Animals
Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular, and food-ingestive. They use extracellular protein and carbohydrates to bind themselves together as opposed to cell walls of plants.
Muscle and nerve provide means for movement. Sexual reproduction involves cleavage of the fertilized egg into a ball of cells - the blastula, which gastrulates to form cell
layers that go on to undergo morphogenesis and become an embryo. Animals share hox genes which control the complex stages of development. All animals are a clade -
Metazoa. Bilateria includes the bilaterally symmetrical animals. Ecdyzoa includes nematodes and arthropods which secrete an exoskeleton. Trochophore larva are found in
annelids and mollusks.
symmetry / embryonic layers;
examples food chain systems features digestive openings other
coelom/ceph "stome"
choanocytes create
2; ecto- and
none/radial, incurrent pores draw currents which draw
endoderm; neither
Porifera sponges no coelom or filter feeding none in water/excurrent n/a water and plankton
proto nor
cephaization eject it in, plankton are
deuterostome
trapped and digested
cnidocytes carry
some float, others
venom that inject
"predator", "swim" (medusas),
2; ecto- and from tentacle to
radial; no "swimming" primitive nerve and yet others are
jellyfish, sea anemone, endoderm; neither paralyze prey; prey
Cnidarians coelom or motion draws net and 1; mouth = anus sessile (polyp);
corals, hydras proto nor are pulled to
cephalization prey to muscle cells cnidocytes with
deuterostome gastrovascular cavity
tentacles venom are called
and digested
nematocysts
extracellularly
gastrovascular cavity
planarias are nervous,
bilateral; no 3; ecto-, meso-, digests food in
flatworms: planarias, scavengers; muscular,
coelom, and endoderm; planaria; flukes and most members of this
Platyhelminthes flukes, monogeneans, flukes and excretory, 1; mouth = anus
primitive neither proto nor tapeworms absorb group are parasites
tapeworms tapeworms are digestive, and
cephalization deuterostome food from host by
paraasitic more
diffusion
bilateral; no all systems 3; ecto-, meso-,
free living most are freshwater;
coelom, exc. and endoderm; tiny predators that 2; full alimentary
Rotifera rotifers microscopic from 50um to 2mm
limited circulatory and neither proto nor feed on other protists canal
predators diameter
cephalization respiratory deuterostome
all systems
bilateral; no 3; ecto-, meso-, all have a lophophore -
most are free except
Ectoprocta, Phoronida, coelom, very and endoderm; horseshoe-shaped none, or mouth and
Lophophorates living filter skeletal, most are marine
Brachiopoda limited neither proto nor crown of ciliated anus
feeders respiratory,
cephalization deuterostome tentacles
circulatory
bilateral, no all systems 3; ecto-, meso-,
have a proboscis used
proboscis worms and coelom, most are except skeletal and endoderm;
Nemertea to shoot and paralyze mouth and anus most are marine
ribbon worms limited predators and neither proto nor
prey
cephalization respiratory deuterostome
Animals
embryo layers;
symmetry /
examples food chain systems proto/deutero- features digestive openings other
coelom
stome
chitons, gastropods all ecological
(snails, slugs), bivalves niches from all systems, 2; mouth and anus; 2nd largest animal
bilateral, have the head-foot,
(clams, mussels, filter feeder to circulatory full alimentary group; extremely
coelom 3 germ layers, are which has evolved into
Molluscs scallops, oysters), active system is open canal with diverse; examples of
present, good protostomes the tentacles of
cephalopods (octopus, predators, except in accessory digestive all niches, habitats,
cephalization cephalopods
squid, nautilus, some even are cephalopods organs and ways of life
cuttlefish) parasites
bilateral; all systems
roundworms: Ascaris, 3; ecto-, meso-, extremely common in food enters in
pseudocoeloo except most members of this
heartworm, filaria scavengers, and endoderm; soil and freshwater; mouth and passes
Nematoda m present, skeletal, group are free-living
worms, hookworm, parasites neither proto- nor body is covered by a through alimentary
limited respiratory, scavengers
pinworm, Trichinella deuterostomes tough cuticle canal to anus
cephalization circulatory
oligochaetes all systems
bilateral, full most are tunnelers,
(earthworms), scavengers, exc. 3; ecto-, meso-, are segmented; most full alimentary
coelom, important to recycling
Annelids polychaetes parasites Respiratory; and endoderm, live in moist canal with mouth
limited dead organisms and
(bristleworms), or (leeches) circulation is are protostomes environments and anus
cephalization soil aeration
leeches closed
cheliceriformes
(horseshoe crabs),
metamorphosis allows
myriapoda (millipedes bilateral, full all systems, are segmented; full alimentary
all possible 3; ecto-, meso-, offspring to exploit
and centipedes), coelom, including open insects have head, canal with mouth,
Arthropods niches and endoderm, different food and
hexapoda (insects), extreme circulation and thorax (legs), and anus, and
represented are protostomes habitat than parents;
crustacea (crabs, cephalization jointed legs abdomen accessory glands
largest animal group
lobsters, crayfish,
shrimp)
all systems;
sea stars, brittle stars, mouth and anus are
larvae bilateral have a water most species are
sea urchins, sand 3; ecto-, meso-, unsegmented body, one opening;
while adults predators, vascular predatory on molluscs
Echinoderms dollars, sea lilies, and endoderm, internal calcerous parachute stomach
are radial, full filter feeders system that using tube feet to
feather stars, sea are deuterostomes skeleton used to eat
coelom operate tube capture prey
cucumbers molluscs
feet
larvae
basket-body which
sea squirts (tunicates) bilateral, adult filter feeders simple body notochord in larvae marine only
filter-feeds
radial
bilateral, 3; ecto-, meso-, filter feeds with fish-
Chordates lancelets filter feeders simple body notochord in adult marine only
coelom and endoderm, like body
(only the are deuterostomes includes the largest
well-developed
vertebrates have bilateral, all niches all organ embryonic notochord land animals and the
vertebrates head with brain and
some coelom represented systems becomes vertebrae largest animals that
sensory equipment
cephalization) ever lived