MLA Formatting And Power Point Rules and Examples
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 1
SLIDE PRESENTATION:
•Originality:
•Pictures may be taken from any
•Written Material must be as
original as possible—quotes must
be cited
•All slide presentations must have
a title and an Agenda Slide
•Presentation must have the
ability maintain interest-10 15
slides with a 15 min limit
•All Presentation must be
completed by Week Seven.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 2
Projects And Test:
•Projects-Formal Paper
•All written projects such
as book reviews, video
reviews or papers must
be turned in printed as ESSAY EXAM: Students will select
well as on disk. the five topics anytime before the
test.
•TEST ESSAY EXAM: Essay must be
•All testing times are written in class on the question
between 6 pm and 8pm presented.
ESSAY EXAM: Students may vote
for start. Test will not be to go to the computer lab to write
given early. All test are the test on one of the topic
in class. questions.
Students cannot write a paper at
•There will be Three in home on the topic and turn it in—
class test. this is unacceptable and student
will receive one grade lower.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 3
Projects:
•A Paper without a work cited
page or in text citations will
receive a 50
•A Project that does not cover or
concern itself with the subject of
the class will receive a 50
•All projects, presentations or
required work turned in after the
due date—WEEK 7 will be
charged a late fee of ten points
less than the score received.
•This means that if the work is
late it will not be allowed the A-
mark.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 4
ATTENDANCE:
•Students are required to
attend all classes.
•No student may miss
more than fifteen hours
•This means that anyone
departing before the last
full hour of class will be
charge an hour
•No one can miss two
classes and leave early
for more than fifteen
hours.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 5
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 6
Working with Quotations
• Quotations that constitute fewer than
five lines in your paper should be set
off with quotation marks [ “ ” ] and be
incorporated within the normal flow of
your text.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 7
Working with Quotations
• For material exceeding that length,
omit the quotation marks and indent
the quoted language one inch from
your left-hand margin. If an indented
quotation is taken entirely from one
paragraph, the first line should be even
with all the other lines in that
quotation; however, if an indented
quotation comes from two or more
paragraphs, indent the first line of
each paragraph an additional one-
quarter inch.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 8
Working with Quotations
• If quotation marks appear within the
text of a quotation that already has the
usual double-quote marks [ “ ” ]
around it (a quote-within-a-quote), set
off that inner quotation with single-
quote marks [ „ ‟ ] . Such a quote-
within-a-quote within an indented
quotation is marked with double-quote
marks.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 9
Working with Quotations
• In the United States, the usual practice
is to place periods and commas inside
quotation marks, regardless of logic.
Other punctuation marks — question
marks, exclamation marks,
semicolons, and colons — go where
logic would dictate. Thus, we might
see the following sentences in a paper
about Robert Frost:
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 10
Format
• Spacing:
• The MLA Guide says that "the research
paper must be double-spaced,"
including quotations, notes, and the
list of works cited.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 11
CITING SOURCES:
• Documentation will take two forms in
your final paper:
• In the Works Cited section, where all the
sources you've used should be listed
alphabetically, and
• Within the text of your paper, where
parentheses should show your readers
where you found each piece of
information that you have used. These
textual citations allow the reader to
refer to your Works Cited page(s) for
further information.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 12
Book
• When citing a foreword,
introduction, preface, afterword,
etc., begin your citation with the
name of the person who wrote the
foreword (or whatever it is), then the
word Foreword (or whatever it is),
not underlined or italicized, followed
by the title of the work, its author
and the other publication
information (including the page
numbers that include the piece you
are citing):
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 13
The Works
Cited Page
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 14
Why Must We Cite Our
Sources?
To lend authority and credibility
to our work.
To allow your readers to cross-
reference your sources easily
To provide consistent format for
writing papers within a discipline
To acknowledge our academic
debts
Avoid Plagiarism
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 15
PLAGIARISM
To plagiarize is to give the impression
that you have written or thought
something that you have borrowed
from someone else.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 16
Cite your Sources!
1. Provide in-text
documentation
2. Provide a
citation in the
“Works Cited” list
for every source
cited in the paper.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 17
You Must Cite Your Source
When…
Quoting any words that • Quoting means to
are not your own repeat another source
Summarizing facts and word for word, using
ideas from a source quotation marks “”
Paraphrasing a source Summarizing means to
take the key ideas
from another source
and shorten them,
using your own words
• Paraphrasing means
to use the ideas from
another source but put
into your own words
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 18
COMMON KNOWLEDGE:
Information that appears in 5 or
more sources
Examples:
General Custer lost the battle at
Little Big Horn.
Franklin Pierce, 14th President of
the United States, was born in 1804
and died in 1869.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 19
Citing a Book
Author. “Part of Book.” Title of Book. Name of
Editor. Volume. Series. Imprint. Page
Numbers. Additional info. Medium.
Becker, Gary S. "The Age of Human
Capital." Education in the Twenty-
first Century. Ed. Edward P. Lazear.
Staford: Hoover, 2002. 3-8. Print.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 20
Periodicals
• Newspapers
• Magazines
• Journals
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 21
Citing a Magazine
Article
Author. “Title of the article.” Title of Magazine
Date: Pages. Medium.
Whitley, Glenna. “Duel on the Nile.” D
Magazine Feb. 1989: 64-67+. Print.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 22
Newspaper Articles
Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Newspaper Date:
Edition: Section and Page Numbers. Medium.
Birnbaum, Mary C. “Information-Age Infants:
Technology Pushes the Frontiers of
What Babies Know.” Dallas Morning
News 23 Aug. 1994: 5C. Print.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 23
Citing a Journal
Article
Author. “Title of Article.”
Title of Journal
Volume.Issue (Date):
Page Numbers.
Badami, Mary Kenny. “A
Feminist Critique of
Science Fiction.”
Extrapolation 18.1
(1976): 236-59.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 24
Articles from Full Text Databases
Citation. Database. Medium. Date of
Access.
Bessieres, Michel. "Global Warming:
Ignorance Is Not Bliss." UNESCO
Courier June 2001: 10. Academic
Search Complete. Web. 20 July 2003
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 25
Citing World Wide Web Sources
Author. “Title of Page.” Additional
Info. Title of Site. Date. Page
Numbers. Publisher. Medium.
Access Date.
Newhall, Brent P. "Beowulf."
Encyclopedia Mythica. 17 Mar.
2002. Web. 20 Sep. 2005
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 26
Reprints
Author. Reprint Source. Rpt. of Original
Source. Medium.
Chadwick, Douglas. “Private Property
Regulation is Necessary to save
Endgandered Species.” Endangered
Species. Ed. Helen Cothran. Opposing
Viewpoints Ser. San Diego:
Greenhaven, 2001. 88-93. Rpt. of
“Strength in Humilty.” Sierra Jan./Feb.
