shark tales

shark tales









EDWIN MARCOW

The passing of

Ralph

It is with great sadness

I report that Ralph, one

of four whale sharks

housed at the Georgia

Aquarium who was

profiled in the last

Edited by Sharktales, died sud-

Edwin Marcow denly on Thursday,

January 11th.

Ralph stopped swim-

ming on Thursday and

was quickly moved

to another part of the

aquarium. There, staff

tried to revive him, but



New Kid On The Block! he lost his fight for life

some eight hours later.

15 specialists per-

320 million years in the making, submarine. Professor Long and his formed a necropsy on

having swum the ocean depths team of researchers then spent Ralph’s remains to try

before the beginning of time, more than a decade ensuring to determine the cause

and an incredible further 12 years these two new species were of death. This is the first

of research to positively identify exactly that, before publishing time this procedure has

and match these two new spe- their results in the journal Zootaxa been performed in the

cies—the two fish in question are

the Galapagos and Whitespot

Ghost shark discovered near the

Galapagos Islands in 1995 and

found at a depth of plus 1,200

in October and December 2006.

Among the first to see these new

species was John McCosker who

found the Galapagos Ghost Shark

on his 50th birthday in honour of

US.

Ralph’s remains were

later cremated. This

tragedy follows less

than two weeks after

They’re coming cloooser

“Close to 100 bull sharks were However, all evidence is still anec- yet,”said Dr Walker.

feet. “It’s amazing what you find his new scientific find, the fish was the death of the aquar- sighted near to the shore along dotal, and one cannot jump to For those scuba divers who

lying around the bottom of the named Hydrolagus mccoskeri. ium’s Beluga whale, the St. Lucie County Coast conclusions based on individual don’t like sharks and are about

ocean,” as St. Mary’s College More than a dozen new species Gaspar. Read more Florida,” reported the local sher- cases such as those in Florida. to hang up their scuba gear,

Professor Douglas Long has dis- were documented on this same on: Xray-mag.com ■ iff’s department. It appeared that you can take comfort that shark

covered. expedition, along with the Ghost this mass gathering were stalking Climate change attacks along the Florida coast

The two deep-sea fishes—odd- and Whitespot Shark funded by baitfish close to the shore. It has Michael Brown is not alone in his are substantially lower than the

looking shark relatives that broke the Discovery Channel back in also been noted that along this thinking. “Climate change could 2000-2003 average of 33 attacks

off on their own evolutionary path 1996 for a documentary on the coast from Daytona Beach to cause those sharks that pose the according to the Florida Mu-

some 320 million years ago—were Galapagos Islands. Read more on Palm Beach, sharks are predating highest risk to humans—including seum of Natural History. In Cape

unceremoniously sucked up a Xray-mag.com ■ on baitfish from the Indian River The Great White, the Bull and the Town, South Africa, at Muizen-

vacuum tube into a research Lagoon’s inlets to warmer waters Tiger—to travel further south and berg beac—a popular beach

near the Gulf Stream. A number feed more voraciously,” said Terry with swimmers and surfers—Great

of warnings were given to people Walker from the Department of White sightings are down a stag-

from a PA on a circling helicopter Primary Industries Australia. “The gering 65%.

to keep their distance. implication is, when waters are For now I think the jury is out. ■

In the previous edition of Shark warmer, they tend to feed more

Tales, I mentioned the theories of voraciously or are more active...

Michael Brown of Australia who I don’t think the tempera-

stated that as global sea tem- tures of the water

Smalleyed rabbitfish, Hydrolagus affinis. From peratures rise, this could bring have changed









FISHBASE.ORG

plate 10 of Oceanic Ichthyology by G. Brown sharks closer to shore—thus closer enough for that

Goode and Tarleton H. Bean, published 1896 to humans, resulting in tragedy. to have happened

Bull Shark



75 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

Face of spiny dog fish







Preservation Issues

Critcitically endangered and over states to adopt and support tragic collapse, Australian sci- track

fished in the Atlantic oceans, the Germany’s proposals to list these entist William Robbins at James to eco-

Spiny dog fish and the Porbeagle two species on the CITES list and Cook University has remarked. logical

sharks are considered critically to further restrict trade of these Grey Reef Shark numbers have extinc-

endangered. The Shark Alliance is two fishes under CITES Appendix II. fallen by around three percent tion be-

placing immense pressure on the of unfished levels. Their numbers coming so

European Union to follow scientific Collapsing populations are declining so fast that within rare, that they

advice on the precarious future of Sadly, their fate is not alone. 20 years, they could collapse to will no longer play their

these two fishes’ futures. Coral Reef Shark populations 1/1000 of unfished levels. “Reef part in the ecology and food

Their mission is to get all EU on the Great Barrier Reef are in sharks are effectively on a fast web of the reef,” stated Robbins.



More depress-

Far Left: ing news is that

Spiny dog about 100 decapi-

fish being tated shark heads were

handled washed ashore at Erton, putting

during on the little town on the map. A

of NOAA’s

commercial fishing boat operat-

surveys.

ing in local waters is suspected of from fishing NOAA



Left: committing this barbaric act. by NZ flagged boats.

Porbeagle Anyone violating this law will be

shark On a lighter note fined NZ$250,000 and face up to

In all this depressing news there is six months in prison. It will be illegal

some good. From April 2007, within to hunt, kill, or harm a Great White

a 200 nautical mile zone around shark within this exclusive eco-

New Zealand, Great White sharks nomic zone. It will also be illegal to

currently included on the CITES either posses or trade any part of

NOAA









NOAA

Appendix II will be protected a Great White shark. ■







Meet Your Cousin Shark Hell at Bells... (why you should dive, not surf )

Researchers from Singapore and control of these genes is believed “It will take at least two more At Bells beach in Victoria, Africa, Namibia, and the Pacific. sitting on his board with his legs

the States have made a surpris- to be the cause of many human years to sequence the entire Australia, 25-year-old surfer The Sevengill can grow up to four dangling over the side and the

ing discovery. We humans and illnesses. shark genome,” said Associate Peter Galvin was attacked 100 meters in length. With its distinc- shark came up from underneath

the Elephant shark found in the The teams from Singapore’s Professor Byrappa Venkatesh. metres from shore as he sat on tive broad head and unique and grabbed his leg in the calf

oceans around New Zealand Institute of Molecular and Cell Could man and the Elephant his surfboard with his feet dan- seven gills, this very active and and thigh area.” A chunk was

and Southern Australia, share an Biology and the J Craig Venter shark be closer than we think? ■ gling over the sides of his board sometimes aggressive shark will also taken out of his surfboard,

astonishing large amount of DNA. Institute began their research last at dusk. The suspected culprit is cruise near the surface. and the unlucky victim was left a

This could potentiality have far year and found that we share Australian Ghost Shark or the lesser know Sevengill Shark, tooth in his wetsuit as a memen-

reaching implications in the a staggering 5,000 common Elephant Fish Notorynchus cepedianus. Mistaken identity? to!

future for medical research and DNA fragments with the WIKIPEDIA With a lower profile than the Capable of sudden bursts of Another surfer helped Mr

treatments. DNA in the human Elephant shark. usual suspects, its greatest claim speed and power, the Sevengill Galvin to shore where paramed-

genome controls genes that to date is that this is the favour- feeds on salmon, anchovies, ics treated him. Mr Galvin sus-

produce proteins that are funda- ite shark of legendary Great smaller sharks and eagle rays. tained very large lacerations to

mental to the body’s develop- White Shark wrangler Andre One can only guess that at dusk the back of his knee with gaping

ment. Any disruption in the Hartman. It is found mostly this was a case of mistaken iden- wounds. “It appeared that the

in shallow waters, bays, tity. shark mauled him rather than

and close to shore in Senior Constable Lisa Kennedy bit him,” reported one of the

Australia, South of Torquay Police said, “He was attending paramedics. ■





76 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

media Books Film DVDs CDs

Dragon Sea

A true tale of treas-

ure, archeology, and

greed off the coast

Giant

Stride

Divers Alert

of Vietnam. Network

Edited by Peter Symes By Frank Pope (DAN) will

& Michael Symes Publisher: Harcourt launch a

Hardcover: 368 pp. new edi-

POINT & CLICK ISBN-10: 0151012075 tion of Giant

ON BOLD LINKS Sale Price: £11.66 / $16.50 Stride, the

Amazon.co.uk organisa-

In this gripping true tion’s pub-

thriller the author takes lication aimed at prospective, stu-

us inside the daring bid dent and new divers, in early 2007.

to raise the precious Giant Stride introduces new divers to

Whales’ Angels sunken cargo of 15th the sport through information, stories

A seagoing adven- century porcelain from and safety tips.

ture of international the depths of the Dragon Each student enrolled in DAN’s

intrigue and murder Sea, a treacherous stretch Student Membership Program will

By Paul J. Mila of water off the coast of Vietnam. The receive a complimentary copy of

Publisher: AuthorHouse The Tragic History of the Sea tale of the dramatic deep sea recovery of the cargo from Giant Stride. The publication is also

Book Publishing Shipwrecks from the Bible to Titanic the Hoi An wreck has a cast of compelling characters. available for distribution to all dive

Company Edited by Anthony Brandt Renowned Oxford archaeologist Mensun Bound teamed up centers and instructors at no cost.

