BUILDING PROCESS. (CLICK OFF) FOR ALL THESE REASONS, I AM CONFIDENT THAT NATO WILL CONTINUE TO MAKE THE CONSENSUS DECISION-MAKING PROCESS WORK, EVEN AFTER FURTHER ENLARGEMENT LATER THIS YEAR. WE HAVE MADE IT WORK FOR THE PAST 55 YEARS AND FOR SOME OF THE MOST DIFFICULT CRISES IN THE BALKANS, IN SPITE OF ITS IMPERFECTIONS. WHILE SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS ARE A HIGH PRIORITY IN OUR ONGOING TRANSFORMATION PROCESS, I SEE NO CONCRETE DESIRE ON THE PART OF ANY ALLY TO ABANDON IT NOW. [CONCLUSION] LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, I HOPE MY PRESENTATION HAS GIVEN YOU SOME INSIGHT INTO NATO’S ORGANISATION AND WORKING METHODS AND I AM NOW PREPARED TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS. THANK YOU. -59C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc (CLICK) [QUESTIONS] -60C:\My Documents\HQtmp\download\kiev04\NATO Organisation and Working Methods.doc