From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Spanish Renaissance
Spanish Renaissance
• The publication of the first grammar of a vernacular
European language, the Gramática (Grammar) by
Antonio de Nebrija.
Historic antecedents
Renaissance
Topics
Architecture
Dance
Literature
Music
Painting
Philosophy
Science
Technology
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Spain
This article is about the Spanish Renaissance of the
15th-16th centuries.
See Renaissance of the 12th century for the earlier
Renaissance in Spain.
The Spanish Renaissance refers to a movement in Spain,
emerging from the Italian Renaissance in Italy during
the 14th century, that spread to Spain during the 15th
and 16th centuries. The year 1492 is commonly accepted
as the beginning of the influence of the Renaissance in
Spain.
This new focus in art, literature and science, inspired
by Classical antiquity and especially the Greco-Roman
tradition, receives the transcendental impulse in this Image of Isabella I of Castile in the Rimado de la Conquista de
Granada
year by various successive historical events:
• Unification of the longed-for Christian kingdom with
the definitive taking of Granada, last city of Islamic The beginning of the Renaissance in Spain is closely
Spain and the successive expulsions of thousands of linked to the historical-political life of the monarchy of
Muslim and Jewish believers, the Catholic Monarchs. Its figures are the first to leave
• The official discovery of the western hemisphere, the the medieval approaches that secured a feudal scheme
Americas, of weak monarch over a powerful and restless nobility.
The Catholic Monarchs unite the forces of the incipient
state and ally with the principal families of the nobility
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Spanish Renaissance
to maintain their power. One of these families, the Men-
doza, use the new style like distinction of its clan and, by
extension, of the protection of the monarchy.
Little by little, the novel esthetic was introduced into
the rest of the court and the clergy, mixing with purely
Iberian styles, like the Nasrid art of the dying kingdom
of Granada, the exalted and personal Gothic Castilian
queen, and the Flemish tendencies in the official painting
of the court and the Church. The assimilation of elements
gave way to a personal interpretation of the orthodox Re-
naissance, which came to be called Plateresque. There-
fore, secondary artists were brought in from Italy, ap-
prentices were sent to the Italian shops, they brought de-
signs, architectural plans, books and engravings, paintin-
gs, etc., of which portraits, themes and composition were
copied.
King Charles I was more predisposed to the new art,
paradoxically called the old way, remitted to the Classical
antiquity. His direct patronage achieved some of the
most beautiful works of the special and unique Spanish
Renaissance style: the patronage of Almazan de Covarru-
bias, his commissions for Titian, who never agreed to re-
locate to Spain. Painters of great quality were, far from
the courtier nucleus, Pedro Berruguete, Juan de Juanes,
Paolo da San Leocadio, of whom the delicate Virgin of the
Caballero de Montesa is highlighted, Yáñez de la Almazan
and Gerardo de los Llanos.
The painting of the Spanish Renaissance is normally
completed in oil. It realizes interiors perfectly subject to
the laws of perspective, without over-emphasis of the Vida del Lazarillo de Tormes, de sus fortunas y adversidades
people. The figures are all of the same size and anatomi- published in 1554. Front page.
cally correct.
The colors and the shading are applied in tonal • Diego Hurtado de Mendoza
ranges, according to the Italian teachings. To accentuate • Juan Latino, born Juan de Sessa, poet and humanist.
the Italian style, in addition, it is common to add ele- • Alonso de Santa Cruz
ments directly copied from it, like the adornments a can- • Francisco de la Torre
delieri (borders of vegetables and cupids that surround • Juan de Valdés
the frames), or Roman ruins in the countrysides, includ- • Anonymous writers of the Romancero and of the
ing in scenes of the life of Christ. Masterpiece of picaresque literature Vida de Lazarillo
de Tormes
Literature
Main article: Spanish Renaissance literature
Painting and Sculpture
• Jorge Manrique author of the Coplarouas por la muerte
de su padre
Featured artists
• Garcilaso de la Vega, poet. • Titian
• San Juan de la Cruz and • Pedro Berruguete
• Santa Teresa de Jesús, mystic poets . • Alonso Berruguete
• Fernando de Rojas, author of La Celestina • Luis de Morales
• Fray Luis de León • Juan de Flandes
• Juan Boscán • Alonso Sánchez Coello
• Ausiàs March • Fernando Gallego
• Alonso de Ercilla, author of La Araucana • Bartolomé González y Serrano
• Lope de Rueda GA
• Fray Luis de Granada
• Marqués de Santillana
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Spanish Renaissance
The Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo del Escorial, by Herrera
and Juan Bautista de Toledo
Music
• Arpa de dos ordenes (Spanish cross-strung harp)
• Juan de Anchieta
• Antonio de Cabezón (organist)
• Juan del Encina (also poet and playwright)
• Bartolomé de Escobedo
• Juan de Esquivel Barahona
• Juan Pérez de Gijón
Salome with the Baptist’s Head, by Berruguete. • Francisco Guerrero
• Mateo Flecha
Famous paintings • Alonso Lobo
• Virgin of the Milk or Virgin with Child (Luis de Morales). • Luis de Milán (vihuelist)
The theme represented is very old, within the Christian • Cristóbal de Morales
iconography: the Virgin Mary feeding Baby Jesus. • Alonso Mudarra
Nevertheless, in the case of this work, the chest is • Juan Navarro
not viewed directly, instead the mother and son look at • Diego Ortiz
each other in one of the most intimistas images of the • Francisco de Peñalosa
16th century. The purpose is clearly religious, exalting • Joan Pau Pujol
the sentiment of maternal love. • Melchior Robles
• Francisco de Salinas (theorist)
• Tomás de Santa María
• Francisco de la Torre
• Juan de Triana
• Juan Vásquez
Court of the Palace of Charles V, 180º panorama.
• Tomás Luis de Victoria
• Sebástian de Vivanco
Architecture • Luis de Narvaez
Main article: Architecture of the Spanish Renaissance
• Juan de Herrera Science
• Juan Bautista de Toledo • Miguel Servet
• Gil de Hontañón • School of Salamanca
• Diego Siloe • Jerónimo Muñoz
• Enrique Egas • Fernán Pérez de Oliva
• Alonso de Covarrubias
• Pedro Machuca
• Andrés de Vandelvira See also
• Diego de Riaño • Spanish art
• Juan de Álava • Renaissance of the 12th century
• Al-Andalus
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Spanish Renaissance
• Plateresque
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Renaissance"
Categories: Spanish Renaissance, History of Spain by period, 16th century in Spain
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