1996: :n. pag. Print.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 27
Parenthetical (In-Text)
Documentation
• Points to the specific
source in your Works
cited list and the
location of information
in source
• Provide
– The Author (or Title)
– Page number
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 28
Parenthetical
Documentation
According to Gary S. Becker, human
capital is the greatest form of capital in
the 21st century (3).
The education and ability of the people
provide the United States with its
greatest asset (Becker 3).
Source:
Becker, Gary S. "The Age of Human Capital." Education in the
Twenty-first Century. Ed. by Edward P. Lazear. Staford:
Hoover,
2002. 3-8. Print.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 29
What if the source
doesn‟t have an author?
Most college graduates earn at
least 23 percent more than those
with just a high school diploma
("Rising" 35).
Source:
"The Rising Value of a College Education." Presidency. Sping 2004:
35. Print.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 30
No page number?
Just skip it!
The evidence clearly proves that
the benefits of a college
education outweigh the cost of
earning a degree (Porter).
Source:
Porter, Kathleen. "The Value of a College Degree." ERIC Digest.
ERIC Clearinghouse: ED470038. U.S. Dept. of Education. 2002. Web. 26
May 2006
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 31
Formatting
The format of a paper is its
general appearance with regard
to margins, type font & size,
spacing, paper size, etc.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 32
General Guidelines
• Use white 8.5 x 11 inch paper.
• Double space.
• Use a legible font, like Times New
Roman, Arial, or Courier.
• Use size 12 font, unless your
teacher tells you otherwise.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 33
• Single space after all punctuation
marks, including periods.
• Set your margins to 1 inch on all
sides.
• Use italics for the titles of any
longer works appearing in your
papers.
– For example: The novel, War and
Peace, by Leo Tolstoy, has 1315
pages.
– War and Peace is very long.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 34
• Number your pages in the upper
right hand corner, unless
instructed otherwise.
(Sometimes you may be asked
to leave the first page
unnumbered.)
• Always follow your teacher‟s
special guidelines.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 35
Guidelines for the First Page
• Do not use a title page.
• List your name, your teacher‟s name,
the course name, and the date in the
upper left corner. Double space
between them.
• Double space before writing the
title.
• Center the title. Capitalize only the
major words. Do not underline it, put
it in quotations, or put it in all
capital letters.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 36
• If your title quotes the title of
another work, put that in italics.
– Keat‟s Ode on a Grecian Urn
• Double space between the title
and the first paragraph.
• Indent the first word of each
paragraph 5 spaces (1/2 inch) or
hit tab once.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 37
Formatting & Citing
Quotations
• How you format a quote
depends on how long it is.
– Short quotes, 4 lines or less, are placed
in quotation marks.
– Longer quotes are placed in their own
block of text. The quotation is begun on
a new line with the entire body of the
quote indented 1 inch from the margin.
Continue double spacing. Indent the first
line of the quote another ½ only if it is
the beginning of a paragraph.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 38
Short Quote Example
“Drugs such as caffeine that
affect behavior and mood usually
do so by acting on some of the
50 billion nerve cells in the
brain.”
This quote and the next one came from
page 73 of Caffeine by Richard J. Gilbert
that was published by the Chelsea House
Publishers of New York in 1986.
(Gilbert, Richard. Caffeine. New York:
Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Print.)
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 39
Longer Quote Example
Drugs such as caffeine that
affect behavior and mood
usually do so by acting on
some of the 50 billion nerve
cells in the brain. To reach the
brain the molecules of a drug
must first get into the
bloodstream, which they do by
a process known as absorption.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 40
Long Poetry Quotes
Treat it like a long prose quote, but
maintain the original line breaks.
I never saw a Purple Cow,
I never hope to see one;
But I can tell you, anyhow,
I‟d rather see than be one!
(Burgess, Gelett. “I Never Saw a Purple Cow.” A Little
Laughter. Ed. Katherine Love. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell
Company, 1957. 75. Print.)
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 41
Short Poetry Quotes
Mark breaks in short quotations
of poetry with a slash, /, at the
end of each line:
“I never saw a Purple Cow,/ I
never hope to see one;”
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 42
• All quotations must have citations with
them. These citations will refer to the
full citation on the reference page.
• In-text citations are most commonly
made by following the quote with the
name of the author and the page
number of the quote, both within
parentheses.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 43
Example 1
“Drugs such as caffeine that affect
behavior and mood usually do so by
acting on some of the 50 billion nerve
cells in the brain” (Gilbert 73).
Note that the citation is placed outside of the
quotation marks, but inside the period.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 44
Example 2
Drugs such as caffeine that affect
behavior and mood usually do so by
acting on some of the 50 billion nerve
cells in the brain. To reach the brain
the molecules of a drug must first get
into the bloodstream, which they do by
a process known as absorption.
(Gilbert 73)
Note that here the citation comes after the
punctuation.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 45
Poetry Example
I never saw a Purple Cow,
I never hope to see one;
But I can tell you, anyhow,
I‟d rather see than be one!
(Burgess 75)
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 46
When citing a quotation whose
author is mentioned in the
same sentence only the page
number is given since the
author‟s name is already
present.
Gilbert says that caffeine acts
on “the 50 billion nerve cells in
the brain” (73).
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 47
Citing an idea that has been
paraphrased
• Gilbert says that the reason the
caffeine has an effect on behavior
is because it affects a lot of brain
cells (73).
• Caffeine affects brain cells
(Gilbert 73).
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 48
Works Cited & Reference Pages
• A works cited page lists only works
that have been cited within the text of
your paper.
• A reference page lists all the works
that were used in the preparation of
your paper, although they may not
necessarily have been cited within the
text. (A bibliography is like a reference
page, except that it contains only
books.)
• All use the same format
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 49
• Begin your works cited or reference
page on a new page at the end of
your paper.
• Center the words Works Cited or
References at the top of the page.
• Alphabetize your entries.
• Place the first line of the entry next
to the margin. Indent subsequent
lines 1/2 inch.
• Double space. Do not skip extra
lines between entries.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 50
Format for Entries
For a book with one author:
Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place
of Publication: Publisher, Year of
Publication. Publication Medium.
(Examples of Publication Medium: Print, Web,
DVD, Film, PDF, CD-ROM. Note: if the source
was online, the medium is web.)
Gilbert, Richard. Caffeine. New York:
Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Print.
Note the use of punctuation.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 51
Part of a book
Lastname, First name. "Title of
Selection." Title of Collection. Ed.
Editor's Name(s). Place of
Publication: Publisher, Year. Pages.
Publication Medium.
Burgess, Gelett. “I Never Saw a
Purple Cow.” A Little Laughter. Ed.
Katherine Love. New York: Thomas
Y. Crowell Company, 1957. 75. Print.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 52
Selection from an Online
Publication
Author(s). "Title of Selection." Title of
Online Publication. Date of
Publication. Publication Medium.
Date of Access.
