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University of Cincinnati
Means Comparison Report
August 2005
Interpreting the Means Comparison Report
Variables Statistical Significance
The items from the NSSE survey appear in the left column in the same order and wording as Items with mean differences that are larger than would be expected by chance
they appear on the instrument. Responses set values are also provided to help you interpret the alone are noted with one, two, or three asterisks, referring to three significance
statistics. levels (p<.05, p< .01, and p<.001). The smaller the significance level, the
smaller the likelihood that the difference is due to chance. Please note that
Variable Names statistical significance does not guarantee that the result is substantive or
The name of each variable appears in the second column for easy reference to your data file important. Large sample sizes (like those produced by NSSE) tend to produce
and the summary statistics at the end of this section. more statistically significant results even though the magnitude of mean
differences may be inconsequential. It is recommended to start by interpreting
Benchmark
only those items with three asterisks (p<.001) and to consult effect sizes (see
Items that comprise the five “Benchmarks of Effective Educational Practice” are indicated by
below) in order to make judgments about the practical meaning of the results.
the following:
LAC=Level of Academic
Challenge
ACL=Active and Effect Size
Collaborative Learning Effect size indicates the
SFI=Student-Faculty “practical significance” of
Interaction the mean difference. It is
EEE=Enriching Educational calculated by dividing the
Experiences mean difference by the
SCE=Supportive Campus standard deviation of the
Environment group with which the
institution is being compared
Mean
(consortium, Carnegie type,
The mean is the arithmetic
or NSSE 2005). In practice,
average of student responses
an effect size of .2 is often
on a particular item. Means are
considered small, .5
provided for your institution,
moderate, and .8 large. A
selected peers or consortium,
positive sign indicates that
Carnegie classification, and for
your institution’s mean was
the NSSE 2005 national
greater, thus showing
sample.
an affirmative result for the institution. A negative sign indicates the institution lags behind
Class the comparison group, suggesting that the student behavior or institutional practice
Means are reported for first-year students (FY) and seniors (SR). If applicable, represented by the item may warrant attention. An exception to this interpretation is the
first-year and senior students that were part of an oversample are included in your “coming to class unprepared” item (item 1f.) where a negative sign is preferred (i.e.,
institution’s data, but not in any of the comparison groups. meaning fewer students reporting coming to class unprepared).
NSSE 2005 Means
Comparison Report
University of Cincinnati
Freshmen N=211 Freshmen N=329
Seniors N=258 Seniors N=389
Male Female
2005 2005
Bench- Effect
a b
Variable mark Class Mean Mean Sig Size
In your experience at your institution during the current school year, about how often have you done each of the following?
1. Academic and Intellectual Experiences 1=never, 2=sometimes, 3=often, 4=very often
Asked questions in class or contributed to class FY 2.65 2.79 -.16
a. CLQUEST ACL
discussions SR 3.09 3.10 -.01
FY 2.18 2.27 -.10
b. Made a class presentation CLPRESEN ACL
SR 2.77 2.84 -.08
Prepared two or more drafts of a paper or FY 2.73 2.96 ** -.23
c. REWROPAP
assignment before turning it in SR 2.37 2.38 -.02
Worked on a paper or project that required
d. integrating ideas or information from INTEGRAT FY 3.07 3.21 * -.17
various sources SR 3.21 3.31 -.13
Included diverse perspectives (different races,
e. religions, genders, political beliefs, etc.) in class DIVCLASS FY 2.76 2.81 -.05
discussions or writing assignments SR 2.41 2.78 *** -.37
Come to class without completing readings or FY 2.02 2.01 .01
f. CLUNPREP
assignments SR 2.19 2.07 * .16
Worked with other students on projects during FY 2.51 2.48 .04
g. CLASSGRP ACL
class SR 2.66 2.57 .10
Worked with classmates outside of class to FY 2.35 2.34 .01
h. OCCGRP ACL
prepare class assignments SR 2.93 2.60 *** .35
Put together ideas or concepts from different
i. courses when completing assignments or during INTIDEAS FY 2.56 2.57 -.01
class discussions SR 2.90 2.90 -.01
Tutored or taught other students FY 1.69 1.63 .07
j. TUTOR ACL
(paid or voluntary) SR 1.84 1.75 .11
Participated in a community-based project (e.g. FY 1.49 1.49 -.01
k. COMMPROJ ACL
service learning) as part of a regular course SR 1.41 1.59 ** -.24
a
* p<.05 ** p<.01 ***p<.001 (2-tailed).
