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Tool Box
(Tools/Instruments from the “Annual Review of Nursing Research” Volumes 1 – 27)
(The Websites can be used as a resource to obtain more information about the instrument/tool or it will be the actual
instrument/tool itself.)
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Condition-Specific Instrument – A 15-
item, self-administered questionnaire
24-Hour Migraine Quality of aimed at assessing the quality of life of
www.outcomes-
Life Questionnaire (24-hr- trust.org/instruments.htm migraine sufferers within a 24 hour
MQOLQ) (Santanello, n.d.) period after having taken migraine
medication and within the first 24 hours
of a migraine attack.
McCloskey,
Leadership in Nursing / Mentorship – A
Joanne Comi & http://www.tcnj.edu/~nursing/hb-
6-Dimensional Scale of 52-item, 6-factor scale to measure
Molen, Marilyn ug/02-03/27.html
Nursing Performance performance of nurses; Leadership
(Leadership in
(Schwirian, 1977, 1978, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ subscale has five items. (Well
Nursing);
1979) query constructed with good validity and
Vance & Olson
reliability.)
(Mentorship)
Special Populations – Adapted the
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ ASASH for use with Filipinio
A Short Acculturation Scale Hilfinger, M & query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Americans; measurement factors
Med&list_uids=10085858&dopt=Ab
for Filipino Americans Rubio, M. stract
included the psychometric soundness,
(ASASFA; De la Cruz, Padilla (Immigration & practical length, and lack of
and Agustin, 2000) Health) http://www.stanford.edu/group/ethn sociodemographics (generaltion, length
oger/filipino.html of residence, age at immigration, etc.)
of the ASASH.
Special Populations – A 12-item, 5-
point Likert scale measure that
evaluates the extent to which
respondents engage in behaviors
http://chipts.ucla.edu/assessment/A related to culture of origin or the host
Hilfinger, M & ssessment_Instruments/Assessme
A Short Acculturation Scale culture. This 12-item acculturation
Rubio, M. nt_files_new/assess_si.htm
for Hispanics (ASASH; Marin scale has been widely used in research
(Immigration &
et al., 1987) http://medicine.ucsf.edu/cadc/cores on Latinos. Acculturation, as measured
Health) /measurement/sashdescription.pdf by this scale, correlated highly with
respondents’ generation, length of
residence in the U.S., age at arrival,
ethnic self-identification, and with
another acculturation index.
Hearing Impairment – A standardized
Abbreviated Profile of hearing questionnaire to aid the clinician to
http://www.audiologyonline.com/arti
Aid Benefit (Cox & Alexander, cles/arc_disp.asp?id=236 determine the problems the patient is
1995) experiencing prior to and following the
hearing aid fitting.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 1
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Whall, Ann &
Loveland-
https://www.haworthpress.com/stor Family Unit-Focused Research: 1984-
Cherry, Carol
ABCX Model of Family Stress e/ArticleAbstract.asp?sid=RJEXPJ 1991 – Identifies factors affecting a
(Family Unit-
(Hill, 1958) KDL3DR8LLW2BH1E199GSVH315 family’s adjustment to a severe
Focused A&ID=16150
ongoing stressor.
Research/1984-
91)
http://www.dr-
Abnormal Involuntary bob.org/tips/aims.html
Fox, Jeanne
Movement Scale (AIMS) Chronic Mental Illness – Was used to
(Chronic Mental http://www.klis.com/chandler/pamp
(National Institute of Mental detect tardive dyskinetic movements.
Illness) hlet/bipolar/Abnormal%20Involuntar
Health, 1976)
y%20Movement%20Scale.htm
Humphreys J,
Parker B &
Abuse Assessment Scale
Campbell J http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rhs- Intimate Partner Violence Against
(AAA) (Parker & McFarlane,
(Intimate ssg/factshts/abuseprg_e.html Women – An abuse screening tool.
1991)
Partner
Violence)
Abuse Assessment Screen Annan, Sandra
http://www.nnvawi.org/assessment. Rural Health – Consists of questions to
(Parker & McFarlane, 1991; L. (Nsg. Res. to
htm determine the frequency, severity,
Soeken, K., McFarlane, J., Meet Hlth. Care
perpetrator, and body site of injury that
Parker, B., and Lominack, M., Needs of Rural http://www.nnvawi.org/abusescreen
occur within a stated period of time.
2003) Populations) .pdf
www.character.org/resources/asses Honesty Instrument – Designed to
Academic Attitudes and
sment/ assess the extent of cheating among
Behavior Questionnaire
college students and their attitudes
(Lickona, n.d.) www.cortland.edu
toward academic honesty.
Academic Attitudes Instrument –
Composed of seven subscales
assessing three types of intrinsic
www.character.org/resources/asses motivation (intrinsic motivation to know,
Academic Motivation Scale sment/
to accomplish things, and to
(Vallerand, et al., 1993)
www.uquebec.ca experience stimulation), three types of
extrinsic motivation (external,
introjected, and identified regulation,
and amotivation.
Family – The PSEQ is a 79-item Likert
scale that measures conflict in seven
Acceptance of Pregnancy developmental tasks of pregnancy:
Scale in the Prenatal Self- http://www.mcnjournal.com/ well-being of self and baby, acceptance
Lederman, R.
Evaluation Questionnaire http://gateway.ut.ovid.com/gw1/ovid of pregnancy, identification of a
(Family)
(PSEQ) (Lederman, 1984; web.cgi motherhood role, preparation for labor,
Lederman, et al., 1979) fear of helplessness and loss of control
in labor, relationship with her mother,
and relationship with her husband.
http://www-
psych.stanford.edu/~tsailab/Former
Measures.html
Special Populations – A 10-item scale
Hilfinger, M & http://www.mcnjournal.com/pt/re/mc that takes into account language
Acculturation Rating Scale for n/abstract.00005721-200201000-
Rubio, M. preferences, ethnic ientiy, music and
Mexican Americans (ARSMA; 00009.htm;jsessionid=DgSTg4ZJ3I
(Immigration & YavyGRR6r4vCGfABJxflvM5xGOV television viewing preferences, place
Cuellar et al., 1980)
Health) PDjluThhWP7wcBf!-85436088!- where reared, and contacts with
949856145!9001!-1 Mexico.
http://www.education.ucsb.edu/new
vistas/files/results9.pdf
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 2
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Health Promotion in Old Age – A 30-
item self-rating scale that provides two
subscale scores: The Anglo orientation
Subscale (AOS) and the Mexican
Orientation Scale (MOS). A score for
each is computed by summing the
Acculturation Rating Scale for
http://www.findarticles.com/p/article responses across the items in the scale
Mexican Americans II
s/mi_qa3919/is_200207/ai_n91207 and dividing by the number of items in
(ARSMA II) (Cuellar et. al, 04/pg_2 the scale. Subtracting the MOS score
1995)
from the AOS score yields a linear
acculturation score that translates into
one of five levels of acculturation
ranging from very Mexican oriented
(Level I) to assimilated into Anglo
culture (Level V).
Neuro-behavioral Effects of Childhood
Lead Exposure – Contains a list of
behavioral problems and
competencies, which are rated by
Krowchuk, Heidi
parents or parent surrogates. A three-
von Koss
point scale is used to rate items and
Achenbach Child Behavior (Neuro-
http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/ separate scales within each age group
Checklist (Achenbach, 1986, behavioral per_test.html#2 have been developed to assess such
1991) Effects of
factors as Schizoid or Anxious,
Childhood Lead
Depressed, Uncommunicative,
Exp)
Obsessive-Compulsive, Somatic
Complaints, Social Withdrawal,
Hyperactive, Aggressive, Delinquent,
Social Withdrawal, Sex Problems, etc.
Family Assessment – Behavior
Achenbach System of
checklist completed by teacher/parent
Empirically Based
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages and/or older child (self report) that
Assessment (ASEBA) /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html yields scores on scales including
(Achenbach & Rescorla,
somatic concerns, anxiety/depression,
2001)
attention, etc. (ages 6-18)
Rice, Virginia
Hill (Building the
ACS CPS I/II/III Surveys
State of the http://www.cancer.org/docroot/RES/ Tobacco – Developed in 1959 to
(American Cancer Society
Science/ content/RES_6_4x_Cancer_Preven evaluate factors and behaviors that
Cancer Prevention Study, tion_Study_CPS_I.asp
Monitoring the increased or decreased risk for cancer.
1959)
Tobacco
Epidemic)
Stember,
Marilyn
ACT www.act.org Nursing Education – Intelligence test.
(Curricular
Res.)
ACTG HIV Symptom Index Vulnerable Populations – A checklist
Portillo, CJ, et al
(Justice, et al., 2001; Justice, http://www.promotingexcellence.org that measures the intensity and
(HIV /i4a/pages/Index.cfm?pageID=3729
Raberneck, Hays, Wu, & bothersomeness of commonly
Symptoms)
Bozzette, 1999) occurring HIV symptoms.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 3
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease: Strategies to Improve
Functional Status – An instrument for
Actigraphy (Leidy, Abbott & Larson, Janet http://www.minimitter.com/Products counting and tracking movement over
Fedenko, 1997) (COPD) /Actiwatch/ time and may be a useful method for
objectively evaluating functional
performance and documenting
outcomes.
Acute Physiology and Critical Care Nursing – A
Chronic Health Evaluation physiologically based classification
(APACHE I) (Knaus, Draper, system and the most extensively tested
et al., 1982; Knaus, LeGall, et of all indices; the latter is based on
al., 1982; Knaus, Wagner & http://www.sfar.org/scores2/apache age, chronic health status, and 12
Dracup,
Draper, 1985; Knaus, 22.html physiological variables that reflect
Kathleen
Zimmerman, Wagner, Draper homeostasis. Scales provide important
(Critical Care http://www.aaic.net.au/default.asp?
& Lawrence, 1981; Scheffler, and unique insights concerning the
Nsg.) D=1996439
Knaus, Wagner & effectiveness of critical care and are
Zimmerman, 1982; Wagner useful in assuring that patients
et al., 1984; Wagner, Knaus randomly assigned to various treatment
& Draper, 1983) – Evolved to groups in medical or nursing studies
a simpler form APACHE II are inde3ed comparable.
Family Assessment – Behavior rating
scale measuring six areas of adaptive
Adaptive Behavior Inventory
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages or functional behavior. Primarily used
for Children (ABIC) (Mercer & /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html for suspected mental impairment in
Lewis, 1982)
conjunction with an intelligence test
(ages 5-12 years).
Burnes-Bolton, http://www.findarticles.com/p/article
L, Newman- s/mi_m0NNR/is_2_35/ai_10073617
5 Health Disparities – Determined the
Adequacy of Prenatal Care Giger, J &
number of visits and adequacy of
Index (APNCU) Georges, CA http://www.ajph.org/cgi/content/full/ prenatal care visits.
(Racial Barriers 92/12/1970
to Health Care)
Health Promotion – A 300-item
inventory of personality traits. The
Adjective Check List ( Gough http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/
per_test.html#47 respondent is to check off those that
& Heilbrun, 1965)
s/he feels apply to him/her – assesses
self-concept.
Fahs, Pamela
Stewart & Rural Health – Activity of daily living
Kalman, scale Clinical medicine Any of a
ADL Scale (Katz and Lawton, Melanie (Nsg. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activities number of instruments used to assess
2002) Res. to Meet _of_daily_living physical functions–eg, self-care,
Hlth. Care ambulation, food preparation,
Needs of Rural shopping, housekeeping, etc.
Populations)
http://libraries.uta.edu/helen/Test&
meas/AlphaKeyword/keyword%20I Stress – Measures to determine four
Administrative Stress Index ndex.htm stress factors: task-based stress, role-
(Gmelch & Swent, 1982) based stress, boundary-spanning
http://www.library.wwu.edu/ref/subj
stress, and conflict mediating stress.
guides/testing/education.html
Family – 79-item, 18 factor scale
Adolescent Coping Scale
http://www.wilderdom.com/tools/To designed to measure the frequency of
(ACS) (Frydenberg & Lewis, olsAdolescentCopingScale.html usage of a variety of coping strategies
1993)
typically used by adolescents.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 4
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Health Promotion – Adolescent life
Adolescent Life Change Pender, Nola http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ events weighted by themselves,
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Event Scale (Coddington, (Health Med&list_uids=7369013&dopt=Abs teachers, pediatricians, and mental
1972; Yeaworth, et al., 1980) Promotion) tract health workers – rated how ―upsetting‖
they felt the event to be.