Note that the electronic address is
no longer required unless the
citation information is insufficient
for the reader to easily find the
source or it is required by your
teacher.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 53
Example
• Longfellow, Henry. “The Song of
Hiawatha.” Love Poems?. 2004.
Web. 14 Feb. 2007
.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 54
What if?
There is no author?
Start the listing with the title and use
the title instead of the author in the in-
text citation.
There is more than one author?
List the first author with last name
followed by first name, then list
subsequent authors with their first
names followed by their last names.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 55
What if?
A website does not include a
publisher or sponsor?
Use N.p. (no publisher) in place of that
information.
A website does not include the date
of publication?
Use n.d. (no date) in it‟s place.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 56
Books
Old Citation
Modern Language Association. MLA Style Manual
and Guide to Scholarly Publishing. 3rd ed. New
York: MLA, 2008.
New Citation
Modern Language Association. MLA Style Manual
and Guide to Scholarly Publishing. 3rd ed. New
York: MLA, 2008. Print.
Medium of
publication!
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 57
Magazines (print)
Old Citation
Cooper, Matthew. "Keeping His Eye on the
Ball." Time 27 Dec. 1999: 128.
New Citation
Cooper, Matthew. "Keeping His Eye on the
Ball." Time 27 Dec. 1999: 128. Print.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 58
Magazines (database)
Old Citation
Cooper, Matthew. "Keeping His Eye on the Ball." Time 27 Dec. 1999:
128. General OneFile. Gale. Lake-Sumter Community Coll. Lib.,
Leesburg, FL. 23 Feb. 2009
.
New Citation
Cooper, Matthew. "Keeping His Eye on the Ball." Time 27 Dec. 1999:
128. General OneFile. Web. 23 Feb. 2009.
Medium of
publication!
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 59
Newspapers
Old Citation
Stone, Andrea. "Advocates Expect Democrats
to Avoid Culture Wars." USA Today 22 Nov.
2006: 11a. Academic Search Complete.
EBSCOhost. Lake-Sumter Community Coll.
Lib., Leesburg, FL. 23 May 2009
.
New Citation
Stone, Andrea. "Advocates Expect Democrats to
Avoid Culture Wars." USA Today 22 Nov. 2006:
11a. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Feb.
2009.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 60
Academic Journals
Old Citation
Araman, Donald and Dan Kahan. "Overcoming the
Fear of Guns, the Fear of Gun Control, and the
Fear of Cultural Politics: Constructing a Better
Gun Debate." Emory Law Journal 55 (2006): 569-
607. General OneFile. Gale. Lake-Sumter
Community Coll. Lib., Leesburg, FL. 23 Feb. 2009
.
New Citation
Araman, Donald and Dan Kahan. "Overcoming
the Fear of Guns, the Fear of Gun Control,
and the Fear of Cultural Politics:
Constructing a Better Gun Debate." Emory
Law Journal 55.5 (2006): 569-607. General
OneFile. Web. 23 Feb. 2009.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 61
Internet Sites
“Alzheimer‟s Facts and Figures.” Alzheimer‟s Association. 13 June 2008. 4 Feb. 2009.
.
No longer requires inclusion of URL for websites
“Alzheimer‟s Facts and Figures.” Alzheimer‟s Association. 13 June 2008. Web. 4 Feb. 2009.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 62
Issue
Reasonable attempts to find site
“Dollhouse Pilot Review." Monster SciFi Show Blog. 20 Feb.
2009. Web. 23 Feb. 2009.
.
• States, “you should include a URL as supplementary
information only when the reader probably cannot locate the
source without it or when you publisher requires it.”
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 63
Blogs & More
Blogs
Monster7of9. “Dollhouse Pilot Review." Monster SciFi Show
Blog. 20 Feb. 2009. Web. 23 Feb. 2009.
.
YouTube
“Today Show: Michael Eric Dyson Speaks on the Soul of Hip
Hop." YouTube. 17 July 2007. Web. 23 Feb. 2009.
Message Board
Faten. “Back Pain.” Healthboards.com 19 Feb. 2009. Web. 25
Feb. 2009.
http://www.healthboards.com/boards/showthread.php?t=6722
90
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 64
Summary of Major Changes
• Volume/issue number on journals
• Italics vs. underlining
• Medium of publication
– Print
– Web
– Radio
– Television
– Includes cd and dvd and
videocassette and cd-rom
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 65
What Hasn‟t Changed
• Parenthetical references
• Most normal citation elements, ie. author, title, publication information, etc.
• Organization of works cited page
• Entries for multiple works by the same author
• Abbreviations
• Three hyphens for subsequent listings
• Months are the same, and publishers are the same
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 66
Turabian Style Slides
Chicago Style
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 67
CQ.com
Parenthetical (author date, page number(s) only listed for pdf files)
Text
Elements
Parenthetical (Gephardt Urges Bush 2003)
Text
Examples
Reference List
Elements Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of periodical, month
and day of publication, page number(s) only listed for pdf files. Name of database,
Publisher/vendor of database. Database URL.
Reference List
Examples Gephardt urges Bush to "end alliance with bigotry," oppose constitutional
amendment to ban gay marriage. 2003. BNN White House
Bulletin, 17 December. News Sources, Congressional Quarterly
Inc., http://oncongress.cq.com/mycq.do.
For further help citing periodical articles, consult sections 11.39--11.41, 11.57, and 8.141 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers,
Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.154 through 17.181 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
CQ Researcher
Parenthetical Text (author date, page number(s) only listed for pdf files)
Elements
Parenthetical Text
Examples (Marshall 2003)
Reference List
Elements Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of periodical
volume number, issue number if issues paged separately (month of
publication if no issue # given): page number(s) only listed for pdf files.
URL of periodical.
Reference List
Examples Marshall, Patrick. 2003. How vulnerable is the
U.S. to cyberwarfare? The CQ Researcher
13 (September): 797-820. http://search.epnet.com/.
For further help citing periodical articles, consult sections 11.39--11.41, 11.57, and 8.141 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers,
Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.154 through 17.181 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
EBSCOhost Full Text Journal Articles
Parenthetical Text
Elements (author date, page number(s) only listed for pdf files)
Parenthetical Text
Examples (del Zotto 2002, 148)
(Kurant 2002)
Reference List
Elements Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of periodical volume
number, issue number if issues paged separately (month of publication if no issue
# is given): page number(s) only listed for pdf files. Name of database,
Publisher/vendor of database. Database URL.
Reference List
Examples Journal with continuous pagination in pdf format:
del Zotto, Augusta C. 2002. Weeping women wringing
hands: How the mainstream media stereotyped
women's experiences in Kosovo. Journal of
Gender Studies 11 (July). Academic Search,
EBSCOhost. http://search.epnet.com/.
