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Biology II Bacteria/Virus Practice Test Dr. Robert G. Molsbee
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which of the following are of the smallest size?
a. viruses
b. bacteria
c. fungi
d. protistans
e. plants
____ 2. The reproduction of microorganisms is self-limiting because
a. the accumulation of waste products can be toxic.
b. the supply of nutrients may run out.
c. other organisms may prey on them.
d. the accumulation of waste products can be toxic and the supply of nutrients may run out.
e. the accumulation of waste products can be toxic, the supply of nutrients may run out, and
other organisms may prey on them.
____ 3. Which of the following could be called "pathogens"?
a. viruses
b. bacteria
c. protozoans
d. viruses and bacteria only, because they are alive
e. viruses, bacteria, and protozoans
____ 4. Peptidoglycan is
a. found in the chromosomes of most bacteria.
b. composed of long polysaccharides crosslinked with short polypeptides.
c. composed of long polypeptides held together by disulfide bridges.
d. a unique combination of protein lipid and fat.
____ 5. All but which one of the following are characteristics of at least some of the bacteria?
a. photosynthesis
b. heterotrophy
c. chemosynthesis
d. multicellularity
____ 6. Which of the following can bacteria use as an energy source?
a. hydrogen sulfide
b. nitrites
c. sunlight
d. ammonia
e. all of these
____ 7. Which of the following statements is true of all autotrophic bacteria?
a. They produce molecular oxygen.
b. They synthesize sugar.
c. They are anaerobic.
d. They synthesize ATP.
____ 8. In bacteria, DNA is found
a. in the nucleus alone.
b. in organelles alone.
c. in both the nucleus and organelles.
d. attached to the cell wall as a single circular thread.
e. as particles scattered throughout the entire bacterial cell.
____ 9. Bacteria can obtain their nutrition by
a. photosynthesis.
b. chemosynthesis.
c. heterotrophy.
d. photosynthesis and chemosynthesis only.
e. all of these
____ 10. Bacteria
a. have cell walls composed of cellulose.
b. reproduce primarily by conjugation.
c. have a single chromosome.
d. are eukaryotic.
e. that stain Gram-negative have thick peptidoglycan cell walls.
____ 11. Which of the following concerning bacteria is true?
a. They are diploid organisms.
b. They produce gametes.
c. They possess circular DNA molecules.
d. They are eukaryotic.
____ 12. Spherical bacteria are called
a. bacilli.
b. spirilla.
c. cocci.
d. bacteriophages.
e. all of these
____ 13. A helical or spiral bacterium is called a
a. spirillum.
b. bacillus.
c. coccus.
d. bacillus or coccus.
____ 14. Which of the following statements is NOT characteristic of bacteria?
a. Some may be completely naked.
b. Some may have hairlike structures called pili.
c. Some may have rigid cell walls.
d. Some may have flagella and move about.
e. Some may have a polysaccharide covering.
____ 15. Gram-positive bacteria react to which of the following, whereas Gram-negative bacteria do not?
a. presence of oxygen
b. presence of a chemical stain
c. presence of light
d. absence of carbohydrates
e. presence of magnetic fields
____ 16. Which of the following distinguishes the bacterial flagellum from those of eukaryotes?
a. quantity per cell
b. general appearance
c. function
d. mechanism of movement
e. all of these
____ 17. Which of the following allow the bacteria to join together to transfer genes?
a. flagella
b. pores
c. connecting channels
d. pili
e. stylets
____ 18. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Pili enable bacteria to attach to another bacterium or to the surface membranes of their
hosts.
b. Some plasmids confer resistance to various antibiotics.
c. Plasmids can act in a way that allows a bacterium to donate DNA during conjugation.
d. In bacterial photosynthesis, oxygen is not a by-product.
e. Plasmids permit bacteria to carry on autotrophic reactions such as chemosynthesis.
____ 19. All but which one of the following bacterial structures are external or peripherally located?
a. flagellum
b. pilus
c. plasmid
d. capsule
e. peptidoglycan
____ 20. In what way does prokaryotic fission resemble eukaryotic mitosis?
a. movement of chromosomes
b. genetically identical daughter cells
c. intracellular mechanisms
d. genetically identical daughter cells and intracellular mechanisms
e. movement of chromosomes, genetically identical daughter cells, and intracellular
mechanisms
____ 21. Small circular molecules of DNA in bacteria are called
a. plasmids.
b. desmids.
c. pili.
d. F particles.
e. transferins.
____ 22. Plasmids
a. are self-reproducing circular molecules of DNA.
b. are sites for inserting genes for amplification.
c. may be transferred between different species of bacteria.
d. may confer the ability to donate genetic material when bacteria conjugate.
e. all of these
____ 23. The process by which one bacterial cell transfers DNA to another is
a. fission.
b. gametic fusion.
c. conjugation.
d. lysis.
e. none of these
____ 24. During conjugation between two E. coli cells, which of the following would most likely occur?
a. transfer of an antibiotic
b. transfer of a plasmid
c. transfer of viral genes
d. lysogeny
e. transfer of a plasmid and transfer of viral genes
____ 25. One of the newest techniques used to identify bacteria is to determine their
a. diseases.
b. reproductive types.
c. metabolic processes.
d. nucleotide sequences.
e. metabolic by-products.
____ 26. Traditionally, bacteria have been grouped on the basis of all but which one of the following?
a. mode of nutrition
b. evolutionary relationships
c. response to staining techniques
d. energy source
e. pathogenicity or nonpathogenicity
____ 27. Which is a swamp gas?
a. carbon monoxide
b. carbon dioxide
c. ammonia sulfide
d. methane
e. hydrogen sulfide
____ 28. The type of bacterium most likely to be found in a swamp is
a. thermophilic.
b. halophilic.
c. cyanobacteria.
d. methanogens.
e. E. coli.
____ 29. Which type of bacterium is restricted to the waste piles of coal mines?
a. thermophiles
b. halophiles
c. cyanobacteria
d. methanogens
e. E. coli
____ 30. Which of the following makes archaebacteria different from other monerans?
a. absence of peptidoglycan
b. two chromosomes
c. existence of organelles
d. aerobic
____ 31. The methane-producing bacteria belong to
a. archaebacteria.
b. prokaryotes.
c. eukaryotes.
d. urkaryotes.
e. eubacteria.
____ 32. Which terms accurately describe the archaebacteria?
a. extinct, aerobic
b. extinct, anaerobic
c. present, aerobic
d. present, anaerobic
____ 33. The archaebacteria can be described by all but which one of the following?
a. anaerobic
b. chemosynthetic
c. pathogenic
d. halophilic
e. heterotrophic
____ 34. Which of the following bacteria are the least related to the others?
a. archaebacteria
b. extreme halophiles
c. chemosynthetic eubacteria
d. extreme thermophiles
e. methanogens
____ 35. Endospores are produced by
a. chrysophytes.
b. monerans.
c. protozoans.
d. viruses.
____ 36. When nutrients are scarce, some bacteria
a. engage in conjugation.
b. switch to photosynthesis.
c. form endospores.
d. become pathogenic.
e. die.
____ 37. Endospores
a. are the innermost of two daughter cells.
b. enable some bacteria to survive for a 1,000 years.
c. may contain concentrated poisons.
d. all of these
____ 38. The strongest poison known to humans is produced by
a. Clostridium botulinum.
b. Clostridium tetani.
c. fer-de-lance snakes.
d. certain nettles in Java.
e. vines and is called curare.
____ 39. Hospitals use autoclaves to kill endospores and resistant bacteria through
a. heat and chemicals.
b. chemicals and pressure.
c. heat and pressure.
d. heat alone.
e. pressure alone.
____ 40. The bacterium E. coli
a. is a normal inhabitant of the human intestinal tract.
b. produces conditions that prevent invasion by other bacteria.
c. enhances digestion, especially of fats.
d. produces vitamin K.
e. all of these
____ 41. Which of the following statements concerning the bacterium E. coli is NOT true?
a. It synthesizes vitamins that are essential to its mammalian host.
b. It can act as a pathogen.
c. It can prevent colonization of the gut by pathogens.
d. It is capable of photosynthesis.
____ 42. E. coli
a. is rarely found in the intestinal tract of people who live in industrially developed countries.
b. may cause high infant mortality by producing severe diarrhea.
c. is photosynthetic and autotrophic.
d. causes fecal material to move through the colon at a slow rate and frequently causes
constipation.
e. all of these
____ 43. E. coli
a. is a normal inhabitant of human intestinal tracts.
b. has some strains that produce toxins and cause disease.
c. may be the leading cause of infant mortality in developing countries.
d. produces vitamin K and compounds used in fat digestion.
e. all of these
____ 44. Heterocysts are regions in filamentous cyanobacteria
a. that can break and allow for reproduction by fragmentation.
b. where endospores are formed.
c. where the filament is attached to its substrates.
d. where nitrogen fixation occurs.
e. where photosynthesis occurs.
____ 45. Borrelia burgdorferi is the cause of
a. tetanus.
b. syphilis.
c. Lyme disease.
d. legionnaires disease.
e. severe diarrhea.
____ 46. Bacteria are able to sense
a. magnetic fields.
b. light.
c. gravity.
d. oxygen concentration.
e. all of these
____ 47. In many aspects, bacteria are more "advanced" in their __________ than in their __________.
a. reproduction; structure
b. metabolism; genetic composition
c. chemical composition; classification
d. behavior; structure
____ 48. Which of the following statements is false?
a. A single bacterium could potentially produce over 1 billion bacteria in less than a day.
b. Over a million viruses could be found in the space equivalent to the dot of an i.
c. Microorganisms fit into almost all categories of life-styles such as pathogens, parasites,
autotrophs, and decomposers.
d. Although viruses are not alive, they can reproduce independently under appropriate
conditions.
e. Viruses have nucleic acids and proteins, but no organelles.
____ 49. Which statement is inaccurate?
a. Viruses are not able to move by themselves.
b. Viruses are not able to reproduce by themselves.
c. Viruses are not structurally organized.
d. Some biologists consider viruses to be forms of life and other biologists consider them to
be nonlife.
e. Viruses contain instructions to manufacture themselves.
____ 50. A virus is characterized by all but which one of the following?
a. enzymes of respiration
b. nucleic acid core
c. noncellular organization
d. protein coat
____ 51. Most scientists do not consider viruses to be "alive" because
a. they have no genes.
b. their metabolic machinery is borrowed from the host cell.
c. they are unable to reproduce.
d. no definite structural features are seen under the microscope.
e. all of these
____ 52. Which of the following is false?
a. The outer coats of all viruses are alike.
b. The virus uses either DNA or RNA at its core, but not both.
c. Viruses can be replicated only after they enter a living cell.
d. Most viruses have a protein coat or covering.
e. A virus may not kill a host cell but may become inactive for a period of latency.
____ 53. Which of the following statements about viruses is true?
a. They were the first forms of life to evolve.
b. They do not attack plants.
c. They are able to reproduce without using other organisms.
d. They are made of protein only.
e. They include some forms that are able to attack bacteria.
____ 54. A virus described as having "tail fibers attached to a sheath extending from the head" would be identified as a
a. complex virus.
b. helical virus.
c. bacteriophage.
d. complex virus and a bacteriophage.
e. helical virus and a bacteriophage.
____ 55. Which disease is NOT caused by a virus?
a. smallpox
b. polio
c. influenza
d. syphilis
e. herpes
____ 56. Which virus is an RNA virus?
a. adenovirus
b. retrovirus
c. parvovirus
d. herpesvirus
e. papovavirus
____ 57. Plant viruses are transmitted primarily by
a. wind.
b. water.
c. bacteria.
d. animals.
____ 58. Retroviruses are characterized by
a. an RNA core.
b. temperate pathways of replication.
c. the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
d. being the causative agent for AIDS.
e. all of these
____ 59. Flu pandemics are caused by the spread of
a. pathogenic bacteria.
b. RNA viruses.
c. DNA viruses.
d. parasitic protozoans.
____ 60. Herpes viruses that produce latent infections include all but which one of the following?
a. infectious mononucleosis
b. genital herpes
c. chicken pox
d. hepatitis
e. cancer
____ 61. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Shingles is an example of latency in animal viruses.
b. Animal viruses enter a cell through endocytosis.
c. Plant viruses are introduced into plant cells by insects.
d. Viruses are the smallest infective agents known.
e. For a virus to produce a disease in plants, it must go through the cell wall and enter the
cell's cytoplasm.
____ 62. Which of the following is NOT caused by one of the herpes viruses?
a. herpes simplex and cold sores
b. benign and malignant warts
c. chicken pox and shingles
d. genital herpes
e. infectious mononucleosis and some cancers
____ 63. Which of the following pairings of virus and mode of entry is INCORRECTLY matched?
a. bacteriophage: digestion of host cell wall
b. herpes: puncture wound
c. plant virus: insect feeding
d. chicken pox: endocytosis
e. T4: hole in bacterial wall
____ 64. Lengthy periods of latency are most often associated with viruses that infect
a. animal cells.
b. plant cells.
c. bacteria.
d. other viruses.
e. viroids.
____ 65. Contagious diseases are spread by
a. vectors.
b. direct contact.
c. indirect contact.
d. inhalation.
e. all of these
____ 66. Which of the following is correct regarding plant viruses?
a. They are mostly DNA viruses.
b. Most of them cause little outward change in plant appearance.
c. The capsid is spiral-shaped.
d. All plant viruses cause disease.
e. RNA viruses cause the most plant diseases.
____ 67. Which of the following statements is false? Antibiotics
a. serve as an agent of natural selection in pathogenic bacteria.
b. are effective against viruses.
c. may produce potent side effects.
d. are normal metabolic by-products of certain microorganisms.
e. when used by women often have to be accompanied by antifungal drugs to control yeast
infections.
____ 68. The lysogenic pathway is characterized by
a. passive replication of viral DNA.
b. extensive transcription of viral DNA.
c. destruction of the bacterial host.
d. passive replication of viral DNA and extensive transcription of viral DNA.
e. passive replication of viral DNA, extensive transcription of viral DNA, and destruction of
the bacterial host.
____ 69. When a virus takes over the machinery of a cell, it forces the cell to manufacture
a. more mitochondria for energy for the virus.
b. more liposomes to isolate themselves from water.
c. more food particles.
d. more viral particles.
e. more Golgi bodies so that the cell will secrete the excess viruses.
____ 70. In viral replication, all but which one of the following occur before capsid formation?
a. attachment to host cell
b. nucleic acid replication
c. release of new viral particles
d. injection of viral nucleic acid into cell
____ 71. Latency in viruses is associated with all but which one of the following?
a. replication
b. lysogenic pathways
c. gene integration
d. lytic cycle
e. retroviruses
____ 72. All but which one of the following are true of retroviruses?
a. Viral RNA becomes integrated into host genome.
b. Temperate pathways are followed.
c. They infect animal cells.
d. They are responsible for AIDS infection.
e. Transcriptase enzymes are coded for by viral genes.
____ 73. Viroids differ from viruses in that the former lack
a. nucleic acid.
b. protein.
c. the ability to reproduce.
d. nucleic acid and protein.
____ 74. Infective proteins are known as
a. retroviruses.
b. vivoids.
c. viruses.
d. prions.
e. none of these, because nucleic acids are needed for infections
Short Answer
Bacteria
Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a. halophiles
b. cyanobacteria
c. thermophiles
d. actinomycetes
e. methanogens
75. Refer to Bacteria. These bacteria live in temperatures that are not usually conducive to life.
76. Refer to Bacteria. These produce "swamp gas."
77. Refer to Bacteria. These bacteria can live in water of very high salt concentration.
78. Refer to Bacteria. These can form heterocysts, valuable in nitrogen fixation.
79. Refer to Bacteria. These can serve as a source of antibiotics.
Other
80. Three of the four answers listed below are descriptions of bacterial shape. Select the exception.
a. coccus
b. bacillus
c. pili
d. spiral
81. Four of the five answers listed below are bacterial structures. Select the exception.
a. endospore
b. pili
c. capsule
d. eyespot
e. heterocyst
82. Four of the five answers listed below are related by a common category. Select the exception.
a. rhinoviruses
b. poxviruses
c. togaviruses
d. retroviruses
e. enteroviruses
83. Four of the five answers listed below are related by a similar category. Select the exception.
a. herpesviruses
b. papovaviruses
c. parvoviruses
d. paramyxoviruses
e. adenoviruses
84. Four of the five answers listed below are related by a common association. Select the exception.
a. archaebacteria
b. methanogens
c. halophiles
d. cyanobacteria
e. thermophiles
85. Four of the five answers listed below have a common relationship. Select the exception.
a. protistans
b. plants
c. animals
d. fungi
e. methanogens
86. Four of the five answers listed below are found in viruses. Select the exception.
a. coat
b. prions
c. DNA
d. tail fibers
e. envelope
Draw and label the combined life cycle of viruses (Lytic and Lysogenic)
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