ISBN: 9781425939373 Publisher: National Geographic Books with a financier, a crew of hardened saturation divers and The magazine covers such topics

Paperback: 268 pp. Hardcover: 329 pp. the Vietnamese military in a test of ingenuity and resolve. as an introduction to scuba, what

Price: US$15.99 List Price: US$24.00 Sale Price: US$17.52 The stakes were high, but so were the potential rewards. If to expect during training, resources

Newlyweds Terry Hunter The editor has compiled 29 tales of ship- they could survive the threat of typhoons and pirates, Bound at a diver’s disposal, dive safety

and ex-NYPD detective wrecks from the past 2,000 years. Each would have the chance to discover a lost era in Vietnamese and etiquette, profiles on divers who

Joe Manetta are busy true story is reproduced in its original civilisation, and his backer stood to make millions at the auc- have made the sport their careers or

running their Cozumel form, with an introduction by Brandt. tion block. This is a page-turning real-life thriller packed with hobbies and common medical issues

dive operation and The Tragic Story of the Sea makes a wel- danger, adventure and ambition. It is a fascinating object of interest to new divers. Giant Stride

starting a family. But a come addition to the library of historians lesson in what happens when scholarship and commerce is scheduled to be published once

chance encounter with a and landlubbers alike. Amazon.com combine in the recovery of lost treasure. Amazon.com a year and is distributed throughout

female diver from Holland the dive industry.

leads them on a globetrotting adven- Divers Alert Network (DAN) is a

ture. While diving with humpback whales non-profit medical and research

in the Dominican Republic, they learn Troubled Waters regarded as nothing more than an eco- organisation dedicated to the safety

a rogue sea captain is illegally hunting The changing fortunes nomic resource. Today, interest in these and health of recreational scuba

whales and killing activists attempting to of whales and dolphins enduringly popular animals is at an all divers. The Student Membership

stop the hunt. By Sarah Lazarus time high but do they continue to swim Program is open to all entry-level

But far more dangerous for the whales Publisher: Natural History Museum, London in troubled waters? This gripping narrative divers, and any certified scuba

is a conspiracy led by Japan, Iceland, Hardback: 224 pp, 8 pp colour section explores the fates of whales and dolphins instructor in the DAN Americas

Finland and Norway, to overturn the plus scattered b&w illustrations and how they became intertwined with region may enrole their students. A

International Whaling Commission’s whal- ISBN: 0 565 09192 1 human history. The story begins over 1000 new DAN Is My Buddy DVD is avail-

ing ban at the Commission’s upcoming Price: GB£12.99 years ago when hunters first took up har- able to all instructors for use in their

meeting in Iceland. Terry and Joe travel Dispelling common misconceptions – are poons and went to sea in search of the classes.

to Iceland offering their assistance to dolphins really supernaturally intelligent? rich rewards of meat, oil and whalebone. A new interactive website, www.

save the whales and solve a cover-up Are the great whales in danger of extinc- Troubled Waters charts a course through danismybuddy.com, was created

reaching the highest levels of govern- tion? – and opening up current argu- the whaling boom of the 18th and 19th to answer questions and concerns

ment. Their involvement entangles them ments, this gripping investigation explains centuries, the tragic implications of com- commonly expressed by new divers

in a dangerous world of international pol- just why whales and dolphins became one mercial fishing and noise pollution, the and to provide excitement and infor-

itics, intrigue, and murder, where fate has of the major harvests of the sea, and how controversial keeping of dolphins in cap- mation when a new diver wants it

a surprise in store for them. Amazon.com humans are destined to affect their future. tivity, and the current row over Japanese most.

For centuries, whales and dolphins were and Norwegian whaling. Amazon.co.uk For more information or to request

materials, please call (919) 684-2948.





77 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

d vd Facing Darkness

A film by Nathalie Lasselin

Saipan diving sites now on DVD

A DVD containing scenes of the many diving sites

Banzai

Spot Light

Wing Beach

This film is a documentary about on Saipan is now available, not merely for the

caves and cave diving. In the diving aficionados but for everyone who wants

Peacock cave system, like in most to have a memento of the numerous beauty Eagle Ray City

of the cave system, passages can spots on the island. Producer and underwater B29

Grotto

be really different from one to the cinematographer and videographer Mike Tripp Ship Wreck

other. Explorers as Sheck Exley, Lamar recently finished work on the DVD film, called The

Hires gave names to these passages. Underwater World of Saipan. Tripp said his 105- Ice Cream

Other explorers dived there hundreds minute interactive DVD provides a picture of the

of time to survey and map these sys- “incredible beauty and bio-diversity of Saipan’s

Dimple

tems. With a line and a boussole, just underwater world.” The DVD, under the Mike

imagine the kind of work done there. Tripp Productions, is now available for US$25 a

Thanks to these people, new cave divers copy. Tripp said it is now being sold at the CNMI

Forbidden Island

can now travel through these systems in a Museum of History and Culture, PHI Pharmacy in

much more safe way. Productions Pixnat, Dandan, CNMI Council of the Arts on Capital Hill,

A Reef Manager’s Guide 2006. 45 min. Price: US$29.99. Amazon.com Joeten Susupe and Garapan, Hotel Nikko Saipan, LauLau Beach

To Coral Bleaching and the Managaha Island Gift Shop.

Mass coral bleaching events have

increased in frequency and severity The ShipSinkers Obyan

Naftan

over the past two decades associ- This is a hi-definition video documentary

ated with anomalously high sea showing the processes of preparation and

surface temperatures. These events scuttling ships as part of the world-wide

have produced wide-spread coral ship reefing programme. Shot mainly Washed Up

mortality and significant ecologi- on location aboard F69. It is definitely The Curious Journeys of Flotsam and Jetsam

cal, social and economic impacts worth getting a copy when its avail- By Skye Moody

to coral reefs and the communities able online. The producers, Sea of Steel Publisher: Sasquatch Books

that depend on them. What can Productions, is planning on providing Paperback: 240 pp.

local coral reef managers do to a source for this high definition DVD. ISBN-10: 1570614636

address coral bleaching events? ShipSinkers tells the story like it is, with Sale Price: US$13.22 Amazon.com

The Reef Manager’s Guide pro- all of the suspense that’s there right up In late 1990, hundreds of Nike shoes began wash-

vides information on the causes and to sink time. Happy to take pre-orders via ing up on the beaches of Vancouver Island and

consequences of coral bleaching, shipsinkers@divewreck.co.nz Queen Charlotte Sound. They were relatively new

and management strategies to help shoes, and local flotsamists amassed a substantial

local and regional reef managers collection of them. There was only one problem: The

reduce this threat to coral reef eco- Welcome to Underwater Video Basics majority of shoes pulled from the wrack were right-

systems. Emmy Award winning Cameraman and footed. Meanwhile, farther south, in Cannon Beach,

Produced by the National Divemaster Steve Miller provides you Ore., other Nikes were appearing, most of them left-

Oceanic and Atmospheric with the most comprehensive instruc- footed. Beachcombers up and down the Pacific

Administration (NOAA), the tional program for divers who want Northwest were scratching their heads.

Australian Great Barrier Reef to take the plunge into the world of W. James Ingraham and Curtis C. Ebbesmeyer, oce-

Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), underwater video. In this DVD, you’ll anographers who track flotsam to better understand

and the International Union for the learn about: ocean currents, stepped in to decipher the source of the

Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the • Equipment Selection mismatched shoes. A container vessel, en route from Korea to the United States in

Reef Manager’s Guide includes • Camcorder Selection and Operation May 1990, had encountered severe weather in the North Pacific and lost 21 of its

contributions from over 50 experts in • Underwater Housing Operation containers overboard, five of which held about 80,000 Nikes.

coral bleaching and coral reef man- • Setup and Maintenance The shoes drifted for more than 200 days, the right-footed ones tacked north-

agement from 30 organisations. • Camera Shots and Moves eastward into the Alaska Current, while the left-footers joined the California

For hard copies contact: • Dive Skills and Safety Tips Current. This “spill of opportunity,” although surely a headache for Nike and the

BleachingGuide@noaa.gov • Communicating Underwater insurers of Hansa Carrier, resulted in a boon of data for Ingraham’s Ocean Surface

info@gbrmpa.gov.au • Storytelling Techniques Currents Simulation computer model. All this and more is chronicled in Skye

books@iucn.org • Interaction with Marine Life Moody’s book, who’s subject is anything that floats on, sinks in or washes up from

For more information contact: Publisher: AuthorHouse Book the sea: ambergris, seed pods, driftwood, barnacles, beeswax and messages in

Paul.Marshall@gbrmpa.gov.au or Publishing Company bottles. She covers Taiwanese propaganda set adrift for the Chinese mainland,

Heidi.Schuttenberg@jcu.edu.au Price: US$29.95 Amazon.com beached sea monsters, lost BMWs, floating glass balls and, of course, shipwrecks. ■





78 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

technical

matters





Edited by

Brian Keegan A collection of cliassic regs: Scubapro MK25 and

X650, Mares V32 and Abyss, Legend LX ACD,

Apeks ATX100, Beuchat VX200 , Aqualung Titan LX

Supreme, Poseidon Xstream.