Journal paginated by issue not in pdf format:
Kurant, Wendy. 2002. The power of love: The
education of a domestic woman in Mary Boykin
Chesnut's Two Years. Southern Literary Journal
34, no. 2. Academic Search, EBSCOhost.
http://search.epnet.com/.
For further help citing periodical articles, consult sections 11.39--11.41, 11.57, and 8.141 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers,
Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.154 through 17.181 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
EBSCOhost Full Text Magazine Articles
Parenthetical Text
Elements (author date, page number(s) only listed for pdf files)
Parenthetical Text
Example (Gibbs 2003)
Reference List
Elements Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of
periodical, month and day of publication, page number(s) only listed for
pdf files. Name of database, Publisher/vendor of database. Database
URL.
Reference List
Gibbs, Nancy.2003. Thou shalt be removed. Time,
11 November, 34. MasterFILE, EBSCOhost.
http://search.epnet.com/.
For further help citing magazine articles, consult sections 8.97, 8.104, 8.111, 10.25, and 11.41 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term
Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.182 through 17.186 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
EBSCOhost Full Text Newspaper Articles
Newspaper citations are usually listed only in notes and parenthetical text references and are usually left out of bibliographies and reference lists.
Follow this convention for notes and a bibliography, but when the length of the URL will interrupt the flow of the text, include an entry in the
Reference List.
Parenthetical
Text Elements (Title of Newspaper, date of publication. Name of database, publisher/vendor
of database, URL of database) [author listed in text of paper]
Parenthetical
Text Example In an article about jazz (New York Amsterdam News, 30 October 2003.
MasterFILE, EBSCOhost. http://search.epnet.com/), Ron Scott describes. . .
Reference List
Elements Author(s) if known, year of publication, Title of article. Title of News Service
Provider. day and month of publication. Name of Database, publisher/vendor
of database, Stable URL of article.
Reference List
Example Scott, Ron, 2003. Jazz notes: Regina Carter & Paganini.
New York Amsterdam News, 30 October.
Expanded Academic, InfoTrac,
http://web3.infotrac.galegroup.com /itw/infomark/
486/94/68769127w3/purl=rc1_EAIM_0_A107545444
&dyn=34!xrn_50_0_A107545444?sw_aep=
nwmosu_owens.
For further help citing newspaper articles, consult sections 8.105--8.111, 8.138, 10.25, 11.44-45, and 11.47 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of
Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.188 through 17.203 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
WilsonWeb Full Text Magazine Articles
Parenthetical Text
Elements (author date, page number(s) only listed for pdf files)
Parenthetical Text
Example (Gibbs 2003)
Reference List
Elements Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of periodical,
month and day of publication, page number(s) only listed for pdf files.
Name of database, Publisher/vendor of database. Database URL.
Reference List
Example Lewis, Anne C. 2003. Who's qualified? Education
Digest, October. Education Full Text,
WilsonWeb. http://wilsonweb3.hwwilson.com/.
For further help citing magazine articles, consult sections 8.97, 8.104, 8.111, 10.25, and 11.41 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term
Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.182 through 17.186 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
WilsonWeb Full Text Magazine Articles
Parenthetical Text
Elements (author date, page number(s) only listed for pdf files)
Parenthetical Text
Example (Gibbs 2003)
Reference List
Elements Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of periodical,
month and day of publication, page number(s) only listed for pdf files.
Name of database, Publisher/vendor of database. Database URL.
Reference List
Example Lewis, Anne C. 2003. Who's qualified? Education
Digest, October. Education Full Text,
WilsonWeb. http://wilsonweb3.hwwilson.com/.
For further help citing magazine articles, consult sections 8.97, 8.104, 8.111, 10.25, and 11.41 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term
Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.182 through 17.186 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
InfoTrac Full Text Journal Articles
InfoTrac has stable URLs that allow users to link directly to an article. Use the full URL that appears when this article in displayed in your Web
browser.
Parenthetical Text
Elements (author date, page number(s) only listed for pdf files)
Parenthetical Text
Examples (McDevitt 2003)
(Eichner 2003, 78)
Reference List
Elements Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of Periodical
volume number, issue number if issues paged separately (month of publication if
no issue # is given): page number(s) only listed for pdf files. Name of database,
Name of Service. Stable URL of article.
Reference List
Examples Journal with continuous pagination not in pdf format:
McDevitt, Theresa. 2003. African American women and
espionage in the Civil War. Social Education 67
(September). Expanded Academic, InfoTrac.
http://web2.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/
707/346/44119785w2/purl=rc1_EAIM_
0 A108048791A108048791?sw_aep=nwmosu_owens.
Journal paginated by issue in pdf format:
Eichner, Carolyn J. "Vive la commune!" Feminism, socialism,
and revolutionary revival in the aftermath of the 1871
Paris commune." Journal of Women's History 15, no. 2
(2003): 68-99. Expanded Academic, InfoTrac.
http://web2.infotraccustom.com/pdfserve/get_item/1/
Sa88a6bw2_5/SB483_05.pdf.
Full Text Magazine Articles
Parenthetical Text
Elements (author date, page number(s) only listed for pdf files)
Parenthetical Text
Example (Howe 2002)
Reference List
Elements Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article.Tile of
periodical, month and day of publication, page number(s) only listed for
pdf files. Name of database, Publisher/vendor of database. Stable URL
of article.
Reference List
Example Magazine in full text format:
Howe, Robert F. 2002. "Covert force: Hundreds of
women fought in the Civil War disguised as men."
Smithsonian, October. Expanded Academic,
InfoTrac. http://web2.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/
infomark/295/270/44599915w2/
purl=rc1_EAIM_0_A92545901&dyn=
16!xrn_17_0_A92545901?sw_aep=nwmosu_owens.
For further help citing magazine articles, consult sections 8.97, 8.104, 8.111, 10.25, and 11.41 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term
Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.182 through 17.186 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
InfoTrac Full Text News Service Articles
Newswire citations are usually listed only in notes and parenthetical text references and are usually left out of bibliographies and reference lists.
Follow this convention for notes, but because the length of the URL will interrupt the flow of the text, include an entry in the Reference List.
Parenthetical Text
Elements (Title of News Service Provider, date) [author listed in text of paper]
Parenthetical Text
Examples According to the Xinhua News Agency, the Civil War in Angola (Comtex
News Network, Inc, 10 September 2003),
Reference List
Elements Author(s) if known. Year of Publication. Title of article. Title of News
Service Provider. Month and day of publication. Name of Database,
publisher/vendor of database, Stable URL of article.
Reference List
Example Xinhua News Agency. 2003. Over 3.3 million people
return home since end of civil war in Angola: UN.
Comtex News Network, Inc., 10 September.
Expanded Academic,
InfoTrac, http://web3.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/
486/94/68769127w3/purl=rc1_
EAIM_0_A107545444&dyn=34!xrn_50_0_
A107545444?sw_aep=nwmosu_owens.
