IMMIGRATION
INTO THE EUROPEAN
UNION
FROM THE THIRD
COUNTRIES
“Flexibility in a transnational and
transitional labour market”
Welcome!
Members of the topic group:
• Asta Vazgauskaite and Lina Sumskaite
• Moisès Farrés Serra
• Alessandro Giovanelli and Clelia Pesce
• Sofie Vlamings
• Janine Slabbekoorn
• Stefanie Balla
Coaches: Bart Roels and Lizzy Challik
Overview
• Thesis
• Ageing of the EU labour market
• History and facts
• Legislation
• Consequences
• Conclusion
• Recommendation
• Immigration policy
• Integration policy
Thesis
ORGANISED IMMIGRATION AS A WAY
TO FILL UP THE FUTURE GAP IN
THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET
Ageing of the European labour market
Ageing society
Population Projections:
2005 2025 2050
EU (25 countries)
458.5 470.1 449.8
• Share of elderly will increase by 35% in the next 20 years
• Because of the current birth rate the younger group is much
smaller
• Effect: gap on the European labour market
Effect of the demographic ageing
The population of the European Union by age, sex and labour
status in 2005 (observed) and 2025 (projected)
Shortage on the labour market
Effect of labour migration on employment 2005- 2050 in
the EU-25
Baseline No migration
Employment Immigrated labour
employment employment
2005 2005-2050
2050 2050
194 551 000 -31 926 000 -54 449 000 22 523 000
(- 16%) (- 28%)
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF
EUROPEAN MIGRATION
History of migration
• 1945 - 1960s - displacements of World War II, the return
migration, inflows of workers
• 1950s – migration emerged – Italians, Spanish, Portuguese,
Greeks, Turks, Yugoslavs, Tunisians and Moroccans
• 1970s - “no job considerations”, most notably by “quality of life”
factors, including environment and cost of living issues
• 2004 - 25 million (5.5%) (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and
the UK)
Historical immigration figures
The number of citizens from the 10 new Member States of the total
population of the EU-15
2000-2004
EU-15 0.2%
Germany 0.6%
Net migration in the EU-25
2005
EU-25 Member States (except
Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, POSITIVE
the Netherlands, Estonia.)
Population change
Source: Eurostat
Current legislation at European level
Immigration policy
Community pillar
(Freedom, Security, Justice)
Since 1999
Treaty of
Amsterdam
Current legislation on European level
The Tampere Agenda of the European Council
(1999- 2004)
Achievements:
• Family reunification
• EU long-term residence status
• Students, researchers
Current legislation on European level
The role of the Commission
1. Several proposals for the implementation of a
common immigration policy
2. Proposal for a Directive
3. Soft law
Last initiatives of the European Commission
• The communication “Migration and Development”
• The Green Paper
• The Policy Plan on Legal Migration
Current legislation on European level
Integration policies
• The Hague Programme
• The Best Practices Exchange: Network of National
Contacts Point
• Handbook on Integration
• A Common Agenda for integration
• Financial resources: Integration Fund
Current legislation on national level
Quota based
ITALY Work as a key
systems
SPAIN No possibility
Need for to enter
Investigation and looking for a job
analysis of the
LM
Current legislation on national level
Flexible LITHUANIA
BELGIUM
Systems
Special case:
GERMANY
THE NETHERLANDS
Work residence
Current legislation on national level
The problem
of qualified workers
Low skilled and high skilled
divisions
The GERMAN model
Consequences on European level
• Gap on the European labour market will be filled
• Growth of the employment rate
• Cultural compromise will take a more significant place in
society and on the labour market
• New demands for flexibility, cooperation, mobility,
education
• More bureaucratic inconveniences and legal restrictions
Consequences for employers and
employees
Employers (company level):
• Need to introduce policies to manage cultural differences
• Need more flexible labour contracts
• Have to adjust the recruitment canals
• Cultural dialogue
Employees (from third countries):
• More possibilities to get employed
• More possibilities to get a better job position
• Social and cultural difficulties
Conclusion
Ageing of Labour Market
Shortage of 32 million on the European labour Market (16%, 2050)
In the past and at present migrant workers are needed to
decrease the shortage on labour market
But this need will grow, by the effects of the demographic
ageing
Conclusion
Migration as a solution
• Countries versus EU policies
• Integration of immigrants
o Right
o Duty
• Protection of rights of immigrants
o Regulation of entrance
o Policies for migrants
Recommendations
1. Immigration policy
2. Country related recommendations
3. Initiatives of the EU
4. Integration policy
1. Immigration policy
• Different canals for high skilled and low
skilled employees = a selective migration
• Flexibilise the criteria of entrance:
Canadian model
The proposal
EU 3rd country (D)
Regional
Country A employment
Centralized
agency
Employment
(REA)
Agency
(CEA)
Central
Country B employment
European Migration agency
CEA agency
REA
Country C
CEA
REA
A nurse
EURES
2. Country related recommendations
Labour market versus Security and Public order
Canadian model
Belgium, the Netherlands Manage the migrants inside
Italy, Spain Manage the arriving flows of migration
Germany Flexibilise the system;
Canadian model
Lithuania More admissions (based on needs)
3. Initiatives of the EU
• Soft law versus hard law
• Special institution:
European Migration Agency
4. Integration policy
• Improve access to education
• Cultural integration
• Non-racist and intercultural approach
• Equal treatment should be enforced
• Same social rights as EU- nationals makes EU attractive
The End
Thank you for your attention
Any questions? Please dial Bart Roels