How to choose a regulator

After my very first pool session, I was Well, the almighty instructor said that

hooked. Every thought I had circled with a different breathing and handling

around diving and dive equipment. I technique, I could avoid these incidents

could not wait for my next session. The in the future, and he was right; there are

instructor was a God, and what he said things you can do to avoid freezing regu-

must be true. I was an easy target! By the lators, but they are not bullet proof. Trying

end of the class, I walked out of there not to reveal my age, it was back when

with an Open Water dive certificate and only a few regulators were made to with-

a great deal on a dive package. stand arctic temperatures. Poseidon was

one of them and still going strong. Most

Or so I thought... Living in Sweden, regulators were made for diving environ-

in the Northern part of the world, the ments like the Mediterranean Sea, which

weather is not always at its best behavior even during winter provides a different

and definitely not warm most of the year. water temperature than the cold

I mean, the Polar circle cuts through lakes and the Baltic Sea up north

my home country for crying out loud! A provide us Viking-spirited divers.

month later, I had my first free flowing Today, you will find a number

experience, and let me tell you, was I of high-quality cold water envi-

glad we practiced that in class! Escorted ronmentally sealed regulators

by bubbles from a lively mouth piece, on the market. Most of them meet

I made it to the surface. My mind was the European standard (EN250) for cold

racing. What can I do to avoid this in the water—a standard you can use when

future? choosing your weapon of arms.





Text by Millis and Brian Keegan





79 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

First, ask yourself Regulators

“What kind of

diving will you

be doing, and in

What kind of diver are you?

which environ-

There are different kinds of regulators. While the

ment are you basic function is to provide you with air, you will

going to dive?” find that there are different regulators for differ-

ent kind of activities. We will go through what you

need, step by step. The first thing you need to

decide is what kind of diving you will be doing

and in what environment you are going to dive.

This is perhaps the most important piece of your

dive equipment and nothing to be rushed into.







What kind if diver are Or a Cold Water Diver?

When diving in cold water, it’s

you? vitally important that you use

What environment are you regulators designed for cold

going to dive? Identifying your water. You will be looking for both

needs will help you choose the a first stage that limits formation

right regulator for your activi- of ice, as well as second stage

ties. that doesn’t freeze in an open or

closed position when the warm

Are you a Warm Water moisture in the diver’s breath

Diver? touches the cold regulator.

A warm water diver is some-

one who dives only in warmer Then choose:

water temperatures who does This should go without saying—

not require extreme measures use regulators designed for cold

to be safe and comfortable water diving! Look for regulators

while diving. According to the that meet the EN250 standard for

EU norm cold water diving cold water performance. Cold Heat sink:

begins when the temperature water regulators are either envi- Many piston regulators utilize

of the water is equal to or ronmentally sealed or use some- some heavy metal parts, like the

drops below 6°C (50° F). thing called a ‘heat sink’ . A heat spring or part of the body to trans-

sink uses the cold water to ‘warm’ fer warmth from the water to help

Then choose: the first stage, which limits the keep the water around the piston

While it never hurts to buy formation of ice. By default, cold from freezing.

the best equipment you can,

under those circumstances

where there is no risk, at any Can I use a cold water regulator in warm water? 200bar (2900psi) or 300?(4350psi)

time, that your regulator will Yes. A regulator designed for cold water is by necessity SCUBA tanks come in a variety of

freeze while breathing—it is not a top performance regulator that can handle the most pressure ratings from around 200

necessary to buy a top-of-the- extreme conditions. Any good quality regulator from a to 300 bar. Different pressures are

line regulator. reputable dealer will provide you with air in a safe way, common is different countries.

when diving in warm water.





80 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

tech talk DIN or Yoke? Which is better?



Which brand?

water regulators are high performance

regulators. Sorry, but here is no straightforward answer. There are a lot of

great regulators on the market and an almost bewildering variety.

Are you considering Nitrox?

A recreational nitrox diver is a diver that

Look for well reputable makers, narrow down the choices and

uses nitrox during a dive for a safer dive, concentrate on them. Do your research and don’t be afraid to ask

by using the air tables. When diving questions when you shop around.

with the gas mix nitrox, there are certain

things to consider. You will dive with a

higher content of oxygen in your tank, priate mixture, each tank needs to be technical phrases and fancy words, call

which is a flammable gas, and you need analyzed for O2. him/her on it and have them explain. That

to adjust your equipment for this. Most new high performance regulators is what they are there for, and one good

are either nitrox-compatible or ready for reason to spend your money in a dive

Then choose: nitrox use, with a DIN or yoke first stage. shop instead of shopping online.

First, make sure you are trained for nitrox

diving. Dealing with nitrox means deal- Ask your local dealer Don’t be cheap

ing with a risk of explosion, albeit small. At this stage, you should now be concen- To think cheap can be costly. There are

Your dive equipment needs to be grease trating on details like comfort and airflow. sometimes huge price differences on dive

free. Because mistakes can be made in If the sales person tries to baffle you with equipment in different parts of the world,

mixing the O2 and air to get the appro- and although you might be tempted to

DIN connectors are rated at 200 and 300 save money while traveling, don’t do

bar / 3000 and 4500 psi (ISO12029-2) and A few points to check it unless you have done your research

yolk connectors are rated at 230 bar/ Does the second stage feel comfort- before the trip. If you do buy a regulator

3450 psi (ISO 12209-1). Also DIN connec- able? Is the mouth piece a good fit for made overseas, stick to an international

tors provide a sturdier connection, drop a you? Bear in mind the mouthpiece can brand, or you could be in for an expen-

SCUBA package on the first stage and it

be changed. Consider the dental ones sive surprise when it is time for service.

can come dislodged from the valve.

Sure, your regulator was a find, but if your

Is the second stage heavy, does it “drag” new find is not sold in your country, it is

in the corner of your mouth. Details quite possible that you wont be able to

like that can get real old real quick, find a service technician trained for that

believe me. brand in your neck of the woods. On top

of that, if you do find someone, the parts

Do you want to be able to adjust might have to travel overseas as well. You

your second stage air flow? do the math. Make sure you know what

If you do do, can You han- brands sells in your country, and if the war-

dle the adjustment easily, ranty is valid in your home country, before

with and without gloves? going on a shopping spree. ■



Will you travel with your

equipment? Include weight

and size in your requirement for a good

regulator.

Can you handle

Does the regulator come with a warran-

the adjustment ty? And if so what is covered. Can your

easily, with and regulator be serviced regularly?

without gloves?



If the second stage feels like

dragging, perhaps try one with

a different hose configuration.



81 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

How does it work? and what differentiates regulator from another?

Regulators







First stages can process very The balanced piston first stage ate pressure side and down the hose to The unbalanced piston first stage The diaphragm first stage

large volumes of air. At 200 Bar The piston first stage has a piston that the second stage. When the pressure on In an unbalanced piston first stage, the The diaphragm first stage has a flexible

has a sharp knife edge that seals against the intermediate side gets high enough, high pressure seat is mounted in the end diaphragm that separates the internal

some can process much more a high pressure seat. A spring and the its force against the other side of the pis- of the piston shaft and seals against the parts from the surrounding water.

air in one minute than most ambient pressure push one way against ton overcomes the combination of the knife edged orifice through which the On the water side, the water pressure

scuba tanks hold. So how does the piston and try to move the knife spring and ambient pressure, and the high pressure air flows. As you see in the and a spring provide a force to help

the regulator transform that high edge of the piston away from the high pistons slides so that the knife edge once diagram—just like in the case of the bal- open the valve.

pressure seat and let high pressure air again seals against the high pressure seat anced piston—the spring and ambient When you breathe and the intermedi-

pressure air to a steady supply flow through the piston to the intermedi- and cuts off the air flow. pressure act to move the piston and ate pressure drops, the spring and water

of ambient pressure air when open the flow of air and the

you need it? High pressure from cylinder intermediate pressure acts to High pressure from cylinder

move the piston the other way

and close off the air flow. Spring that

It’s a two step process and your regula- Piston closes valve Diaphragm

High pressure seat Unbalanced

tor has two parts or stages to do the job. Filter

piston first

The part you attach to your tank valve is stage

called the first stage. It’s job is to supply Spring that

air at a fixed pressure above the ambi- High pres- opens valve

Piston

ent pressure. The second stage uses this sure seat

and valve High pressure

to supply you with breathable air on

from cylinder

demand.