For further help citing newspaper articles, consult sections 8.105--8.111, 8.138, 10.25, 11.44-45, and 11.47 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of
Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.188 through 17.203 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
InfoTrac Full Text Newspaper Articles
Newspaper citations are usually listed only in notes and parenthetical text references and are usually left out of bibliographies and reference lists.
Follow this convention for notes, but because the length of the URL will interrupt the flow of the text, include an entry in the Reference List.
Parenthetical Text
Elements (Title of Newspaper, date) [author listed in text of paper]
Parenthetical Text
Example In regard to the political unrest in northern Uganda (New Catholic
Reporter, 1 August 2003), Dennis Coday describes. . .
Reference List
Elements Author(s) if known. Year of publication. Title of article. City--if not in title
or newspaper is not widely known (state if not widely known usually
abbreviated) Title of Newspaper. Month and day of publication. Name of
database, publisher/vendor of database, Stable URL of article.
Reference List
Example Coday, Dennis. 2003. Uganda Archbishop calls for
international intervention.New Catholic Reporter.
1 August. Expanded Academic,
InfoTrac, http://web3.infotrac.galegroup.com /itw/infomark/
486/94/68769127w3/purl=rc1_EAIM_0_
A107545444&dyn=34!xrn_50_0_ A107545444?
sw_aep=nwmosu_owens.
For further help citing newspaper articles, consult sections 8.105--8.111, 8.138, 10.25, 11.44-45, and 11.47 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of
Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.188 through 17.203 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
JSTOR Full Text Journal Articles
JSTOR has stable URLs that allow users to link directly to an article. Use the full URL that appears when this article in displayed in your Web
browser.
Parenthetical
Reference (author date, page number(s) only listed for pdf files)
Elements
Parenthetical Text
Example (Koven and Michel 1990, 1078)
Reference List
Elements Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of periodical
volume number, issue number if issues paged separately (month of
publication if no issue # is given): page number(s) only listed for pdf files.
Name of database, Name of Service. Full URL of article.
Reference List
Example Journal in pdf format with continuous format:
Koven, Seth and Sonya Michel.1990. Womanly
duties: Maternalist politics and origins
of welfare states in France, Germany, Great
Britain, and the United States. The American
Historical Review 95 (October): 1076-1108.
JSTOR. http://links.jstor.org sici?
sici=0002-28199010%2995%3A4%3C1076%
3AWDMPAT%3E2.0.CO% 3B2-I.
For further help citing periodical articles, consult sections 11.39--11.41, 11.57, and 8.141 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers,
Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.154 through 17.181 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
LexisNexis Television Show Transcripts
Parenthetical Text
Elements (author date, page number(s) only listed for pdf files)
Parenthetical Text
Examples (Callebs 2003)
Reference List
Elements Author/Editor of content if given. Year of publication. Transcript
Number if available, Title of News Show, Name of broadcast network,
day and month of broadcast. Name of database, Name of Service,
Database URL.
Reference List
Examples Callebs, Sean, Dana Bash. Heidi Collins, Barbara Starr,
Wolf Blitzer, Nic Robertson, Kenneth Pollack, Aaron
Brown, and Satinder Bindra. 2003. Transcript #
121401CN.V00, Press conference announcing Hussein's
capture, CNN 14 December 2003. News,
LexisNexis Academic, http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe.
For further help citing television shows or news broadcasts, consult the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition Web site at
http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/cmosfaq/.
LexisNexis Full Text Newspaper Articles
Newspaper citations are usually listed only in notes and parenthetical text
references and are usually left out of bibliographies and reference lists.
Follow this convention for notes and a bibliography, but when the length
of the URL will interrupt the flow of the text, include an entry in the
Reference List.
Reference List
Elements Author(s) if known, year of publication, Title of article. Title of News
Service Provider. day and month of publication. Name of Database,
publisher/vendor of database, Stable URL of article.
Reference List
Example Mary Ann Lynch. 2003. "The Tatasciores have had a
tailor-made marriage of 65 years," Hartford
Courant (CT), 23 November. News, LexisNexis
Academic, http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe.
For further help citing newspaper articles, consult sections 8.105--8.111, 8.138, 10.25, 11.44-45, and 11.47 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of
Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.188 through 17.203 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
LexisNexis Full Text Journal Articles
Parenthetical Text
Elements
(author date, page number(s) only listed for pdf files)
Parenthetical Text
Examples
(Gignam et al. 2003)
(Kinnert and others 2002)
Reference List
Elements
Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of periodical volume number,
issue number if issues paged separately (month of publication if no issue # is given): page
number(s) only listed for pdf files. Name of database, Publisher/vendor of
database. Database URL.
Reference List
Examples
Journal with continuous pagination:
James J. Gignam, Kelly Wieand, Karen A. Johnson,
Bernard Fisher, Lei Su, and Eleftherios P. Mamounas,
2003. "Obesity, Tamoxifen use, and outcomes in
women with estrogen receptor--positive early-stage
breast cancer," Journal of the National Cancer
Institute 95 (1 October). Medical, LexisNexis
Academic, http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe.
Journal paginated by issue:
Mary D. Klinnert, Marcella R. Price, Andrew H. Liu,
and JoAnn L. Robinson. 2002. Morbidity
patterns among low-income wheezing infants.
Pediatrics 112 (July). Medical, LexisNexis
Academic, http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe.
For further help citing periodical articles, consult sections 11.39--11.41, 11.57, and 8.141 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers,
Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.154 through 17.181 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
LexisNexis Court Cases
Parenthetical Text
Elements (Case Name Year of Decision)
Parenthetical Text
Example (Eldred v. Ashcroft 2003)
Reference List
Elements Case Name. Year of Decision. Citation. Name of database,
Publisher/vendor of database. Database URL.
Reference List
Example Eldred v. Ashcroft. 2003. 537 U.S. 186.,
Legal Research, LexisNexis.
http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe.
For further help citing court cases, consult section 8.135 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations and
sections 17.283 through 17-287 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
LexisNexis Public Laws
Parenthetical Text
Elements (Name of Act Date)
Parenthetical Text
Example (No Child Left Behind 2002)
Reference List
Elements Author. Name of Act. Year. Public Law #, Congress, Session, (Day and
Month). Name of database, Publisher/vendor of database, Database
URL.
Reference List
Example U.S. Congress. No Child Left Behind Act
of 2001. 2002. Public Law 197-110, 107th Cong.,
1st Session (8 January). Legal Research,
LexisNexis, http://web.lexisnexis.com/universe.
For further help citing laws, consult Chapter 12 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations and sections
17.310 through 17.312 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
LexisNexis Full Text News Wires
Newswire citations are usually listed only in notes and parenthetical text references and are usually left out of bibliographies and reference lists.
Follow this convention for notes, but because the length of the URL will interrupt the flow of the text, include an entry in the Reference List.