Adolescent Pediatric Pain
Tool (Savedra, Tesler, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/
Holzemer & Ward, 1989; Hester, Nancy bv.fcgi?rid=hstat6.section.32536
Pain in Children – Simple tools for
Savedra, Tesler, Holzemer, (Pain in http://www.rcn.org.uk/publications/p measuring children’s pain.
Wilkie & Ward 1989; Children) df/guidelines/cpg_pain_assessment
Savedra, Holzemer, Tesler & _61_80.pdf
Wilkie, 1993)
Condition-Specific Instrument – A 32-
item disease-specific instruments for
Adult Asthma Quality of Life
www.outcomes- adults with asthma; four domains
Questionnaire (AQLQ) trust.org/instruments.htm measure activity limitations, emotional
(Juniper, n.d.)
function, exposure to environmental
stimuli, and symptoms.
Mathews, Mary
Beth & Travis, Research on the Baccalaureate
Adult Nowicki-Strickland
Lucille (Res. on http://www.aare.edu.au/03pap/dix0 Completion Process for RNs) – Scale
Internal-External Scale (ANS- 3778.pdf
Bacc. Compl. in which the higher the score, the more
IE) (Nowicki & Duke, 1974)
Process for external the subject’s locus of control.
RNs)
Giger, JN & Family Assessment / Vulnerable
Davidhizer, R http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages Populations – An attitude inventory
Adult-Adolescent Parenting
(Promoting /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html designed to assess the parenting and
Inventory (AAPI-2) (Bavolek
Culturally Appro child-rearing attitude of adults and
& Keene, 1999) www.icyf.msu.edu/family
Intev among adolescents. Provides an index of risk
Vuln Pops) for abusive and neglectful parenting.
Garvin, Bonnie Interpersonal Communication between
& Kennedy, Nurses and Patients – A media-
Affective Sensitivity Scale Carol based, multiple-choice test of one facet
(Schneider, Kagan & Werner, (Interpersonal www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ of human empathy. It is machine
1977) Communication scorable, has norms based on over
between Nurses 3,000 people and is likely to be useful
& Patients) in research on medical education
Used to identify affective
characteristics considered desirable for
Affective Work Competencies
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JV working people. (In ―Handbook of
Inventory (Kanzanas, 1978; ER/v28n3/azam.html#hill1995 Tests and Measurement in Education
Brauchle, et al., 1983)
and the Social Sciences,‖ by Lester &
Lloyd, 1997.)
Patient Focused, Family Centered
Care (newly validated) – Instrument
After-death Bereaved Family www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht tailored for quality improvement and
Member Interview m research efforts at 3 sites of care:
Hospice, Nursing Home, and Hospital
versions.
Family Assessment/Developmental –
Screens for developmental delays in
Ages & Stages Questionnaire
the first 5 years of life; covers 5
(ASQ) (Bricker & Squires, www.icyf.msu.edu/family-r.html
developmental areas: communication,
n.d.)
gross motor, fine motor, problem
solving, and personal-social.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 5
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
AHRQ-sponsored Hospital Patient Safety – Ability for hospitals
Clarke, S. (Org. www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/
Survey on Patient Safety and other healthcare facilities (as well
Culture &
Culture (Nieva & Sorra, 2003; as researchers) to compare facilities to
Culture Factors)
Sorra & Nieva, 2004) each other.
Murphy, Shirley http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
AIDS Beliefs and Behaviors
(Human query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Questionnaire (McKusick, Med&list_uids=3225127&dopt=Abs Human Responses to Catastrophe –
Responses to
1985) tract
Catastrophe)
Caregiver Well Being/Disease-Specific
– A 14-item self-administered scale
measuring two domains of emotional
AIDS Caregiver Scale www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
urden.htm experiences (satisfaction and stress) of
(Ferrari, et al., 1993)
healthcare workers and volunteers
providing social support to people with
AIDS.
Quality of Life and the Spectrum of HIV
Infection – Covers the following
Holzemer, dimensions: use of health services,
AIDS Health Assessment
William & http://www.popcouncil.org/horizons/ medications, symptoms and side
Questionnaire (Lubeck & aidsquest/appendix_d_part2.html
Wilson, Holly effects, work loss, disability, global
Fries, 1997)
(QOL & HIV) health, energy/fatigue, cognitive
functioning, social functioning, and
mental health.
Research on Alcohol Use – An
empirically derived self-report
Handley, SM & http://www.findarticles.com/p/article instrument used to assess anticipated
Ward-Smith, P s/mi_go1612/is_200305/ai_n86802 experiences associated with alchol
Alcohol Expectancy (Alcohol 80 use, such as sexual enhancement and
Questionnaire (AEQ) (Brown, Misuse, Abuse http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ social and physical pleasure. The
et al, 1980, 1987) & Addiction in query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub adolescent and adult forms of this
Young & Middle Med&list_uids=3669677&dopt=Abs instrument are designed to measure
Adulthood) tract the degree to which individuals expect
alcohol to produce a variety of general
and specific effects.
Alcohol Use Research and
Measurement Issues – The AUDIT
questionnaire was developed by the
Sawyer-
Alcohol Use Disorders WHO to identify persons whose alcohol
Sommers, M http://www.prodigy.nhs.uk/clinicalgu
Identification Test (Babor & consumption has become hazardous or
(Measurement idance/releasedguidance/webBrow
Grant, 1989; Allen et al., ser/pils/plaudit.htm harmful to their health. Best instrument
of Alcohol
1997) to use in clinical populations with a
Consumption)
range of alchol use, from sensible
drinking, to hazardous and harmful
drinking, to alcohol dependence.
Alcoholics Anonymous
Affiliation Scale (AAAS) Social Climate – A nine-item scale
www.chce.reserach.med.va.gov/
(Humphreys, Kaskutas & covering a range of AA experiences.
Weisner, n.d.)
Scale developed to measure alienation,
http://jonjayray.tripod.com/alirad.ht consisted of 3 major components –
ml powerlessness, normlessness, and
Alienation Scale (Dean,
http://www.garfield.library.upenn.ed social isolation. (In ―Handbook of Tests
1961)
u/classics1980/A1980KN32600001. and Measurement in Education and the
pdf Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 6
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Men in Nursing - Measures the relative
prominence of 6 basic interests or
Allport Study of Value Scale Christman,
http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/ motives in personality:
(Allport, Vernon & Lindzey, Luther (Men in per_test.html#45 1) Theoretical; 2) economic; 3)
1970) Nursing)
aesthetic; 4) social; 5) political; 6)
religious.
Struthers, R &
Nichols, L
(Utilization of
Intervention Approaches – Alternative
Alternative Medicine Complementary
http://www.cmf.org.uk/literature/con therapy questionnaire designed to
Checklist (Rowlands & & Alternative tent.asp?context=article&id=1199 determine use of alternative medicine
Powderly, 1991) Medicine
in the past year.
Among Racial &
Ethnic Minority
Pops)
www.character.org/resources/asses Prosocial/Altruistic Behavior – A 10-
Altruistic Behavior Scale
sment/ item scale for grades 3-5 that
(Developmental Studies
measures students self-reports of their
Center, 1993) www.devstu.org
own behaviors that helped others.
Alzheimer’s Disease – Is a
standardized assessment of cognitive
function and non-cognitive features.
Alzheimer’s Disease
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc The cognitive domains include
Assessment Scale (Rosen, et ales.htm components of memory, language and
al., 1984)
praxis, while the non-cognitive features
include mood state and behavioral
changes.
Alzheimer’s Disease – Used for
Alzheimer’s Disease
assessment of activities of daily living
Functional Assessment and http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
ales.htm in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Change Scale (ADFACS)
with particular reference to outcomes in
(Galasko, et al., 1997)
clinical trials.
Edwardson,
Nursing Workload Measurement
Sandra &
Systems – A factor evaluation
Ambulatory Care Client Giovannetti,
http://www.nursingleadership.net/N instrument for measuring nursing
Classification Instrument Phyllis (Nsg. L132/NL132APGaudine.html workload in ambulatory care. Consists
(ACCCI) (Verran, 1986) Workload
of 44 nursing activities grouped into six
Measurement
responsibility area.
Systems)
Esperat, M,
Inouye, J,
Gonzalez, E,
American International Owen, D &
http://www.multiculturalcenter.org/ai Special Populations – Multicultural
Relations Scale (Sodowsky, Feng, D (Health rs.cfm measure
2000) Disparities
Among Asian-
Am & Pacific
Islanders)
Problem At-Risk Behavior – A mass
screening instrument, completed by the
AML Behavior Rating Scale- www.character.org/resources/asses
sment/ teacher, for early systematic detection
Revised (Cowen, et al., 1996)
and treatment of young children at risk
of having school adaptation problems.
Hinshaw & Staff Turnover – Identified a potential
Anticipated Turnover Model
Atwood www.ncbi.nln.nih.gov/ for turnover: intent to stay, intent to
(Hinshaw & Atwood, 1982)
(Nursing Staff) leave, and anticipated turnover.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 7
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Multi-dimensional Construct consisting
of anger, guilt, anxiety, irritability,
Anticipatory Grief Scale www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/grief.ht
ml sadness, feelings of loss, and
(AGS) (Theirt, 1991)
decreased ability to function at usual
tasks.
Outgroup/Ethnocentric Attitudes –
Scale may be useful, with some
Anti-Semitism Scale (Adorno, www.character.org/resources/asses
sment/ modification, for measuring the impact
et al., 1969)
of some programs designed to affect
intercultural understanding.
McCain, Nancy
& Zeller, Janice
Anxiety Scale (Lewis, Firsich (Psychoneuro- http://www.neurotransmitter.net/anx Psychoneuroimmunological Studies IN
& Parsell, 1979) immunological ietyscales.html HIV Disease – Measure of anxiety.
Studies in HIV
Disease)
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 72-
item self-report measure designed to
Appraisal of Caregiving Scale
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb assess the caregiver’s perception of
(ACS) (Oberst, et al., 1989; urden.htm the intensity of care giving in five
Carey, et al., 1991)
dimensions (harm/loss, threat,
challenge, benefit, and benign).
Cartwright, Nursing Homes and Assisted Living
Area Resource File (HCFA http://www.cms.hhs.gov/physicians/
Juliana (Places pfs/ Facilities as Places for Dying – For
file)
for Dying) market attributes.
Special Populations – Used to
Esperat, M,
determine psychosocial functioning and
Inouye, J,
perceived social support. The Arizona
Gonzalez, E,
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ssw/pr Social Support Interview Schedule
Arizona Social Support Owen, D &
ojects/pmap/docs/lorenzo_assis.pdf provides an assessment of the
Interview Schedule (Barrera, Feng, D (Health
subject’s social network for the past 6
1980) Disparities
months. Five dimensions of social
Among Asian-
support can be examined; assistance
Am & Pacific
received, material aid, advice, positive
Islanders)
feed back and people to confide in.
Goeppinger, Interventions to Reduce the Impact of
Jean & Lorig, http://www.rheumatology.org/public Chronic Disease: Community-based
Arthritis Helplessness index
Kate ations/abbreviations/index.asp?aud Arthritis Patient Education – The
(Stein, et al., 1988) =prs
(Community- measurement of helplessness in
Based Pt. Ed.) rheumatoid arthritis.
Arthritis – AIMS is a prime example of
http://www.hopkins- an arthritis–specific HRQL instrument
arthritis.som.jhmi.edu/mngmnt/qol.h that has been developed. The AIMS
Arthritis Impact Measurement tml
Lambert, Vickie measures physical, social, and
Scale (AIMS) (Meenan,
(Arthritis) http://www.rheumatology.org/public emotional well–being along 9
Gertman & Mason, 1980)
ations/abbreviations/index.asp?aud dimensions including dexterity,
=prs mobility, pain, physical and social
activity, and depression and anxiety.
Bennett, Jill
Assessment of Functional (Maintaining & Maintaining and Improving Physical
Capacity (World Health Improving None found Function in Elders – Measure of
Organization, n.d.) Physical function.