There are two main types of first stages, Spring High

the piston and diaphragm. pressure

seat

and

valve

Output to pres-

sure gauge





Output to second stage Output to pressure gauge Output to second stage Output to second stage Output to pressure gauge

The difference here is that the

Balanced piston first stage Piston-type first stages are simpler to make than the dia- high pressure air is pressing

phragm type. They provide higher performance when against the high pressure seat and is Diaphragm-type first stages are more complex

breathed at depth. They need more careful mainte- helping the spring and ambient pressure and have more components than the piston

nance because some of the internal moving parts are to move the piston and open the flow type. They are more responsive; they provide

exposed to water and contaminants in the water of air. The problem is that this force var- gas when the diver uses little inhalation effort

Ports! ies as the tank pressure changes. As the

There are high pressure tank pressure drops during the course of

ports for pressure gauges the dive, it takes less and less intermedi- pressure flex the diaphragm in and lift a

and low pressure ports for ate pressure to close off the air flow. This poppet. Depending on the model of the

most everything else. is what makes it unbalanced. Since the regulator, the poppet has either the knife

In some older regula- second stage is built to work with one edge or the high pressure seat. The air

tors the ports were the

specific intermediate pressure, as the flows until the intermediate pressure and

same size. Don’t put a

low pressure hose in a intermediate pressure drops in the regu- a small spring on the same side win the

high pressure port! lator, it gets harder to breathe. battle and reseat the poppet.





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Venturi Effect

Medium pressure from 1st stage

All the manufacturers

that use it have their own

cleaver name for it, but

the principle is the same.

With this venturi or vacu-

um assist effect, once air

Valve (red) flow is initiated, it takes

little or even less than

no effort to continue the

Spring Mouthpiece inhalation. The way this

is accomplished is that

the air flow is designed

Valve opening to hold the diaphragm

arm (dark green) drawn in until the diver

Output to

stops inhaling.

divers lungs

Purge button

(yellow)





Diaphragm Exhaust valve

The Second Stage Air on demand (blue) that valve causes the main

The second stage’s job is to take the inter- Even though there are other valve to close and stop the

mediate pressure air that comes from the variations of basic second air flow. They can provide

first stage and deliver it to you at ambient stage designs, one of the extremely easy breathing

pressure when you demand it. There are characteristics that all mod- Diagramme over a second stage but can’t handle very high

a variety of basic designs of second stag- ern designs share is that they supply pressure. The hoses One or two hoses?

es. In the most common design, when have demand valves that that come with these sec-

you inhale, the drop in pressure inside the only deliver air on demand instead of a not so bad. Some models, from Poseidon ond stages have a built in over-pressure A twin hose regu-

second stage draws in a large, flexible constant flow of air. Most, called down- for instance, are upstream valves. Their relief valve. It is very important that they lator, with a

diaphragm. The diaphragm depresses a stream valves, are designed to free flow diaphragm activates a very sensitive always be used with the correct type of diaphragm

lever that acts to move a low pressure if supplied with excessively high pressure pilot valve. The airflow from this pilot hose. first stage,

seat away from a knife edge and allow air. That might not sound so good but valve opens the main valve. At the end can offer

com-

air to flow. When you stop inhaling, the air considering that the alternative is that of the breath the pilot valve is closed Balanced or unbalanced plete

flow allows the diaphragm to return to its the valve slams shut and will not open it’s by a very small spring and the closing of Second stages can be balanced or environ-

original position, and a spring presses the unbalanced. In balanced second stages, mental and

low pressure seat against the knife edge air flows through the part that holds the freeze protec-

around the inlet orifice. When you exhale, low pressure seat into a chamber at tion—no water comes in con-

an exhaust valve allows the exhaled air to the other end. This helps counteract the tact with any moving parts. They are popular

flow out. force of the air pushing the low pres- with some photographers, biologists, etc.,

sure seat away from the knife edge. The because the exhaust bubbles are behind

reduction of this force allows the use of a your head rather than in front.

weaker spring to close off the airflow. The

effect of this for you is that the weaker types of minor free flow that may devel-

spring reduces the amount of force op between servicing.

needed to start the air flowing. Some second stages also have a small

Many second stages now come with knob that adjusts a vane or other device

external adjustments. Scubapro was the that effects the characteristics of the

first to provide an adjustment knob for air flow inside the body. In these mod-

the spring tension that closes the second els the air flow is designed to hold the

stage. This can be used at times, such as diaphragm drawn in until the diver stops

X-Ray drawing of a second stage - from when entering the water, to increase the inhaling. With this Venturi or Vacuum

the Scubapro regulator manual. The breathing effort when entering the water assist effect, once air flow is initiated it

adjustment knob alters the sensitivity or or swimming in a head down position. takes little or even less than no effort to

opening pressure of the inlet valve It can also be used to help stop some continue to inhale. This is handy when





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tech talk Regulators

Some cool

Accessories



you are breathing but can cause the your buddies gear, it’s easier for you

regulator to free flow when it’s in the to see them. Check for the kind

water and out of your mouth. The adjust- of leaks around the hoses we

ment allows you, for example, to stop mentioned in the service sec-

that effect and help prevent free flows tion. After each dive you

when you are at the surface and not should rinse off the regu-

using the regulator. Before a dive I often lator especially after diving

tune mine to the point just before the in salt water. The best way to “Remove before Dive” Dust

regulator free flows after the purge valve do this is to soak the regulator cap with extra o-ring from

is pressed. During the dive if I feel that in water, preferably warm water. German Divedelight protects

the breathing effort is too high I adjust Leave it attached to the tank with the your precious reg when not in

it to full venturi effect. But that’s just my air turned on. This keeps water from get- use. www.divedelight.de

(NB: Site in German)

personal preference, you should experi- ting in where it shouldn’t be. If you can’t

ment and find the settings that suit you soak it, disconnect it from the tank, dry

best. the first stage dust cap and secure it in

place. It’s ok to dry the dust cap with air

Service from the tank but be careful not to blow

Regulators should be serviced once any water into the inlet of the first stage.

a year or about every 100 dives If the dust cap is supposed to have an

which ever comes first. The limit on o-ring make sure it is in place. Then

the number of dives covers excessive you can use a hose to rinse with. If

wear and the time limit covers aging Warranty you do it this way be sure not to press Hoseprotectors

of the soft parts. Over the course of In the US the warranty usually covers the purge button, which would allow

time the soft parts deteriorate and cially the high pres- defects and the parts needed for stand- water to enter the hose. Be careful when

Swivel for second stage

take a set over time. sure hose that connects the pressure ard maintenance. Most manufactur- you rinse the second stage, don’t blast

hose - eases the pull on

It’s easy to damage a regulator during gauge. If you look carefully at that hose ers will require as terms of the warranty water at it, as it can displace or damage the jaw. This one found at

service and special tools and instruments you can see a line of small perforations. that the regulator be serviced once a the delicate diaphragms. After rinsing, www.zeagle.com

are needed to properly work on, assem- These are pin holes through the rubber year by an authorized dealer using only allow to dry thoroughly. You can give it a

ble and adjust a regulator so service outer layer of hose. The inner layers con- parts supplied by the manufacturer. As shake and pour water out of the second

should only be performed by a trained tain the pressure and the holes allow you we mentioned before regulators are stage or wipe the outside with a cloth

technician who has access to the latest to see when the inside of the hose has life support equipment so regular, quali- to help it along. It is best not to store the Suffering from

from the manufacturer. developed a leak. In the old days before fied maintenance is important for your regulator by hanging it or curling the jaw fatigue?

During service the soft parts of the the perforations the outer layer would diving comfort and safety. The service hoses too tightly. This stresses the hoses Try a dif-

regulator are changed, like the o-rings swell up like a balloon. Another common replacement parts are also an important and can cause them to fail prematurely. ferent

and pressure seats. Also place for a leak to develop part of the warranty. Over the course One thing you can do to help the hoses mouth- piece.