Parenthetical Text
Elements (Title of News Service Provider, date) [author listed in text of paper]
Parenthetical Text
Examples According to the Daniel Yee, the CDC views the flu epidemic as a crisis
(The Associated Press State & Local Wire, 19 December 2003)
Reference List
Elements Author(s) if known. Year of Publication. Title of article. Title of News
Service Provider. Month and day of publication. Name of Database,
publisher/vendor of database, Stable URL of article.
Reference List
Example Daniel Yee. 2003. CDC asks states to report all
child flu deaths. The Associated Press State
& Local Wire, 19 December. News,
LexisNexis, http://web.lexisnexis.com/universe.
For further help citing newspaper articles, consult sections 8.105--8.111, 8.138, 10.25, 11.44-45, and 11.47 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of
Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.188 through 17.203 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
Online Government Documents
Parenthetical Text
Elements (Authoring Body Date of Publication, page number(s))
Parenthetical Text
Example NOTE: The citation below includes a page number because it
is a Microsoft Word document which has page numbers.
(U.S. Department of Agriculture 2003, 2)
Reference List
Elements Authoring Body. Date (year). Title of Work. Individual Author or editor if
available. Number or other identifying information listed. Publisher, if
different from author. Place of Publication, date if month or day. URL.
Reference List
Example U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2003.
Testimony of Dr. Chuck Lambert, Deputy
Under Secretary, Marketing and Regulatory
Programs Before the Committee on
Governmental Affairs, United States Senate.
Charles Lambert. Washington D.C., 19
November. http://www.usda.gov/agency/
ocr/download/Agroterrorism.Lambert.
111903.doc.
For further help citing government documents consult sections 12.8 through 12.33 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses,
and Dissertations or consult sections 17.290 through 17.356 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
Web Pages
Parenthetical Text
Elements (Author/editor of content--if no author list owner of the page)
Parenthetical Text
Example (Ashlag)
Reference List
Elements Author/editor of content--if no author list owner of the page, "Title of
specific web page used." Title or owner of the site--italicized if title of
site. URL.
Reference List
Example Ashlag, Yehuda. "There is None Else Beside Him."
Bnei Baruch World Wide Center for Kabbalah
Studies. http://www.kabbalah.info.
For further help citing Web pages, consult section 17.234 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
Electronic Magazine Articles
Parenthetical Text Elements
(author date, page number(s) only listed for pdf files)
Parenthetical Text Example
(Dawson 2003)
Reference List Elements
Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of
periodical, month and day of publication, page number(s) only
listed for pdf files. URL.
Reference List Example
Turabian:
Dawson, Bill. "Sea change for the e-beat ...
or the Doldrums?" Environment Writer,
8 November 2003.
http://www.environmentwriter.org/resources/
articles/1103_pr.htm.
For further help citing magazine articles, consult sections 8.97, 8.104, 8.111, 10.25, and 11.41 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term
Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.182 through 17.186 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
Electronic Full Text Journal Articles
Parenthetical Text
Elements (author date, page number(s) only listed for pdf files)
Parenthetical Text
Examples (Booysen 2003)
(Greer, Keohane, and Healy 2002, 124)
Reference List
Elements Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of periodical
volume number, issue number if issues paged separately (month of
publication if no issue # is given): page number(s) only listed for pdf files.
URL.
Reference List
Examples No page numbers given:
Booysen, Susan. "The dualities of contemporary
Zimbabwean politics: Constitutionalism versus
the law of power and the land, 1999-2002."
African Studies Quarterly 7, no. 2 & 3 (2003).
http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v7/v7i2a1.htm.
For further help citing periodical articles, consult sections 11.39--11.41, 11.57, and 8.141 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers,
Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.154 through 17.181 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
Electronic Books
Parenthetical
Text Elements (Author(s)/Editor Date of Publication, page number(s))
Parenthetical
Text Example (Hopkins [1863?], 118)
Reference List
Elements Author(s)/Editor. Date of Publication. Title of book. City of Publication:
Publisher.
Reference List
Example Hopkins, John Henry. [1863?]. Bible View of
Slavery. New York: Society for the Diffusion
of Political Knowledge. http://dewey.library.upenn.edu/
sceti/printedbooksNew/ index.cfm?textID=70362_
O&PagePosition=1.
For further help citing books, consult sections 8.1--8.96, 8.119--8.129, 8.137-8.138, 4.1-4.33, 11.1--11.38, 11.51, and 11.64 in the 6th edition of A
Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.16 through 17.147 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th
Edition.
Print Books
Parenthetical Text
Elements (Author(s)/Editor Date of Publication, page number(s))
Parenthetical Text
Example (Diner 1998, 55-57)
Reference List
Elements Author(s)/Editor. Date of Publication. Title of book. City of Publication:
Publisher.
Reference List
Example Diner, Steven J. 1998. A very different age:
Americans of the Progressive Era. New
York: Hill and Wang.
For further help citing books, consult sections 8.1--8.96, 8.119--8.129, 8.137-8.138, 4.1-4.33, 11.1--11.38, 11.51, and 11.64 in the 6th edition of A Manual
for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.16 through 17.141 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
Print Government Documents
Parenthetical Text
Elements (Authoring Body Date of Publication, page number(s))
Parenthetical Text
Example (U.S. Dept. of Labor, 2000, 45)
Reference List
Elements Authoring Body. Date. Title of Work. Individual Author or editor if
available. Number or other identifying information listed. Publisher, if
different from author. Place of Publication, date.
Reference List
Example U.S. Department of Labor. 2000. Telework:
The New Workplace of the 21st Century.
Washington D.C., 2000.
For further help citing government documents, consult sections 12.8 through 12.33 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers,
Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.290 through 17.355 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
Print Journal Articles
Parenthetical Text
Elements (author date, page(s))
Parenthetical Text
Example (Storrs 2003, 495)
Reference List
Elements Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of
periodical volume number, issue number if issues paged separately
(month of publication if no issue # is given): page number(s).
Reference List
Examples Journal with continuous pagination:
Storrs, Landon R. Y.2003. Red Scare Politics and
the Suppression of Popular Front Feminism:
The Loyalty Investigation of Mary Dublin
Keyserling. Journal of American History
90 (September): 491-524.
Journal paginated by issue:
Gunther, Vanessa. 2000. Indians and the criminal
justice system in San Bernardino and San
Diego counties, 1850-1900," Journal of the
West 39, no. 4: 26-34.
For further help citing periodical articles, consult sections 11.39--11.41, 11.57, and 8.141 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers,
Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.154 through 17.181 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
Print Magazine Articles
Parenthetical Text
Elements (author date, page(s))
Parenthetical Text
Example (Gibbs 2003, 34)
Reference List
Elements Author(s) or Editor. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of
periodical, month and day of publication, page number(s).
Reference List
Example Gibbs, Nancy. 2003. Thou shalt be removed.
Time, 11 November, 34.
