Chronic Kidney Disease
Modifiable Factors
Non-Modifiable Factors -Diabetic Mellitus
A. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -Hereditary -Hypertension
a. Schematic Diagram -Age greater than 60 years -Increase Protein and
old Cholesterol Intake
-Gender -Smoking
-Race -Use of analgesics
Decreased renal blood flow
Primary kidney disease
Damage from other diseases
Urine outflow obstruction
BUN Decreased Serum
glomerular filtration Creatinine
Hypertrophy of
Dilute remaining nephrons Loss of Sodium Hyponatremia
Polyuria in Urine
Inability to
concentrate urine
Dehydration
Further loss of
nephron function
Loss of nonexcretory 2
renal function a
Failure to convert Failure to produce Impaired insulin Production of Immune Disturbances in
inactive forms of eryhtropoietin action lipids disturbances reproduction
calcium
Advanced
Calcium Anemia Erratic blood
atherosclerosis Delayed Infection Libido Infertility
absorption Pallor glucose levels
wound healing
1
2
1 a
Hypocalcemia Osteodystrophy
Loss of excretory
renal function
Excretion of Decreased Decreased Decreased Decreased
nitrogenous sodium potassium phosphate hydrogen
waste reabsorption in excretion excretion excretion
tubule
Uremia Hyperkalemia Hyperphosphatemia
Water Retention Metabolic
acidosis
BUN,
Creatinine Hypertension Decreased
Uric Acid Heart Failure calcium
Edema absorption
Proteniuria
Hypocalcemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Peripheral
nerve
changes Decreased
potassium excretion
Pericarditis
Increased
potassium
CNS
changes
Pruritus
Altered Taste
Bleeding
Tendencies