Advanced Civil Engineering
Education Initiative
The Background
Richard Jardine
Professor of Geomechanics
Director of MSc Programme
Civil Engineering Counts!
Societal challenges
• Health and quality of life: water supply and
treatment, transport, buildings
• Energy supply and conservation: offshore
oil and gas, wind generators, nuclear etc
• Protecting the public: road safety,
earthquakes, floods, landslides…..
Aberfan
1966
Civil Engineering Counts!
Economic challenges
• UK Construction: £74.7bn per year!
High risk; low profit; low share values; 30% too
expensive? Can it be better organised/managed?
• UK Construction services £7 to £8bn!
Much of it in exports. But can these knowledge
businesses remain competitive without high level
skills?
Civil Engineering Counts!
Environmental challenges
• Industry’s perceived negative impact
• At odds with actual role in protecting
natural environment and enhancing towns
& cities
• Crucial now to develop rational strategies
for sustainable future
Sustainable cites….living with difficult neighbours?
Civil Engineering teams and skills
GPs and specialists
• Longstanding recognition of need for specialism.
Suite of Imperial College MScs set up in 1940’s
• Growing need for specialist education that cannot
be provided by BEng, MEng, or CPD
• PhDs are valuable but rarely required for practice
• Specialist MSc courses most cost-effective means
• Example of demand: half UK geotechnical
specialists have MScs; 50% from Imperial College
Civil Engineering Human Resources crisis
• Highly skilled professionals needed to meet
technical, managerial, environmental challenges
• Skills shortages cited as major problem in
surveys, limiting ability to deliver - from
transport to deepwater energy
• Example of AGS. Among top 4 problems facing
industry were:
• Quality of work
• Skills shortages
• Cuts in funding for MSc students
Applications to Imperial College Civil MSc courses
600
500
400
UK & EU
300 Overseas
Total
200
100
0
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
Enrolment down from maximum of 160 to 125
Now 71% non-UK domiciled entry
Trends in A level entries: 1992 = 100
120
100
80
Total
60 Maths
Physics
40
20
0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Trends in undergraduate applications for
Civil Engineering degrees: 1994 = 100
120
100
80
Imperial
60
UK
40
20
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
MSc applications lag several years behind UGs
Civil Engineering Human Resources crisis
• Cultural drift away from physical sciences:
`A’ level and degree choices; fewer graduates
• UK graduates less inclined to undertake
specialist MScs:
• Four year MEng
• Student debt
• EPSRC/NERC funds cut for core topics
• Low salaries & status issues
• MSc gives little financial benefit
• Decades needed to repay personal
investment
Civil Engineering at Universities
• Courses are expensive to run; able students and
staff are hard to attract; MSc studies have a low
priority; economics don’t add up
• General trend is to contract; many courses
closing or under threat
• Strategy at Imperial College: to swim upstream!
• First step was to survey 300+ MSc and MEng
students
Advanced Civil Engineering Education Initiative
• Reconfiguring Imperial courses to optimise:
• Appeal to able students
• Educational topicality, relevance, quality
• Economics, flexibility of delivery
• Interact with ICE, ISE, RAEng etc; Research
Councils (EPSRC, NERC); Industry; Government
– seek participation & support
• Build funding for Imperial College courses and
student bursaries; create opportunities
• Publicise our findings and opportunities on offer
Reconfiguring our MSc courses
Wise up, don’t dumb down!
• Regrouping of 9 existing courses into 4 clusters:
• Advanced structures
• Environment
• Geotechnics
• Transport
• Introduction of two new courses:
• Integrated structures
• Earthquake Engineering
• New options in all four clusters for dual degree
titles. 25 MSc titles created by adding 25% of:
• Business Management or
• Sustainable Development
Advanced Structural Concrete Structures
Engineering Cluster Concrete Structures & Business Management
Concrete Structures & Sustainable Development
Structural Steel Design
Structural Steel Design & Business Management
Structural Steel Design & Sustainable Development
Earthquake Engineering
Integrated Structural Engineering
Geotechnics Cluster Soil Mechanics
Soil Mechanics & Engineering Seismology
Soil Mechanics & Environmental Geotechnics
Soil Mechanics & Business Management
Soil Mechanics & Sustainable Development
Engineering Geology
Engineering Geology& Business Management
Engineering Geology & Sustainable Development
Environmental Cluster Environmental Engineering
Environmental Engineering & Business Management
Environmental Engineering & Sustainable Development
Hydrology for Environmental Management
Hydrology& Business Management
Hydrology & Sustainable Development
Transport Cluster Transport
Transport & Business Management
Transport & Sustainable Development
Advanced Civil Engineering Initiative: other steps
• Part time and CPD extension options on all MScs
• MTP funding from EPSRC for geotechnics &
transport, also NERC funding for hydrology
• Industrial bursary group. 12 geotechnical
members; recruitment inside track; liaison
groups for other MScs
• Seeking further funding and liaison with Industry
and Research Councils
• www.cv.imperial.ac.uk/courses/msc/pg_index.asp
Finally
• Skills shortage is impinging on quality of
professional work
• Claims against PI cover are soaring, frequency
doubling in last decade in some sectors
• MSc course recruitment will become more difficult
with time: fewer graduates, more debt etc..