Function)
ATI Testing (Assessment www.atitesting.com
Nursing Education – Knowledge and
Technology Institute) critical thinking testing.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 8
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Rice, Virginia
Hill (Building the
State of the http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/ Tobacco – Survey of
ATS (Adult Tobacco Survey
Science/ resources/publications/AAG/osh.ht noninstitutionalzied adults, 18 years
(CDC, 2002) m
Monitoring the and older with telephones.
Tobacco
Epidemic)
Pain/Specific Symptoms – A
questionnaire designed by the
ATS-DLD-78 Adult www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical American Thoracic Society that
Questionnaire (ATS, 1969) .htm assesses cough, phlegm, wheezing,
breathlessness, illness, and risk
factors.
McBride, Nursing & Parent Experience –
Attitude Scale, Likert-type Angela Baron Designed to examine the attitudes of
None found
(Boyd, 1981) (Nsg. & Parent fathers toward participation in infant
Exp.) caretaking activities.
Civic Attitudes Instrument – Contains
five scales used in the evaluation of
community service programs: Social
and Personal Responsibility scale
measuring sense of responsible
attitudes towards others; Semantic
Attitude Toward Community
www.character.org/resources/asses Differential measuring attitudes
Members (Conrad & Hedin, sment/ towards adult others and being active
1981)
in the community; Rosenberg Self
Esteem Scale measuring the self-
acceptance aspect of self-esteem; and
Janis-Fields Feeling of Inadequate
Scale measuring self-esteem tied to
social settings.
http://www- (In ―Handbook of Tests and
rohan.sdsu.edu/~mstover/tests/lest
Attitudes about Merit Pay Measurement in Education and the
er.html
(Weber, 1988) Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
http://www.library.wwu.edu/ref/subj 1997.)
guides/testing/education.html
Attitudes toward Health-
Nursing Centers – A 20-item scale with
Student Health Services Riesch, Susan
a 5-point Likert-type format designed to
Scale (Woog, et al., study (Nursing None found
measure satisfaction with personnel
cited in Kos & Rothberg, Centers)
and health care provided.
1981)
Outgroup/Ethnocentric Attitudes – A
Attitudes Toward Inclusive 16-item scale of teacher attitudes
www.character.org/resources/asses
Education Scale (Wilczenski, sment/ toward mainstreaming along four
1992) dimensions: physical, academic,
behavior, and social.
Sullivan,
Eleanor &
Attitudes Towards Nurse
Handley,
Impairment Inventory (Tolor & None found Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Nurses –
Sandra (Alcohol
Tamerin, 1975)
& Drug Abuse in
Nurses)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 9
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Designed and Tested for Principal
Assessment in Elementary, Middle and
Audit of Principal http://libraries.uta.edu/helen/test&m
Secondary Schools. Revised (In
Effectiveness (Valentine & eas/AlphaKeyword/Keyword%20AU
.htm ―Handbook of Tests and Measurement
Bowman, 1986, 1988)
in Education and the Social Sciences,‖
by Lester & Lloyd, 1997.)
Rural Health – Designed for use in
hospital-based emergency services
throughout Australia and New Zealand.
It is a scale for rating clinical urgency.
Although primarily a clinical tool for
ensuring that patients are seen in a
timely manner, commensurate with
Brown, Jennifer http://www.acem.org.au/media/polic their clinical urgency, the ATS is also a
Australasian Triage Scale (Hospital-based ies_and_guidelines/P06_Aust_Tria useful casemix measure. The scale
(Australasian College of Emergency ge_Scale_-_Nov_2000.pdf directly relates triage code with a range
Medicine, 1997) Nursing in Rural of outcome measures (inpatient length
Settings) of stay, ICU admission, mortality rate)
and resource consumption (staff time,
cost). It provides an opportunity for
analysis of a number of performance
parameters in the Emergency
Department (casemix, operational
efficiency, utilisation review, outcome
effectiveness and cost).
Autonomy Scale for the Male/female identity scale; includes
Conway, Mary
Omnibus Personality measures related to value placed on
(Socialization & www.auchicagolib.org/test.htm
Inventory (Heist & Yonge, research, leadership qualities,
Roles)
1968) autonomy, and self-esteem.
Porter, Cornelia Health Disparities – Questionnaire
& Barbee, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers. composed of three mini-client
Aversion Insidious Racism &
Evelyn (Health cfm?abstract_id=399680 situations (Black, Caucasian, Latino)
Ingroup Favorities (Greipp,
Disparities, that measured four dimentions for
1996)
Race & Racism, potential nurse bias: culture, age,
2004) gender, and overt behavior.
Parsons, L. http://www.leaonline.com/doi/abs/1
Claire & Kidd, 0.1207/S15324826AN0902_7;jsess
Babcock Story Recall Neurological Nursing Research – A
Pamela Stinson ionid=o-
(Babcock & Levy, 1940) rxYZUDbJNh?cookieSet=1&journal verbal memory measure
(Neuro. Nsg.
Code=an
Res.)
Baird Body Image Kim, Mi Ja Nursing Diagnosis – Used to diagnose
http://labs.pbrc.edu/healthpsycholo
Assessment Tool, BBIAT (Nsg. gy/tools.htm altered body image in immobilized
(Baird, 1985) Diagnosis) patients.
Caregiver Well Being/Disease-Specific
Bakas Caregiving Outcomes – A 10-item one-dimensional scale
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
Scale (BCOS) (Bakas & urden.htm developed to measure life changes as
Champion, 1999) a result of caregiving for stroke
survivors.
Garvin, Bonnie
& Kennedy, Interpersonal Communication between
Carol Nurses and Patients – Measure of
Bales Interaction Analysis http://www.csudh.edu/dearhaberma
(Interpersonal s/cnipa.htm leadership in face to face groups, i.e.,
(Bales, 1950)
Communication public health nurses and perinatal
between Nurses clients.
& Patients)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 10
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Garvin, Bonnie
& Kennedy,
Interpersonal Communication between
Carol
Barrett-Lennard Relationship Nurses and Patients – Scale to
(Interpersonal www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Inventory (Gurman, 1977) measure empathy, regard, and
Communication
congruence.
between Nurses
& Patients)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease: Strategies to Improve
Functional Status / Functional Status –
http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/sc
An ordinal scale that measures
ales/barthel.pdf functional independence in the
domains of personal care and mobility.
http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/sc It was designed to monitor
ales/barthel.html
Barthel Index (Mahoney & Larson, Janet performance in chronic patients and
Barthel, 1965) (COPD) http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache long-term hospital patients with
/2013659136.htm paralytic conditions before and after
treatment. The Barthel index of the
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/function.
activities of daily living (ADL) is a
htm
method of assessing and
communicating to other health
professionals the degree of disability in
a particular individual.
Pain/Specific Symptoms – A clinically
derived index of the severity of patient
Baseline Dyspnea Index www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical dyspnea based on functional
(Mahler, 1988) .htm impairment, magnitude of tasks that
result in dyspnea, and the degree of
effort that produces dyspnea.
Education for Critical Care Nursing – A
valid and reliable tool for assessing
knowledge in critical care nursing; it is
Basic Knowledge Kinney, http://www.findarticles.com/p/article a 90-item multiple choice and fill-in-the-
Assessment Tool (BKAT) Marguerite s/mi_m0NUB/is_1_12/ai_96695975
blank test that yields seven subscales:
(Toth, 1984; Toth & Richey, (Education for
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov cardiovascular, monitoring lines,
1982) CC Nursing)
pulmonary, neurology, endocrine,
renal, and nutrition combined with
miscellaneous content.
Generic Instrument – A 32-item self-
administered questionnaire developed
to assess outcomes of mental health
treatment for populations undergoing
inpatient psychiatric hospital care for a
www.outcomes-
Basis-32 (Eisen, n.d.) trust.org/instruments.htm wide range of disorders (can also be
used in outpatient populations). Five
domains measured are: psychosis,
daily living/role functioning skills,
relation to self/others, impulsive
addictive behavior, and depression.
Family Assessment/Developmental –
Assesses neurological processes
Bayley Neurodevelopmental www.icyf.msu.edu/screenng.html (reflexes, tone), neurodevelopmental
Screen (BINS) (The skills (movement, symmetry), and
Psychological Corp., n.d.) www.psychcorp.com developmental accomplishments
(object permanence, imitation, and
language) (3-24 months).
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 11
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Fleming,
Juanita
(Preschool
Children);
Preschool Children / Opiate Abuse in
Lindenberg,
Pregnancy Neuro-behavioral Effects of
Cathy & Keith,
Bayley Scales of Infant www.fpnotebook.com/PED47.htm Childhood Lead Exposure – Consists
Anne (Opiate
Development (Bayley, 1969, of three scales to diagnose
Abuse in www.dbpeds.org/aritcles/dbtesting
1972, 1993) developmental delay and plan
Pregnancy);
intervention strategies – mental, motor,
Krowchuk, Heidi
and behavior rating scales.
(Neuro-behav.
Effects of
Childhood
Lead)
Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms – A
Benoliel, 21-item self-administered instrument
Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h
Jeanne Quint tm which measures symptoms associated
(Beck, et al., 1988)
(Death & Dying) with anxiety and was used on patients
with cancer pain.
Benoliel,
Jeanne Quint
(Death & Emotional Symptoms – A widely used
Dying); www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/emotion. scale that measures severity of
Shishani, K., htm depression by evaluating 21
Beck Depression Sohn, M., symptoms.
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h
Index/Inventory (BDI) (Beck, Okada, A., & tm Tobacco – A series of questions
1961; Lichtman et al., 2008) Froelicher, E.S. developed to measure the intensity,
(Nrsg. http://www.minddisorders.com/A- severity, and depth of depression in
Interventions in Br/Beck-Depression-Inventory.html tobacco-dependent patients.
Tobacco-
Dependent
Patients)
Benoliel,
Jeanne Quint
(Death & Family Assessment / Psychoneuro-
Dying); immunological Studies in HIV Disease
Beck Depression Inventory II http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
McCain, N & /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html – A self-report personality inventory to
(BDI-II) (Beck, et all, 1996)
Zeller, J (Psy- screen for severity of depression in
choneuro- adults. (Replaces the BDI-I.)
immunological
Studies in HIV)
Bennett, Jill
Maintaining and Improving Physical
(Maintaining &
Function in Elders – Measures seven
Beck Dressing Performance Improving http://ninr.nih.gov/ninr/research/vol3
/Confusion.html distinct levels of caregiver assistance
Scale (Beck, 1988) Physical
for each of 45 separate steps of
Function in
dressing.
Elders)
Benoliel,
Jeanne Quint Family Assessment / Psychoneuro-
(Death & immunological Studies in HIV Disease
Beck Hopelessness Scale Dying); – A brief inventory to determine three
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
(Beck, Weissman, Lester & McCain, N & /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html aspects of hopelessness: feelings
Trexler, 1974; Beck, 1993) Zeller, J (Psy- about the future, loss of motivation and
choneuroim- expectations (measures pessimism);
munological self-administered, for ages 17 up.
Studies in HIV)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 12
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Research on the Baccalaureate
Completion Process for RNs) –
Mathews, Mary Instrument used to collect program
Beeman Educational Beth & Travis, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ information; included a demographic
Environment Measure for Lucille (Res. on query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub data section, five open-ended
Adult Nurses (BEEMAN) Bacc. Compl. Med&list_uids=2852227&dopt=Abs questions about choice of program and
tract
(Beeman, 1988) Process for satisfaction with program, and 73
RNs) attitudinal statements about various
facets of the baccalaureate educational
environment.
Alzheimer’s Disease – Is the original
BEHAVE-AD (Reisberg, et http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
ales.htm behavior rating scale in Alzheimer’s
al., 1987)
disease.
Behavior Assessment
Family Assessment – Evaluates
System for Children http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
/~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html behavior and self perception of children
(Reynolds & Kamphaus,
ages 4-18 years.
1992)
Multiple Character Trait – A 34-item
scale that measures students’
Behavior in School Inventory www.character.org/resources/asses behavioral adjustment to the school
(Youngman, 1979) sment/ environment. Instrument contains
three subscales: Studiousness,
Compliance, and Teacher Contact.