This one from Seacure

the knife edges, dia- Regulators should is at the end of the hose of the regulators lifetime the cost of the is to have hose protectors put on them.

uses your own dental

phragm, exhaust valves,

mouthpieces, etc are

be serviced once a year where the pressure gauge

is mounted. There is a little

replacement parts can easily add up to

more than the original cost of the regula-

These are plastic sleeves that are placed

up at the first stage end of the hoses to

impression.

www.seacure1.com

inspected and replaced or about every 100 dives adapter with two small o- tor. The warranty can differ from country distribute the stress of bending the hoses.

as necessary. If there’s rings that goes in between to country, keep that in mind when you The sleeves should be constructed so

any corrosion or buildup

which ever comes first the hose and the gauge buy. Will the warranty be as good as it that they drain water and don’t promote The Isolator Valve is used to shut off

of salt, lime a s o, on the and these o-rings, which are would be if I bought it at home? Will I corrosion. the air supply in any situation where

metal parts they can be cleaned in an exposed to the outside environment be able to get authorized service and Between servicing you can check out 2nd stage isolation is desired.t

ultrasonic cleaner. Both stages will be don’t last forever. replacement parts? the mouthpiece, check to see that the www.zeagle.com

properly lubricated during service, reas- Except for the parts covered by the bite blocks are not partially bitten off.

sembled and the intermediate pressure warranty that must be returned to the Maintenance Check for cracks and splitting, espe-

(IP) and breathing resistance will be manufacturer, all the old parts should be When you are in the water cially at the end of the part of the

?

checked. returned to you so you can see what you check for air leaks. Be

n ty second stage body that the mouth-

The regulator should also be checked paid for. a good buddy and a piece is mounted on. They are prone

for leaks. Hoses can develop leaks, espe- look for leaks in rr to splitting right where the tube like sec-

Wa tion they are mounted on ends. ■





84 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

be warmed by the surrounding If you have a second stage with

water. Therefore keep the 2nd a breathing resistance adjust-

stage under water until it is time ment, set the adjuster to minimum

to dive. Put the mouthpiece in as when not in use.

you submerge and take your first If you dive with a redundant air

breath with it under water. If you supply, switch to that and then

for any reason need to stick your shut off the tank valve a few min-

head above the water again utes and then turn it slowly back

before the dive, remove your on.

mouthpiece in water and keep it Do not use your buddys air

submerged. supply for this exercise, since

Text: Millis Keegan the extra demand on his regula-

Images: Peter Symes Inflate your BC slowly, preferably tor can cause his equipment to









Freezing & Freeflows

while you exhale, to reduce the freeze as well.

How to avoid free flows stress of the first stage.





While the use of a cold water regulator

is the first step of prevention, the second

and the zen of being a cold water diver step is to minimize the demand on it

All regulators will perform it enters the second stage. In Then make sure that your tank

differently in cold water each stage of the regulator, the valve orifice is dry before attach-

air temperature keeps dropping, ing your first stage to avoid moist

compared to warmer and droplets inside the mecha- being drawn into the inside.

water temperatures. If you nism may form ice crystals, which Cold water divers may also

dive in cold water, chanc- in turn can cause a malfunction choose to dive with two inde-

es are you will experience such as a free flow. pendent scuba regulators for

extra safety.

a free flow sooner or later. When water temperature reaches

It is not a matter of if, it is a 5°C and colder, a regulator is Prevention

matter of when. No regu- at risk of freezing. The first stage The key to avoiding free-flowing

freezes in an open position, which incidents is prevention. While the

lator, no matter how well

causes a free flow of air. It is use of a cold water regulator is

manufactured and full with designed to do so, as a failsafe the first step of prevention, the

fancy features it is, can feature, since the option would second step is to minimize the

safeguard you completely be blown hoses, which is an expe- demand on it. Use these simple

rience we could do without while precautions and you are way on

diving. The rapid airflow in turn your way to become a true cold

Since you are a diver, you should can cause the second stage to water diver.

already know that gases heat up freeze While not being in a pleas- Take every opportunity to prac-

during compression, (i.e. while fill- ant situation, one can still breathe tice in safe conditions, simulating

ing a tank), and that they cool from a free flowing regulator a situation by pressing the purge

during expansion which is what ...until it runs out of air. button. This way you will find what

happens you breathe them from Cold water divers may also works for you.

a scuba tank. This cooling may choose to dive with two inde-

affects the regulator in various pendent scuba regulators for Breathe only under water

ways, When air from a cylinder extra safety. In winter, the air will often be

undergoes a drop in pressure, colder than the water so avoid

which happens when air passes Precautions breathing from the 2nd stage out

through the first stage, the pres- It is important that the air in your of the water when the air tem-

sure is typically reduced to 11 Bar tank is dry. Usually vapor will be perature is low.

(the interstage pressure) before trapped by the compressor, A cool 1st stage can, however,





85 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

Rehashing your basic training



Breathing from a Free

Flowing Regulator

What to do:



����������������������������

Hold the regulator second stage loosely in your • Remain calm: Stop - Think - Act

mouth, allowing excess air to escape. If possible If you are confident in breathing from a

angle your head slightly to avoid bubbles in front of free flowing regulator do so, but check

your eyes. and prepare alternate sources just in

case.

No-nos • If an alternate air supply is preferred and

• Avoid taking a “test” breath from your regula- available switch to it.

tor in temperatures near freezing. The moisture • Head for the surface.

in the atmosphere and your breath can easily • If a buddy is available, or you can reach

cause icing in the second stage. the cylinder valve, switch off the cylinder

• Avoid pressing the purge button. and slowly switch it back on.









foto: John Neuschwander (Noordpool, in Otter Ultimate droogpak)

• Avoid heavy breathing • If you run out of air then the only option

• Avoid adding air to your BC in is a free ascent, possibly accellerated by

small bursts removing the weight belt. Ensure

• Avoid using your regulator you don’t hold your breath,

for secondary use. While and the air inside

filling up a safety sausage the lungs will

use your exhaust valve, expand. ■

and if you need to fill a lift

bag in cold water, consider

using a spare tank for that pur-

pose.



When a regulator suddenly free-flows it can

be very startling as there is a sudden roar of

bubbles and visibility is reduced.

The main strategy is to:









�������������������������

������ ����������� ������������� ����

������������������������� ��������������������������������

������������������������������������ �������������������������

���������������������� ��������������������������������������

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����������������������������� ����������������������

������������������������������ DIVING INTERNATIONAL



86 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

Breathing Diagram

How to understand the







Why is it an important tool?

The regulator is

Let’s make one thing clear, it is not an important tool for you while connected to an

air supply and

choosing a regulator, but it is an important tool for a manufac- placed in a hyper-

turer while designing a regulator. What you, as a recreational diver baric chamber. The

should look for when shopping for a regulator is whether it passed chamber is filled

with water and

the US Navy tests, and/or EN250 standards. pressurized to the

test depth

Text by Brian Keegan



ANSTI

Those tests are done on a system called The machine also supplies pressure, through the lungs—37.5 liters in one Reading a breathing diagram European standard EN 250 demands,

The ANSTI Demand Regulator Test Station. simulating the air pressure in a tank to minute. Lets look at a work of breathing dia- that total work of breathing from a regu-

The system scientifically evaluates a regu- create a realistic diving situation. The An average breathing rate during gram. If we start on the left side, the lator on depth in 50 meters at intensity

lators performance, simulating human regulators are tested at several different a stress-free dive is generally between curve above the horizontal axis repre- of breathing in 62.5 liters per minute

breathing. It is designed to measure breathing rates. When the regulators are 25-31 RMV. The initial testing begins at sents the exhalation. The area under and cylinder pressure in 50 Bar does not

the dynamic performance of SCUBA tested, the ANSTI measures the inhala- 37.5 RMV—a number chosen because that curve (S1) is the effort required to exceed 3 J/l.

demand regulators to 80 metres at the tion and exhalation in liters per minute it best represents a regulator’s perform- exhale a breath. Then, the inhalation This is done by the machine making 25

maximum ventilation requirements of (RMV*) times the size of the breath (Tidal ance during a dive made by an aver- curve runs from right to left with the inhalations per minute with vol-

EN250. The ANSTI can identify if a regula- Volume). age fit diver. A higher work rate—stand- area above that curve representing the

tor passes or fails a test criteria. Example: At an RMV of 37.5, a diver’s ards used both by the US Navy and the effort required to inhale the

During the testing, the ANSTI system lungs are filled with 2.5 liters of air on European EN250 while evaluating a regu- breath.

takes continuous readings, a work of every inhalation and forcing the same lator’s performance—is used during the Thus, the total work of

breathing diagram is generated by a amount out on every exhalation. The second test, which is done at 62.5 RMV. breathing is represented by

breathing machine simulating a human RMV at 15 breaths per minute would the sum of the two areas

breath. It shows how much effort it takes be 18.75 liters per minute during inhala-

to complete a breathing cycle under tion and 18.75 liters per minute during

different circumstances, like diving at dif- exhalation, which equals total air moved

ferent depths, and in different tempera-

tures. The effort is referred to as the Work RMV: RESPIRATORY MINUTE VOLUME IS THE VOLUME OF AIR WHICH CAN BE