• Concerted effort needed if courses are not to fold
and skills stream dry up altogether
• Our `call to arms’ to Institutions, Research
Councils, Government and Industry; help us with
funding and student recruitment!
Civil Engineering Counts
Earthquake Engineering
An Example of the need for technical specialists
Nicholas N. Ambraseys
Senior Research Fellow
[EARTHQUAKE RISK] = [SEISMIC HAZARD] [VULNERABILITY] (LOSS)
*
Seismic Hazard
Probability of occurrence of earthquake at a given site
& period of time
Reflects Regional & local seismotectonic activity
It is beyond human control, but knowledge of it is possible
(long-term seismicity)
Vulnerability
Physical characteristics of structure
It can be assessed, controlled and reduced
Loss
Cost of restoring structure to its state just before
the earthquake
Any other form of loss/value
MSc in Earthquake Engineering
(Structures Cluster)
MSc in Soil Mechanics &
Engineering Seismology
(Geotechnics Cluster)
Sustainable Cities
The New MSc
David Fisk
RAEng Prof Engineering for Sustainable Development
Cities – Where Most of Us Live
Cities – As They Shouldn’t Be
Cities – As They Mustn't Be!
Urbanisation Still Growing
48
46
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
% Pop Urban
GEO 02
Engineering Can Make a Difference
Municipal Waste Asia and Pacific 2030
UNEP ‘GEO 3’ Scenarios
Engineering Can Make A Difference
Percent Land Area
Impacted By
Infrastructure 2030
GEO 02
Engineering Can Make A Difference
Percent Land
Built Up Area 2030
GEO 02
From Problems
to Practical Solutions
The Sustainable Development Module
Learning to Think in 4 Dimensions
Thinking in Three Dimensions
Space
Tight
Tolerances
Create
Costs
Space
Thinking in Four Dimensions
Lifetime consequences of
design decisions for
Space
Economic
Social
Environmental
Capital
Going Further in Four Dimensions
Creating
Space future
options
Matching the Design Process
Space
Delivery
Needs
Vision
Matching the Design Process
Balanced
Space Scorecard
techniques
Delivery
Needs
Vision
Balanced Scorecard
Matching the Design Process
Life
Space Cycle Analysis
Techniques
Delivery
Needs
Vision
Life Cycle Analysis
Key Issue Axes Benchmark Values
Matching the Design Process
Value
Space Engineering
Techniques
Delivery
Needs
Vision
Detailed Studies
• Water supply and management
• Waste management
• Transport infrastructure
• Energy
• Sustainable construction
• Developing Country Infrastructure
• Urban Air quality and pollution
• Sustainable city
Page no./ref
Advanced Civil Engineering
Education Initiative
Business Management
Stephen Glaister
Professor of Transport and Infrastructure
Business and policy skills for practising
engineers
Human behaviour and response to incentives
Fundamentals of funding and financing
The public realm
Understanding data: facts not prejudice
Three case studies from London experience
Congestion Charging.
A large and highly visible “experiment”
Congestion charging: the skills involved
Traffic engineering
Systems, IT
– Will the technology and data bases be adequate?
Measuring trip patterns; survey work
Modelling behaviour
– how will individuals respond to changed incentives?
Individual choice modelling
“Criminology” rates of detection and penalty
levels
Congestion charging: the skills involved
Appraisal – is it good value for money?
– Economics of consumer behaviour
Who gains, who loses and by how much?
Public attitudes; surveys
Is it good policy?