Family Assessment – Behavior
Behavior Problem Checklist- checklist completed by parent/teacher
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
Revised (quay & Peterson, /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html with 89 items and scales for conduct
1987) disorder, socialization-aggression,
attention problems, etc. (ages 6-20).
Behavior Rating Index for Problem At-Risk Behavior – A 13-item
www.character.org/resources/asses
Children (Stiffman, et al., sment/ measure of problem behaviors that
1984) rates children on a five-point scale.
www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/
Behavioral Activity Rating Designed to measure the degree of
briefing/3685b2_02_pfizer_appendi
Scale (BARS) x.pdf agitated behavior.
Hester, Nancy Pain in Children – Designed to assess
Behavioral Checklist (Abu- http://www.pediatricneurology.com/
(Pain in symptom.htm "social competence" and "behavior
Saad & Holzemer, 1981) problems" in children.
Children)
Fleming,
Juanita
Behavioral Observational Preschool Children / Pain in Children –
(Preschool
Tool (Hester, 1976, 1979; http://www.ptjournal.org/PTJournal/ Measured behavioral response during
Children) Jun2004/v84n6p560.cfm
McCaffery, 1972; Zborowski, a diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus
Hester, Nancy
1969) injection.
(Pain in
Children)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 13
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Vulnerable Populations / Rural Health –
The Behavioral Risk Factor
Villarruel, AM & Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the
Koniak-Griffin, world’s largest, on-going telephone
D health survey system, tracking health
(Advancing conditions and risk behaviors in the
Nrsg Sci in United States yearly since 1984.
Behavioral Risk Factor Vulnerable Conducted by the 50 state health
Surveillance System Pops) http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/
departments as well as those in the
(BRFSS) Survey (Hayes, et District of Columbia, Puerto Rico,
al, 2005) Bushy, Angeline Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands with
(conducting support from the CDC, BRFSS
Culturally provides state-specific information
competent about issues such as asthma, diabetes,
Rural Nursing health care access, alcohol use,
Research) hypertension, obesity, cancer
screening, nutrition and physical
activity, tobacco use, and more.
Fleming,
Behavioral Style http://www.anselm.edu/internet/psy
Juanita Preschool Children – Measure of
Questionnaire (McDevitt & ch/theses/2004/malone/StaceyMalo
(Preschool ne.html temperament in children age 4-1/2.
Carey, 1978)
Children)
Beliefs About Diabetes Scale Hamera, Edna http://www.med.umich.edu/mdrtc/su Diabetes Mellitus – Survey instrument
(Given, et al., 1983) (Diabetes) rvey/ for diabetic patients.
Men in Nursing – More precisely
Christman, http://www.w-lab.de/bsri.html measured androgynous characteristics
Bem Sex-Role Inventory
Luther (Men in http://www.mindgarden.com/produc by measuring the factors that permit
(Bem, 1982)
Nursing) ts/bemss.htm individuals to make better adaptations
to a wide range of social situations.
Neuro-behavioral Effects of Childhood
Lead Exposure – An individually
Krowchuk, Heidi administered, paper and pencil visual
vonKoss http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/ motor test that contains 9 geometric
Bender Visual Motor Gestalt
(Neuro- dev_test.html#11 figures drawn in black on 4x6 inch
Test (American
behavioral cards. The designs are presented one
Orthopsychiatric Association, http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
Effects of at a time, and the child is required to
1946) /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html
Childhood Lead copy the designs on a blank sheet of
Exp) paper. Age range: adults in clinical
populations and children in typical
populations.
Affective Cognitive Development
Berkeley Expressivity Scale www.character.org/resources/asses Instrument – A 16-item measure of
(Gross & John, 1997) sment/ individual differences in emotional
expressivity.
Berlin Rating Scale for
Assessing Psychomotor Algase, Donna http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Wandering in Dementia – Provides
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Restlessness (Gutzmann, (Wandering in Med&list_uids=9065963&dopt=Abs rankings of frequency and/or severity of
Kuhl, Kanowski & Khan- Dementia) tract wandering.
Boluki, 1997)
Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms –
This instrument allows an observer to
Bernese Coping Mode
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h rank behavioral, cognitive or emotion-
(BECOMO) (Heim, et al., tm oriented symptoms on a 5-point Likert
1993)
scale; has been used on breast cancer
patients.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 14
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Special Populations – Multivariate
http://lmri.ucsb.edu/events/98_conf/ scale measuring language use,
elliot.htm
preference and proficiency. The scale
Hilfinger, M &
Bicultural Involvement http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/gra was developed on Cuban-Americans; it
Rubio, M.
Questionnaire (Szapocznik, nts.php?show=82 has been reworded so that items reflect
(Immigration &
Kurtines & Fernandez, 1980) identification with Mexican-American
Health) http://www.ingentaconnect.com/con
tent/klu/ajcp/1998/00000026/00000 culture. The 33-item scale has two
003/00413406 subscales – one measuring
Americanism and one Hispanicism.
Special Populations – Multivariate
scale measuring language use,
http://hjb.sagepub.com/cgi/content/r preference and proficiency.
Hilfinger, M & efs/25/2/127 Acculturation measures intend to
Bidimensional Acculturation Rubio, M.
http://gwbweb.wustl.edu/cmhsr/mea capture the psychological, behavioral,
Scale (Marin & Gamba, 1996) (Immigration &
sure/categoryz.html and attitudinal changes that occur
Health)
when individuals and groups from
different cultures come into continuous
contact with each other.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query
Vance, Connie http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Biographical Data Inventory & Olson, query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Mentorship – A standard form for
(Just, 1989) Roberta Med&list_uids=1025089&dopt=Abs securing biographical data.
tract
(Mentorship)
http://www.brainbench.com/xml/bb/
business/consulting/candidate.xml
Nursing & Parent Experience –
Consists of three parts related to her
birth experience: I – the woman’s
physical and emotional reactions to the
Birth Experience vaginal birth experience, her previous
Questionnaire (BEQ) cesarean experience, her greatest
http://www.mcnjournal.com
(Fawcett, Tulman & Spedden, needs during birth, what could have
1994) been improved; II – what factors
influenced mother’s decision to have
vaginal delivery after cesarean birth;
and III – what she credits for her
successful birth outcome.
Menopause – Index used for analysis
of climactive complaints, measured the
Blatt Menopausal Index effects of estrogen and nonestrogenic
www.ccwu.edu/Thesis_Caico/disse
(Blatt, Weisbader & rtation.htm preparations. It represented a
Kupperman, 1953) numerical conversion of the severity of
the 11 most common menopausal
symptoms.
Struthers, R & Intervention Approaches – Food
Nichols, L frequency questionnaires are designed
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
(Utilization of query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub to capture individuals' usual dietary
Block Food Frequency Complementary Med&list_uids=9867258&dopt=Abs intake by asking respondents to report
Questionnaire (Block, 1995, & Alternative tract their frequency of consumption of a list
1998) Medicine of foods over a specific period of time
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/cont
Among Racial & ent/full/154/12/1103 and categorizing individuals on percent
Ethnic Minority energy from fat and carbohydrate
Pops) intakes.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 15
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Sullivan,
Body and Behavioral Alcohol and Drug Abuse – Developed
Eleanor &
Experience Inventory (BBEI) to measure the physiologic and
Handley, None Found
(Hoffman & Estes, 1986, psychological symptoms experienced
Sandra (Alcohol
1987) during early recovery.
& Drug Abuse)
Pain/Specific Symptoms – Scale that
Borg Rating of Dyspnea www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical
.htm utilizes magnitude estimation to assess
(Belman, 1991)
dyspnea.
Family Assessment – Provides a
Borgess Interaction systematic means of identifying
Assessment (MI Dept. of www.icyf.msu.edu/family-r.html newborns that may be at risk of parent-
Community Health, n.d.) infant relationship disturbances and
future infant mental health difficulties.
Esperat, M,
Inouye, J,
Gonzalez, E, Special Populations – An indicator of
Owen, D & http://www.phis.org.uk/doc.pl?file=p happiness or of general psychological
Bradburn’s Affect Balance df/What%20is%20wellbeing%202.d
Feng, D (Health oc wellbeing; these terms denote an
Scale (Bradburn, 1969)
Disparities individual’s ability to cope with the
Among Asian- stresses of everyday living.
Am & Pacific
Islanders)
Carlson,
Carolyn & King,
Rosemarie Prevention of Pressure Sores/Pressure
(Prevention of Ulcer Prevention and
Pressure Sores) Management/Patient Safety – Consists
of six subscales for the prediction for
Lyder, Courtney assessing risk of pressure sores:
Braden Scale for Predicting
(Pressure Ulcer sensory perception, skin moisture,
Pressure Sore Risk (Braden www.bradenscale.com
Prevention & physical activity, nutritional intake,
& Bergstrom, 1987)
Management) friction and shear, ability to change
body position; high scores indicate
Scott-Cawiezell, greater risk. The subscales reflect the
J. & potential amount and duration of
Vogelsmeier, A. pressure and pressure tolerance.
(Nsg. Home
Safety)
Cox, Kathleen,
Mahone, Irma, http://www.healthywomen.org/healt
& Merwin, htopics/breastcancer/testyourknowl Rural Health – Determines a person’s
Breast Cancer Knowledge edge
Elizabeth awareness or knowledge about breast
Test (2005)
(Improving http://www.universityhealth.org/113 cancer.
Quality of Rural 6.cfm
Nursing Care)
Millon-
Underwood, S,
Powe, B,
http://www.nih.gov/icd/od/ocpl/reso
Breast Cancer Risk Factors Canales, M, urces/OMBClearance/NCItoolSurve
Special Conditions – Questionnaire
Survey (Ford et al., 2002) Meade, C & Im, y.pdf related to breast cancer risk factors.
E (Ca in US
Ethnic & Racial
Minority Pops)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 16
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Cox, Kathleen,
Mahone, Irma, http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/gra Rural Health – A culturally-specific
& Merwin, nts/abstract.asp?ApplID=6377937
Breast Cancer Screening measurement to identify beliefs related
Elizabeth
Belief Scales ( http://www.umich.edu/~asianame/w to breast cancer and mammography
(Improving
ebabstract.htm screening.
Quality of Rural
Nursing Care)
Giger, JN & Vulnerable Populations – Ten items
Davidhizer, R were designed to measure BSE
Breast Self Examination (Promoting inspection and palpitation skills of
(Wood, 1999) Culturally Appro women demonstrating BSE on a
Intev among simulated breast model with seven
Vuln Pops) imbedded lumps.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Breast Self-Examination Pender, Nola Med&list_uids=12861325&dopt=Ab Health Promotion – Used to determine
Knowledge and Practice (Health stract which instructional method for breast
Inventory (Edwards, 1980) Promotion) self-examination was more effective.
http://www.hsc.wvu.edu/son/resear
ch/Leslieab3.asp
http://apha.confex.com/apha/129a
m/techprogram/paper_28887.htm
Breastfeeding Attrition Nursing & Parent Experience – A 52-
Prediction Tool (BAPT) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ item instrument on postpartum feeding
(Janke, 1994) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub patterns.
Med&list_uids=8152933&dopt=Abs
tract
Alzheimer’s Disease – Based on the
Brief Assessment Schedule; however,
Brief Assessment Schedule
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc because of the difficulties of questions
Depression Cards (Adshead, ales.htm being overheard on geriatric wards,
et al., 1992)
patients choose answers from a deck
of cards.
Multiple Character Trait – 40-item
measure of self-actualization measure;
consists of seven factors that reflect
the degree to which subjects exhibit
Brief Index of Self- characteristics of Maslow’s self-
www.character.org/resources/asses
Actualization (Sumerlin & sment/ actualized individual. Factors are Core
Bundrick, 1996) Self-Actualization, Jonah Complex,
Curiosity, Comfort with Solitude,
Openness to Experience, Democratic
Character, and Life Meaning and
Purpose.
