From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ovarian cyst
Ovarian cyst
Ovarian cyst • Chocolate cyst of ovary: An endometrioma,
endometrioid cyst, endometrial cyst, or chocolate cyst is
Classification and external resources caused by endometriosis, and formed when a tiny
patch of endometrial tissue (the mucous membrane
that makes up the inner layer of the uterine wall)
bleeds, sloughs off, becomes transplanted, and grows
and enlarges inside the ovaries.
• A polycystic-appearing ovary is diagnosed based on
its enlarged size — usually twice normal —with small
cysts present around the outside of the ovary. It can
be found in "normal" women, and in women with
endocrine disorders. An ultrasound is used to view
the ovary in diagnosing the condition. Polycystic-
Ovarian cyst appearing ovary is different from the polycystic
ovarian syndrome, which includes other symptoms
ICD-
ICD-10 N83.0-N83.2 in addition to the presence of ovarian cysts.
ICD-9
ICD- 620.0-620.2 • Ovarian serous cystadenoma
• Ovarian mucinous cystadenoma
DiseasesDB 9433
eMedicine med/1699 emerg/352
MeSH D010048
An ovarian cyst is any collection of fluid, surrounded by a
very thin wall, within an ovary. Any ovarian follicle that
is larger than about two centimeters is termed an ovari-
an cyst. An ovarian cyst can be as small as a pea, or larger
than an orange.
Most ovarian cysts are functional in nature and
harmless (benign).[1] In the US, ovarian cysts are found in
nearly all premenopausal women, and in up to 14.8% of A CT scan showing a 8.5 cm cyst in a 29 year old female.
postmenopausal women.[citation needed]
Ovarian cysts affect women of all ages. They occur
most often, however, during a woman’s childbearing
Signs and symptoms
years. Some or all of the following symptoms[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] may
Some ovarian cysts cause problems, such as bleeding be present, though it is possible not to experience any
and pain. Surgery may be required to remove cysts larger symptoms:
than 5 centimeters in diameter. • Dull aching, or severe, sudden, and sharp pain or
discomfort in the lower abdomen (one or both sides),
pelvis, vagina, lower back, or thighs; pain may be
Classification constant or intermittent—this is the most common
symptom
Non-functional cysts • Fullness, heaviness, pressure, swelling, or bloating in
There are several other conditions affecting the ovary the abdomen
that are described as types of cysts, but are not usually • Breast tenderness
grouped with the functional cysts. (Some of these are • Pain during or shortly after beginning or end of
more commonly or more properly known by other menstrual period.
names.) These include: • Irregular periods, or abnormal uterine bleeding or
• Dermoid cyst spotting
1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ovarian cyst
• Change in frequency or ease of urination (such as used alternately as cold treatments to increase local
inability to fully empty the bladder), or difficulty circulation.[10]
with bowel movements due to pressure on adjacent • combined methods of hormonal contraception such
pelvic anatomy as the combined oral contraceptive pill – the
• Weight gain hormones in the pills may regulate the menstrual
• Nausea or vomiting cycle, prevent the formation of follicles that can turn
• Fatigue into cysts, and possibly shrink an existing cyst.
• Infertility (American College of Obstetricians and
• Increased level of hair growth Gynecologists, 1999c; Mayo Clinic, 2002e)[8]
• Increased facial hair or body hair Also, limiting strenuous activity may reduce the risk of
• Headaches cyst rupture or torsion.
• Strange pains in ribs, which feel muscular Cysts that persist beyond two or three menstrual cy-
• Bloating cles, or occur in post-menopausal women, may indicate
• Strange nodules that feel like bruises under the layer more serious disease and should be investigated through
of skin ultrasonography and laparoscopy, especially in cases
where family members have had ovarian cancer. Such
Diagnosis cysts may require surgical biopsy. Additionally, a blood
test may be taken before surgery to check for elevated
CA-125, a tumor marker, which is often found in in-
creased levels in ovarian cancer, although it can also be
elevated by other conditions resulting in a large number
of false positives.[11]
For more serious cases where cysts are large and per-
sisting, doctors may suggest surgery. Some surgeries can
be performed to successfully remove the cyst(s) without
hurting the ovaries, while others may require removal of
one or both ovaries.[12][13]
References
[1] "Ovarian Cysts Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and
An Axial CT demonstrating a large hemorrhagic ovarian cyst.
Treatment". eMedicineHealth.com.
The cyst is delineated by the yellow bars with blood seen ante-
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/ovarian_cysts/
riorly.
article_em.htm.
[2] "Ovarian cysts: Symptoms". MayoClinic.com.
Ovarian cysts are usually diagnosed by either ultrasound
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ovarian-
or CT scan.
cysts/DS00129/DSECTION=2.
[3] [1]
Treatment [4] "Ovarian Cysts Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and
About 95% of ovarian cysts are benign, meaning they are Treatment". eMedicineHealth.com.
not cancerous.[7] http://www.emedicinehealth.com/ovarian_cysts/
Treatment for cysts depends on the size of the cyst page3_em.htm.
and symptoms. [5] "Ovarian Cysts – Symptoms, Treatment and
Pain caused by ovarian cysts may be treated with: Prevention". HealthScout.
• pain relievers, including acetaminophen/ http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/725/
paracetamol (Tylenol), nonsteroidal anti- main.html#SymptomsofOvarianCysts.
inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen (Motrin, [6] "Ovarian Cysts". http://www.medicineonline.com/
Advil), or narcotic pain medicine (by prescription) topics/O/2/Ovarian-Cysts.html.
may help reduce pelvic pain.[8] NSAIDs usually work [7] http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Ovarian-cyst/
best when taken at the first signs of the pain. Pages/Symptoms.aspx
• a warm bath, or heating pad, or hot water bottle [8] ^ "Ovarian Cysts Treatment & Monitoring".
applied to the lower abdomen near the ovaries can Medicine Online. http://www.medicineonline.com/
relax tense muscles and relieve cramping, lessen topics/O/2/Ovarian-Cysts/info/Treatment-&-
discomfort, and stimulate circulation and healing in Monitoring.html.
the ovaries.[9] Bags of ice covered with towels can be [9] [2]
[10] [3]
2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ovarian cyst
[11] MedlinePlus Encyclopedia CA-125 • David B. Redwine, MD. "Endometriosis Persisting
[12] "HealthHints: Gynecologic Health (January/ after Removal of the Uterus, Ovaries and Fallopian
February, 2003)". Texas AgriLife Extension Service: Tubes, Removing Disease, Not Organs, Key to Long-
HealthHints. http://fcs.tamu.edu/health/ Term Relief".
health_education_rural_outreach/Health_Hints/ http://www.endometriosistreatment.org/html/
2003/jan-feb/gynecologic_health.php. reprint7.html. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
[13] http://ovariancystinfo.weebly.com Cyst on Ovary • "Hemorrhagic Ovarian Cyst".
http://www.hemorrhagicovariancyst.com.
External links • "Corpus Luteum Cyst". http://donorivf.org/articles/
corpus-luteum-cyst/.
• "Ovarian cyst Introduction". Health encyclopaedia – • "Ovarian cyst symptoms".
NHS Direct. http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Ovarian- http://www.ovariancystreatment.com/category/
cyst/Pages/Introduction.aspx. Retrieved 3 May ovarian-cyst-symptoms/.
2011.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_cyst"
Categories: Noninflammatory disorders of female genital tract
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