b
Effect size = mean difference divided by comparison group standard deviation. 3
NSSE 2005 Means
Comparison Report
University of Cincinnati
Freshmen N=211 Freshmen N=329
Seniors N=258 Seniors N=389
Male Female
2005 2005
Bench- Effect
a b
Variable mark Class Mean Mean Sig Size
Used an electronic medium (listserv, chat group,
l. Internet, instant messaging, etc.) to discuss or ITACADEM EEE FY 2.63 2.83 * -.20
complete an assignment SR 2.93 2.79 .14
FY 2.92 3.31 *** -.44
m. Used e-mail to communicate with an instructor EMAIL
SR 3.25 3.36 -.16
FY 2.65 2.89 ** -.30
n. Discussed grades or assignments with an instructor FACGRADE SFI
SR 2.81 2.82 -.01
Talked about career plans with a faculty member FY 2.17 2.23 -.07
o. FACPLANS SFI
or advisor SR 2.28 2.26 .02
Discussed ideas from your readings or classes FY 1.89 1.85 .04
p. FACIDEAS SFI
with faculty members outside of class SR 2.16 1.89 *** .30
Received prompt feedback from faculty on your FY 2.72 2.79 -.08
q. FACFEED SFI
academic performance (written or oral) SR 2.70 2.85 * -.19
Worked harder than you thought you could to meet FY 2.58 2.76 * -.20
r. WORKHARD LAC
an instructor's standards or expectations SR 2.53 2.68 * -.16
Worked with faculty members on activities other
s. than coursework (committees, orientation, student FACOTHER SFI FY 1.63 1.53 .11
life activities, etc.) SR 1.71 1.70 .02
Discussed ideas from your readings or classes with
t. others outside of class (students, family members, OOCIDEAS ACL FY 2.60 2.74 -.15
co-workers, etc.) SR 2.77 2.84 -.08
Had serious conversations with students of a FY 2.65 2.64 .01
u. DIVRSTUD EEE
different race or ethnicity than your own SR 2.56 2.64 -.08
Had serious conversations with students who are
v. very different from you in terms of their religious DIFFSTU2 EEE FY 2.74 2.75 -.01
beliefs, political opinions, or personal values SR 2.73 2.69 .04
a
* p<.05 ** p<.01 ***p<.001 (2-tailed).
b
Effect size = mean difference divided by comparison group standard deviation. 4
NSSE 2005 Means
Comparison Report
University of Cincinnati
Freshmen N=211 Freshmen N=329
Seniors N=258 Seniors N=389
Male Female
2005 2005
Bench- Effect
a b
Variable mark Class Mean Mean Sig Size
During the current school year, how much has your coursework emphasized the following mental activities? 1=very little,
2. Mental Activities 2=some, 3=quite a bit, 4=very much
Memorizing facts, ideas, or methods from your
a. courses and readings so you can repeat them in MEMORIZE FY 2.83 2.91 -.10
pretty much the same form SR 2.55 2.73 * -.19
Analyzing the basic elements of an idea,
experience, or theory, such as examining a
b. ANALYZE LAC
particular case or situation in depth and FY 3.07 3.04 .04
considering its components SR 3.24 3.16 .12
Synthesizing and organizing ideas, information, or
c. experiences into new, more complex SYNTHESZ LAC FY 2.85 2.79 .07
interpretations and relationships SR 2.95 2.93 .03
Making judgments about the value of
information, arguments, or methods, such as
d. EVALUATE LAC
examining how others gathered and interpreted FY 2.84 2.83 .01
data and assessing the soundness of their SR 2.88 2.80 .10
Applying theories or concepts to practical FY 3.12 3.06 .07
e. APPLYING LAC
problems or in new situations SR 3.16 3.09 .08
During the current school year, about how much reading and writing have you done?
3. Reading and Writing 1=none, 2=between 1 and 4, 3=between 5 and 10, 4=between 11 and 20, 5=more than 20
Number of assigned textbooks, books, or FY 3.01 3.14 -.14
a. READASGN LAC
book-length packs of course readings SR 2.97 3.34 *** -.39
Number of books read on your own (not assigned) FY 1.94 2.12 * -.19
b. READOWN
for personal enjoyment or academic enrichment SR 2.17 2.20 -.03
Number of written papers or reports of 20 pages or FY 1.22 1.14 .13
c. WRITEMOR LAC
more SR 1.73 1.57 ** .21
Number of written papers or reports between 5 FY 2.28 2.29 -.01
d. WRITEMID LAC
and 19 pages SR 2.60 2.61 -.01
Number of written papers or reports of fewer than FY 3.11 3.17 -.05
e. WRITESML LAC
5 pages SR 2.98 3.00 -.01
a
* p<.05 ** p<.01 ***p<.001 (2-tailed).
b
Effect size = mean difference divided by comparison group standard deviation. 5
NSSE 2005 Means
Comparison Report
University of Cincinnati
Freshmen N=211 Freshmen N=329
Seniors N=258 Seniors N=389
Male Female
2005 2005
Bench- Effect
a b
Variable mark Class Mean Mean Sig Size
In a typical week, how many homework problem sets do you complete?
4. Problem Sets 1=none, 2=1-2, 3=3-4, 4=5-6, 5=more than 6
Number of problem sets that take you more than an FY 2.56 2.51 .04
a. PROBSETA
hour to complete SR 2.89 2.59 ** .24
Number of problem sets that take you less than an FY 2.80 2.68 .09
b. PROBSETB
hour to complete SR 2.43 2.26 .13
5. Examinations 1=very little to 7=very much
To what extent have your examinations during the
current school year challenged you to do your best EXAMS FY 5.30 5.38 -.06
work? SR 5.16 5.28 -.09
During the current school year, about how often have you done each of the following? 1=never, 2=sometimes, 3=often, 4=very
6. Additional Collegiate Experiences often
Attended an art exhibit, gallery, play, dance, or FY 1.86 1.98 -.12
a. ATDART05
other theatre performance SR 1.91 2.03 -.14
Exercised or participated in physical fitness FY 2.70 2.56 .13
b. EXRCSE05
activities SR 2.82 2.54 *** .28
Participated in activities to enhance your FY 1.83 1.93 -.10
c. WORSHP05
spirituality (worship, meditation, prayer, etc.) SR 2.11 2.07 .04
Examined the strengths and weaknesses of your FY 2.64 2.52 .13
d. OWNVIEW
own views on a topic or issue SR 2.64 2.66 -.02
Tried to better understand someone else's views by
e. imagining how an issue looks from his or her OTHRVIEW FY 2.80 2.79 .01
perspective SR 2.71 2.83 -.14
Learned something that changed the way you FY 2.74 2.80 -.07
f. CHNGVIEW
understand an issue or concept SR 2.71 2.81 -.13
Which of the following have you done or do you plan to do before you graduate from your institution? (Recoded: 0=have not
decided, do not plan to do, plan to do; 1=done. Thus, the mean is the proportion responding "done" among all valid
7. Enriching Educational Experiences respondents.)
Practicum, internship, field experience, co-op FY .08 .06 .06
a. INTERN04 EEE
experience, or clinical assignment SR .71 .57 *** .31
a
* p<.05 ** p<.01 ***p<.001 (2-tailed).
b
Effect size = mean difference divided by comparison group standard deviation. 6
NSSE 2005 Means
Comparison Report
University of Cincinnati
Freshmen N=211 Freshmen N=329
Seniors N=258 Seniors N=389
Male Female
2005 2005
Bench- Effect
a b
Variable mark Class Mean Mean Sig Size
FY .40 .49 -.17
b. Community service or volunteer work VOLNTR04 EEE
SR .63 .60 .07
Participate in a learning community or some other
c. formal program where groups of students take two LRNCOM04 FY .23 .38 *** -.37
or more classes together SR .32 .33 -.02
Work on a research project with a faculty member FY .07 .08 -.03
d. RESRCH04 SFI
outside of course or program requirements
SR .21 .17 .11
FY .16 .26 ** -.28
e. Foreign language coursework FORLNG04 EEE
SR .34 .53 *** -.39
FY .02 .03 -.15
f. Study abroad STDABR04 EEE
SR .11 .11 -.01
FY .04 .03 .03
g. Independent study or self-designed major INDSTD04 EEE
SR .15 .17 -.04
Culminating senior experience (capstone course, FY .03 .02 .06
h. SNRX04 EEE
thesis, project, comprehensive exam, etc.) SR .33 .35 -.05
Mark the box that best represents the quality of your relationships with people at your institution. 1=unfriendly, unsupportive,
8. Quality of Relationships sense of alienation to 7=friendly, supportive, sense of belonging
FY 5.40 5.38 .02
a. Relationships with other students ENVSTU SCE
SR 5.40 5.44 -.03
1=unavailable, unhelpful, unsympathetic to 7=available, helpful, sympathetic
FY 4.98 5.10 -.08
b. Relationships with faculty members ENVFAC SCE
SR 5.00 5.16 -.13
1=unhelpful, inconsiderate, rigid to 7=helpful, considerate, flexible
Relationships with administrative personnel and FY 4.50 4.40 .06
c. ENVADM SCE
offices SR 4.06 3.98 .05
a
* p<.05 ** p<.01 ***p<.001 (2-tailed).
b
Effect size = mean difference divided by comparison group standard deviation. 7
NSSE 2005 Means
Comparison Report
University of Cincinnati
Freshmen N=211 Freshmen N=329
Seniors N=258 Seniors N=389
Male Female
2005 2005
Bench- Effect
a b
Variable mark Class Mean Mean Sig Size
About how many hours do you spend in a typical 7-day week doing each of the following?
1=0 hrs/wk, 2=1-5 hrs/wk, 3=6-10 hrs/wk, 4=11-15 hrs/wk, 5=16-20 hrs/wk, 6=21-25 hrs/wk, 7=26-30 hrs/wk, 8=more than 30
9. Time Usage hrs/wk
Preparing for class (studying, reading, writing,
a. doing homework or lab work, analyzing data, FY 4.08 3.97 .06
ACADPR01 LAC
rehearsing, and other academic activities) SR 4.44 4.23 .10
FY 1.49 1.45 .03
b. Working for pay on campus WORKON01
SR 1.66 1.77 -.07
FY 3.16 3.45 -.12
c. Working for pay off campus WORKOF01
SR 3.69 4.18 * -.18
Participating in co-curricular activities
(organizations, campus publications, student
d.
government, social fraternity or sorority, COCURR01 EEE FY 2.06 1.78 * .19
intercollegiate or intramural sports, etc.) SR 2.08 1.69 ** .25
Relaxing and socializing (watching TV, FY 4.12 3.41 *** .39
e. SOCIAL05
partying, etc.) SR 3.53 3.14 ** .25
Providing care for dependents living with you FY 1.90 1.89 .01
f. CAREDE01
(parents, children, spouse, etc.) SR 1.85 2.63 *** -.41
FY 2.32 2.42 -.11
g. Commuting to class (driving, walking, etc.) COMMUTE
SR 2.39 2.51 -.12
To what extent does your institution emphasize each of the following?
10. Institutional Environment 1=very little, 2=some, 3=quite a bit, 4=very much
Spending significant amounts of time studying and FY 2.95 3.13 * -.21
a. ENVSCHOL LAC
on academic work SR 2.97 3.00 -.03
Providing the support you need to help you succeed FY 2.81 2.84 -.04
b. ENVSUPRT SCE
academically SR 2.58 2.63 -.05
Encouraging contact among students from different FY 2.45 2.63 * -.20
c. ENVDIVRS EEE
economic, social, and racial or ethnic backgrounds
SR 2.16 2.20 -.04
a
* p<.05 ** p<.01 ***p<.001 (2-tailed).
b
Effect size = mean difference divided by comparison group standard deviation. 8
NSSE 2005 Means
Comparison Report
University of Cincinnati
Freshmen N=211 Freshmen N=329
Seniors N=258 Seniors N=389
Male Female
2005 2005
Bench- Effect
a b
Variable mark Class Mean Mean Sig Size
Helping you cope with your non-academic FY 1.97 2.05 -.09
d. ENVNACAD SCE
responsibilities (work, family, etc.) SR 1.61 1.61 .00
FY 2.27 2.28 .00
e. Providing the support you need to thrive socially ENVSOCAL SCE
SR 1.90 1.87 .04
Attending campus events and activities (special
f. speakers, cultural performances, athletic ENVEVENT FY 2.50 2.56 -.06
events, etc.) SR 2.30 2.22 .10
FY 3.36 3.45 -.12
g. Using computers in academic work ENVCOMPT
SR 3.45 3.47 -.03
To what extent has your experience at this institution contributed to your knowledge, skills, and personal development in the
following areas?
11. Educational and Personal Growth 1=very little, 2=some, 3=quite a bit, 4=very much
FY 2.90 3.10 * -.24
a. Acquiring a broad general education GNGENLED
SR 2.94 3.08 * -.16
Acquiring job or work-related knowledge FY 2.83 2.78 .04
b. GNWORK
and skills SR 3.17 2.98 * .21
FY 2.88 3.03 -.16
c. Writing clearly and effectively GNWRITE
SR 2.80 2.92 -.13
FY 2.61 2.78 -.16
d. Speaking clearly and effectively GNSPEAK
SR 2.74 2.81 -.07
FY 3.08 3.16 -.09
e. Thinking critically and analytically GNANALY
SR 3.26 3.28 -.02
FY 2.96 2.81 .17
f. Analyzing quantitative problems GNQUANT
SR 3.07 2.93 .14
FY 3.13 3.13 .00
g. Using computing and information technology GNCMPTS
SR 3.24 3.18 .06
FY 2.96 3.01 -.07
h. Working effectively with others GNOTHERS
SR 2.96 3.05 -.10
a
* p<.05 ** p<.01 ***p<.001 (2-tailed).
b
Effect size = mean difference divided by comparison group standard deviation. 9
NSSE 2005 Means
Comparison Report
University of Cincinnati
Freshmen N=211 Freshmen N=329
Seniors N=258 Seniors N=389
Male Female
2005 2005
Bench- Effect
a b
Variable mark Class Mean Mean Sig Size
FY 2.42 2.60 -.16
i. Voting in local, state, or national elections GNCITIZN
SR 1.99 1.98 .01
FY 2.92 3.00 -.09
j. Learning effectively on your own GNINQ
SR 2.87 2.87 .01
FY 2.68 2.79 -.11
k. Understanding yourself GNSELF
SR 2.53 2.58 -.05
Understanding people of other racial and ethnic FY 2.63 2.70 -.07
l. GNDIVERS
backgrounds SR 2.31 2.39 -.08
FY 2.57 2.63 -.06
m. Solving complex real-world problems GNPROBSV
SR 2.72 2.47 ** .25
FY 2.47 2.57 -.10
n. Developing a personal code of values and ethics GNETHICS
SR 2.29 2.27 .02
FY 2.29 2.40 -.11
o. Contributing to the welfare of your community GNCOMMUN
SR 2.10 2.15 -.05
FY 1.82 1.93 -.11
p. Developing a deepened sense of spirituality GNSPIRIT
SR 1.55 1.43 .14
12. Academic Advising 1=poor, 2=fair, 3=good, 4=excellent
Overall, how would you evaluate the quality of
academic advising you have received at your ADVISE FY 2.87 2.80 .07
institution? SR 2.51 2.50 .01
13. Satisfaction 1=poor, 2=fair, 3=good, 4=excellent
How would you evaluate your entire educational FY 3.02 3.02 .00
ENTIREXP
experience at this institution? SR 2.96 2.94 .03
14. 1=definitely no, 2=probably no, 3=probably yes, 4=definitely yes
If you could start over again, would you go to the FY 3.15 3.12 .04
SAMECOLL
same institution you are now attending? SR 2.87 2.83 .04
a
* p<.05 ** p<.01 ***p<.001 (2-tailed).
b
Effect size = mean difference divided by comparison group standard deviation. 10
NSSE 2005 Means Comparison Report
Urban Consortium Questions
University of Cincinnati
Freshmen N=211 Freshmen N=329
Seniors N=258 Seniors N=389
Male Female
2005 2005
Urban Consortium Questions Variable Class Mean Mean Sig a
Effect size b
About how many hours do you spend in a typical week engaging in community FY 1.51 1.54 -.06
1. urb0501
service or some other volunteer activity off campus? SR 1.51 1.52 -.03
About how many hours do you spend in a typical week on your university’s FY 2.74 2.51 .14
2. urb0502
campus, outside of time spent in class? SR 2.13 1.74 *** .31
How likely is it that your work or family commitments will delay you in FY 2.37 2.72 -.18
3. urb0503
completing your undergraduate education? SR 2.89 3.07 -.07
How likely is it that financial problems will delay you in completing your FY 2.39 2.69 * -.22
4. urb0504
undergraduate education? SR 1.96 2.08 -.10
By the time that you expect to receive your bachelor’s degree, how long will it
FY 1.93 1.75 * .22
5. have taken, from when you first started attending college, to complete your urb0505
undergraduate studies?
SR 2.31 2.20 .10
How likely is it that you will remain living in the area after you complete your FY 3.05 3.12 -.05
6. urb0506
undergraduate education? SR 3.06 3.22 -.11
FY
7. How will your undergraduate education impact your career? urb0507 c
SR
Do you usually speak a language other than English at home or with your FY 1.09 1.09 -.01
8. urb0508
family? SR 1.06 1.08 -.08
How satisfied are you with the academic support available to you when you FY 3.80 3.79 .00
9. urb0509
need help with a specific course? SR 3.69 3.82 -.10
As an outcome of your college education, how important to you is acquiring a FY 3.22 3.34 -.15
10. urb0510
broad general education? SR 3.03 3.31 *** -.29
As an outcome of your college education, how important to you is acquiring job FY 3.59 3.69 -.16
11. urb0511
or work-related knowledge and skills? SR 3.60 3.77 ** -.25
a
* p<.05 ** p<.01 ***p<.001 (2-tailed).
b
Effect size = mean difference divided by comparison group standard deviation.
c
Response set is categorical. 11
NSSE 2005 Means Comparison Report
Urban Consortium Questions
University of Cincinnati
Freshmen N=211 Freshmen N=329
Seniors N=258 Seniors N=389
Male Female
2005 2005
Urban Consortium Questions Variable Class Mean Mean Sig a
Effect size b
As an outcome of your college education, how important to you is writing FY 3.21 3.51 *** -.37
12. urb0512
clearly and effectively? SR 3.42 3.60 ** -.24
As an outcome of your college education, how important to you is thinking FY 3.56 3.61 -.10
13. urb0513
critically and analytically? SR 3.67 3.71 -.06
As an outcome of your college education, how important to you is developing FY 3.43 3.45 -.03
14. urb0514
computer and information technology skills? SR 3.50 3.51 -.02
As an outcome of your college education, how important to you is working FY 3.54 3.67 -.18
15. urb0515
effectively with others? SR 3.48 3.63 * -.20
As an outcome of your college education, how important to you is developing FY 3.34 3.56 ** -.28
16. urb0516
your ability to make informed decisions as a citizen? SR 3.09 3.37 *** -.30
As an outcome of your college education, how important to you is FY 3.08 3.47 *** -.42
17. urb0517
understanding people of other racial and ethnic backgrounds? SR 2.83 3.33 *** -.49
How would you characterize the support you receive for going to college from FY 4.55 4.65 -.13
18. urb0518
your close friends and family?
SR 4.71 4.70 .02
If you take less than a full course load (less than 15 or 16 student credit hours FY
19. urb0519 c
per term), what is the most important reason for doing so? SR
What is your best estimate of your total current annual income (before taxes) or
FY 3.46 3.20 .16
20. the combined income of your parents if you are listed as a dependent on their urb0520
income taxes?
SR 3.45 3.03 ** .25
IPEDS: 201885
a
* p<.05 ** p<.01 ***p<.001 (2-tailed).
b
Effect size = mean difference divided by comparison group standard deviation.
c
Response set is categorical. 12
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