Neurological Nursing Research –
Instrument was intended to identify: a)
early in hospitalization, symptoms that
could relate to neuropsychological
evaluation three months post-head
Parsons, L. injury; b) an early need for speech
Brief Neuropsychological
Claire & Kidd, therapy; and c) a patient’s cognitive
Mental Status Examination http://www.pearsonassessments.co
Pamela Stinson m/tests/bnce.htm status, in order to anticipate patients
(Turner, Kreutzer, Lent &
(Neuro. Nsg. with high risk of personal injury and
Brockett, 1984)
Res.) potential learning disabilities. Contains
items focused on concentration,
sustained attention, orientation, insight,
right-left orientation, receptive/
expressive language functions, verbal
memory and arithmetic reasoning.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 17
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Pain – An assessment tool for cancer
patients; measures the intensity of pain
Brief Pain Inventory www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical
.htm and interference of pain in the patient’s
(Cleeland, 1994)
life, and has been used as an outcome
measure in advanced cancer patients.
Schizophrenia / Alzheimer’s Disease –
http://www.nelmh.org/downloads/ot The BPRS is probably the most widely
her_info/brief_psychiatric_rating_sc used rating scale in psychiatry. It
ale_form.pdf comprises 16 items rated from 0 (not
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale Fox, Jeanne & present) to 6 (extremely severe) and
http://www.brainexplorer.org/factsh
(BPRS) (Overall & Gorham, Kane, Catherine eets/Psychiatry%20Rating%20Scal includes symptoms such as somatic
1962) (Schizophrenia) es.pdf concern, anxiety, depressive mood,
hostility and hallucinations. The scale
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc was developed essentially for
ales.htm
schizophrenia states but also includes
symptoms of depression.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/
bv.fcgi?rid=hstat5.table.62275
Krulewitch, C http://adai.washington.edu/instrume Research on Alcohol Use – The BSCQ
(Alcohol nts/ is a state dependent measure that
Brief Situational Confidence
Consumption assesses self-confidence to resist the
Questionnaire (1988) http://www.utexas.edu/research/cs
During urge to drink heavily or use drugs in a
wr/nida/instrumentListing.html
Pregnancy) variety of situations.
http://www.nova.edu/gsc/online_file
s.html
Self-Esteem – The 5-item measure is
Brief Social Desirability Scale intended to be used as a control
www.character.org/resources/asses
(Hays, Hayashi & Stewart, sment/ variable for self-report measures to
1989) control for subjects’ tendency to
respond in a socially desirable way.
Holzemer, Family Assessment/Emotional &
William & Cognitive Symptoms / Quality of Life
Wilson, Holly and the Spectrum of HIV Infection /
(QOL & HIV); Psychoneuroimmunological Studies in
McCain, N & HIV Disease / Vulnerable Populations –
Zeller, J (Psy- A 53-item self-report symptom
choneuro- www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h inventory designed to reflect the
tm
immunological psychological symptom patterns of
Brief Symptom Inventory & Studies in HIV); http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages psychiatric and medical patients as well
18 Severity Index (Derogatis Portillo, CJ, et al /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html as community nonpatient respondents.
& Melisaratos, 1983) (HIV It has been used in a study that looked
http://psychcorp.pearsonassessme
Symptoms); nts.com/HAIWEB/Cultures/en- at the barriers to pain management in
Cooley, M.E., us/Productdetail.htm?Pid=PAg110 ambulatory AIDS patients.
Lundin, R., & Tobacco – Gathers patient-reported
Murray, L. data to help measure psychological
(Smoking distress and psychiatric disorders in
Cessation medical and community populations as
Interventions in related to smoking cessation
Cancer Care) outcomes.
Brief Symptom Inventory- Portillo, CJ, et al Vulnerable Populations – Rates
http://www.pearsonassessments.co
Depression Scale (HIV m/tests/bsi.htm depressive symptoms in HIV/AIDS
(Moneyham, et al, 2000) Symptoms) patients.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 18
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Family Assessment/Developmental –
Performance-based test taps the areas
www.icyf.msu.edu/screenng.html of speech-language, motor, readiness,
BRIGANCE Screens and general knowledge among
www.curriculumassociates.com younger children; also addresses skills
in reading and math in older children
(21-90 months).
Alzheimer’s Disease – Was designed
Bristol Activities of Daily
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc specifically for use in patients with
Living Scale (Bucks, et al., ales.htm dementia. Scale assesses 20 daily
1996)
living abilities.
Neuro-behavioral Effects of Childhood
Krowchuk, Heidi Lead Exposure – The BAS-II is
vonKoss organized so that at each age, scales
British Ability Scale (Elliott, (Neuro- are clearly divided into core and
http://www.nzcer.org.nz/pdfs/childre
Colin; Murray, David J.; behavioral ngeneralability.pdf diagnostic, with core scales
Pearson, Lea S., 1985) Effects of contributing to a general ability score
Childhood Lead (GCA). There are also three
Exp) achievement scales (basic number
skills, spelling, and word reading).
Nursing & Parent Experience –
Requires mother to rate the average
McBride, baby and her own baby on six criteria
Broussard’s Neonatal
Angela Barron http://libraries/uta.edu/helen/test&m to determine if a relationship exists
Perception Inventories eas/
(Nsg. & Parent between structured, informative in-
(Broussard & Hartner, 1970)
Exp.) home teaching concerning infant
behavior and primiparous mothers'
perceptions of their newborn.
Family Assessment – Measures
Brown Attention-Deficit
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages symptoms of Attention-Deficit
Disorder Scales (Brown, /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html Disorders (ADD) in adolescents (12-18)
1996)
and adults.
Bull, Margaret
Burden Depression Scale http://www.library.adelaide.edu.au/g Interventions for Women as Family
(Interventions
(Yesavage) uide/med/menthealth/scaleslist.html Caregivers –
for Caregivers)
Caregiver Well Being/General /
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb Caregiver and Family Burden –
urden.htm Correlates with family visits. A 29-item
Burden Interview (BI) (Zarit,
interviewer-administered questionnaire
1980; 1981) www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/caregive designed to assess the degree of
.htm
burden felt by caregivers of older
people with senile dementia.
Caregiver and Family Burden –
Burden Scale (Schott-Baer, www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/caregive
.htm Measures subjective burden by
1995)
caregiver.
Bureaucratic and (In ―Handbook of Tests and
Professional Orientation http://www.library.wwu.edu/ref/subj Measurement in Education and the
Scales, Form B-P (Corwin, guides/testing/education.html Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1963) 1997.)
Pender, Nola
Byrd Health Attitude Scale http://www.psychology.adelaide.ed Health Promotion – Measures health
(Health u.au/research/tests/Bsection.html
(Byrd, 1941) attitudes for ages 13+ years.
Promotion)
Maas, Meridean http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Alzheimer’s Disease – A self-
& Buckwalter, query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub assessment tool that measures
CADET (Rameizl, 1983) Med&list_uids=6557987&dopt=Abs
Kathleen communication, ambulation, daily
tract
(Alzheimer’s) activity, elimination, and transfer.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 19
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Krulewitch, C
(Alcohol
Consumption http://www.carolinashealthcare.org/
Research on Alcohol Use – The CAGE
During services/behavioral/tests/cage.cfm
screening test is used to screen for
Pregnancy);
CAGE (Carolinas Health http://www.projectcork.org/clinical_t alcohol use problems in adults.
Boyd, CJ, ools/html/T-ACE.html
Care System, n.d.) However, it cannot be used to
McCabe, SE &
diagnose the disease. It only suggests
Morales, M http://www2.uchsc.edu/pharm/arc_
misc/cage.asp that the disease may be present.
(College
Students’
Alcohol Use)
California Achievement Test Schwirian, Nursing Education – Standardized
(Michael, et al., 1966; Patricia (Nrsg. www.familylearning.org/tests measure of cognitive ability and
Michael, et al., 1971) Student Res.) functioning.
F (Fascism) Scale – Used in some 60-
odd studies; the scale has been used
in studies of prejudice, leadership,
rigidity, adjustment, and group
Conway, Mary behavior, among others. Furthermore,
California F Scale (Adams, http://home.iprimus.com.au/burgess
(Socialization & 1/titush.html the F scale has been found to correlate
1950)
Roles) with intelligence, xenophobia, family
ideology, anxiety, re-enlistment intent,
and cooperation in experimentation, to
name but a few of the multitude of
variables to which it has been related.
Nurse-Midwifery Education / Research
on the Baccalaureate Completion
Process for RNs) / Leadership –
Designed to evaluate interpersonal
behavior and social interaction within
normal individuals, and used to
Andrews, Claire examine leadership potential in
& Davis, Carol graduate students. Personality traits
(Nurse- that distinguished leaders from
Midwifery Ed.); nonleaders were: dominance,
Matthews, MB & aggressiveness, ambition, high
Travis, L (Res. http://www.cps.nova.edu/~cpphelp/ capacity to attain status, poise, self-
California Psychological CPI.html
on Bacc. confidence, tolerance for others’ views,
Inventory (CPI) (Gough,
Compl. Process http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages high need to achieve, a well-ordered
1957; Megargee, 1972)
for RNs); /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html mind, sensitivity to others’ needs, and
McCloskey, flexibility.
Joanne Comi & In Family Assessment – A 480-item,
Molen, Marilyn self-report personality inventory
(Leadership in designed to measure personality
Nursing) dimensions such as dominance,
sociability, self-acceptance,
responsibility, socialization, self-control,
achievement via conformance
achievement via independence and
femininity (for ages 13-70). One of the
best personality inventories.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 20
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease: Strategies to Improve
Functional Status – An instrument for
Calimetry (Leidy, Abbott & Larson, Janet http://www.bioinnovationsa.com.au/
aib_labs/keyword_list.php tracking caloric expenditure and may
Fedenko, 1997) (COPD)
be a useful method for objectively
evaluating functional performance and
documenting outcomes.
Socialization and Roles – Used to
Calkin Activity Inventory Conway, Mary
evaluate the relationship between
(Note 10) (Brief, VanSell, (Socialization & None found
anticipatory socialization and role
Aldag, & Melone, 1979) Roles)
stress.
Alzheimer’s Disease – A structured
instrument made up of 8 sections; the
Cambridge Mental Disorders
resulting information provides a formal
of the Elderly Examination http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
ales.htm diagnosis in a number of categories:
(CAMDEX) (Roth, et al.,
four types of dementia, delirium,
1986)
depression, anxiety, paranoid disorder,
and other psychiatric disorders.
Family Assessment – A survey of self-
reported interests and skills; designed
Campbell Interest and Skill
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages to help individuals understand how
Survey (CISS) (Campbell, /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html their interests and skills map into the
Hyne & Nilsen, 1992)
occupational world, thereby helping
them make better career choices.
Satisfaction – A 60-item scale which
measures technical competence,
Cancer Patient Satisfaction www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/satisfied communication skills, interpersonal
with Care (Wiggers, 1990) .htm skills, accessibility of care, continuity of
care, non-medical care, finances,
family care, and hospital/clinic care.
Pain/Combined Assessment/Quality of
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical Life – A 59-item scale that measures
Cancer Rehabilitation .htm rehabilitation and quality of life in
Evaluation System (CARES- patients with cancer. This has been
SF) (Schag, 1991) www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality. modified to the HIV Overview of
htm
Problems Evaluation Systems
(HOPES, Schag, 1992)
Esperat, M,
Inouye, J,
Special Populations – A measurement
Gonzalez, E,
technique that asks people to rate their
Owen, D &
Cantril’s Self-Anchoring present, past, and anticipated future
Feng, D (Health http://www.atsqol.org/cantrils.asp
Ladder (Cantril, 1965) satisfaction with life on a scale
Disparities
anchored by their own identified
Among Asian-
values.
Am & Pacific
Islanders)
Smoking Cessation: Research on
Relapse Crises – Measure of CO in the
Carbon Monoxide
www.ctri.wis.edu/Researchers/ breath (using a Bedfont Smokerlyzer)
Assessment
to verify participant smoking status and
estimate their smoking heaviness.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 21
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Nurse-Midwifery Care – Cardiff Count-
to-Ten Chart is usually used throughout
the day over a 12 hour period instead
of at a set time over 1-2 hours. It is a
simple and effective way of assessing
the health of the fetus during the late
third trimester. The observation should
be done at approximately the same
Thompson,
Cardiff ―Count to 10‖ Fetal www.midwife.org time each day, preferably when the
Joyce – Nurse- www.jmwh.org
Movement Chart (Fischer, et www.transitionsdoula.com/pregnan baby is usually very active or after
Midwifery Care
al., 1981) cy/ mom has had a meal or snack. The
(1925-84)
mother notes the starting time and
begins counting fetal movements (rolls,
kicks, punches, turns), excluding
hiccups, and continues counting until
10 movements are noted. If 10
movements haven't been recorded
within 2 hours, you should contact your
midwife or doctor.