INHALED (INHALED MINUTE VOLUME) OR EXHALED (EXHALED MINUTE VOL-

of Breathing (WOB). UME) FROM A PERSON’S LUNGS IN ONE MINUTE







The display of the

Ansti Test Systems Ltd specialises in the design ANSTI machine

Exhale

and manufacture of test facili- shows the results

ties for performance measure- of a breathing

ment of underwater breathing test in the form

WORK

apparatus. The facilities are of a Breathing

turnkey packages, which Inhale Diagram. The

utilise computerised diagram give

data acquisition tech- researchers and

niques to display in real designers an idea

time the dynamic per- of how a regulator

formance of the breath- performs during a

ing apparatus under test. breathing cycle.

www.ansti.com





87 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

tech talk Regulators

ume of 2,5 liters of air per inhalation. This is Phase two Conclusion

considered representative of a diver per- Now that the air is flowing, the breathing In conclusion, don’t get too hung up on

forming hard physical work. The regulator resistance drops. The air is coming from the numbers. On the one hand, lower

is supplied with air at 100 bars. the hose and the intermediate pressure WOB is better, but on the other hand,

The inhalation phase is the part of the area in the first stage. If the second stage the quality of your breathing experience

breath that really differentiates regulators has a venturi assist feature, the air flow is also greatly influenced by how natural

these days. Along with the total work of holds the valve open, and the flow of air each part of the breathing cycle and the

breathing effort, we can get a better idea can actually exceed the demand. If this cycle as a whole feels.

of how this relates to the way it feels to is excessive, you feel like you are being Add to that, that even if the ANSTI

breath on a particular regulator. force-fed air. Not having to work is nice, machine is very sensitive and can meas-

Lets look at Fig 2. but the regulator designers don’t want ure differences down to 0.1 J/l, you can’t.

you to feel like you’re being inflated like A human being is only able to feel a differ-

Phase one a balloon. As we near the end of phase ence in the effort down to about 0.5 J/l. ■

We see the beginning of the breath in two, the intermediate pressure is dropping

phase one. When the diver starts to breath to the point where the first stage will open

in and sucks air out of the second stage, and start to replenish the available air with The inhalation

the diaphragm is drawn in and eventually air from the tank.

opens the second stage valve and starts

phase is the part of

the air flowing. This is commonly referred Phase three the breath that really

to as the cracking effort, and we see this The first stage is opening now. If it is poorly differentiates regula-

as an initial spike in the curve. Too much designed and waits too long to open or

cracking effort doesn’t feel natural, you can’t supply air fast enough, we would tors these days

have to really work hard and all of a sud- see an increase in WOB effort here. Note:

den – woosh, lots of air. With modern regulator design that is no

longer a common problem.

Common standards

Here are three standards that regulators

are judged by:

25 Exhale

This WOB U.S. Navy Class B

graph, Depth of 40 m with a supply pressure of

shows 100 bars, 25 2.5 liter breaths per minute

phase 1, 15

with WOB less than 1.4 joules per liter.

phase 2

and phase

U.S. Navy Class A

3 as men- 5

tioned in Same criteria as Class B except at

the text. mbar depth of 60 m.



European Standard EN250

Depth of 50 m with a supply pressure of

50 bars, 25 2.5 liter breaths per minute

- 15 with WOB less than 3.0 joules per liter



A3 A2 A1

- 25 Inhale

Tidbit

The most powerful breathing machines

PHASE 3 PHASE 2 PHASE 1

is found in the possession of Aqualung. It

can simulate a dive down to 100 meters

in water temperature down to 0 degrees







88 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

Photo &

Videography

This section is sponsored by:

Edited by

Daniel Beecham

Magic Filters get results

& Jason Heller









UR-PRO filters have been popular

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Filters

Types

There are a couple of different

types of URPRO available. The

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Using the Magic Filter

When using the Magic Filter, it’s

important that you set your white

balance and adjust it every time

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rate colour reproduction





Understanding white balance,

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experienced underwater cin-

ematographers have the internal

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removed and replaced with an The standard greycard has a18%

be used at the same time as an is designed for use in blue water. depth range; from the surface phy. For a long time now, video underwater filter. reflectancy (middle). This is the

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89 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

Photo &

Videography Filter and URPRO discs





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The development of new

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Raw image file

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90 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

photography

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light, enables camera owners to inspect their camera’s sensor to

Sponsored by see if it needs cleaning. Why risk damaging your camera—don’t

clean your sensor if it doesn’t need it! www.delkin.com









Corel upgrade

Corel has released a free update Three new houses for Canon 400D

to Paint Shop Pro Photo XI, which

extends Corel’s support for camera

raw formats, including a signifi- SEALUX

cant improvement in the quality of CC400

imported raw images, enhanced

The most

support for IPTC metadata, and

support for additional camera mod- important

els (Nikon D200, Sony DSC-F828, part of a

Photoshop CS3 - Beta and Sony DSC-V3). Corel will contin- housing is

Adobe has released a beta ue to add support for new models the viewfind-

version of Adobe Photoshop in future updates of Paint Shop Pro er, accord-

CS3. Probably the Photo XI. This ing to Sealux.

most significant point update also fea- Chose be-

in this release is the tures enhanced tween the Inon House for Canon

fact that it is a uni- performance in inexpensive LD viewfinder that gives a good overview Inon’s new X-2 series DSLR hous-

versal binary version many areas of

allowing it to run on over image and camera data, or Sealux’ special bril- ings for Canon EOS20D and 30D

the program,

Mac computers with especially in the liant GD (grand) view finder that offers a spectacular cameras comes with three user

the new Intel chip, organizer and viewfinder image. www.sealux.de interchangeable viewfinder

while at the same thumbnail gen- options, including the 45 degree

time—not to forget eration features. Viewfinder. Each housing is

their Windows cus- Many issues equipped with two fiber optic

tomers— supporting have been fixed Hugyfot’s HFC sync connectors supporting four

XP and Vista. Adobe including saving 400D is very ergo- directly connected strobes, each

says this is to allow 16-bit images as nomic, allowing capable of S-TTL operation. The

a smoother transi- TIFF files, support for one hand housing is supported with a multi-

tion to newer hardware plat- for transparency when saving PNG

forms—namely, the Mac. The photography, coated optical glass port system

files, retention of EXIF data when

free beta can be downloaded files are duplicated, and prob- and is depth with Magnetic Rotary System

at Adobe’s website by any user lems moving floating text. This free rated down (MRS) manual focusing possible

with a valid Creative Suite 2 or update is recommended for all cur- to 100 meters. on some models.

Photoshop CS2 serial number. rent users. It is available for down- The housings are www.inonamerica.com

labs.adobe.com load at www.corel.com/support CNC milled out of

solid blocks of

aluminium.

The Photo & Videography Section is sponsored by: www.hugyfot.com Sea&Sea’s DX-400D underwater housing for

the Canon EOS 400D/Digital Rebel

XT is made from a combination of

corrosion resistant aluminum alloy

and polycarbonate. Depth-rated to

180 feet, the housing also includes a

3 pin N-type connector (for attach-

ing a YS-series strobe); a A TTL con-

Welcome to the Future of Photography verter; a leak sensor; and a 0.66x

For more information, please visit: www.h2ophotopros.com viewfinder. www.seaandsea.com





91 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

New Zealand Dive Experiences Bottom Bunch Dive Club, San Diego, US Danish dive shop & online store

Dive Operators AMERICAS Dive Operators RED SEA Expand your diving and underwater Promoting safe diving and having fun www.dykcen.dk

At the Water’s Edge, MA, USA Emperor Divers, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt photography horizons in Kiwi country www.bottombunchdiveclub.com Diveshoppen, Denmark

When you just gotta dive! Your Red Sea dive specialists www.nzdivexperiences.com British Sub Aqua Club (BSAC), UK In the heart of Copenhagen

www.lovetodive.com www.emperordivers.com Ningaloo Reef Dive, Western Australia Where sport diving began... www.diveshoppen.dk

Captain Slate’s Atlantis Dive Center Nemo Divers, Eliat, Israel Preferred operators on the West Coast www.bsac.co.uk LondonDivingNet —The best place in

For the very best diving in the Florida Red Sea’s best little dive center www.ningalooreefdive.com.au Dansk Sportsdykker Forbund, Denmark London to learn to dive

Keys www.captianslate.com www.nemodivers.co.il Perth Diving, Australia —Western Aus- 7500 members in 152 clubs in Denmark www.londondiving.net