There is grave shortage of transport planners
and economists
Understanding a business
Transport for London budget
2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09
London Buses 436.9 675.4 783.3 865.4 935.7 1,002.3 1,086.0
Street Management 408.2 429.0 443.1 463.6 454.4 438.2 414.8
Rail Services 18.9 29.6 48.3 33.9 23.4 10.9 10.9
Docklands Light Railway 42.8 56.1 57.5 98.3 108.5 73.0 38.7
Etc Etc Etc Etc Etc Etc Etc Etc
TfL Net Expenditure 1,008.7 1,428.4 1,511.4 1,712.2 1,730.6 1,723.5 1,778.7
Lul Funding Shortfall 0.0 173.0 149.0 234.0 269.0 279.0 292.0
CrossRail Implementation (50%) 0.0 0.0 25.0 75.0 15.0 0.0 0.0
Total Funding Required 1,008.7 1,601.4 1,685.4 2,021.2 2,014.6 2,002.5 2,070.7
Indicative Transport Grant (1,023.0) (1,219.0) (1,230.0) (1,053.2) (1,022.6) (1,019.6) (985.2)
GLA Precept (35.8) (35.8) (35.8) (35.8) (35.8) (35.8) (35.8)
CC operating surplus (7.0) (121.0) (126.0) (127.4) (126.2) (125.6) (125.0)
Total Funding (1,065.8) (1,351.8) (1,415.8) (1,216.4) (1,184.6) (1,181.0) (1,146.0)
Funding Shortfall 249.6 269.6 804.8 830.0 821.5 924.7
Understanding the bus business
Why does the budgeted deficit increase so
much?
Is this a good thing?
Is this budget likely to be sustainable?
Understanding the bus business: what to
do?
Fares policy
Quality and volume of service policy
The cost base
- Procurement: competition?
- Labour market?
- Management?
Justification for increased subsidy
– value for public money?
Funding and financing: Crossrail
Choosing a route – what’s it for?
Congestion relief or regeneration?
Civil engineering design
Procurement & project management
Funding and financing: Crossrail
Form of contract with suppliers?
- What really went wrong with Jubilee Line Extension?
Private Finance Initiative or public sector?
- Managing cost risk?
Risk and cost of capital
- Nb PPP for London Underground!
Funding and financing: Crossrail
Value for money?
Who pays?
– distinctions between funding and financing
Innovative funding mechanisms
Taxes, charges, development gains
The public realm: Crossrail
Planning controls
– What are they for?
Parliamentary process
– Transport and Works Act; Hybrid bills
Policy control and political accountability
– Devolution: central vs local government
– Local government finance
The public realm: microeconomic policy
Competition policy
Economic regulation of utilities
– Consumer welfare
– Consumer behaviour
– Industrial structure
– Industrial behaviour
Business and policy skills for practising
engineers
Human behaviour
Fundamentals of funding and financing
The public realm
Facts
These courses will help the student understand
what business people, economists, civil
servants and politicians are trying to achieve
A personal perspective
Charles Walker
Architect-Engineer
MSc DIC
Arup Advanced Geometry Unit
‘A View From Industry’
MARTYN STROUD
Principal Director, Arup
‘A View From Industry’
MARTYN STROUD
Principal Director, Arup
Arup Geotechnics, London:
Technical Staff
Tim Chapman Hoe Yeow Chris Dulake Paul Morrison
Dominic Holt Anton Pillai Brian Coles David Gill
Janice Windle Mehdi Yazdchi Alan Winter Karen Fletcher
Tim Robinson Heleni Pantelidou Steve Macklin Peter Nono Bwomono
Peter Ingram Vicky Potts Stephen Wilson Mark Adams
Vicki Hope Cedric Wong
Erica Seddon Dinesh Patel Phil Morley Nick O’Riordan
Charlie Strick Sarah Hughes Mark Gaby Andrew Ross
Beccy Lock Guy Waddington Louisa Groves Esad Porovic