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 31-
Care Work Impact Appraisals www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb item questionnaire measuring both
(Orbel, et al., 1993) urden.htm positive and negative aspects of
caregiving for an elderly person.
Family Assessment – The inventory
Career Beliefs Inventory http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
/~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html consists of 96 items answered on a
(Krumboltz, 1999)
five-point rating scale.
Mentorship – Instrument rated factors
Vance, Connie
that most facilitated their career
Career Success Survey & Olson,
None found success (i.e., personal characteristics,
(Zimmerman, 1983) Roberta
educational preparation, and significant
(Mentorship)
others or mentors).
Caregiver Well Being/Disease-Specific
– A self-administered tool measuring
time spent caregiving for a person with
Alzheimer’s disease. Instrument
Caregiver Activity Survey www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
urden.htm includes six areas of caregiving
(CAS) (Davis, et al., 1997)
activities (communicating with the
person, using transportation, dressing,
eating, looking after one’s appearance,
and supervising the person).
Caregiver and Family Burden –
Caregiver Burden (Stull, www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/caregive Includes both subjective and objective
1994) .htm measures of burden (physical strain,
social constraints, and financial strain).
Caregiver Well Being/General – A
structured, telephone interview that
measures care receiver need,
caregiver well-being, caregiver burden,
Caregiver Burden and and outcomes of caregiving for elderly
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
Generic Well-Being (Stull, et urden.htm people living in the community. The
al., 1994) domains for burden (physical strain,
social constraints, financial strain) are
parallel to those for generic well-being
(physical health, social activities,
income).
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 22
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Caregiver and Family Burden – A 24-
item scale designed to assess the
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/caregive experience of caregivers of cognitively
.htm
Caregiver Burden Inventory impaired older people (includes five
(CBI) (Novak & Guest, 1989) www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb domains of burden: Time dependence,
urden.htm Developmental Behavior, Physical
burden, Social burden, and Emotional
burden).
Caregiver and Family Burden – Used
to predict unmet needs among patients
Caregiver Burden Measures www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/caregive so that social workers, discharge
(Siegel, 1991) .htm planners, nurses and physicians can
easily identify patients who will need
professional interventions.
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 22-
item questionnaire to measure the
Caregiver Burden Scale (CB) www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb subjective burden of caregivers in five
Elmstahl, et al., 1996) urden.htm domains (general strain, isolation,
disappointment, emotional
involvement, and environment).
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 10-
item self-report scale measuring
caregiver demand, i.e., the time and
energy required for caregiving tasks.
Caregiving tasks include
Caregiver Load Scale (CLS) www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
urden.htm medical/nursing treatments, personal
(Oberst, et al., 1989)
care, assistance with mobility,
emotional support, monitoring and
reporting, providing transportation,
managing illness-related finances, and
managing behavior problems.
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 22-
item scale that measures the extent to
Caregiver Perceived Burden which caregivers perceive the changes
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
Scale (CPB) (Strawbridge urden.htm resulting from caregiving as
and Wallhagen, 1991) problematic (including items relating to
activity changes, emotional factors, and
physical changes).
Caregiver Well Being/General/
Research in Chronic Illness – A 24-
item instrument designed to measure
Caregiver Reaction Pasacreta, J. & the reactions of family members to
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
Assessment (CRA) (Given, et McCorkle, R. urden.htm caring for elderly relatives with a variety
al., 1992) (Chronic Illness) of illnesses (includes caregiver’s
esteem, lack of family support, impact
on finances, impact on schedule, and
impact on health).
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 14-
item interview-format measure of
caregiver’s self-efficacy (i.e., judgments
regarding one’s ability to perform
Caregiver Self-Efficacy www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
urden.htm effectively in specific situations).
(Zeiss, et al., 1999)
Comprised of two subscales –
Caregiver Self-Care Self-Efficacy and
Caregiver Problem-Solving Self-
Efficacy.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 23
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 19-
item scale designed to measure the
extent to which specific aspects of
Caregiver Social Impact
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb family life were altered as a result of
Scale (Poulshock & Deimling, urden.htm caregiving for a frail elderly family
1984)
member (includes negative changes in
relationships and restrictions in
activities).
Caregiver and Family Burden –
Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/caregive
.htm Measures psychological distress and
(Robinson, 1983)
health of the caregiver.
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/con
Quality of Life and Caregiving in
tent/nasw/hsw/2000/00000025/000 Technological Home Care – Measures
Smith, Carol
Caregiver Well-Being Scale 00004/art00004 caregiver well-being from a strengths-
(Technological
(Wegener & Aday, 1989) based perspective by assessing
Home Care) http://www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/f
caregivers' basic human needs and
amilyburden.htm
satisfaction with activities of daily living.
Caregiver Well Being/Disease-Specific
– A series of 15 scales based on a
conceptual model of Alzheimer’s
caregivers’ stress. Scale topics include
primary stressors (cognitive status,
problematic behavior, overload,
relational deprivation), secondary role
Caregivers’ Stress Scales www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
urden.htm strains (family conflict, job-caregiving
(Pearlin, et al., 1990)
conflict, economic strains), secondary
instrapsychic strains (role captivity, loss
of self, caregiving competence,
personal gain) and mediators
(management of situation,
management of meaning, management
of distress, expressive support).
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 21-
item instrument designed to measure
the positive, neutral, and negative
Caregiving Appraisal Scale www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
urden.htm appraisals that caregivers attach to
(CAS) (Lawton, et al., 1989)
caregiving (subjective caregiving
burden, perceived impact of caregiving,
and caregiving satisfaction).
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 28-
item version of Lawton’s Caregiving
Appraisal Scale that includes the
Caregiving Appraisal Scale,
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb original scale’s three dimensions plus a
Modified (Hughes and urden.htm fourth dimension – mastery (i.e.,
Caliandro, 1996)
competence in caregiving). Modified
version is tailored for caregivers of
children with HIV/AIDS.
Caregiver Well Being/Disease-Specific
– A 13-item scale that evaluates
distress related directly to caregiving
Caregiving Burden Scale
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb for elderly patients with Alzheimer’s
(Gerritsen & van der Ende, urden.htm Disease, dementia or other
1994)
psychological conditions. Instrument
contains two dimensions (relationship
and personal consequences).
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 24
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Caregiver Well Being/Disease-Specific
– A 110-item scale that measures the
appraisal of caregiving events by
caregivers of people with dementia.
Caregiving Hassles and
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb The instrument assesses whether an
Uplifts Scale (Kinney & urden.htm event happened in the past week of
Stephens, 1989)
caregiving, the extent to which the
event was a hassle for the caregiver,
and the extent to which the event was
an uplift for the caregiver.
Caregiver Well Being/Disease-Specific
– A 42-item instrument measuring daily
stressors for caregivers of people with
Caregiving Hassles Scale www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb dementia; includes five subscales
(Kinney & Stephens, 1989) urden.htm (hassles with ADLs, with IADLs, with
care-recipient’s cognitive status, with
care-recipient’s behavior, and with
caregiver’s support network).
Caregiver Well Being/General – An 8-
item scale measuring the caregiver’s
perceptions of negative consequences
of caregiving for a chronically ill or
Caregiving Indices (Bass and www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb disabled elderly person; include three
Bowman, 1990) urden.htm indicators of caregiving consequences
– appraisal of the difficulty of
caregiving, negative consequences of
caregiving for the caregiver and for the
family.
Caregiver Well Being/Disease-Specific
Caregiving Self-Efficacy www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb – A 58-item scale designed to measure
Scale (CSS) (Denney, 1994) urden.htm perceived self-efficacy among
caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s.
Non-traditional Nursing Education – 20-
Cattell Culture-fair Lenburg, Carrie
question test designed to test IQ while
Intelligence Test (Cattell, (Non-traditional www.personality.org
minimizing cultural and educational
1961) Nsg. Ed.)
biases.
Cattell’s 16-Personality Lenburg, Carrie Non-traditional Nursing Education –
Factor Questionnaire (Cattell, (Non-traditional www.personality.org Measures 16 personality factors that
1949-78) Nsg. Ed.) correlate with creativity.
Krueger, Janelle
(Nursing Care
Census Data www.census.gov/ National Census figures.
Delivery
Systems)
Esperat, M,
Inouye, J,
Gonzalez, E,
Center for Epidemiologic Owen, D & Special Populations – This is a short,
http://www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/ce
Scale on Depression Feng, D (Health sdscale.pdf self-reporting scale intended for the
(Radloff, 1977) Disparities general population.
Among Asian-
Am & Pacific
Islanders)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 25
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Given, Barbara
(Health
Promotion for Health Promotion for Family Caregivers
Caregivers); http://www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/ce of Chronically Ill Patients / Psycho-
McCain, Nancy sdscale.pdf neuroimmunological Studies in HIV
& Zeller, Janice Disease / Alzheimer’s Disease /
(Psychoneuro- http://patienteducation.stanford.edu Emotional and Cognitive Symptoms/
/research/cesd10.pdf
immunological Research in Chronic Illness / Rural
Studies in HIV http://www.musc.edu/dfm/RCMAR/ Health – A self-administered, 20-item,
Disease) CESD.html 4-point Likert scale was developed for
Center for Epidemiologic use in studies of the epidemiology of
http://idacc.healthbase.info/questio
Studies – Depression Scale Pasacreta, J. & nnaires.html#1001742 depressive symptomatology in the
(CES-D) (Radloff, 1977) McCorkle, R. general population. Items were
(Chronic Illness) http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc selected from previously validated
ales.htm scales and cover the major
Fahs, Pamela www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h components of depressive
Stewart & tm symptamotology. The scale is not
Kalman, intended for a clinical diagnosis of
Melanie (Nsg. www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/emotion. depression. The instrument has been
htm
Res. to Meet found to be particularly useful in older
Hlth. Care people.
Needs of Rural
Populations)
Classroom/School Climate Instruments
– In three versions (for children,
parents, and school staff), consists of
26 statements about school on a 3- or
www.character.org/resources/asses 5-point Likert-type scale) with
Character Development sment/ additional items for parents and staff
Survey (Johns, 1997) that measure home/school
www.usoe.k12.ut.us
relationships. The survey is designed
to measure kindness/caring,
respect/responsibility, fairness/honesty,
and school expectations regarding
behavior.
Character Education Program Quality Assessment – A self-
Components Checklist www.character.org/resources/asses assessment instrument designed to
(School for Ethical Education, sment/ assist schools in the evaluation of their
1997) character education programs.
Moral Reasoning/Values – Instruments:
1) A 5-item, 3-point scale measure of
student attitudes toward the Character
Character Education Test www.character.org/resources/asses Education Program curriculum; and 2)
(Greenberg & Fain, 1981) sment/ A 10-item, 5-point Likert scale measure
of teachers’ use of and attitude toward
the Character Education Program
curriculum.
Cheating Behaviors Honesty Instrument – Measures
www.character.org/resources/asses
Questionnaire (Genereuz & sment/ college students’ beliefs and behaviors
McLeod, 1995) associated with cheating.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 26
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Chronic Mental Illness – Persons
whose emotional or behavioral
Fox, Jeanne http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/mh- functioning is so impaired as to
Checklist for Chronic Mental
(Chronic Mental sm/mentalhealth/pubs/quality_of_lif interfere grossly with their capacity to
Illness Determination (1979) e/chapter5.htm
Illness) remain in the community without
supportive treatment or services of a
long-term or indefinite duration.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Pain in Older Adults – A dementia-
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub specific adaptation of the University of
Med&list_uids=11706452&dopt=Ab Alabama Birmingham Pain Behavior
Miller, Lori & stract
Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Scale and has face validity and good
Talerico, Karen
Indicators (CNPI) (Feldt, http://www.cityofhope.org/prc/Revie reliability. It was designed to measure
(Pain in Older
2000) w%20of%20Tools%20for%20Pain pain behaviors in cognitively impaired
Adults)
%20Assessment/Review%20of%20 elders. Instrument testing was
Tools%202004/CNPI/CNPI_Indepth conducted on a population of elderly
.pdf
patients with hip fractures.