For further help citing magazine articles, consult sections 8.97, 8.104, 8.111, 10.25, and 11.41 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term
Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.182 through 17.186 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
Print Newspaper Articles
Newspaper citations are usually listed in notes and parenthetical text
references and omitted from a reference list in Turabian Style.
Parenthetical Text Elements
(Title of Newspaper, date) [author listed in text of paper]
Parenthetical Text Example
In an article about breast cancer (Maryville (MO) Daily Forum, 30
October 2003), Leslie Ackman describes. . .
For further help citing newspaper articles, consult sections 8.105--8.111, 8.138, 10.25, 11.44-45, and 11.47 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of
Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations or consult sections 17.188 through 17.203 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
No Author/Multiple Authors Examples
Parenthetical NO AUTHOR:
Text Elements (author date, page(s))
2 OR 3 AUTHORS:
(author date, page(s))
MORE THAN 3 AUTHORS:
(1st author and others date, page(s))
Parenthetical NO AUTHOR:
Text Example ("Cheney and the 'Raw' Intelligence" 1998, 8)
2 OR 3 AUTHORS:
(Ury, Wyatt, and Baudino 2003, 24)
MORE THAN 3 AUTHORS:
(Johnson and others 2001, 82 )
Reference List NO AUTHOR:
Elements Title of article. [remainder of citation]
2 OR 3 AUTHORS:
Author and author. [remainder of citation]
Author, author, and author. [remainder of citation]
MORE THAN 3 AUTHORS:
Author and others. [remainder of citation]
Reference List NO AUTHOR:
Example "The Causes of the War," [remainder of citation]
2 OR 3 AUTHORS:
Ury, Connie and Wyatt, Patricia.
[remainder of citation]
Ury, Connie, Wyatt, Patricia, and Baudino,
Frank.[remainder of citation]
MORE THAN 3 AUTHORS:
Johnson, Carolyn, Patricia Wyatt, Frank Baudino,
and Lori Mardis. [remainder of citation]
For further help citing authors, consult sections 8.26 through 8.36 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and
Dissertations or consult sections 17.20 through 17.47 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
Published Interview
Parenthetical
Text Elements (author's name date, page(s) if appropriate)
Parenthetical
Text Examples (Higham 1998)
Reference List
Elements Person or group interviewed. "Title of Article or Chapter," interview by
name of interviewer. The facts of publication as for an article or book
chapter.
Reference List
Example Higham, Robin.1998. Interview with Robin Higham.
Interview by Roger Adelson. Historian 60
(Spring). Academic Search, EBSCOhost.
http://search.epnet.com/.
For further help citing interviews, consult sections 8.118 and 11.48-50 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and
Dissertations or consult sections 17.204 through 17.207 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
Unpublished Interview
Parenthetical
Text Elements (author's last name date, page(s) if appropriate)
Parenthetical
Text Examples (Aaron 1979, 21)
Reference List
Elements Person or group interviewed. Year of publication. Interview by name of
interviewer, place, day and month of interview or both if known. Title of
interview if given, transcribed by name of transcriber, medium in which
the interview was conducted. Collection, institution where interview is
housed, city where interview is housed.
Reference List
Example Aaron, Junie Edna Kaylor. 1979. Interview by
Jacquelyn Hall, 12 December. Interview H-106,
transcribed by Jean Houston, transcript.
Documenting the American South, Southern Oral
History Collection, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill Libraries, Chapel Hill, NC.
For further help citing interviews, consult sections 8.118 and 11.48-50 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and
Dissertations or consult sections 17.204 through 17.207 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
Interview by Writer of Paper
Parenthetical Text
Elements (name of person interviewed) date, page(s) if appropriate)
Parenthetical Text
Examples (Wyatt 2003)
Reference List
Elements Person or group interviewed (brief identifying information if available).
Year of publication. Interview by author, month and day of interview,
medium in which the interview was conducted, place of interview.
Reference List
Example Wyatt, Patricia. 2003. Interview by Connie Ury,
18 December. Audiorecording. Maryville, MO.
For further help citing interviews, consult sections 8.118 and 11.48-50 in the 6th edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and
Dissertations or consult sections 17.204 through 17.207 of the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition.
A Statement on Plagiarism
• Using someone else's ideas or
phrasing and representing those
ideas or phrasing as our own, either
on purpose or through carelessness,
is a serious offense known as
plagiarism. "Ideas or phrasing"
includes written or spoken material,
of course — from whole papers and
paragraphs to sentences, and,
indeed, phrases — but it also
includes statistics, lab results, art
work, etc.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 100
A Statement on Plagiarism
• "Someone else" can mean a
professional source, such as a
published writer or critic in a book,
magazine, encyclopedia, or journal;
an electronic resource such as
material we discover on the World
Wide Web; another student at our
school or anywhere else; a paper-
writing "service" (online or
otherwise) which offers to sell
written papers for a fee.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 101
A Statement on Plagiarism
• Let us suppose, for example, that we're
doing a paper for Music Appreciation on
the child prodigy years of the composer
and pianist Franz Liszt and that we've
read about the development of the
young artist in several sources. In Alan
Walker's book Franz Liszt: The Virtuoso
Years (Ithaca: 1983), we read that
Liszt's father encouraged him, at age
six, to play the piano from memory, to
sight-read music and, above all, to
improvise.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 102
A Statement on Plagiarism
• We can report in our paper (and in
our own words) that Liszt was
probably the most gifted of the
child prodigies making their mark
in Europe in the mid-nineteenth
century — because that is the
kind of information we could have
gotten from a number of sources;
it has become what we call
common knowledge.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 103
A Statement on Plagiarism
• However, if we report on the boy's father's role in the
prodigy's development, we should give proper credit to
Alan Walker. We could write, for instance, the
following: Franz Liszt's father encouraged him, as early
as age six, to practice skills which later served him as
an internationally recognized prodigy (Walker 59). Or,
we could write something like this: Alan Walker notes
that, under the tutelage of his father, Franz Liszt began
work in earnest on his piano playing at the age of six
(59). Not to give Walker credit for this important
information is plagiarism.
•
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 104
A Statement on Plagiarism
• Here is our original text from Elaine
Tyler May's "Myths and Realities of the
American Family":
• Because women's wages often continue
to reflect the fiction that men earn the
family wage, single mothers rarely earn
enough to support themselves and their
children adequately. And because work
is still organized around the assumption
that mothers stay home with children,
even though few mothers can afford to
do so, child-care facilities in the United
States remain woefully inadequate. Here
are some possible uses of this text. As
you read through each version, try to
decide if it is a legitimate use of May's
text or a plagiarism.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 105
A Statement on Plagiarism
• Version A:
• Since women's wages often continue to
reflect the mistaken notion that men are
the main wage earners in the family,
single mothers rarely make enough to
support themselves and their children
very well. Also, because work is still
based on the assumption that mothers
stay home with children, facilities for
child care remain woefully inadequate in
the United States.