Tiedeman’s Diving Center, NY, USA tralia’s premier diving organisation www.sportsdykning.dk Ocean Dive Explorers, Denmark



Business

Long Island’s Premier Scuba Ed Facility

www.tdconline.com

Dive Operators AFRICA

www.perthdiving.com.au Los Angeles Underwater Photographic

Society, USA www.laups.org

TDI/SDI Scandinavia

www.oceandive.dk

Tuneffe Island Lodge Dive Solutions, South Africa —Diving Liveaboards Northumbria Sub Aqua Club, UK SuperDive.dk —Copenhagen

Directory A private Caribbean Island Mozambique, tech & rec dive educ Dive training and trips dive center, tours and trips

www.tuneffelodge.com www.divesolutions.co.za Nautilus Explorer Liveaboard, USA www.divenorthumbria.co.uk PADI, NAUI and NAUI Tech

Utila Dive Center, Honduras Diving Mantas to Icebergs Saddleworth Sub-Aqua Club, UK NAUI representative in Denmark

Welcome to the Whaleshark experts www.nautilusexplorer.com Based in the Pannine hills of Lancashire www.superdive.dk

www.utiladivecenter.com

Dive Operators ASIA Ocean Rover —Cruises in Thailand, www.saddleworth-subaqua.co.uk Simply Scuba, UK & International

Utopia Village —Coming 2007: Dive, Bali International Diving Professionals Myanmar, Indonesia and Malaysia Southern Division Diving Club One-stop online dive shop

Fish, Relax in Utila, Honduras. Opening Specialists in Macro to Pelagic Sights www.oceanrover.com Netherlands: Dive with us, you can’t www.simplyscuba.com

specials sign up www.utopiautila.com bidp-balidiving.com SMY Ondina —Dive Indonesia sink lower! www.sd-diving.nl Thyges Dykkercenter, Denmark —IAHD

Big Bubble Center, Singapore www.smyondina.com Tufts University Scuba Club, MA, USA 5 star PADI instructor development ctr

Taking the mystery out of scuba diving www.thebestdivingintheworld.co New adventures, new buddies www.thygedive.dk

Dive Operators EUROPE www.bigbubble.com Star Dancer Liveaboard, Australia www.ase.tufts.edu/scuba

Dive Academy Gran Canary Island Delphis Diving, Maldives Peter Huges Diving Adventures Underwater BC Photography Society Dive Travel Agents

Europe’s most southern dive center Since 1982. Safe, personal & organised www.peterhughes.com Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

To order a directory listing: www.diveacademy-grancanaria.com www.delphis.com.mv www.ubcps.bc.ca AquaTours UK

Diving World, Netherlands Lumbalumba Diving - Manado SCUBA & UWP Clubs Aquatours specialise in Scuba Diving

Call or email to reserve space Dive travel specialists Small, cosy and personalized dive Dive Shops holidays world-wide. Aquatours.com

30 days before publication. Text www.divingworld.nl resort in Bunaken Marine Park Aalesunds Sportsdykkerclub, Norway Blue o Two Operating since 2001, blue

due 15 days before publication Dykkercenter Langeland, Denmark www.lumbalumbadiving.com På Voldsdalsberga ved Borgundfjorden o two offers tailor-made diving holiday

date. Send link and text info to: Cabins & Wreck diving in Denmark Sipadan Water Village Resort, Sabah www.aasdk.no Carlsens Dykkercenter, Denmark packages to THAILAND, RED SEA, USVI

BizDir@xray-mag.com www.dykkercenterlangeland.dk Luxurious diving resort in Borneo Ajax Scuba Club, Ontario, Canada Education, Equipment & Service and MALTA. www.blueotwo.com

Eden Roc Amigos Del Mar www.swvresort.com Serving Durham Ontario since 1975 www.cdcdyk.dk Dive Discovery, Houston, TX, USA

€195 PER YEAR: Costa Brava Irish owned, reef, wrecks, Tioman Scuba —Finest diving at the www.ajaxscubaclub.on.ca Deep Six Underwater Systems, USA Complete dive & adventure travel

Six serial text listings (60 x 15 mm, caves, Clubs & individuals welcome best price in Peninsula Malaysia Alberta Underwater Council, Canada New Paltz, NY —We ship worldwide www.divediscovery.com

3 lines x 30 characters per line www.eden-roc-dive.com www.tiomanscuba.com Underwater sports & eco-awareness www.deep-six.com US Dive Travel Network, USA

incl. spaces). Must be prepaid Media-Sub, Erstein, France —Underwa- Ocean Adventures —Philippines ws.albertaunderwatercouncil.com Divers Supply, USA —Shop us for the Not just a vacation, an adventure!

with credit card through PayPal. ter video and photography equipment Welcome to the world of wonder Barnacle Busters Scuba Club, USA best prices, equipment and service! www.usdivetravel.com

com and text received no later and service www.mediasub.com www.oceanadventure.com.ph Los Angeles/Long Beach (Gay/Lesbian) www.diverssupplyusa.com

than 15 days before publica- Profondo Blu, Ustica Swanido, Biak, Indonesia Discover the www.barnaclebusters.org Dykkercentret, Denmark

tion. An underwater paradise in the Med Hidden Treasures in Cenderawasih Bay

www.ustica-diving.it www.swanido.com Wet & Weird

FORMAT: Scuba.Lu, Luxemburg —Diving Luxem- World’s Tallest Man Saves Dolphins in China

LINE 1: Business name, city/state burg-Worldwide expeditions Dive Operators AUSTRALIA At the Royal Jidi Ocean World Aquarium in China, veteri-

or province, country www.scuba.lu Abyss Scuba Diving, Sydney Australia narians found two of the dolphins ill after they ingested

LINE 2: Slogan or services/offers Timuna Sea, London, UK Scuba diving in Australia is worldclass some plastic found near their pool. While attempting

LINE 3: Website or email address Premier diving specialist in East London www.abyss.com.au surgery, the vets were forced to stop because their in-

(active link) www.timunasea.com Aquapro Dive Services Australia struments were going to lacerate the stomachs of the

West Wales Diving Center, UK Your first choice for instructor training dolphins. A sudden brainstorm brought an urgent call to

Longest serving dive center in Wales www.aquaprodive.com Bao Xishun, a herdsman from Inner Mongolia. At 7 feet, 9 News edited by

INFORMATION: www.westwalesdivers.co.uk Deep Sea Divers Den, Australia inches, he is the world’s tallest man. Xishun came to the Gunild Symes

Zapp Divers, Denmark





CHINA DAILY

www.xray-mag.com Diving Great Barrier Reef & Queens- aquarium and stretched his 41. inch long arms into the

BizDir@xray-mag.com Dive tours around Jutland land www.diversden.com.au dolphins’ mouths to physcially remove the plastic from their

www.zappdivers.dk Eagle Hawk Dive Center, Tasmania stomachs. While a few small pieces remained, the vets said the dolphins

Tazmanian Peninsula dive specialists Bao Xishun and friend soon digested and passed the leftover bits. SOURCE: Newsvine.com ■

www.eaglehawkdive.com.au



92 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

Coral Reef Alliance —Working togeth- Lines & Shadows —Home of the best Underwater Australasia —Australia & Michael Portelly, UK

er to keep coral reefs dive source of UWP, travel & adventure Asia Pacific’s most popular dive portal

UW Photo, Video, Film Director and Cinematographer

www.coralreef.org www.linesandshadows.com www.underwater.com.au Alex Mustard, PhD, UK www.portelly.com

The Manta Network NauticFriend.com —The Ultimate UnderwaterTimes —A daily journal of UWP and Marine Biologist Nonoy Tan, Metro Manila, Philippines

Help Save the Mantas Worldwide Watersports Directory life in and around water www.amustard.com Underwater images of the Philippines

www.save-the-mantas.org www.nauticfriend.com www.underwatertimes.com Amos Nachoum Big Animals nonoytan@yahoo.com

Onderwaterfoto, Netherlands University of Michigan, OSEH Worldwide expeditions & adventure Poppe Images, Philippines

Online Dive Resources Digital UWP Forum Dive links by Larry “Harris” Taylor, PhD www.biganimals.com Marine Iconography of the Philippines



Business Cairns Scuba Diving Australia

www.onderwaterfoto.net

One Ocean —Earn frequent diver

www-personal.umich.edu

WetPixel, USA

Bill Becher Outdoor & Adventure

Writing & Photography —CA, USA

www.poppe-images.com

Thomas Peschak, South Africa

Directory Dive training & travel holidays

www.divedirectory.com.au

points toward equipment & travel

www.oneocean.com

Digital imaging for divers

www.wetpixel.com

www.becher.com

Cathy Church, Cayman Islands

Africa’s Oceans and Coasts

www.currentsofcontrast.com

DiveGuru, Deerfield, FL, USA Patrick Musimu, Freediving Champion World-Newspapers.com UWP Center, Classes, Trips, Services Tony White, UK

When you want answers... Accept No Limits Scuba Diving Magazines Online www.cathychurch.com Underwater imagery at its best!