Childhood and Adolescent
Opie, Nancy Bereavement/Research in Chronic
(Childhood & Illness – It is a questionnaire completed
Adolescent by one of the participant's parents to
Bereavement); http://vinst.umdnj.edu/VAID/TestRe study the behavior of normal and
Child Behavior Checklist Austin, Joan & port.asp?Code=MCBCP clinical children. The MCBC-P consists
(Achenbach & Edelbrock, Dunn, David of 77 items distributed among seven
1979, 1983, 1991) (Chronic http://secc.rti.org/display.cfm?t=m&i scales: Aggression, Inhibition, Activity
=Chapter_29_10
Illness); Grey, Level, Somatization, Prosocial,
Margaret Depression, and Sleep Disturbance.
(Diabetes Also used with children with
Intervention) epilepsy or asthma to rate their
children’s behavior.
Hester, Nancy
Child Behavior Observation http://cps.nova.edu/~cpphelp/CBCL
(Pain in .html Pain in Children –
Tool (adapted Broome, 1985)
Children)
Problem At-Risk Behavior – Was
Child Behavior Scale (Ladd & www.character.org/resources/asses developed to identify child behaviors
Profile, 1996) sment/ that might indicate a need for
intervention.
Shiao, Shyang- Nursing Research in Taiwan – Five-
Child Coping Behavior Scale Yun & Chao, None found
item scale, developed to assess the
(CCBS) (Shiau, 1991) Yu-Mai (Nursing 30-month-old child’s behavior in the
Res. in Taiwan) context of a moderate-stress situation.
Childhood and Adolescent
Bereavement – Was used to measure
emotional distress, grief patterns and
behavior of child subjects. It is a 27-
item self-rated symptom-oriented scale
Opie, Nancy designed for school-aged children and
Child Depression Inventory (Childhood & http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/ adolescents. It requires the lowest
(Kovacs & Beck, 1977) Adolescent alpha.html reading level of any measure of
Bereavement) depression for children. The
instrument quantifies a range of
depressive symptoms including
disturbed mood, hedonic capacity,
vegetative functions, self-evaluation
and interpersonal behaviors.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 27
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Family Assessment/Developmental –
Screens children’s development in
Child Developmental
www.icyf.msu.edu/screenng.html major developmental areas by parent
Inventories
report of child’s behavior (3-72
months).
Children’s Psychological Responses to
Vessey, Judith
Child Drawing: Hospital http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Hospitalization – An instrument that
(Children’s query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
(Clatworthy, Simon & Med&list_uids=10063243&dopt=Ab uses projective drawings to measure
Responses to
Tiedeman, 1999) stract children’s emotional status throughout
Hospitalization)
hospitalization.
Generic Instrument – A generic self-
Child Health and Illness report instrument to obtain the reports
Profile - Adolescent Version www.outcomes- of adolescents (age 11-17) about their
(CHIP-AE), (Starfield & Riley, trust.org/instruments.htm own health. Includes six domains –
n.d.) satisfaction, achievement, disorders,
risks, discomfort, and resilience.
Generic Instrument – Measures health-
www.outcomes-
related quality of life in children;
trust.org/instruments.htm comprised of scales specifically
Child Health Questionnaire
developed for children and adolescents
(CHQ) (Landgraf & Ware, www.qualitymetric.com 5 years and older. Assesses a child’s
n.d.)
physical, emotional, and social well-
www.healthact.com
being from the perspective of a parent
or guardian.
Prenatal and Parenting Programs for
Adolescent Mothers – Child Trends is a
26-year-old nonprofit, nonpartisan
research organization dedicated to
improving the lives of children by
Hoyer, Paulette
conducting research and providing
Child Trends group in (Programs for http://www.childtrends.org/ science-based information to improve
Washington (Internet site) Adolescent
the decisions, programs, and policies
Mothers)
that affect children and their families. It
tabulates current trends in adolescent
pregnancy, pregnancy prevention, and
a host of other information related to
the family and to the child.
Nursing & Parent Experience – An
McBride, instrument to assess the impact of a
Child’s Chronic Illness on
Angela Baron child’s chronic illness on family
Family Instrument (Hymovich, None found
(Nsg. & Parent developmental tasks and parenting
1981)
Exp.) coping strategies and to measure the
outcome of intervention.
Family Assessment – A 15-item
behavioral rating scale developed to
Childhood Autism Rating
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages identify children with autism, and to
Scale (CARS) (Schopler, /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html distinguish them from developmentally
Reichler, & Renner, 1988)
handicapped children without the
autism syndrome.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 28
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Parent-Adolescent Communication in
Nondistressed Families – A 27-item
self-rated symptom oriented scale
designed for school-aged children and
Riesch, Susan adolescents. It requires the lowest
Childhood Depression
(Parent- http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/ reading level of any measure of
Inventory (Multi-Health per_test.html#CDI
Adolescent depression for children. The instrument
Systems, Inc., 1992)
Communication) quantifies a range of depressive
symptoms including disturbed mood,
hedonic capacity, vegetative functions,
self-evaluation and interpersonal
behaviors.
Children’s Anxiety and Pain Hester, Nancy Pain in Children – Pain assessment in
Scale (Kuttner & LePage, (Pain in http://www.clinicalpain.com children, discriminating between
1989) Children) anxiety and pain.
Family Assessment – A projective
technique consisting of 10 cards
Children’s Apperception Test http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages depicting drawings of animals in
(Bellak & Bellack, 1987) /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html human-like situations; can be used to
describe personality or aspects of
emotion disturbance.
Child Sexual Abuse: Initial Effects –
Used to assess perceptions and
attributions believed to be particularly
Children’s Attributions and Kelley, Susan relevant to sexually abused children.
http://vinst.umdnj.edu/VAID/TestRe
Perceptions Scale (CAPS) (Child Sex port.asp?Code=CAPS CAPS consists of 18 items and four
(Mannarino, et al., 1994) Abuse) subscales: feeling different from peers,
personal attributions for negative
events, perceived credibility, and
interpersonal trust.
Problem At-Risk Behavior – Measure
Children’s Belief about
www.character.org/resources/asses an individual’s own cognition about the
Aggression Scale (Huesmann sment/ acceptability or unacceptability of a
& Guerra, 1997)
behavior.
Children’s Coping Strategies Vessey, Judith
Children’s Psychological Responses to
Checklists (Ritchie, Caty & (Children’s
None found Hospitalization – Measure of coping
Ellerton, 1988; Ritchie, Caty, Responses to
strategies.
Ellerton & Arklie, 1990) Hospitalization)
Child Sexual Abuse: Initial Effects – A
27-item self-rated symptom oriented
scale designed for school-aged
children and adolescents. It requires
Children’s Depression Kelley, Susan the lowest reading level of any
http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/
Inventory (CDI) (Finch, Saylor (Child Sex per_test.html#CDI measure of depression for children.
& Edwards, 1985, 1992) Abuse) The instrument quantifies a range of
depressive symptoms including
disturbed mood, hedonic capacity,
vegetative functions, self-evaluation
and interpersonal behaviors.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 29
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Interventions for Children with Diabetes
and Their Families/Research in
Chronic Illness – Scale developed to
determine level of child’s responsibility
Children’s Diabetes Inventory Grey, Margaret
www.cfah.org/pdfs/health_topic_dia in insulin administration, their response
(McNabb, Quinn, Murphy, (Diabetes betes.pdf to symptoms of hypo- and
Thorp, & Cook, 1994) Interventions)
hyperglycemia, record keeping, and
communication. (Frequency with which
child performs specific self-care duties,
yields a. responsibility score.)
Child Sexual Abuse: Initial Effects – It
is a brief and easy to administer
standardised interview for both males
Children’s Impact of and females aged between 8 and 16
Kelley, Susan
Traumatic Events Scale – http://www.swin.edu.au/victims/reso years who have been sexually
(Child Sex urces/assessment/ptsd/cites-r.html
Revised (CITES) (Wolfe, et assaulted (Wolfe, et al., 1991). The
Abuse)
al., 1989) instrument is designed to measure
post-traumatic stress symptoms, social
reactions to disclosure, abuse related
attributions, and eroticism.
Locus of Control – The degree of
internal and external sense of control
Children’s Perception of www.character.org/resources/asses
sment/ among children is measured in three
Control Scale (Connell, 1985)
behavior domains – cognitive, social,
and physical.
Family Assessment – A children’s
Children’s Personality version of Sixteen Personality Factor
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
Questionnaire (CPQ) (Porter /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html Questionnaire for adults; a personality
& Cattell, 1975) inventory measuring 16 traits such as
warmth, sensitivity, etc. (ages 8-12).
Outgroup/Ethnocentric Attitudes –
Children’s Social Desirability Questionnaire is designed to control
www.character.org/resources/asses
Scale (Crandall, Crandall & sment/ subjects’ tendency to respond in ways
Katkovsky, 1965) they perceive to be socially
appropriate.
Physical Symptoms in Children and
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org
Rhee, Hyekyun /cgi/content/full/111/4/e376#SEC1 Adolescents – Measures children’s
Children’s Somatization (Physical global perceptions of their worth and
Inventory (CSI) (Garber, et Symptoms in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ esteem. The measure rates 35
al., 1991) Children & query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub symptoms based on whether they have
Med&list_uids=11321631&dopt=Ab
Adolescents) stract been experienced in the previous 2
weeks.
Marek, K. & http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Chronic Heart Failure
Baker, C. query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Patient Safety – QOL instrument
Questionnaire (Guyatt, et al., Med&list_uids=1529875&dopt=Cita
(Nurse Home specific to heart failure patients.
1989) tion
Visit)
Chronic Mental Illness – An adapted
instrument, used to determine whether
subjects could tell when they were
Chronic Mental Illness getting better or worse and what
Fox, Jeanne
Symptom Interview indicators subjects used to make this
(Chronic Mental None found
(Leventhal, Noren & Strauss, determination. Subjects were also
Illness)
1982) asked what they did if indicators
suggested a worsening of their illness
and who assisted them in identifying
indicators.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 30
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms/
Marek, K. & www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h General & Multiple Symptoms / Quality
tm
Chronic Respiratory Disease Baker, C. of Life/Patient Safety – A 19-item scale
Questionnaire (Guyatt, 1987) (Nurse Home www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/emotion. that measures dyspnea, fatigue,
Visit) htm emotional function, and feeling of
control over disease.
Whall, Ann &
Loveland- Family Unit-Focused Research: 1984-
Chronicity Impact and Coping
Cherry, Carol http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ 1991 – Was developed to determine
Instrument: Parent query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
(Family Unit- Med&list_uids=6564525&dopt=Abs the impact of a child's chronic illness
Questionnaire (CICI:PQ)
Focused tract on parents and how parents cope with
(Hymovich, 1984)
Research/1984- the impact.
91)
Shishani, K.,
Sohn, M.,
Okada, A., &
Cigarette Withdrawal Scale
Froelicher, E.S. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/
(CWS; Etter, Le Houezec, Tobacco – Measures tobacco
(Nrsg. content~db=all~content=a7139496
Huguelet, & Etter, 2009; 74 withdrawal.
Interventions in
Piper et al., 2008)
Tobacco-
Dependent
Patients)
Pain – A 16-item ordinal scale that
Contact measures a patient’s knowledge and
City of Hope Mayday Pain mayday_pain@smtplink.coh.org
experience in managing chronic cancer
Resource Center Patient Pain
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical pain. There is also a Family Pain
Questionnaire
.htm Questionnaire that measures the family
caretaker’s knowledge and experience.
Quality of Life – A 41-item ordinal scale
City of Hope Quality of Life, representing the four domains of
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality.
Cancer Patient Version htm quality of life including physical well
(Ferrell, 1995) being, psychological well being, and
spiritual well being.
Civic Attitudes Instrument – 24-item
questionnaire asks students to rate
Civic Responsibility Scale www.character.org/resources/asses their perceptions of and participation in
(Furco, 1998) sment/ civic affairs on a six-point Likert scale;
survey has been developed at three
age-related levels.
Classroom/School Climate Instruments
– A 20-item Likert response measure,
intended to measure the level of
Classroom Apprehension apprehension felt by undergraduate
www.character.org/resources/asses
about Participation Scale sment/ students in a classroom discussion
(CAPS) (Neer, 1987) environment, may also be a useful
model to study the effects of teaching
strategies designed to influence
classroom climate.