Nick Elton Catherine Pill Sarah Munks Julian Wallace
James Robinson Matthew Shinkel Andrew Harland
David Pascall David Beadman Eddie Woods
Asim Gaba Cyrus Toms Sara Anderson Dominic Woolnough
Chris Barker Tim Hocombe Lohini Ganesharatnam Frank Mimnagh
Neil Chadwick Jeffrey Pereira Alan Hon-Lam Cheng Sam Tan
Adam Pickles Matthew Gilliver Mike Devriendt Keith Bowers
Graham Elliott Paul Watson
Ivan Lim David Clare Mark Rudrum Adam Chodorowski
Geraldine Cheung Zygi Lubkowski Matt Willis Hilary Shields
Zedi Nyirenda Nick Sartain Emma Adams Dave Twine
Martin Greenacre Chris Martin Andrew Lord
Chris Humpheson Peter Brice Rod Alwright
Navin Peiris Richard Brantingham Stephen von Roon
Neville Lui Anna Pearson
Sam Godden Roger Lee
Emily So Adrian Shrubsall
Arup Geotechnics, London:
Technical Staff with MSc’s
Tim Chapman Hoe Yeow Chris Dulake Paul Morrison
Dominic Holt Anton Pillai Brian Coles David Gill
Janice Windle Mehdi Yazdchi Alan Winter Karen Fletcher
Tim Robinson Heleni Pantelidou Steve Macklin Peter Nono Bwomono
Peter Ingram Vicky Potts Stephen Wilson Mark Adams
Vicki Hope Cedric Wong
Erica Seddon Dinesh Patel Phil Morley Nick O’Riordan
Charlie Strick Sarah Hughes Mark Gaby Andrew Ross
Beccy Lock Guy Waddington Louisa Groves Esad Porovic
Nick Elton Catherine Pill Sarah Munks Julian Wallace
James Robinson Matthew Shinkel Andrew Harland
David Pascall David Beadman Eddie Woods
Asim Gaba Cyrus Toms Sara Anderson Dominic Woolnough
Chris Barker Tim Hocombe Lohini Ganesharatnam Frank Mimnagh
Neil Chadwick Jeffrey Pereira Alan Hon-Lam Cheng Sam Tan
Adam Pickles Matthew Gilliver Mike Devriendt Keith Bowers
Graham Elliott Paul Watson
Ivan Lim David Clare Mark Rudrum Adam Chodorowski
Geraldine Cheung Zygi Lubkowski Matt Willis Hilary Shields
Zedi Nyirenda Nick Sartain Emma Adams Dave Twine
Martin Greenacre Chris Martin Andrew Lord
Chris Humpheson Peter Brice Rod Alwright
Navin Peiris Richard Brantingham Stephen von Roon
Neville Lui Anna Pearson
Sam Godden Roger Lee
Emily So Adrian Shrubsall
Arup Geotechnics, London:
Technical Staff with MSc’s at Imperial College
Tim Chapman Hoe Yeow Chris Dulake Paul Morrison
Dominic Holt Anton Pillai Brian Coles David Gill
Janice Windle Mehdi Yazdchi Alan Winter Karen Fletcher
Tim Robinson Heleni Pantelidou Steve Macklin Peter Nono Bwomono
Peter Ingram Vicky Potts Stephen Wilson Mark Adams
Vicki Hope Cedric Wong
Erica Seddon Dinesh Patel Phil Morley Nick O’Riordan
Charlie Strick Sarah Hughes Mark Gaby Andrew Ross
Beccy Lock Guy Waddington Louisa Groves Esad Porovic
Nick Elton Catherine Pill Sarah Munks Julian Wallace
James Robinson Matthew Shinkel Andrew Harland
David Pascall David Beadman Eddie Woods
Asim Gaba Cyrus Toms Sara Anderson Dominic Woolnough
Chris Barker Tim Hocombe Lohini Ganesharatnam Frank Mimnagh
Neil Chadwick Jeffrey Pereira Alan Hon-Lam Cheng Sam Tan
Adam Pickles Matthew Gilliver Mike Devriendt Keith Bowers
Graham Elliott Paul Watson
Ivan Lim David Clare Mark Rudrum Adam Chodorowski
Geraldine Cheung Zygi Lubkowski Matt Willis Hilary Shields
Zedi Nyirenda Nick Sartain Emma Adams Dave Twine
Martin Greenacre Chris Martin Andrew Lord
Chris Humpheson Peter Brice Rod Alwright
Navin Peiris Richard Brantingham Stephen von Roon
Neville Lui Anna Pearson
Sam Godden Roger Lee
Emily So Adrian Shrubsall
Imperial College:
Advanced Civil Engineering Education Initiative
‘A View From Industry’
MARTYN STROUD
Principal Director, Arup