Publishers www.diveguru.net www.patrickmusimu.com www.world-newspapers.com/scuba City Seahorse, Dallas, TX, USA www.seaofdreams.co.uk

DiveIndex.com —All links diving related Scuba Duba —Online diving resource UWP & Raja Ampat stock & tours UV Foto, Norway

Best Publishing Co, Flagstaff, AZ, USA Newest, top-rated, most popular for news, equipment, buddies & travel UWP Competitions www.cityseahorse.com Underwater photos of Stein Johnsen

Scuba diving & hyperbaric medicine www.diveindex.com www.scubaduba.com Edwin Marcow, UK www.uvfoto.no

www.bestpub.com DivePhotoGuide —The essential Scuba Spots —The World’s Oldest, National Wildlife Photography Awards Marine & Wildlife Photographer Water Ventures

Oceans Enterprises resource for UWPs & Videographers Largest Scuba Directory Deadline: July 15th, 2006 www.edwinmarcow.com Travel, diving and culinary images

Diving and Underwater Books www.divephotoguide.com www.scubaspots.com www.nwf.org Jack Connick, WA, USA www.waterventures.no

www.oceans.com.au Diverlink —A comprehensive resource Scuba.start4all.com —Diving directory Santa Barbara Ocean Film Festival UWP & Graphic Design

Pine Belt Publishing for divers and dive businesses in cooperation with Diving World Deadline: August 30, 2006 www.opticalocean.com

Onlline Book Distributors www.diverlink.com www.scuba.start4all.com www.ocean.com John Collins Photography, Kinsale, UK

www.pinebeltpublishing.com Divester ScubaDiveSites.com, Australia XARIFA Unterwasser Foto & Film Festival Cool Waters-Emeral Seas Wet & Weird

Weblong’s premier diveblog Listing Dive Sites Worldwide 14-15 October 2006, Germany www.johncollinskinsale.com

Dive Manufacturers www.divester.com

Dykcentralen, Sweden

www.scubadivesites.com

UK Diving —UK Scuba Diving

www.uwfv.de/xarifa

World Festival of Underwater Pictures

Jon Gross & Keith Clements, WA, USA

Marine Life Index

Cochran Swedish divelink index Resource & Network 25-29 October 2006, Antibes, France www.seaotter.com

Undersea Technology www.dykcentralen.se www.ukdivers.com www.underwater-festival.com

www.divecochran.com

Dive Junkie, Singapore —Fun, fashion-

able and expressive scuba dive t-shirts Meet Bubba the Fish... News edited by

Gunild Symes

www.divejunkie.com.sg

Diving Unlimited International, USA At a depth of 2,977 feet, a water tempera-

Unlimited comfort, performance, quality ture of 10.3°C and salinity of 35.3,

dui-online.com researchers found one of only

three Shaefer’s anglerfish,

Stuck in the Toilet?

Fourth Element, UK —High tech, high Love fish so much you can’t be without

quality dive clothing and design or Sladenia shaefersi, to be

seen in the world. The other them for even a minute? Well, now you

www.fourthelement.com can enjoy your fishy friends in the WC with

Nocturnal Lights, CA, USA —Advanced two specimens were found

off the coast of Columbia in 1976 this cool little number (left). It’s called a

lighting systems for diving, UWP, video Fish’n’Flush and touted as “a whim-

www.nocturnallights.com and Aruba later. Research diver,

Josh Loefer, was credited with sical potty that turns your

Reefling Clothing toilet into a nautical won-

Divewear that inspires diving finding the specimen and gave it

the unique identifying name, Bubba. derland” by its creators at

www.reefling.com Aqua One Technologies

Silent Diving Systems, USA Bubba (left) was taken abaard the

research vessel where he was measured, located where else but

Closed circuit rebreather distribution in that innovative state of

www.silentdiving.com weighed, studied and preserved. Bacteria was

also taken from Bubba for antimicrobial study. California, USA. They also

The “fishing poles” sticking out of Bubba’s head are say on their website that the

Non-Profit Organisations illiceum. They are the first and second spines of his dor- funky flusher will maximize

space, provide entertainment

International Association of sal fin and attract prey swimming just above his huge

This specimen is one of only three Shaefer’s mouth. He then sucks them in for a tasty meal. SOURCE: and excitement... Got to have

Handicapped Divers (IAHD Foundation) one? See www.fishnflush.com ■

anglerfish ever seen in the world NOAA ■

www.iahd.org





93 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

Sue Duda Editted by Gunild Pak Symes

All images are original batik on silk by Sue Duda



Blending her love of the sea and its cherished creatures

with the ancient art of Batik, a die and wax technique

on silk, Sue Dudas has created an ocean of art work to

delight the most hardy sea lover.



Sue Duda received her education in art at the University of Wisconsin-Ste-

vens Point in the U.S. where she earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Art in 1976.

She spent the next 22 years working as a studio potter. Experiences in

scuba diving and snorkeling led Duda to incorporate the ocean’s won-

derous colors and intricate patterns on silk, using the wax-resist method of

batik.

On silk, vibrant

colors harmoni-

ously blend creating

bright, eye-catching designs. Duda says that

foregrounds of the batik paintings are uniquely

enhanced by the crackled backgrounds. The









textural effect emulates the look of sunrays streaming through water,

which enhances the allure of Duda’s underwater pieces. Through her

batik work, Duda hopes to share her love for the rich environment of

the underwater world, its color and life. By drawing attention to the

ocean with her images, she wants to positively influence human-

COUNTERCLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: Beaked Butterflyfish; Quilfin Blenny, 22 x 27 inches; Ascent, kind’s awareness of the ocean’s fragile ecosystem.

30 x 24 inches; Clown Triggerfish; Red Banded Wrasse, 24 x 28 inches Bringing the splendors of the underwater world to the surface, Duda





94 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

Sue Duda

portfolio The Lookdowns design (right) is available on sweatshirts,

t-shirts, mugs, tote bags and other apparel and gifts

through www.cafepress.com/xray-mag.com









creates cheerful art for others to

enjoy and ocean art enthusiasts

can enjoy building distinctive col-

lections.

Duda recommends framing your

original batiks on silk between two

layers of glass in order to allow light

to pass through the batik. It creates

a spectacular conversation piece

when placed near a window in

your home, office or on your yacht.

Originals can also be framed in

conventional styles as well.

The artist has won several local

and regional awards for her art

work. Several of her pieces have

been published by Sundance Graphics See her work at the following websites: CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: Mandarinfish, 23 x 28 inches;

and Ocean Arts Gallery. Duda focuses on Ocean Dudes by Duda Lookdowns, 24 x 28 inches; Queen of the Sea, 28 x 24 inch-

sea life but also creates freshwater fish, Original batiks, greeting cards and prints es; Trunkfish; Bluestripped Grunt Quints, 25 x 19.5 inches;

nature, and music batiks. www.oceandudes.com Cardinalfish, 22.5 x 28 inches





95 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

portfolio Sue Duda









Ocean Arts Gallery The X-RAY MAG Store CLOCKWSIE FROM TOP LEFT: Head Green Border; Head Red Border, Tail

Fine art giclée prints of batiks T-shirts, apparel, gifts and more Blue Border; Spotfin Butterflyfish and Juveniles; King Angelfish; Spotted

www.oceanartsgallery.com www.cafepress.com/xraymag Hogfish





96 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED

portfolio ◄ Sue Duda shows off her original batik on silk of Two Moorish Idols,

framed with primavera wood between two layers of glass

Sue Duda IN OUR NEXT ISSUE

The Red Sea

Saudi Arabia

New Zealand









BARB ROY









BARB ROY









CLOCKWISE FROM TOP: Dive Flag, 20 x 24 inches. The artist

created this brand new batik especially for X-RAY MAG.

It might very well be the only batik dive flag design avail-

able; Moorish Idol; Banded Butterflyfish, 30 x 24 inches





A percentage of all sales from The X-RAY MAG Store PETER SYMES

and Ocean Arts goes to ocean conservation!

Masterpiece Giclees can be ordered in 3 differ-

ent sizes on the customer’s choice of canvas or

watercolor paper. The color on these giclées is fabu-

COMING IN APRIL

lous! Inquiries about purchasing original batiks can Subscribe now FREE!

be sent to Sue Duda at: tel. 715-356-4526, e-mail:

sue@oceandudes.com. Prices of some of the originals www.xray-mag.com

can be viewed on Sue’s website: www.oceandudes.

com ■



97 X-RAY MAG : 15 : 2007 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED