THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Curriculum Vitae for Faculty Members
Date: April 2008 Initials: XT
1. SURNAME: Bi FIRST NAME: Xiaotao
MIDDLE NAME: Tony
2. DEPARTMENT/SCHOOL: Chemical and Biological Engineering
3. FACULTY: Applied Science
4. PRESENT RANK: Associate Professor SINCE: July 2002
5. POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION
University or Institution Degree Subject Area Dates
University of British Columbia Ph.D. Multiphase flow November 1994
Tsinghua University, China M.A.Sc. Multiphase heat transfer July 1988
Tsinghua University, China B.A.Sc. Reaction Engineering July 1985
Title of Dissertation and Name of Supervisor
Ph.D. thesis: “Flow regime transitions in gas-solids fluidization and transport” , Supervisor: J. R. Grace
M.A.Sc. thesis: “Heat transfer in fast fluidized beds,” Supervisors: Y. Jin and Z.Q. Yu
B.A.Sc. thesis: “Hydrodynamics of a monolithic tubular reactor,” Supervisors: Y. Jin and N.J. Yuan
Special Professional Qualifications
6. EMPLOYMENT RECORD
(a) Prior to coming to UBC
University, Company or Organization Rank or Title Dates
Natural Gas Technologies Centre Senior Research Scientist 06/1996 – 06/1997
Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal Postdoctoral fellow 10/1995 – 05/1996
University of British Columbia Postdoctoral fellow 12/1994 – 09/1995
Ohio State University Research associate 10/1989 – 08/1991
Tsinghua University Research associate 09/1988 – 09/1989
(b) At UBC
Rank or Title Dates
Professor 07/2007 – present
Associate Professor 07/2002 – 06/2007
Assistant Professor 09/1997 – 06/2002
Manager, Fluidization Research Centre 07/1997 – now
(c) Date of granting of tenure at UBC: July 1, 2002
7. LEAVES OF ABSENCE
University, Company or Organization Type of Leave Dates
At which Leave was taken
XBi Campus CV Page 2/16
Chinese Academy of Sciences as visiting professor Sabbatical Dec. 03- Feb. 04
Tsinghua University as visiting professor Sabbatical Feb-May 2004
8. TEACHING
(a) Areas of special interest and accomplishments
i. Green Engineering and Sustainability (CHBE 484)
I started teaching CHBE 484 in 1997 (CHBE 484 was first offered in 1996), and have developed a
unique course to cover a broad range of activities of pollution prevention. In addition to the principles
of pollution prevention, I have incorporated several components in the course to reflect relevant
activities in Canadian industries:
Waste inventories from Canadian industries are used to provide an audit of waste streams to
highlight the problems and opportunities in local industry with respect to pollution prevention;
Successful pollution prevention projects from Canadian companies are covered in case studies to
highlight Canada’s commitment and the Canadian government’s endorsement of the pollution
prevention approach.
Since pollution prevention is a relatively new and fast developing discipline, I have been updating
my course materials to reflect the most recent developments. For example, the assessment of
pollution prevention projects has been updated from a single process assessment based on technical
and economical evaluations to a multiple-objective assessment based on technical, economic,
environmental and health impacts. Recent developments in extending the life-cycle assessment
(LCA) technique from product evaluation to process evaluation has been incorporated into this course
for the evaluation of chemical processes.
In 2004, the pollution prevention course was expanded to become a green engineering course
with emphasis focusing now on the multiscale engineering approaches toward sustainability. The new
courses incorporated green engineering principles to systematically review the chemical process and
product over its whole life-cycle, with special attention paid to the impacts on resource depletion,
renewability and sustainability of raw materials, health and social impacts of products and the
ecological impact, recycleability and biogradability at the end of use, using life cycle assessment tools
and industrial ecology principles. The course exposes students to industrial practices by providing
invited presentations from local industrial experts and conducting hand-on projects related to campus
sustainable development involving UBC Sustainability Office, Department of Health, Safety and
Environment and Plant Operation, as part of the UBC SEEDS program with a few students projects
listed below.
Title Subject
P2 in campus An audit and inventory of the traffic situation in UBC
1 campus
P2 strategies implemented to the UBC's An audit and inventory of the heating system in UBC
2 heating system buildings and proposed possible energy saving options
Recycling systems in Gage Residence An audit and inventory of the recycling system and
possible areas of improvement in one campus
3 residence building and possible P2 options
A P2 evaluation of the UBC composting Process analysis to identify P2 opportunities for the
4 project UBC campus waste composting project
P2 by integrating urban development An exploration and proposal for campus pollution
with the environment using UBC prevention strategies
5 campus as an example
Development and evaluation of An audit and inventory of existing campus solvent
alternative waste solvent streams recycle program and P2 options for the future recycling
program for UBC Sustainability Office and
6 Environmental Office
7 Testing and analysis of UBC water An audit and inventory of the storm water quality and
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discharge sites during non-storm events emissions for UBC Sustainability Office and
Environmental Office
Waste audit of Chemical Engineering An audit and inventory work for UBC Sustainability
8 Building Office and Environmental Office
Selection of campus gator vehicles A life cycle analysis of electrical, diesel and biodiesel
fuels was conducted to provide support for selection of
right type vehicles of less environmental impacts and
9 cost effective.
Comparison of plastic vs. china dinning A life cycle analysis of plastic and china dinning wares
wares for campus restaurants to provide support for the decision making by plant
10 operations
I am planning to develop this first green engineering course in Canada into a unique core
engineering course not only suitable for chemical engineers but also for other engineering disciplines.
In 2005, I presented one paper on integrating sustainability into chemical and biological engineering
curriculum in the AIChE Annual Meeting’s special session on sustainability education, and the
presentation was well received by the community. This year, I am invited to be one of panel members
of the International Workshop on Engineering Education for Sustainable Development sponsored by
UNESCO (United Nations Education, Sciences and Culture Organization) to be held in Beijing on
November 1-3, 2006. I have prepared a unique set of course materials in the format of a textbook
named “Green engineering principles and applications”, and planning to have this material published
as a textbook in the near future. Working with Sustainability Office, I am currently involved in a TLEF
funded project on preparing sustainability modules for integrating sustainability into UBC teaching
curricula.
ii. Air Pollution Prevention and Control (CHBE 485)
With experience in particulate control devices like cyclones, filters, settling and inertia separators, flue
gas SOx control by limestone scrubbing, NO x control by burner modification, fuel substitution and
selective catalytic reduction using NH3 and hydrocarbons. I started teaching CHBE 485 course in
1999. Since then, I have developed a unique course by incorporating course material from Dr.
Branion (who taught this course previously), using a very popular textbook by Wark et al. (1998) and
additional materials on
local and national air pollution control regulations, air quality standards and emission standards in
Canada.
up-to-date air pollution topics. For example: global warming gas emissions, the Kyoto Protocol
and Canada’s commitment on reduction in greenhouse gas emission; CO 2 emission reduction
technologies including energy efficiency processes, alternative energy sources and CO 2 recovery
from process gases.
Prevention of air pollution. In the future, this course will be expanded to include pollution
prevention components with the course title to be changed to Air Pollution Prevention and
Control.
This course, in combination with the graduate level course, CHBE585, has attracted large number of
students. The enrollment has steadily increased from about 30 in 2000 to 61 for 2005.
iii. Multiphase flow and multiphase chemical reactors (CHBE 561)
With my expertise and main research area on multiphase flow and reactors, I taught CHBE 561 for
one term and guest-lectured 6 hours with John Grace one term. Since most students taking this
course were working on gas-solids fluidization, in addition to covering fundamentals of multiphase
flow, I integrated up-to-date research progress in multiphase chemical reactors and introduced
potential future research frontiers to graduate students. A term paper is required to encourage
student to apply the fundamental knowledge to specific areas of their interest.
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iv. 2 year chemical engineering laboratory course (CHBE 262)
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The new CHBE 262 course is the first lab course for students entering the chemical and biological
engineering program. It is upgraded significantly from the existing CHML 261 course since 2001,
jointly by Dr. Kannangara and me. The key changes we have made include:
Upgraded 6 existing CHML 261 labs with focus on advanced data logging systems via the
installation of automatic data acquisition systems to 4 labs, and hazard prevention/reduction via a
leak detection and repair/replacement program on each part/component.
Added 2 new labs with one on P-V-T relationship of real gases and the other on ultrafiltration,
with the former emphasizing on the thermodynamic fundamentals and the later the application of
separation process in biological processing.
Introduced statistical analysis into the CHBE 262 lab course, and integrated in the analysis of
experimental data.
v. Unit operation II (CHBE 345)
This is a new course for me to teach in 2005, which is also the second time this course was offered to
our third year students. I did put a lot of time on preparing this course, but it did not delivered as I
expected, partly due to the too ambitious course content I put into this course. Students felt too
difficult to digest the material, especially for those co-op students who had not taken CHBE351 on
heat transfer phenomena. Also, the textbook I adopted was too advanced and abstractive, which may
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be suitable for the 4 year students but not so in detail for the 3 students. This year, I am going to
teach this course again. Learning from last year, I am going to remove some advanced mass transfer
materials from this course with focus on basic concept and unit design, adopt a new textbook which
provides more detail explanations of the theories. Furthermore, I will try to improve the effectiveness
of tutorial time to help students to improve problem-solving skills.
9. SCHOLARLY AND PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
(a) Areas of special interest and accomplishments
(1) Fluidization and multiphase flow systems
a. Electrostatic charges in gas-solids fluidized beds with dielectric particles
Since 1997, I have been developing this new research field as the principal investigator on several
projects, with Prof. John Grace as the co-investigator. We developed new experimental techniques on
understanding and characterizing electrostatic charges in gas-solids fluidized beds with polymeric
particles in order to reduce the charge generation and minimize charge buildup in gas-phase
polymerization reactors. So far we have, for the first time, developed a model to predict the charge
transfer from the fluidized bed to an immersed ball probe based on both charge induction from passing
bubbles and charge transfer due to particle-probe collisions. The model simulation has been primarily
validated using data collected from a two-dimensional fluidized bed model using a single probe.
Subsequently, we for the first time obtained the distribution of charged particles around a rising bubble in
a fluidized bed with the signal reconstruction method using 8 probes based on the proposed electrical
field model we developed earlier. Also, we developed a novel Faraday-cup fluidized bed for on-line
measurement of charge generation in fluidized bed particles, and for the first time, identified and
systematically examined the charge separation phenomenon occurring in fluidized beds. Based on these
work, eight papers have been published in Journal of Electrostatics, AIChE Journal, Powder Technology
and Chemical Engineering Science, and one US provisional patent has been filed by UBC Industrial
Liaison Office on a novel on-line charge monitoring tool. Those work have establish us as a leader in the
field of electrostatic charging in gas-solids fluidized bed systems, and attracted great attention from the
academia, and great interest from the industry. I have been invited by Nova Chemicals, Dow Chemicals,
Chevron-Philips Chemicals to give seminars. In 2001, Japan Polychem provided a grant of $30,000 to
support this research. From 2002 to 2005, we conducted a 3-year NSERC strategic grant with the
collaboration of Nova Chemicals Corp. With the novel Faraday cup fluidized bed, we are currently
working on two contracted projects for two US companies on evaluating electrostatic charging behaviour
of polymer and pharmaceutical powders, and just started a 3-year NSERC CRD project with NOVA
Chemicals. One of our PhD students, Poupak Mehrani, who worked on the Faraday cup fluidized bed unit
is recently hired to be an assistant professor at the University of Ottawa to work on electrostatics.
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b. Gas-solids bubbling/Turbulent fluidized beds
Since 1991, I have been studying bubbling, slugging and turbulent fluidized bed hydrodynamics
based on pressure fluctuations and local voidage fluctuations. The work has contributed to the flow
pattern transitions between bubbling, slugging, turbulent and fast fluidization. By 1995, we were leading
in turbulent fluidization research. A few equations we developed have been adopted in several textbooks
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(e.g. Levenspiel, “Chemical reaction engineering” 2 edition, 1998; Fan and Zhu “Multiphase flow”,
1998).
Since 1997, significant progress has been made in UBC on turbulent fluidized bed scale-up, modeling
and simulation with collaboration with Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation and Australia CSIRO energy
division. For the first time, we systematically examined hydrodynamics in 4 units of 0.1 m, 0.3 m, 0.6 m
and 1.6 m diameters. Meanwhile, an integrated reactor model spanning from bubbling to fast fluidization
has been developed to simulate the performance of commercial turbulent fluidized bed reactors, a state-
of-the-art review on turbulent fluidization was also published recently. Currently, one PhD student, Ana
Stefanova, is working on heat transfer in turbulent fluidized beds. We reinforced our leading position in
turbulent fluidization research.
c. Gas-solids circulating fluidized beds
From 1991-1995, I clarified the choking mechanism based on a systematic analysis of choking
phenomena. This cleared up more than 40 years of controversy and confusion over choking in
pneumatic transport systems. The improved understanding of choking enabled us to propose the
concept of high density circulating fluidized beds (HDCFB) for the first time, with the first HDCFB unit
installed in UBC in 1994. Since 1997, we have been studying local flow structure, gas mixing and solids
mixing in HDCFB. These studies have contributed to better understanding of the performance of
commercial catalytic cracking reactors and other high solids loading transport reactors. The HDCFB
has also attracted many researchers from both the academia and the industry, and our group is still
leading in research in this area. Recently, we also tested a novel high-density down-flowing reactor
using the novel solids entrance design to improve solids flux rate, with one US provisional patent
obtained on the novel design.
d. Gas-solids conical spouted beds
I started working on conical spouted beds at the Ecole Polytechnique and Natural Gas Technologies
Centre to develop a pilot-scale conical spouted bed drying system for the treatment of sticky pig manure
slurry. Most work in the past 50 years has focused on the cylindrical spouted beds, with few studies on
conical spouted beds which have potential advantages over the conventional cylindrical spouted beds on
the treatment of sticky materials like milk, blood and animal slurries. Two papers were published on
spouted beds during that period.
Three conical spouted beds have been built recently to study the local flow structure and scale-up of
conical spouted beds. One Ph.D. student, Zhiguo Wang, worked on studying hydrodynamics and gas
mixing using experimental techniques and Computational Fluid Dynamic tools in the past four years. He
just finished his PhD thesis this summer and will become a postdoc in University of Saskatchewan.
e. Scale-up and simulation of commercial fluidized bed reactors
We have developed a new integrated generic fluidized bed reactor model and validated the model
with commercial reactor data from Mitsubishi Chemicals Corporation. The model also enabled us to
assist in the scale-up and modifications of commercial turbulent fluidized bed reactors.
Another contribution from our reactor simulation work is to provide support for Syncrude Canada in
trouble-shooting and fluid coker reactor modification. In 1998, Syncrude lost millions of dollars due to an
unexpected shut-down of one of its fluid cokers. Since then, we have been working with Syncrude in
identifying bottlenecks, reactor cold model simulation and testing of commercial units. Based on
investigations in a pilot scale cold model test rig at UBC, several modifications have been made in the
commercial units and the coker reactors have been running smoothly since then. One US provisional
patent was obtained on the design of novel solids entrance device. Such an effort enables us to validate
our theories and hypothesis based on fundamental research and then to apply them to solve problems for
Canadian industry.
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(2) Clean Energy, Green Engineering and Sustainable Development
Since 1995, I have been working on flue gas SO x and NOx particulates removal, and animal
waste treatment. Since 1998, beside teaching air pollution control and pollution prevention engineering at
UBC, I have been working on developing environmentally-friendly technologies and green engineering,
with focuses on renewable energy and clean energy. On biomass energy issue, we have been
developing environmental systems analysis and life cycle analysis tools to model and evaluate the
biomass collection and processing process, as well as conducted experimental studies on the fluidized
bed biomass combustors to minimize the dioxin/furan formation from biomass combustion by system
optimization. Collaborating with Wood Pellet Association of Canada, NRC-CANMET and BIOCAP, we
have been developing a wood pellet research center at UBC, helping the industry on improving wood
pellet quality and reducing environmental “footprint” of wood pellet production and utilization.
Collaborating with Ballard Power Systems, I have been applying my two-phase flow expertise to
help the design and optimization of PEM fuel cells by properly managing the two-phase flow behaviour in
fuel cell flow channels. With one US Provisional patent obtained on the novel water transfer diagnosis tool
and another one on a novel flow distribution system design.
Green engineering is the design, commercialization and use of processes and products, which
are feasible and economical while minimizing impacts on ecosystems over the full life-cycle. In contrary to
traditional engineering approaches in which both technical and economical aspects of a technology are
the focal point, green engineering extends our research and development beyond the manufacturing of
the material and product to include the ecological impacts of a process/product or a technology on the
renewability and sustainability of the raw materials, the toxicity and health risks during the product use,
and the recycleability and degradability at the end of the product use. In recent years, I have developed
strong interest on the green engineering, the engineering approach toward sustainability, and have been
vigorously promoting the green engineering principles in both my teaching (I introduced the first green
engineering course CHBE484 last year at UBC, the first in Canadian universities) and research (with a
few presentations given at both national and international conferences and invited seminars to promote
the concepts of multiscale approaches toward sustainability by participating in multi-disciplinary
programs). Both clean energy and green engineering will become a key teaching and research areas for
me in the near future.
(3) Environmental pollution control
a. Animal waste treatment and water purification
Besides fundamental researches, I have done some work of both academic and industrial interest,
especially on environmental aspects. In the early 1990s, the disposal and treatment of pig manure
became a serious problem in both Canada and the US. In order to comply with new environmental
regulations, pig manure from new farms has to be treated. To treat the pig manure, we successful
developed and tested a pilot scale integrated spouted bed drying process for the treatment of pig manure
slurry with no discharge of pollutants from 1995 to 1997. The technology was subsequently patented in
1998 and 1999. From 1999 to 2000, I continued my work on this area with the collaboration of a local
company, ATD Waste Systems Inc., and developed an integrated separation and drying process for the
treatment of fresh manure with zero effluent discharge. The project was very successful and the
company patented this technology and is planning to build a demonstration plant.
Since 2000, I have been working with a local company (Pacific United Inc.) on developing a
portable device for purification of drinkable water. This involves the configuration of gas distribution
system and optimization of gas-liquid contacting.
b. Air pollution control and pollution prevention
With the tightening of NO x release regulations in North America, new techniques for NO x removal
have to be developed. To face this challenge, we have developed a new catalytic NO x reduction process
with hydrocarbons as the reducing agent. This avoids the ammonia slip from the conventional catalytic
NOx reduction process using NH3 as reducing agent. We (in NGTC) successfully tested the new process
in both a bench scale and a pilot scale unit in 1997. Since coming to UBC, I have continued working on
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this area with a literature review done by a PDF (Qin-Dong Liu) and a kinetic model developed by a 4
year student (Louise Lee). Recently, I have been awarded a CFI equipment fund via the Clean Energy
Research Centre in UBC and will continue to develop NH 3-free NOx reduction technologies. In addition, I
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have been providing consulting service to a local company, NexGen, on their diesel engine flue gas
catalytic NOx reduction program.
In addition, I have been working with the BC Hot House Growers’ Association (BCHHGA) on the
evaluation of potential alternative energy sources for greenhouse heating and CO 2 extraction to stimulate
plant growth since last year when the natural gas price jumped dramatically. The focus of this study is
the utilization of CO2 from flue gases from the burning of alternative fuels like wood pellets and hog fuel.
The impact of air pollutants in the flue gas on greenhouse operation will be analyzed. In a parallel
project, we are working with PAPRICAN and its member companies on the characterization of flue gases
from hog fuel combustion in a pilot scale fluidized bed reactor, with special interest on the formation and
reduction of dioxins and furans.
(d) Invited Presentations
Jin Y. and H.T. Bi, Sustainable development and ecological process engineering, China-Italy Workshop
on Recycling and Environment, Beijing, March 22-24, 2004.
Bi, H.T., Multiscale analysis of electrostatic charging in gas-solids fluidized beds, Research Centre of
Nova Chemicals Ltd., Calgary, October 2004.
Bi, H.T., Characterization of electrostatic charges in gas-solids fluidized beds polymerization reactors,
Research Centre of Chevron and Phillips Chemicals Ltd, Houston, Texas, December 2004.
Bi, H.T., Biomass and Pollution Prevention, BIOCAP workshop on biomass collection and processing
logistics, February 4, 2005, Ottawa, Canada.
Bi, H.T., A multiscale approach for regional animal waste management, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, May 19, 2005.
Bi, H.T., A multiscale approach for regional animal waste management, School of Chemical Engineering,
China University of Petroleum, Chang-Ping, China, May 20, 2005.
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Bi, H.T., Multiscale approaches toward sustainable development, 9 Canadian Pollution Prevention
Roundtable, Victoria, BC, June 1-2, 2005.
Bi, H.T., “Multiscale phenomena of electrostatics in gas-solids two-phase flow systems,” Workshop on
Multiscale approaches in multiphase flow systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, July 2005.
Bi, H.T., Monitoring of electrostatics in gas-phase fluidized bed reactors, Research Centre of Dow
Chemicals, Charleston, West Virginia, September 10, 2005.
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Bi, H.T., Fuels for sustainability, 5 Advisory Council Meeting of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
UBC, March 30, 2006.
Bi, H.T., “Integrating sustainability into Chemical and Biological Engineering curriculum,” UNESCO
International Workshop on Engineering Education for Sustainable Development, Beijing, Oct. 31 –
November 1, 2006.
Bi, H.T. “Electrostatics in gas-solids fluidized bed reactors”, Research Centre of Exxon/Mobil, New
Jersey, November 2007.
(e) Other Presentations
No
(f) Other
Completed a 10-hour Research Management Workshop in University of British Columbia, 1997.
(g) Conference Participation (Organizer, Keynote Speaker, etc.)
nd
Organizer and session chair, “Fundamental research in particle science and technology,” 2 Workshop
sponsored by Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Vancouver, Canada, June 1998.
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Session chair, Fluidization and fluid-particle systems, 48 CSChE Conference, London, Canada, October
1998
Session chair, Canada-China Technology Exchange Symposium, Globe 98, Vancouver, Canada, May
1998
Session chair, Chinese Particuology Conference, Zhuhai, October 1999.
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Session chair, Hydrodynamics of turbulent and fast fluidization, Fluidization X, Beijing, China, May 2001
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Organizing committee member and session chair, 7 Int. Conf. on Circulating Fluidized Beds, Ontario,
Canada, August 2002
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Session organizer and chair, Fluid-particle systems, 52 CSChE Conference, Vancouver, October 2002
Session chair, IX International Chemical Reaction Engineering Conference, Quebec City, June 2003.
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Organizing committee member and session chair, 6 Int. Conf. on Gas-Liquid and Gas-Liquid-Solids
reactors, Vancouver, Canada, September 2003.
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Session chair, 8 Int. Circulating Fluidized Bed Conference, Hangzhou, China, May 10-13, 2005.
Session chair, 2006 Climate Change Engineering Conference, Ottawa, May 9 –12, 2006.
Panelist, UNESCO International Workshop on Engineering Education for Sustainable Development,
Beijing, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2006.
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Conference co-chair, 12 Int. Fluidization Conference, Vancouver, May 2007.
10. SERVICE TO THE UNIVERSITY
11. SERVICE TO THE COMMUNITY
(a) Memberships on scholarly societies, including offices held and dates
Member, CSChE, 1993 - present
Executive, CSChE local committee, 2000 – 2004
Member, APEGBC, 2003 – present
Member, Board of Examiners, APEGBC, 2004-present
Member, AIChE, 2005 – present
Member, North American Life Cycle Association, 2007 – present
(b) Memberships on other societies, including offices held and dates
No
(c) Memberships on scholarly committees, including offices held and dates
No
(d) Memberships on other committees, including offices held and dates
(e) Editorships (list journal and dates)
Editorial Board, China Particuology, 2005-present
Editorial Board, Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2005-present
Guest editor for Jin and Yu special issue, China Particuology, 2007.
Guest editor for L.S. Fan Special Issue, I&EC, 2008.
(i) Other service to the community
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Committee member, Student paper competition, 48 CSChE Conference, London, Canada, October
1998.
Guest Professor, University of Petroleum, Beijing, China, 1999-present.
Guest Professor, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2004-present
Guest professor, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, January 2005 to
December 2007.
Member of Innovation Team on Multiscale Modeling of Multiphase systems, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, 2005-2008.
Participated as a co-applicant in a new campus wide TLEF program on incorporating sustainability into
teaching curricula, a project lead by the UBC Sustainability Office, as the leader on case studies. 2006-
2007.
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Member of a “111” project with the China University of Petroleum, sponsored by Chinese Ministry of
Education, 2007-2010.
Participated in the SEEDS program with CHBE484 students involved in campus sustainability projects,
For 2007-2008, three projects: impact of the use of recycled papers, greenhouse gas reduction for UBC
transportation alternatives, alternative fuel sources for UBC boiler house. 2003-present
12. AWARDS AND DISTINCTIONS
(a) Awards for Teaching (indicate name of award, awarding organizations, date)
No
(b) Awards for Scholarship (indicate name of award, awarding organizations, date)
Alcan Fellowship, 1992
University Graduate Fellowship (UGF), 1993, 1994
NSERC PDF fellowship, 1995
NSERC Industrial Fellowship, 1996
K.C. Wong Research Scholarship from Chinese Academy of Science, November 2003.
(c) Awards for Service (indicate name of award, awarding organizations, date)
No
(d) Other Awards
Distinguished Award of China-Canada Hi-Tech Association, BC, November 2002.
13. OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION (Maximum 0ne Page)
No.
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THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Publications Record
SURNAME: Bi FIRST NAME: Xiaotao (or Hsiaotao) Initials: X
MIDDLE NAME(S): Tony Date: 8/3/2008
1. REFEREED PUBLICATIONS
Note: * indicates the corresponding author.
(a) Journals
2009
1. Zhang, Y.M. et al., Performance of fluidized bed with louver baffles. Chem. Eng. Sci., in press, Feb. 2009.
2. John Grace, Hsiaotao Bi and Yongmin Zhang, “Pitfalls in Gas Sampling from Fluidized Beds,” Chem. Eng.
Sci., in press, Feb. 2009.
3. Zhang, L.F., H.T. Bi*, D. Wilkinson, J. Stumper and H.J. Wang, “Gas-liquid two-phase flow distributions in
parallel channels for fuel cells,” J. Power Sources, in press, 2009.
4. Parisa Zaini, Shahab Sokansanj, Xiaotao Bi, John Kadla, “Density of pellets made from Mountain Pine Beetle
killed lodgepole pine,” Can. J. Bioresource Engineering, in press, 2009.
5. Wang, Z.G., H.T. Bi* and C.J. Lim, Measurement of Local flow structure measurement in spouted beds, Can.
J. Chem. Eng., in press, April 2009.
6. Du, W., H.T Bi, N. Epstein*, Variational exponent equation for Ums, Can. J. Chem. Eng., in press, April 2009.
7. Hsieh, Tar-Hwa*, Jan-Kuan Huang, Ko-Shan Ho, Xiaotao Bi, Yu-Kai Han, Shin-Shiao Yang, Yu-Chen Chang.
Preparation, Thermal and Thermo-oxidative Stability of Vinylidene Chloride -co- Vinyl Chloride
Copolymer/synthetic Hectorite Nanocomposites. J. of Applied Polymer Science, in press, 2009.
8. Hsieh, Tar-Hwa*, Ko-Shan Ho, Xiaotao Bi, Yu-Kai Han, Zhi-Long Chen, Chia-Hao Hsu, Yu-Chen Chang.
Preparation and Electromagnetic Properties of Polyaniline -Coated Silica/Maghemite Nanoparticles.
European Polymer Journal, in press, 2009.
9. Chau, J., T. Sowlati*, S. Sokhansanj, F. Preto , S. Melin , X. Bi. The impacts of technical and market
changes on the economics of wood biomass utilization for heat generation for the greenhouse industry. Can.
Bioresource Eng., in press, 2009.
10. Zhang, Yongmin et al., Gas backmixing in a two-dimensional baffled turbulent fluidized bed. I & EC, 2009.
11. Yang, Shin-Shiao, Tar-Hwa Hsieh*, Xiaotao Bi, Ko-Shan Ho, Tsung-Han Ho, Ho-Ruei Chen, Shi-Hao Ye, Yu-
Chen Chang, Dynamic Cure Kinetics of Epoxy-Novolac Compounds by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. J.
Applied Polymer Science, in press, 2009.
12. Magelli, F. H.T. Bi*, S. Melin and A. Bonoli, An environmental impact assessment of exported wood pellets
from Canada to Europe, Biomass & Bioenergy, in press, 2009.
13. Chau, J., T. Sowlati*, S. Sokhansanj, F. Preto, S. Melin, X. Bi “Techno-Economic Analysis of Wood Biomass
Boilers for the Greenhouse Industry,” Applied Energy, in press, 2009.
14. Kuang, X.Y., T. Jaya Shankar, X.T. Bi, S. Sokhansanj, C.J. Lim, S. Melin. Characterization and kinetics study
of off-gas emissions from stored wood pellets. Ann. Occupational Health, in press, 2009.
15. Wajeeh, J.R. Grace* and X.T. Bi, “Effect of pressure and temperature on electrostatics in fluid beds of PE
particles,” Ind. & Eng. Chem., 48, 320-325, 2009.
16. Chen, Z.Q., H.T. Bi* and J.R. Grace, Electrostatics generation in a small cyclone separator, Ind. & Eng.
Chem., 185-190, 2009.
17. Zhou, D.D., H.L Wang, S.S. Dong and H.T. Bi*, “Characteristics of tapered three-phase fluidized beds”, Ind. &
Eng. Chem., 48, 27-36, 2008.
2008
18. Fan, C., Y. Zhang, H.T. Bi, W.L. Song*, W.G. Lin，L.A. Luo, Evaluation of downer reactor performance by
catalytic ozone decomposition, Chem. Eng. J., 140, 539-554, 2008.
19. Zhang, L.F., H.T. Bi*, D. Wilkinson, J. Stumper and H.J. Wang, “Flow hysteresis in mini channels,” J. Power
Sources, 183, 643-650, 2008.
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20. Dong, S.S., Zhou, D.D.; and Bi, X.T. Effects of Liquid and Gas Flow Rates on the Performance of a Fluidized
Bed Photocatalytic Reactor, Int. J. of Chemical Reactor Engineering: 6, A100, 2008.
21. Yang, T. and H.T. Bi*, Simulation of a novel continuous reactor for catalytic reduction of NOx, Can. J. Chem.
Eng., 86, 395-402, 2008.
22. Dai, J.J., J.R. Grace*, S. Sokhansanj, C.J. Lim and H.T. Bi, “Overview and some issues related to co-firing
biomass and coal” Can. J. Chem. Eng., 86, 367-386, 2008.
23. Fan, C., H.T. Bi, W.L. Song*, W.G. Lin，Mass transfer and reaction performance of the downer and its
hydrodynamic explanation, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 86, 436-447, 2008.
24. Sauriol, P., D.S. Nobes, H.T. Bi, J. Stumper*, D. Kiel, D. Jones, “Design and Validation of a Water Transfer
Factor Measurement Apparatus for PEMFCs,” Int. J. Fuel Cell Science and Technology, in press, 2008.
25. Lam, P. S., S. Sokhansanj*, H.T. Bi, C.J. Lim, L. J. Naimi, M. Hoque, S. Mani, A.R. Womac, S. Nayaran, XP
Ye, Bulk density of wet and dry wheat straw and switchgrass, Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 24(3): 351-
358, 2008.
26. Hsieh*, T.-H., J.-K. Huang, K.-S. Ho, H.T. Bi, Y.-K. Han, S.-S. Yang, Y.-C. Chang, Preparation and
Characterization of Vinylidene Chloride-co-Vinyl Chloride Copolymer/Fluorinated Synthetic Mica
Nanocomposites. I Thermal and Mechanical properties Studies, J. Polymer Science Part B: Polymer
Physics, 46(12), 1214 - 1225, 2008.
27. Yao, P.X., F. Budi, L. Wang and H.T. Bi*, “Effects of organic compounds and recycling on ozone utilization
efficiency in a water purification unit”, J. Environ. Eng. Sci., 7, 1-8, 2008.
28. Stefanova, A., H.T. Bi, C.J. Lim and J.R. Grace*, “Heat transfer from immersed vertical tube in a fluidized bed
of group A particles at the transition to turbulent flow regime,” Int. J. Heat & Mass Transfer, 51, 2020–2028,
2008.
2007
29. Bi, H.T.*, “A critical review of the complex pressure fluctuation phenomenon in gas-solids fluidized beds,”
Chem. Eng. Sci., 62, 3473-3493, 2007.
30. Chen, A.H., H.T. Bi* and J.R. Grace, “Charge distribution around a rising bubble in a two-dimensional
fluidized bed by signal reconstruction” Powder Technology, 177, 113-124, 2007.
31. Mehrani, P., H.T. Bi* and J.R. Grace, “Electrostatic charging behaviour of fine powders in a Faraday cup
fluidized bed,” J. of Electrostatics, 65, 1-10, 2007.
32. Mehrani, P., H.T. Bi* and J.R. Grace, “Electrostatic charge generation due to Particle-Particle and Particle-
Wall Contact in Binary Systems of Fine and Coarse Particles,” Powder Technol., 173, 73-81, 2007.
33. Escudié, R, N. Epstein*, J.R. Grace and H.T. Bi, “Layer inversion and bed contraction in downward binary-
solid liquid-fluidized beds” Can. J. Chem. Eng., 85, 25-35, 2007.
34. Wang Y., Y. Jin*, Y. Chen and H.T. Bi, “On impacts of solid properties and operating conditions on the
performance of gas-solid fluidization systems” Powder Technology, 172, 167-176, 2007.
2006
35. Bi, H.T.* and D. L. Wang, “A cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of the AirCare program” Bulletin of
Science, Technology and Society, 26, 472-478, 2006.
36. Chen, A.H., H.T. Bi* and J.R. Grace, “Effects of Probe Numbers and Arrangement on the Measurement of
Charge Distributions around a Rising Bubble in a Two-Dimensional Fluidized Bed,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 61,
6499-6510, 2006.
37. Wang, Z.G., H.T. Bi* and C.J. Lim, “Numerical simulations of hydrodynamic behaviors in conical spouted
beds,” China Particuology, 4, 194-203, 2006.
38. Escudié, R, N. Epstein*, J.R. Grace and H.T. Bi, “Layer inversion phenomenon in binary-solid liquid-fluidized
beds: prediction of the inversion velocity” Chem. Eng. Sci., 61, 6667-6690, 2006.
39. Escudié, R., N. Epstein*, H.T. Bi and J.R. Grace, “The Serial Model in Liquid Fluidization and its Limitations,”
China Particuology, 4, 127-131, 2006.
40. Cui, Heping, John Grace*, Craig McKnight, Tianzhu Zhang, Ian Rose, H.T. Bi, Jim Lim and Darren Burgardt,
“Steam Jet Configuration for Improved Fluidized Bed Stripping” Chem. Eng. J., 125, 1-8, 2006.
41. Song, X.Q., J.R. Grace*, H.T. Bi, C.J. Lim, E. Chan, “Hydrodynamic Modeling of Reactor Section in Fluid
Cokers: Comparison of FCC and Fluid Coke Particles”, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 84, 161-169, 2006.
42. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj*, H.T. Bi and A. Turhollow, “Economics of producing fuel pellets from biomass,”
Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 22, 421-426, 2006.
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43. Chen, A.H., F. Kleijn Van Willigen, H.T. Bi*, J.R. Grace, R. van Ommen, “Measurement of charge distribution
around a single rising bubble in a two-dimensional fluidized bed,” AIChE J., 52, 174-184, 2006.
44. Escudie, R., N. Epstein*, J.R. Grace and H.T. Bi, “Effect of particle shape on liquid-fluidized beds of binary
(and ternary) solids mixtures: segregation vs. mixing,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 61, 1528-1539, 2006.
45. Cui, H.P., M. Strabel, D. Rusnell, H.T. Bi, K. Mansaray, J.R. Grace*, C.J. Lim, C.A. McKnight and D. Bulbuc,
“Gas and solids mixing in a dynamically scaled fluid coker stripper”, Chem. Eng. Sci., 61, 388-396, 2006.
2005
46. Bi, H.T., “Electrostatic phenomena in gas-solids fluidized beds,” China Particuology, 3(6), 395-399, 2005.
47. Bi, H.T.* and Y. Jin, “Multiscale approaches toward sustainable development,” Chinese J. of Process
Engineering, 5, 464-472, 2005.
48. Bi, H.T.*, J.R. Grace, C.J. Lim, B. MacTaggart, P. Ronand and D. Rusnell, “Hydrodynamics of the stripper
section of fluid cokers,” Can. J. Chem. Eng., 83, 161-168, 2005.
49. Hao, B.G. and H.T. Bi*, Forced bed mass oscillations in gas-solid fluidized beds, Powder Technol., 149, 51-
61, 2005.
50. Song, X.Q, H.T. Bi*, Y. Bolkan “A novel solid feeder for high-density downer reactors” Int. J. Chem. React.
Eng., 3, A52, 2005.
51. Mehrani, P., H.T. Bi* and J.R. Grace, “Electrostatic charge generation in gas-solids fluidized beds,” J. of
Electrostatics, 63, 165-173, 2005.
52. Wang, Z.Q., H.T. Bi* and C.J. Lim, Particle interlocking in conical spouted beds,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 60, 5276-
5283, 2005.
53. Zhu, Q.Y., J. Lim, N. Epstein* and H.T. Bi, “Hydrodynamic characteristics of a powder-particle spouted bed
with powder entrainment in spouting gas,” Can. J. Chem. Eng., 83, 644-651, 2005.
54. Ian Rose, Heping Cui, Tianzhu Zhang, Craig McKnight, John Grace*, H.T. Bi, Jim Lim and Larry Hackman,
“Toward an ultimate fluidized bed stripper,” Powder Technol., 158, 124-132, 2005.
55. Song, X.Q., J.R. Grace*, H.T. Bi, C.J. Lim, E. Chan, B. Knapper and C. McKnight, “Gas mixing in reactor
section of fluid cokers”, I&EC, 44, 6067-6074, 2005.
2004
56. Bi, H.T.*, “A discussion on minimum spouting velocity in spouted beds,” Can. J. Chem. Eng., 82, 4-10, 2004.
57. Bi, H.T.*, “Gas and solids mixing in HDCFB,” Int. J. Chemical Reaction Engineering, 2, A12, 2004.
58. Bi, H.T.* and J.H. Li, “Multiscale analysis and modeling of gas-solids chemical reactors”, Advanced Powder
Technol., 15, 607-627, 2004.
59. Bi, H.T.*, H. P. Cui, J.R. Grace, C.J. Lim, D. Rusnell and X.Q. Song, “Flooding of gas-solids counter-current
flow in fluidized beds,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43, 5611-5619, 2004.
60. Wang, Z.G., H.T. Bi*, C.J. Lim and P.C. Su, “Determination of minimum spouting velocities in conical spouted
beds,” Can. J. Chem. Eng., 82, 12-19, 2004.
61. Ellis, N., H.T. Bi, C.J. Lim, J.R. Grace*, “Effect of probe size on local flow structure of turbulent fluidized
beds,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 59, 1841-1851, 2004.
62. Song, X.Q, J.R. Grace*, H.T. Bi, C.J. Lim, “Hydrodynamics of the Reactor Section in Fluid Cokers”, Powder
Technol., 147, 126-136, 2004.
63. Kim, S.W., G. Kirbas, H.T. Bi, J. Lim and J.R. Grace*, “Flow behavior and regime transition in a high-density
circulating fluidized bed riser,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 59, 3955-3963, 2004.
64. Xu, J., X. Bao*, W. Wei, H.T. Bi, J.R. Grace and C.J. Lim, “Mutual information functions of differential
pressure fluctuations in spouted beds,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43, 5754-5762, 2004.
65. Xu, J., X. Bao*, W.S. Wei, S.K. Shen, H.T. Bi, J.R. Grace and C.J. Lim, “Characterization of gas spouted
beds using the rescaled range analysis,” Can. J. Chem. Eng., 82, 37-47, 2004.
66. Ellis, N., H.T. Bi, C.J. Lim, J.R. Grace*, “Hydrodynamics of turbulent fluidized beds of different diameters.”
Powder Technology, 141, 124-136, 2004.
67. Kim, S.W., G. Kirbas, H.T. Bi, C.J. Lim and J.R. Grace*, “'Flow Structure and Thickness of Annular Downflow
Layer in a Circulating Fluidized Bed,” Powder Technology, 142, 48-58, 2004.
68. Xu, J., W. Wei, X. Bao*, H.T. Bi, J.R. Grace, C.J. Lim, “Statistical and frequency analysis of pressure
fluctuations in spouted beds,” Powder Technology, 141, 142-155, 2004.
2003
69. Bi, H.T.* and A.H. Chen “Pressure fluctuations in gas-solids fluidized beds,” Particuology, 1,139-144, 2003.
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70. Chen, A.H. and H.T. Bi*, “Pressure fluctuations and transition velocity Uc in gas-solids fluidized beds,”
Powder Technol., 133, 237-276, 2003.
71. Chen, A.H., H.T. Bi* and J.R. Grace, “Effect of charge distribution around bubbles on charge induction and
transfer to a ball probe in gas-solid fluidized beds,” J. of Electrostatics, 58, 91-115, 2003.
72. Chen, A.H., H.T. Bi* and J.R. Grace, “Specific charges of particles in fluidized beds,” Powder Technology,
133, 237-276, 2003.
73. Abba, I., J.R. Grace* and H.T. Bi, “Application of the Generic Fluid Bed Reactor Model to the FBMR Process
for Steam Methane Reforming with Oxygen Input," I& EC, 42, 2736-2745, 2003.
74. Abba, I., J.R. Grace*, H.T. Bi and M.L. Thompson, “Spanning the flow regimes: generic fluidized-bed reactor
model,” AIChE J., 49, 1838-1848, 2003.
75. Ellis, N., L.A. Briens, J.R. Grace*, H.T. Bi and C.J. Lim, “Characterization of Dynamic Behaviour in Gas-Solid
Turbulent Fluidized Bed Using Chaos and Wavelet Analyses” Chem. Eng. J., 96, 105-116, 2003.
76. Macchi, A., J.R. Grace* and H.T. Bi, “Effect of gas density on the hydrodynamics of bubble columns and
three-phase fluidized beds,” Can. J. Chem. Eng., 81, 846-852, 2003.
77. Liu, J., J.R. Grace* and H.T. Bi, “A novel multi-functional optical fiber probe: I. Development and validation,”
AIChE J., 49, 1405-1420, 2003.
78. Liu, J., J.R. Grace* and H.T. Bi, “A novel multi-functional optical fiber probe: II. Hydrodynamic measurements
in a HDCFB,” AIChE J., 1421-1432, 2003.
2002
79. Bi, H.T*. "Some issues on the modeling of circulating fluidized bed riser reactors," Can. J. Chem. Eng., 80,
809-817, 2002.
80. Bi, H.T.*, “Transition from turbulent to fast fluidization”, Chem. Eng. Comm., 189, 942-958, 2002.
81. Yao, L., H.T. Bi* and A.H. Park, “Electrostatic charges in freely bubbling fluidized beds with dielectric
particles,” J. of Electrostatics, 56, 183-197, 2002.
82. Park, A., H.T. Bi*, J.R. Grace and A.H. Chen, “Modeling electrostatic charge transfer in gas-solids fluidized
beds,” J. Electrostatics, 55, 135-168, 2002.
83. Park, A., H.T. Bi* and J.R. Grace, “Reduction of electrostatic charges in fluidized beds,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 57,
153-162, 2002.
84. Abba, I., J.R. Grace* and H.T. Bi, “Variable-gas-density fluidized bed reactor model for catalytic processes,”
Chem. Eng. Sci., 57, 4797-4807, 2002.
2001
85. Bi, H.T.* and P. Su "Local phase holdups in gas-solids fluidization and transport," AIChE J., 47, 2025-2031,
2001.
86. Macchi, A., H.T. Bi, J.R. Grace, C.A. McKnight and L. Hackman “Dimensional hydrodynamic similitude in
three-phase fluidized beds,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 56, 6039-6045, 2001.
87. Macchi, A., H.T. Bi, J.R. Grace, L. Hackman and C. McKnight, "Use of ultrasound for phases holdups
measurement in multiphase systems," Can. J. Chem. Eng., 79, 570-578, 2001.
2000
88. Bi, H.T.*, I.A. Abba, N. Ellis and J.R. Grace, "A state-of-the-art review of gas-solids turbulent fluidization,"
Chem. Eng. Sci., 55, 4789-4825, 2000.
89. Wang, S.N., J. Xu, W.S. Wei, G. Shi, X.J. Bao, H.T. Bi and C.J. Lim, "Gas spouting hydrodynamics of fine
particles," Can. J. Chem. Eng., 78, 156-160, 2000.
1999
90. Bi, H.T.* "A discussion on the transport velocity," Eng. Chem. & Metallurgy, 20, Supplement, 50-54, 1999.
91. Bi, H.T.*, "Pressure and voidage fluctuations in slugging fluidized beds," Can. J. Chem. Eng., 77, 568-572,
1999.
92. Bi, H.T.* and J.R. Grace, "Flow patterns in high-velocity fluidized beds and pneumatic conveying," Can. J.
Chem. Eng., 77, 223-230, 1999.
93. Macchi, A., H.T. Bi, J. Chaouki and R. Legros*, "A study on heat transfer in gas-solids spouted beds", Can. J.
Chem. Eng., 77, 45-53, 1999.
94. Liu, J.Z., J.R. Grace*, H.T. Bi, H. Morikawa and J.X. Zhu, "Gas mixing in a high density circulating fluidized
bed riser," Chem. Eng. Sci., 54, 5451-5460, 1999.
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95. Thompson, M.L., H.T. Bi and J.R. Grace*, "A generalized bubbling/turbulent fluidized bed reactor model,"
Chem. Eng. Sci., 54, 2175-2185, 1999.
96. Grace, J.R.*, A. Issangya, D.R. Bai, H.T. Bi and J.X. Zhu, "Situating the high-density circulating fluidized
bed," AIChE J., 45, 2108-2116, 1999.
97. Xu, J., S. Wang, W. Wei, G. Shi, X.J. Bao*, H.T. Bi and C.J. Lim, "Gas spouting hydrodynamics of fine
particles," Eng. Chem. & Metallurgy, 20, Supplement, 166-173, 1999.
98. Issangya, A.S., D. Bai, H.T. Bi, K.S. Lim, J. Zhu and J.R. Grace, "Suspension densities in a high-density
circulating fluidized bed riser," Chem. Eng. Sci., 54, 5461-5470, 1999.
99. Grace, J.R.*, I. A. Abba, H.T. Bi and M. L. Thompson, "Fluidized bed catalytic reactor modeling across the
flow regimes," Can. J. Chem. Eng., 77, 305-311, 1999.
1997
100. Bi, H.T.*, A. Macchi, J. Chaouki and R. Legros, "Minimum spouting velocity of conical spouted beds," Can.
J. Chem. Eng., 75, 460-465, 1997.
101. Bai, D.R., H.T. Bi and J.R. Grace*, "Chaotic behaviour of fluidized beds based on pressure and voidage
fluctuations," AIChE J., 43, 1357-1361, 1997.
1996
102. Bi, H.T. and J.R. Grace*, "Regime transitions: analogy between gas-liquid co-current upward transport and
gas-solids upward transport," in Annual Review of the Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 22, 1-19, 1996.
103. Bi, H.T. and J.R. Grace*, "Effects of pressure and temperature on the flow regime map of gas-solid
fluidized beds," Can. J. Chem. Eng., 74, 1025-1027, 1996.
104. Bi, H.T., J. Zhou, S.Z. Qin and J.R. Grace*, "Annular wall layer thickness in circulating fluidized bed risers"
Can. J. Chem. Eng., 74, 811-814, 1996.
105. Bi, H.T. and J.R. Grace*, "Radial pressure differences and their fluctuations in dense fluidized beds,"
Chem. Eng. Sci., 51, 663-665, 1996.
1995
106. Bi, H.T., J.R. Grace* and K.S. Lim, "Mechanism of transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization," Ind.
Eng. Chem. Res. Dev. 34, 4003-4008, 1995.
107. Bi, H.T. and J.R. Grace*, "Flow regime maps for gas-solids fluidization and upward transport," Int. J.
Multiphase Flow, 21, 1229-1236, 1995.
108. Bi, H.T., J.R. Grace* and J.X. Zhu, "Transition velocities affecting regime transitions in gas-solids
suspensions and fluidized beds," Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 73A, 163-171, 1995.
109. Bi, H.T. and J.R. Grace*, "Effects of measurements on transition velocities used to demarcate the onset of
turbulent fluidization," Chem. Eng. J., 57, 261-271, 1995.
110. Bi, H.T., J.R. Grace* and J.X. Zhu, "Propagation of pressure waves and forced oscillation of fluidized beds
and their effects on measurements of local hydrodynamics," Powder Technol., 82, 239-253, 1995.
111. Zhu, J.X.* and H.T. Bi, "Distinction between low-density and high-density risers," Can. J. Chem. Eng., 73,
644-649, 1995.
112. Liang, W.G., Q.W. Wu, Z.Q. Yu, Y. Jin* and H.T. Bi, "Flow regimes of the three-phase circulating fluidized
bed," AIChE J., 41, 267-271, 1995.
1994
113. Jiang, P., H.T. Bi, S.-C. Liang and L.-S. Fan*, "Hydrodynamic behaviour of a circulating fluidized bed with
polymer particles," AIChE J., 40, 193-206, 1994.
1993
114. Bi, H.T., J.R. Grace* and J.X. Zhu, "On types of choking in pneumatic systems," Int. J. Multiphase Flow,
19, 1077-1092, 1993.
115. Bi, H.T. and J.X. Zhu*, "Static instability analysis of circulating fluidized beds and concept of high density
risers," AIChE J., 39, 1272-1280, 1993.
116. Yang, Y., Y. Jin*, Z.Q. Yu, J.X. Zhu and H.T. Bi, "Local slip behaviours in the circulating fluidized bed,"
AIChE Symp. Ser., 89 (296), pp.81-90, 1993.
1992
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117. Bi, H.T. and L.-S. Fan*, "On the existence of turbulent fluidization," AIChE J., 38, 297-301, 1992.
118. Bi, H.T., P. Jiang, R.-H. Jean and L.-S. Fan*, "Coarse particle effect in a multisolid circulating fluidized bed
for catalytic reactions," Chem. Eng. Sci., 47, 3113-3124, 1992.
1991
119. Jiang, P., H.T. Bi, R.-H. Jean and L.-S. Fan*, "Baffle effects on the performance of a catalytic circulating
fluidized bed reactor," AIChE J., 37, 1392-1400, 1991.
1990
120. Bi, H.T., Y. Jin*, Z.Q. Yu and D.R. Bai, "Effects of vertical length of heat transfer surface on heat transfer
coefficient in a circulating fluidized bed," Petrochemical Engineering (in Chinese), 20, 390-394, 1990.
121. Bi, H.T., Y. Jin*, Z.Q. Yu and D.R. Bai, "Heat transfer between suspension and immersed surfaces in fast
fluidized beds," J. Chem. Ind. Eng. (in Chinese), 41, 709-716, 1990.
122. Bi, H.T., Y. Jin*, Z.Q. Yu, D.R. Bai and D. Jiang, "Criteria of transition from fast fluidization to pneumatic
transport," J. Chem. Ind. Eng., (in Chinese), 41, 623-625, 1990.
123. Bi, H.T., Y. Jin*, Z.Q. Yu, D.R. Bai and Z.W. Wang, "Change of sectional-average heat transfer coefficients
in fast fluidized bed," J. Chem. Ind. Eng., (in Chinese), 41, 478-502, 1990.
124. Bi, H.T., Y. Jin* and Z.Q. Yu, "Effect of probe orientation on the measurement of local heat transfer
coefficients in circulating fluidized bed," Chem. Reac. Eng. and Technol. (in Chinese), 6, 37-42, 1990.
1989
125. Bi, H.T., Y. Jin* and Z.Q. Yu, "A discussion on heat transfer in fast fluidized beds," Chem. Eng. and
Machinery (in Chinese), 16, 364-370, 1989.
1987
126. Jin, Y., H.T. Bi* and N.J. Yan, "A study on the hydrodynamics of a tubular reactor packed with monolithic
catalyst," Chem. Reac. Eng. and Technol.(in Chinese), 3, 8-15, 1987.
(b) Refereed Conference Proceedings
2008
127. Bi, H.T. and X.H. Liu, “High density and high solids flux CFB risers for steam gasification of biomass” in Int.
Symposium on gasification, Shanghai, December 9-11, 2008.
128. Kulah, X. Song, H.T. Bi, C.J. Lim and J.R. Grace, A novel system for measuring solids dispersion in
circulating fluidized beds” ” in J. Werther, W. Nowak and K.-E. Wirth and E.-U. Hartge eds., Circulating
Fluidized Bed Technology IX, pp.135-140, 2008.
129. Yang, T. and H.T. Bi, “An internal circulating fluidized bed reactor for integrated NOx adsorption and
reduction with hydrocarbons” in J. Werther, W. Nowak and K.-E. Wirth and E.-U. Hartge eds., Circulating
Fluidized Bed Technology IX, pp.925-930, 2008.
130. Zhou, D.D., D. Wang, X.T. Bi and S.S. Dong, Biofilm performance in an aerobic fluidized bed reactor during
the start-up period, Proc. Int. Conf. Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan, China, July 2008.
2007
131. Bi, H.T. “Challenges and opportunities for petroleum sustainable development,” in Proc. of International
Forum on Petroleum Sustainable Development, August 13-15, 2007, Beijing, China.
132. Wang Z.G. H.T. Bi and C.J. Lim, Gas mixing in conical spouted beds, in Fluidization XII, eds. H.T. Bi, F.
Berruti and T. Pugsley, 529-536, ECI, New York, May 2007.
133. Kirbas, G., J.R. Grace, H.T. Bi and C.J. Lim, High density riser hydrodynamics, Fluidization XII, 71-78,
Vancouver, May 2007.
134. Rusner, D., J.R. Grace, H.T. Bi, C.J. Lim, Performance of a novel solids entrance design, Fluidization XII,
161-168, Vancouver, May 2007.
135. Escudie, R., N. Epstein, J.R. Grace and H.T. Bi, Layer inversion and bed contraction in upflow and
downflow liquid fluidization of binary solids, Fluidization XII, 305-312, Vancouver, May 2007.
136. Fan, C.G., Lin W.G., W.L. Song and H.T. Bi, Ozone decomposition in downer reactors, Fluidization XII,
847-854, Vancouver, May 2007.
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137. Chen A.H., H.T. Bi and J.R. Grace, Dynamic electrostatic signals for monitoring charges in gas-solids
fluidized beds, Fluidization XII, 1001-1008, Vancouver, May 2007.
2006
th
138. Chen A.H., H.T. Bi* and J.R. Grace “Improved charge reconstruction using eight static probes” 6 World
Congress on Particle Technologies, Orlando, Florida, April 23-28, 2006.
139. Huang, Z.Y. and H.T. Bi*, “Regional energy and CO2 integration to reduce GHG emissions and improve
local air quality,” Climate Change Technologies Conference, Ottawa, May 10-12, 2006.
140. Stumper, J., P. Sauriol and H.T. Bi, In-situ diagnostic methods for water management in PEM fuel cells,”
ACS Electrochemical Society Meeting, Mexico, September, 2006.
141. A.P. Watkinson*, Y-H. Li, H. Bi, J.R. Grace and C.J. Lim, “Formation of dioxins during combustion of salt-
laden hog fuel,” in A.V. Bridgewater and D.G.B. Boockck eds. Science in Thermal and Chemical Biomass
Conversion, CPL Press, UK, vol. 1, p.82-97. 2006.
2005
142. Sauriol, P., H.T. Bi*, J. Stumper, D.S. Nobes and D. Kiel, A water transfer factor measurement apparatus
for polymer electrolyte, D. Ghosh ed. Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies, pp.35-50, MET-SOC, Calgary,
2005.
143. Song, X.Q., H.T. Bi*, J.R. Grace and C.J. Lim, Transient behaviour of CFB risers subject to abrupt change
in solids feeding rate, Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology VIII, K.F. Cen ed., Int. Academic Publishers,
pp.68-74, 2005.
144. Jin, Y.* and H.T. Bi, “Sustainable development and ecological process engineering,” in Proc. Sino-Italy
Forum on Recycling and Environment, R.S. Wang ed., Beijing, in press, 2005
145. Stefanova, A., H.T. Bi, C.J. Lim and J.R. Grace*, Heat transfer from a vertical tube in a turbulent fluidized
bed, in Transport Phenomena in Science and Technology, J. Hristov ed., pp.95-108, Bulgaria, September 10-
15, 2005.
2004
146. Bi, H.T.*, “Transition to turbulent fluidization” Fluidization XI, ed. U. Arena, R. Chirone, M. Miccio and P.
Salatino, Engineering Conferences International, pp. 523-530, 2004.
147. Mehrani, P., H.T. Bi* and J.R. Grace, “Changes in electrostatic charges of fine particles after addition to
th
gas-solids fluidized beds,” in Recent Developments in Applied Electrostatics, 5 Int. conf. on Applied
Electrostatics, Keping Sun and Gefei Yu eds, Elsevier, Oxford, pp.25-28, November. 2004.
148. Donald, A., Bi, H.T., Grace, J.R.* and Lim, C.J., Penetration of single and multiple jets into fluidized beds,
Fludization XI, ed. U. Arena, R. Chirone, M. Miccio and P. Salatino, Engineering Conferences International,
pp. 171-178, 2004.
149. A.P. Watkinson*, Y-H. Li, H. Bi, J.R. Grace and C.J. Lim, “Formation of dioxins during combustion of salt-
th
laden hog fuel,” Proc. 6 Int. Conf. On Science in Thermal and Chemical Biomass Conversion, Victoria,
Canada, August 30 – September 2, 2004.
150. Xu, J., Bao, X.*, Wei, W., Bi, H.T., Grace, J.R. and Lim, C.J., Flow regimes recognition of spouted beds
through mutual information function, Fludization XI, ed. U. Arena, R. Chirone, M. Miccio and P. Salatino,
Engineering Conferences International, pp. 507-514, 2004.
2002
151. Kirbas, G., C.J. Lim, J.R. Grace*, H.T. Bi, “Solids motion near the wall of high density circulating fluidized
beds” in World Congress of Particle Technology, Sydney, Australia, Aug. 2002.
152. Liu, J., J.R. Grace* and H.T. Bi, “Local particle velocity and fluxes in high density CFBs,” Circulating
Fluidized Beds Technology VII, eds. JR Grace, J Zhu and H. de Lasa, CSChE, Ottawa, pp.341-348, 2002.
153. Knappers, B., F. Berruti*, J.R. Grace, H.T. Bi and C.J. Lim, “Hydrodynamics of fluid coker,” Circulating
Fluidized Beds Technology VII, eds. JR Grace, J Zhu and H. de Lasa, CSChE, Ottawa, pp.263-270, 2002.
154. Ellis, N., C.J. Lim, J.R. Grace*, H.T. Bi and K.S. Lim, “Frequency analysis of pressure fluctuation in
turbulent fluidized beds,” Circulating Fluidized Beds Technology VII, eds. JR Grace, J Zhu and H. de Lasa,
CSChE, Ottawa, pp.287-294, 2002.
2001
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155. Morikawa, H., H.T. Bi*, C.J. Lim and J.R. Grace, "Entrainment from pilot scale turbulent fluidized beds with
FCC particles," Fluidization X, eds. M. Kwauk, J. Li and W.C. Yang, Engineering Foundation, New York,
pp.181-188, 2001.
156. Ellis, N., C.J. Lim, J.R. Grace*, H.T. Bi, K.S. Lim, T. Joyce, R. Close and A. Zakhari, “Local flow structure
th
and scale-up of turbulent fluidized beds”, Proceedings of 6 World Congress of Chemical Engineering,
Melbourne, Australia, September 2001.
157. Wang, M., W.S. Wei, J. Xu, X.J. Bao*, H.T. Bi, "Pressure fluctuations in spouted beds," Fluidization X, eds.
M. Kwauk, J. Li and W.C. Yang, Engineering Foundation, New York, pp.149-156, 2001.
2000
158. Wei, W.S., H.Z. Chen, J. Xu, G. Shi, X.J. Bao* and H.T. Bi, "Spouting of fine particles at elevated pressure"
in Fluidization'2000: Science and Technology, Xian, China, 2000.
1999
159. Liu, J.Z., J.R. Grace*, H.T. Bi and J.X. Zhu, “Gas mixing in a high density circulating fluidized bed riser, in
Circulating Fluidized Bed,” in Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology VI, ed. J. Werther, pp. 399-404, 1999.
1997
160. Issangya A.S., D. Bai, H.T. Bi, K.S. Lim, J. Zhu and J.R. Grace*, "Axial solids holdup profiles in a high-
density circulating fluidized bed riser," in Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology V, ed. M. Kwauk and J. Li,
Science Press, Beijing, pp.60-65, 1997.
1996
161. Bai D, H.T. Bi and J.R. Grace*, "Dependence of chaotic behaviour of fluidized beds on experimental
measurement methods," Proc. 1st Intern. Conf. on Fractal Concepts and Application of Chaos in Chemical
Engineering Problems, Sept. 2-5, 1996, Rome, Italy.
1993
162. Bi, H.T.*, J.X. Zhu, Y. Jin and Z.Q. Yu, "Forms of particle aggregate in circulating fluidized beds," in
Proceedings of the 6th National Fluidization Conference, pp.162-167, Beijing, China, 1993.
1992
163. Fan, L.-S.*, J.-W. Tzeng and H.T. Bi, "Flow structures in a two-dimensional bubble column and three-
phase fluidized beds," in Fluidization VII, pp.399-406, eds. O.E. Potter and D.J. Nicklin, Engineering
Foundation, New York, 1992.
1991
164. Jiang, P., K. Inokuchi, R.-H. Jean, H.T. Bi and L.-S. Fan*, "Ozone decomposition in a catalytic circulating
fluidized bed reactor," in Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology III, P. Basu, M. Horio and M. Hasatani eds.,
pp.557-562, Pergamon Press, 1991.
165. Bi, H.T., Y. Jin*, Z.Q. Yu and D.R. Bai, "An investigation on heat transfer in circulating fluidized bed," in
Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology III, P. Basu, M. Horio and M. Hasatani eds., pp.233-238, Pergamon
Press, 1991.
1989
166. Bi, H.T., Y. Jin*, Z.Q. Yu and D.R. Bai, "Radial distribution of heat transfer coefficient in fast fluidized bed,"
in Fluidization VI, J.R. Grace, L.W. Shemilt and M.A. Bergougnou eds., Engineering Foundation, New York,
pp.701-707, 1989.
(c) Other
2. NON-REFEREED PUBLICATIONS
(a) Journals
167. Bi, H.T. and J.R. Grace*, "Comments on 'modeling of Solids Global Fluctuations in Bubbling Fluidized Beds
by Standing Surface Waves'," Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 22, 233-235, 1996.
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(b) Conference Proceedings
168. Sauriol, P., S. Kim, H.T. Bi, J. Stumper and St. Pierre, “Tailoring a PEMFC water management model using
in-situ water transfer measurements,” In conference CD of AIChE Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, Nov. 1-4,
2005.
169. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj and X. Bi. Streamlined life cycle analysis of biomass densification process. In
Conference CD of AIChE Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, paper # 575c, Nov.1-4, 2005.
170. Bi, H.T., “Integrating sustainability into chemical and biological engineering curricula at UBC,” In
Conference CD of AIChE Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, Nov. 1-4, 2005.
171. Wang, Z.G., H.T. Bi and C.J. Lim, “Numerical Simulations of Hydrodynamic Behaviors in Conical Spouted
Beds,” In Conference CD of AIChE Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, Nov. 1-4, 2005.
172. Yao, P.X., F. Budi, L. Wang and H.T. Bi*, “Effects of organic compounds on ozone absorption in a water
th
purification unit”, In the preprint of 6 Int. Conference on Gas-Liquid and Gas-liquid-Solid Reactor
Engineering, Vancouver, August 2003.
173. Abba, I.A., J.R. Grace*, H.T. Bi and M.L. Thompson, "An integrated approach to fluidized bed reactor
modeling," in Fluidization and Fluid-Particle Systems, AIChE meeting pre-prints, Dallas, TX, pp.190-198,
October 1999.
174. Zhu, J.X.* and H.T. Bi, "Development of CFB and concept of high density risers," in preprint of the
proceedings of the 4th Int. Conf. Circulating Fluidized Beds, A.A. Avidan ed., PA, USA, 1993.
(c) Other (Presentations)
2008
175. Shankar TJ, Kuang X, Sokhansanj S, Lim CJ, Bi X, and Melin S, ”Effect of storage temperature
on off-gassing and physical properties of wood pellets”, ASABE Paper No.084248, 2008 ASABE
Annual International Meeting, Rhode Island Convention Center, Providence, Rhode Island, June 29
– July 2, 2008.
176. Lam PS, Sokhansanj S, Lim CJ, Bi X, Sowlati T, Mani S, Melin S, “Energetic feasibility of biomass
densification with steam explosion pre-treatment”, CSBE 50th Annual Conference, Paper Number:
CSBE08101, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 2008.
177. Shankar T. J, K. Xingya, S. Sokhansanj, C.J. Lim, X. Bi, and S. Melin. 2008. Studies on off-
gassing and pellet properties during storage of wood pellets. Bioenergy Conference: Prince
George, BC, Canada, June 3-5, 2008.
178. Lam PS, Sokhansanj S, Bi X, Lim CJ, Shankar TJ, Rezaie G, Naimi LJ, Womac AR, “ Effect of
particle size and shape on physical properties of biomass grinds”, ASABE Annual International
Meeting presentation, Paper Number: 080014, Rhode Island, U.S.A, 2008.
179. Shankar TJ, Kuan X, Sokhansanj S, Lim CJ, Bi X, and Melin S, ”Off-gassing kinetics related to
pellet physical properties”, Canadian Biosystems Engineering: CSBE 2008 Conference, North
Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2008.
180. Shankar TJ, Kuan X, Sokhansanj S, Lim CJ, Bi X and Melin S, ”Wood pellet properties and effect
of storage temperature”, Pacific Rim Summit on Industrial Biotechnology and Bioenergy. Sept 10-
12, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2008.
181. Lam PS, Sokhansanj S, Bi X, Lim CJ, Melin S, “Optimization of steam explosion for biomass
granules”, Bioenergy Conference & Exhibition 2008, Prince George, B.C., Canada, 2008.
182. Peng J, Sokhansanj S, Bi X, Lim CJ, Melin S, “A Study of Torrefaction for the Production of High
Quality Wood Pellets”, CSBE 50th Annual Conference, July 13-16, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada,
2008.
183. Igathinathane C, Shankar TJ, Sokhansanj S, Bi X, Lim CJ, Melin S, “A novel method of
determining wood pellets macro porosity”, Pacific Rim Summit on Industrial Biotechnology and
Bioenergy, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Sept 10-12th, 2008.
184. Igathinathane C, Shankar TJ, Sokhansanj S, Bi X, Lim CJ, “Bioenergy densification-Pelletability
Index”, Bioenergy Conference, Prince George, June 3-5, BC, Canada, 2008.
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185. Shankar T. J, K. Xingya, S. Sokhansanj, C.J. Lim, X. Bi, and S. Melin. 2008. Off gassing
kinetics related to pellet physical properties. CSBE 50th Annual Conference, North Vancouver,
B.C., Canada.
186. Wendi, G. X. Bi, C.J. Lim, S. Sokhansanj and S. Melin. 2008. Self heating of wood pellets in
storage. CSBE 50th Annual Conference, Paper Number: CSBE08101, North Vancouver, B.C.,
Canada.
187. Kuang X, Shankar TJ, Sokhansanj S, Lim CJ, Bi X, and Melin S, ”Characterization and kinetics
study of off-gas emissions from stored wood pellets”, CSBE 50th Annual Conference, North
Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 2008.
188. Peng J, Sokhansanj S, Bi X, Lim CJ, Melin S, ”Energy input and manufacturing costs for
producing torrefied biomass pellets”, CSBE 50th Annual Conference, North Vancouver, B.C.,
Canada, 2008.
189. Igathinathane C, Shankar TJ, Sokhansanj S, Bi X, Lim CJ, “Bioenergy densification”, CSBE 50th
Annual Conference, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 2008.
190. Fahiemeh Y, Sokhansanj S, Bi X, Lim CJ, “Airflow pressure drop in bulk wood pellets”, CSBE 50th
Annual Conference, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 2008.
191. Ladan J, Sokhansanj S, Bi. X, Lim CJ, “Transient mass-size distribution model to predict the
performance of biomass”, CSBE 50th Annual Conference, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 2008.
2007
192. Peng, J.H., H. Hoque, H.T. Bi, S. Sokhansanj and S. Melin, An economical analysis of BC’s wood pellets
th
opportunities. 57 Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Edmonton, Alberta, Oct. 29-Nov. 3, 2007.
193. Rondina, M. and H.T. Bi, “Environmental and health impact assessments of hydrogen production from
th
natural gas and biomass sources” 57 Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Edmonton, Alberta, Oct.
29-Nov. 3, 2007.
194. Magelli, F., H. T. Bi, S. Melin and A. Bonoli, A well-to-tank analysis of canadian wood pellets. International
Life Cycle Assessment and Management 2007, Portland, Oregon, October 2-4, 2007.
st
195. Bi, H.T., Challenges and opportunities for petroleum sustainable development, 1 PhD Forum on
Sustainable Petroleum Development, Beijing, August 2007.
196. Shankar, T.J., S. Mani, S. Sokhansanj, C.J. Lim, H.T. Bi, S. Melin. 2007. Studies on off-gassing during
storage of wood pellets. ASABE paper 071022. Presented at the International Meeting of the ASABE,
Minneapolis, MN July 17-20, 2007.
197. Naimi, L.J., S. Sokhansanj, H.T. Bi, Alvin R. Womac,Sudhagar Mani, Mozammel Hoque. 2007. Modeling
and characterization of biomass size reduction. ASABE paper 076047. Presented at the International
Meeting of the ASABE, Minneapolis, MN July 17-20, 2007.
198. Lam, Pak Sui, Sudhagar Mani, Mozammel Hoque, Ladan Jafari-Naimi, Shahab Sokhansanj, Hsiaotao Bi.
Physical characterization of switchgrass and wheat straw. ASABE paper 076058. Presented at the
International Meeting of the ASABE, Minneapolis, MN July 17-20, 2007.
199. Hoque, M., S. Sokhansanj, Alvin R. Womac, Ladan J. Naimi , Sudhagar Mani, H.T. Bi, Jim Lim. 2007.
Review and analysis of performance and productivity of size reduction equipment for fibrous materials.
ASABE paper 076164. Presented at the International Meeting of the ASABE, Minneapolis, MN July 17-20,
2007.
200. Wu, Jingeng., Xiaozi Yuan, Jonathan J. Martin, Haijiang Wang*, H.T. Bi, Pucheng Pei, Haiyan Huang,
Durability study of PEM fuel cells, P21, Hydrogen & Fuel Cell 2007: International Conference and Trade
Show, April 29- May 2, 2007, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
2006
201. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj, X. Bi, M. Hoque, P. Zaini and L. Naimi. Thin layer drying and shrinkage of wood
chips. 2006 CSBE-SCGAB Annual Meeting, Edmonton, Canada, 2006.
202. M. Hoque, S. Sokhansanj, Mani, S., X. Bi, P. Zaini, S. Melin and L. Naimi. Economics of torrified pellet
production for export market. 2006 CSBE-SCGAB Annual Meeting, Edmonton, Canada, 2006.
203. M. Hoque, S. Sokhansanj, Mani, S., X. Bi, P. Zaini, S. Melin and L. Naimi. Interaction of particle size,
moisture content and compression pressure on bulk density of wood chip and straw. 2006 CSBE-SCGAB
Annual Meeting, Edmonton, Canada, 2006.
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204. Naimi, L., S. Sokhansanj, W. Al., S. Narayan, Mani, S., X. Bi, P. Zaini, S. Melin and M. Hoque,. Cost and
performance of size reduction for woody feedstocks for energy production. 2006 CSBE-SCGAB Annual
Meeting, Edmonton, Canada, 2006.
205. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj, X. Bi and P. Zaini. Simulation of biomass densification system. Bioenergy
Conference 2006, Prince George, BC, Canada, 2006 (Invited).
206. Zaini, P., S. Mani, S. Sokhansanj and X. Bi. Quality properties of densified MPB infested wood. Bioenergy
Conference 2006, Prince George, BC, Canada, 2006.
207. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj, X. Bi, M. Hoque, P. Zaini and L. Naimi. Potential of using MPB infested wood for
fuel pellet production: Cost-Benefit Analysis. IEA Bioenergy Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, 2006.
208. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj and X. Bi. Dynamic simulation of biomass densification process. ASAE paper St.
Joseph., MI: ASAE, 2006.
209. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj and X. Bi. Modeling of biomass wet storage system. ASAE paper St. Joseph, MI:
ASAE, 2006.
210. Zaini, P., S. Mani, S. Sokhansanj and X. Bi. Effect of wood structure and composition on pellet density.
ASAE paper St. Joseph, MI: ASAE, 2006.
211. Epstein, N., R. Escudie, J.R. Grace and H.T. Bi, The layer inversion phenomenon, Paper 237 presented at
st
the 231 American Chemical Society National Meeting, Atlanta, GA, USA, March 26-30, 2006.
2005
212. Bi, H.T., Monitoring of electrostatics in industrial gas-solids fluidized bed reactors, invited seminar at the
Dow Chemicals Research Center, Charleston, West Virginia, September 10, 2005.
th
213. Bi, H.T., Multiscale approaches toward sustainable development, presented at the 9 Canadian Pollution
Prevention Roundtable, Victoria, June 1-2, 2005.
214. Bi, H.T., A multiscale approach for regional animal waste management, invited seminar at the School of
Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Chang-Ping, China, May 20, 2005.
215. Bi, H.T., A multiscale approach for regional animal waste management,, invited seminar at the Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, May 19, 2005.
216. H.T. Bi, Biomass and Pollution Prevention, presented at the BIOCAP workshop on Biomass collection and
processing logistics, February 4, 2005, Ottawa, Canada.
217. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj* and H.T. Bi. Energy conservation in biomass drying process using renewable
fuels. BIOCAP Canada Foundations’ First National Conference, Ottawa, Canada, February 2-3, 2005.
218. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj* and H.T. Bi. Modeling of rotary drum dryer for forages. ASAE Annual Meeting,
Tampa FL. USA, 2005.
219. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj and X. Bi. 2005. Application of multi-criteria ranking method for biomass pelleting
plant. CSAE Paper No. 05-082. Winnipeg, MB: CSAE/SCGR.
220. Mani, S., H.T. Bi, and S. Sokhansanj. Environmental systems assessment of biomass densification
process. CSAE Paper No. 05081. Winnipeg, MB: CSAE/SCGR, 2005.
221. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj*, and H.T. Bi. Simulation of whole crop processing and harvesting system. ASAE
paper No. 04-8010. St. Joseph, MI, USA, 2004..
222. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj and X. Bi. 2005. Modeling of rotary drum dryer for forages. ASAE paper No. 05-
6082. St. Joseph., MI: ASAE.
223. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj, X. Bi and T.G. Tabil. 2005. Modeling of biomass drying and densification
processes. ASAE paper No. 05- 6144. St. Joseph., MI: ASAE.
224. Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj, X. Bi and A. Kumar. 2005. Modeling of biomass drying process using alternative
fuel sources. BIOCAP Canada Foundations’ First National Conference, Ottawa, Canada.
2004
225. Jin Y*. and H.T. Bi, Sustainable development and ecological process engineering, Presented at the
China-Italy Workshop on Recycling and Environment, Beijing, March 22-24, 2004.
226. Grace, J.R., H.T. Bi* and H. de Lasa, Modeling & Scale-up of fluidized bed catalytic reactors. A short
nd
course for the 2 Mitsubishi Chemicals Workshop on Multiphase Flow and Reaction Systems, Vancouver,
Canada, June 24-25, 1998.
3. BOOKS
(a) Authored
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227. Bi, H.T., Green Engineering Principles and Applications, a textbook for CHBE 484, 2004.
(b) Edited
228. Zhu, J.X. and H.T. Bi, China Journal of Particuology, Special Issue in Honour of Profs. Y. Jin and Z.Q.
Yu, 2006.
229. Bi, H.T., F. Berruti and T. Pugsley, Fluidization XII: New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering, ECI, New
York, 2007.
(c) Chapters
230. Bi, H.T. “Turbulent fluidization,” Section 1.6 in Handbook of Fluidization, M. Kwauk and H. Li eds.,
Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, pp.229-237, 2008.
231. Bi, H.T. “Selection and design of turbulent fluidized beds,” Section 5.3 in Handbook of Fluidization, M.
Kwauk and H. Li eds., Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, pp.383-386, 2008.
232. Grace, J.R., H.T. Bi and M.R. Golriz, “Circulating Fluidized Beds,” Chapter 9 in Handbook for fluidization
and fluid-particle systems, W.C. Yang ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, pp.485-544, 2003.
233. Bi, H.T., "Modeling of fluidized bed reactors", Chapter 8 in Y. Jin, Z.Q. Yu and J.X. Zhu eds. Principles of
Fluidization Engineering, Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, 2001.
234. J.R. Grace and H.T. Bi, "Introduction to circulating fluidized beds," Chapter 1 in J.R. Grace, A.A. Avidan
and T.M. Knowlton eds. Circulating Fluidized Beds, Chapman & Hall, Boston, 1997.
4. PATENTS
1. Legros, R., J. Chaouki, H.T. Bi, R. Kebir and A. Macchi, SPOUT-FLUID BED DRYER AND GRANULATOR
FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANIMAL MANURE, Canadian Patent #2,178,575; US Patent, #5,809,664,
Sept., 1998.
2. Legros, R., J. Chaouki, H.T. Bi, R. Kebir and A. Macchi, SPOUT-FLUID BED DRYER AND GRANULATOR
FOR THE TREATMENT OF WASTE SLURRIES, Canadian Patent #2,257,209; US Patent # 5,913,588,
Jun. 1999.
3. Bi, H.T., P. Watkinson, S. Helle, V. van Slyke and H. Timmenga, Method of waste treatment, Canadian
Patent #2,381,623, October 2002.
4. Rusnell, D., John Grace, Hsiaotao Bi, Jim Lim, Peter Ronan, Craig McKnight, A New Transfer-Line
Entrance, US Provisional Patent, August 2004.
5. Bi, H.T., P. Watkinson, S. Helle, V. van Slyke and H. Timmenga, Method of waste treatment, US Patent #
6,916,426, July 2005.
6. Sauriol, P., H.T. Bi, J. Stumper, D. Nobes and D. Kiel, “Water transfer factor measurement apparatus for
PEM fuel cells,” US Provisional patent, May 2005.
7. Bi, H.T., X.Q. Song, J. Bolkan and J.R. Grace, A high-flux downer reactor installed with a novel solids
feeder, US Provisional Patent, August 2005.
8. Bi, H.T., J.R. Grace, A.H. Chen and A. Park, A transient on-line electrostatic charge monitoring method,
US Provisional Patent, August 2005.
9. Bi, H.T. and P. Sauriol, “A novel PEM fuel cell distributor design” US Provisional Patent, April 2006.
10. Bi, H.T. and T.X. Yang, “A novel fluidized bed reactor for catalytic NO x reduction using hydrocarbons” US
Provisional Patent, March 2008.
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