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A Statement on Plagiarism
• Plagiarism
• In Version A there is too much direct
borrowing in sentence structure and
wording. The writer changes some
words, drops one phrase, and adds some
new language, but the overall text
closely resembles May's. Even with a
citation, the writer is still plagiarizing
because the lack of quotation marks
indicates that Version A is a paraphrase,
and should thus be in the writer's own
language.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 107
A Statement on Plagiarism
• Version B:
• As Elaine Tyler May points out,
"women's wages often continue to
reflect the fiction that men earn the
family wage" (588). Thus many single
mothers cannot support themselves and
their children adequately. Furthermore,
since work is based on the assumption
that mothers stay home with children,
facilities for day care in this country are
still "woefully inadequate." (May 589).
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 108
A Statement on Plagiarism
• Plagiarism
• The writer now cites May, so
we're closer to telling the truth
about our text's relationship to
the source, but this text
continues to borrow too much
language.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 109
A Statement on Plagiarism
• Version C:
• By and large, our economy still operates
on the mistaken notion that men are the
main breadwinners in the family. Thus,
women continue to earn lower wages
than men. This means, in effect, that
many single mothers cannot earn a
decent living. Furthermore, adequate
day care is not available in the United
States because of the mistaken
assumption that mothers remain at
home with their children.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 110
A Statement on
• Plagiarism Plagiarism
• Version C shows good paraphrasing
of wording and sentence structure,
but May's original ideas are not
acknowledged. Some of May's points
are common knowledge (women earn
less than men, many single mothers
live in poverty), but May uses this
common knowledge to make a
specific and original point and her
original conception of this idea is not
acknowledged.
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 111
A Statement on Plagiarism
• Version D:
• Women today still earn less than men —
so much less that many single mothers
and their children live near or below the
poverty line. Elaine Tyler May argues
that this situation stems in part from
"the fiction that men earn the family
wage" (588). May further suggests that
the American workplace still operates
on the assumption that mothers with
children stay home to care for them
(589).
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A Statement on Plagiarism
• This assumption, in my opinion,
does not have the force it once
did. More and more businesses
offer in-house day-care facilities. .
..
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 113
A Statement on Plagiarism
• No Plagiarism
• The writer makes use of the
common knowledge in May's
work, but acknowledges May's
original conclusion and does not
try to pass it off as his or her own.
The quotation is properly cited, as
is a later paraphrase of another of
May's ideas.
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BATTLE OF THE IA DRANG VALLEY
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AGENDA
o Battle of the Ia Drang Valley
o Commander of Enemy Forces
o Day one of LZ X-Ray
o Day two of LZ X-Ray
o Day three of LZ X-Ray
o LZ X-Ray Photos of Operations
o Video animation of LZ X-Ray
o Summary
o Work Cited
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 116
Battle of The Ia Drang Valley
O November 14-16 1965
O Location: Central High Lands of South Vietnam
O Enemy Composition: 7th BN of 66th BDE and a BN of
the 33rd Regiment comprising in excess of 2,000 enemy
soldiers
O
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 117
Battle of The Ia Drang Valley
O Friendly Forces: 1st BN, 7th CAV Regiment of the 1 CAV
DIV
O Mission of 1/7 CAV was Search and Destroy
O The following slides will give a comprehensive view of
these days of operations
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 118
Commander of Enemy Forces
Sr. Lt Col Nguyen Huu An, Deputy
Commander, B-3 Front (NVA/PAVN),
Central Highlands, South Vietnam, mid-
'60's. Photo given to Lt. Gen Hal Moore
(USA-RET) in Hanoi in Nov '91 by Lt. Gen An
(died spring of 1995). Then Lt. Col
An was the PAVN Battlefield Commander at
Ia Drang.
http://www.wtj.com/articles/xray/
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 119
Commander of Enemy Forces
An commanded enemy forces from a bunker
on the slopes of Chu Pong Massif. An and his
superiors claim a victory in spite of the heavy
losses, and say they learned how to fight
American forces and their helicopters.
http://www.wtj.com/articles/xray/
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 120
Day one of the Battle of LZ X-Ray
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Orange 3 and Orange 4 ships as seen from
Orange 1 Lead Aircraft enroute to make
initial pickup of 1/7th at Plei Me on 14 Nov
65. Flying at 1500 ft around 0830. These are
B Co of the 229th Assault Helicopter
Battalion, 1st CAV Div"
- COL Paul Winkel
"The HUEY B Gunship.
"Destroyer" escort
First to take on fire, first to fire
back.
Seen from Orange One out in
front right."
- COL Paul Winkel
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Day Two of the Battle of LZ X-Ray
http://www.wtj.com/articles/xray/
11/15/2011 Citations and Examples 123
KIA are gathered on edge of Xray
clearing to begin the long trip home,
15 Nov 65. Chu Pong and southern
sector of X-Ray in background.
One of the troopers who was burned
by napalm from an F-100 Super Sabre
in friendly fire incident early on 15 Nov 65.
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Day Three of the Battle of LZ X-Ray
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SUMMARY
.
The PAVN assaults four separate times beginning at 4:22
AM. The last is at 6:27 AM. They
are stopped cold, losing over 200 dead. B Co has 6
wounded. At 9:55 AM, a sweep outward
is made which results in more enemy dead and the position
secured.
At 10:40 AM, the 1st Bn, 7th Cavalry, having lost 79 men
killed and 121 wounded is ordered back to the rear for
reorganization. By 3:00 PM, 1/7 CAV had turned over X-ray
to the 2nd Bn, 5th Cav and the 2nd Bn, 7th CAV and is flying
back to the Camp Holloway airfield at Pleiku City.
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SUMMARY
At the conclusion of X-ray, the sister battalion of 1/7 CAV,
2/7 CAV, was ordered to march to Landing Zone Albany for
extraction from the battle area and to get out of the beaten
area for an impending B52 strike.
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SUMMARY
The mission was to conduct search and destroy operation in
the Southern central highlands
of Vietnam. The 1/7th CAV upon land Immediately assumed a
defensive posture under
overwhelming odds(7 to 1 odds).
The PAVN Commander, knows that he had severely
weakened and damaged the defenders in
the Charlie Co sector the previous morning. What he does
not know is that a fresh
company - B Co 2nd Bn 7th Cav, had taken over the position
after that engagement.
That company, unmolested the previous afternoon, had cut
fields of fire, dug new foxholes,
fired in artillery concentrations, carefully emplaced it's
machine guns and piled up ammunition.
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WORKS CITED
•www.wtj.com/articles/xray/
•www.lzxray.com
•www.tekawiz.com
•www.goggle/images.com
• We Were Soldiers. 2002. Randall Wallace, dir. Paramont
Pictures, Motion Picture 2002
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