STUDY OUTLINE - Ch. 1: The Human Body – An Orientation
I. Overview of Anatomy and Physiology (text p. 2 and B3 notes)
Know the difference between structure and function
What is “anatomy” the study of?
What is “physiology” the study of?
II. Levels of Structural Organization (text pp. 2-6 and B3 notes)
What is the unit of structure and function in a living thing?
What are the levels of structural organization from smallest
to largest?
What are the four tissue types?
For the 11 organ systems, give the general function of the
system and examples of organs in each system (B3 chart!!)
III. Maintaining Life (text pp. 7-9 and B3 notes)
To sustain life, an organism must be able to carry out
characteristics of life. For example, we respond to stimuli,
digest nutrients and excrete wastes, carry on metabolism,
reproduce, and grow and develop. Which organ system(s)
carry out the processes for the above-mentioned “life
functions?”
What is metabolism?
What is excretion?
What are the five survival needs for living organisms?
IV. Homeostasis (text pp. 7-9 and B3 notes)
Define homeostasis.
Which two organ systems primarily maintain homeostasis in
the body?
List, describe, and give examples of the three elements of
homeostatic control mechanisms.
What is a negative-feedback mechanism? Give two
examples of this mechanism in the human body.
What is a positive-feedback mechanism? Why are positive-
feedback mechanisms generally harmful? Give two
examples (one harmful and one beneficial) of this
mechanism in the human body.
STUDY OUTLINE - Ch. 1: The Human Body – An Orientation
What is homeostatic imbalance? If this imbalance occurs,
which mechanism restores balance?
V. Language of Anatomy (text pp. 10-17, B5 notes and B4/B6
diagram handouts)
Why is knowledge of the etymology of anatomy and
physiology terms useful?
Describe “anatomical position.”
Directional Terms – Know terms (i.e. superior/inferior,
anterior/posterior, superficial/deep, proximal/distal,
medial/lateral) and examples.
Regional Terms – Know specific names for certain areas of
the body (anterior and posterior views); there will be a
diagram on the test just like picture on back of B6.
Body Planes and Sections - Know sagittal, median,
transverse, and frontal (coronal); also know the difference
between a longitudinal, transverse (cross) and oblique
section.
Body Cavities – What are the two main body cavities?
Which cavity contains the spinal and cranial cavities? Which
cavity contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
Which specific cavity has no protective bone around it?
What are the names and positions of the nine
abdominopelvic regions?
Serous membranes – What is the difference between the
visceral and parietal layers of a serous membrane? What
function do serous membranes perform? Name the serous
membranes associated with the heart, lungs, and
abdominopelvic organs. In the abdomen, the small and
large intestines are held in place by mesentery, but the
kidneys are retroperitoneal. How is this organization
different?
STUDY OUTLINE - Ch. 1: The Human Body – An Orientation
Don’t forget to prepare one essay from the list of three topics and turn
in your written/typed essay with the test!! Use page 11 in your
Survival Guide to help you.
Topic 1: Structure and Function
In the context of human anatomy and physiology, describe the
important relationship between structure and function.
Topic 2: Homeostasis
Explain the role of homeostasis and its mechanisms as these
relate to the body as a whole and predict the consequences of the
failure to maintain homeostasis.
Topic 3: Language of Anatomy
Learning Anatomy and Physiology means you must learn a highly
specialized language. Why must a “language of anatomy” exist?
STUDY OUTLINE - Ch. 1: The Human Body – An Orientation
Ch. 1 Essay Rubric – 20 points
Structure and Function
“In the context of human anatomy and physiology, describe the
important relationship between structure and function.”
(1) Define Anatomy
(1) Define Physiology
(1) What is the relationship between structure and function?
(2) Examples (i.e. cell parts, organ shapes)
Score x 3 = 15 +
(5) Neatness/grammar
Homeostasis
“Explain the role of homeostasis and its mechanisms as these relate to
the body as a whole and predict the consequences of the failure to
maintain homeostasis.”
(1) Define Homeostasis
(1) Mechanisms = 3 components
(1) Negative Feedback = Definition and one example
(1) Positive Feedback = Definition and one example
(1) Imbalance = What happens?
Score x 3 = 15 +
(5) Neatness/grammar
Language of Anatomy
“Learning Anatomy and Physiology means you must learn a highly
specialized language. Why must a “language of anatomy” exist?”
(10) Explanation = Why the need for a common language?
(5) Examples = Give several examples of the technical language
(5) Neatness/grammar