Academic Attitudes Instrument – A 20-
item scale with four dimensions
Classroom Belief Scale www.character.org/resources/asses
sment/ measuring beliefs about the causes of
(Duda & Nicholls, 1992)
success (deception, motivation/effort,
ability, and external factors).
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 31
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Academic Attitudes Instrument – A 21-
Classroom Goal Orientation
www.character.org/resources/asses item scale with four dimensions (ego
Scale (Duda & Nicholls, sment/ orientation, task orientation, work
1992)
avoidance, and cooperation).
Academic Attitudes Instrument – An
Classroom Satisfaction Scale www.character.org/resources/asses
sment/ eight-item scale measuring boredom
(Duda & Nicholls, 1992)
and satisfaction or enjoyment.
Maintaining and Improving Physical
http://www.findarticles.com/p/article Function in Elders – Includes 16 tasks,
Bennett, Jill
s/mi_m2459/is_n2_v25/ai_1817304 some broken down into component
(Maintaining & 3
Cleveland Scale for Activities behaviors, for a total of 66 items. This
Improving
of Daily Living (Patterson, et http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ scale is designed to be sensitive to
Physical
al., 1992) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub changes in physical function caused by
Function in
Med&list_uids=1485930&dopt=Abs progression of dementia, even in elders
Elders) tract who are in the early stages of dementia
and still living at home.
Hearing Impairment – Scale uses an
open-ended approach to problem
Wallhagen, identification. The patient and clinician
Client Oriented Scale of
Margaret http://www.audiologyonline.com/arti
work together to identify up to five
Improvement (COSI) (Dillon, cles/arc_disp.asp?id=236
(Hearing situations the patient feels are most
James & Ginnis, 1997)
Impairment) impacted by the hearing loss. These
situations.
http://cnr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/r
efs/12/2/145 Acute Confusion in the Elderly – An
Foreman,
Clinical Assessment of observational checklist developed for
Marquis (Acute
Confusion–A (Vermeersch, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ practicing nurses to measure the
Confusion in query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
1990) presence and level of confusion in
Elderly) Med&list_uids=9261294&dopt=Abs
tract hospitalized adults.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 32
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Interventions for Persons with
Irreversible Dementia / Alzheimer’s
Disease – Scale is used as a global
measure of dementia. The CDR has
become one of the main methods by
which the degree of dementia is
quantified into states. It characterizes
six domains of cognitive and functional
performance: Memory, Orientation,
Judgment & Problem Solving,
Community Affairs, Home & Hobbies,
and Personal Care. The necessary
https://www.alz.washington.edu/NO
Burgener, information to make each rating is
NMEMBER/cdr2.html
Clinical Dementia Rating Sandy & Wigg, obtained through a semi-structured
Scale (CDR) (Hughes, Berg, Prudence http://alzheimer.wustl.edu/adrc2/Ed interview of the patient and a reliable
Danzinger, Coben & Martin; (Persons with ucation/CDR%20Inter-Page.html informant or collateral source (e.g., a
1982; Berg, 1984) Irreversible http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
family member). The CDR Table
Dementia) ales.htm provides descriptive anchors that guide
the clinician in making appropriate
ratings based on interview data and
clinical judgment. In addition to ratings
on a 5-point scale for each domain
(except Personal Care, which is rated
on a 4-point scale) an overall CDR
score is derived by standard algorithm.
This score is useful for globally staging
the level of impairment: 0 = No
impairment, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 indicate
Very Mild, Mild, Moderate and Severe
Dementia.
Conway, Mary http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Clinical Nurse Rating Scale query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Socialization and Roles – Measuring
(Socialization & Med&list_uids=9219055&dopt=Abs
(Reekie, 1970, 1971) clinical nurse performance.
Roles) tract
Family Assessment – For Circumplex
Model of marital and family systems.
Clinical Rating Scale (CRS) http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages The Circumplex Model is made up of
(Olson, 2000) /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html three primary dimensions: family
cohesion, family flexibility, and family
communication.
Alzheimer’s Disease – Measures global
ratings of a patient’s clinical condition;
the scale has been used extensively in
Clinicians’ Global Impression http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc clinical trials of antidementia drugs
of Change (Guy, 1976) ales.htm where a global assessment of the
degree of dementia is required and can
usefully assess change from a
specified baseline.
Clock Drawing Test (Brodaty Alzheimer’s Disease – Takes only 2
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
& Moore, 1997; Shulman, et ales.htm minutes to administer and reflects
al., 1986) frontal and temporoparietal functioning.
Opie, Nancy
Closeness Index (Davies, (Childhood & http://www.soc.umn.edu/~knoke/pa Childhood and Adolescent
1988) Adolescent ges/Centrality_and_Prestige.doc Bereavement –
Bereavement)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 33
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Nursing & Parent Experience –
Cognitive Adaptation to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Consists of 37 items that reflect
Stressful Events (CASE) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub women’s cognitions associated with
(Affonso, Mayberry, Lovett & Med&list_uids=7971297&dopt=Abs themes of meaning, mastery and self-
tract
Paul, 1994) enhancement relative to their
experiences of being pregnant.
Maas, Meridean
& Buckwalter,
Cognitive Capacity Screening
Kathleen Alzheimer’s Disease / Acute Confusion
Examination (Jacobs, http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/
(Alzheimer’s) in the Elderly – Rapidly administered
Bernhard, Delgado & Strain, cgi-
Foreman, bin/abstract/80002420/ABSTRACT test that measures the cognitive status
1977; Palmateer &
Marquis (Acute of young as well as geriatric subjects.
McCartney, 1985)
Confusion in
Elderly)
Alzheimer’s Disease – Used as a
Cognitive Failures
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc measure of self-reported failures in
Questionnaire (CFQ) ales.htm perception, memory and motor
(Broadbent, et al., 19820
function.
Mathews, Mary Research on the Baccalaureate
Beth & Travis, Completion Process for RNs) – A
http://www.ciadvertising.org/student
Cohen CAD Scale (Cohen, Lucille (Res. on Likert-type instrument of 35 items) that
_account/spring_01/adv391k/gmb/a
1967) Bacc. Compl. dv382j/Paper1/ptcball.html measure 15 items based on product
Process for usage, brand usage, and media
RNs) preference.
Wandering in Dementia / Alzheimer’s
Disease – Assesses 29 different
agitated behaviors in patients with
cognitive impairment. Agitated
behaviors include wandering,
aggression, inappropriate vocalization,
http://www.researchinstituteonaging hoarding items, sexual disinhibition and
.org/assessment.html negativism. It is useful for the
Cohen-Mansfield Agitation
Algase, Donna assessment of agitation in residents of
Inventory (Cohen-Mansfield, http://www.medafile.com/zyweb/CM
(Wandering in AI.htm nursing and residential homes.
1986; Cohen-Mansfield, Marx
Dementia) Provides rankings of frequency and/or
& Rosenthal, 1989) http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc severity of wandering. It is a 29-item
ales.htm caregiver rating questionnaire for the
assessment of agitation in elderly
persons. It includes descriptions of 29
agitated behaviors, each rated on a 7-
point scale of frequency. Inter-rater
agreement rates ranged between .88
and .92.
Nursing Education – Standardized
College Qualification Test Schwirian, measures of cognitive ability and
www.uscg.mil/ng/capemay/qualtest
(CQT) (Johnson & Leonard, Patricia (Nrsg. s.htm functioning (ASVAB, SAT I, GRE, GRE
1970) Student Res.) General, GRE Subject tests, GMAT,
LSAT, ASTB).
Vance, Connie
Collegial Behaviors Inventory & Olson, None found Mentorship –
(Schoolcraft, 1986) Roberta
(Mentorship)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 34
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Family Assessment – A measure of an
individual’s ability to maintain sustained
Color Trails Test (D’Elia, et http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages visual attention, visual scanning, and
al., 1996) /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html graph motor skills to assist in
assessing presence and extent of brain
injury (ages 18 and up).
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/con
tent/psych/pibd/1999/00000023/00
Fleming, 000002/art00004
Colorado Childhood
Juanita Preschool Children – Measure of
Temperament Inventory http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
(Preschool temperament in children age 4-1/2.
(Plomin & Roe, 1977) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Children) Med&list_uids=8625721&dopt=Abs
tract
Wolanin, Mary
Comfortable Interpersonal
Opal Measures interpersonal distance with
Distance (CID Scale) (Duke & www.character.org
(Geriatric the same and opposite sex.
Navicki, 1972)
Nursing)
Burnes-Bolton,
http://www.cmwf.org/publications/p
L, Newman- ublications_show.htm?doc_id=2334 Health Disparities – Used to determine
Commonwealth Minority
Giger, J & 02 factors that hindered racial and ethnic
Health Survey (CMHS)
Georges, CA minority women from obtaining
(1997) http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/su/m
(Racial Barriers ed/healthstat/ethnic.html
preventive health care.
to Health Care)
Communication – Instrument looks at
http://www- an individual's ability to effectively get
rohan.sdsu.edu/~mstover/tests/lest their message across clearly using
Communication Effectiveness er.html
seven separate categories. These are
Questionnaire (Viggiano,
http://www.hrdpressonline.com/pro Empathizing, Receiving, Clarifying,
1990)
duct_info/communication_effectiven Understanding, Reading non verbal
ess_profile.htm clues, Feedback giving and
Transmitting your message.
Communication Relationships
Scale (Goldhaber, et al., None found Communication –
1977)
(In ―Handbook of Tests and
http://libraries.uta.edu/helen/test&m
Communicator Competence eas/AlphaKeyword/Keyword%20C
Measurement in Education and the
Questionnaire (Monge, et al.) C.htm Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 35
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Nursing Workload Measurement
Systems / Home Health Care – Built on
the Omaha Classification Scheme for
predicting resource consumption
according to the four domains of the
Edwardson, Omaha system, it was developed by
Sandra & integrating nursing theory with nursing
Giovannetti, practice. Groups of nurse experts in
Phyllis (Nsg. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ community health developed prototype
Community Health Intensity
Workload query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub definitions for 15 community health
Rating Scale (CHIRS) Med&list_uids=3393425&dopt=Abs
Measurement parameters that incorporated both
(Peters, 1988) tract
Systems); patient characteristics and critical
Barkauskas, indicators of care as descriptors of
Violet (Home nursing care requirements. A patient
Health Care) classification scale for categorizing
patients in one of four levels of nursing
care requirements which showed
correlation between estimated levels of
nursing care requirements and actual
services provided.
Giger, JN &
Davidhizer, R
(Promoting
Community Life Scales Skills Culturally Vulnerable Populations – Assesses
http://www.tsbvi.edu/recc/ils.htm
(CLSS; Barnard, 1991) Appropriate community life skills.
Interventions
among Vuln
Pops)
Social Climate – Assesses 10
dimensions of the social environments
of community based treatment
Community Oriented
programs, such as community
Programs Environment Scale www.chce.reserach.med.va.gov/
residential facilities, halfway houses,
(COPES) (Moos, 1997)
community care homes, sheltered
workshops, rehabilitation centers, and
day care facilities.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 36
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Special Populations – Data from the
Community Tracking Study (CTS)
surveys are made available to the
public through the Health and Medical
Care Archive (HMCA) at the Inter-
university Consortium for Political and
Social Research (ICPSR) (i.e.,
Household, Physician, Employer
surveys). The household component of
McBride, M & http://www.hschange.com/index.cgi
?data=11 the Community Tracking Survey (CTS)
Lewis, I (African
Community Tracking Survey recently finished its third wave of data
Am. And Asian http://apha.confex.com/apha/130a
(1996-2003) collection. The household survey
Am. Elders/ m/techprogram/paper_42419.htm
employs a clustered survey to provide
Ethnogeriatrics)
local estimates and an unclustered
RDD survey to increase the precision
of national estimates. Two features of
the clustered sample are large (over
1000 households) samples in 12 of 60
sites (PSUs) to allow for precise local
estimates and an inperson supplement
in those same 12 sites to increase
frame coverage.
Hauenstein, Rural Health – Showed that rural
Community Tracking Study
Emily J. (Bldg. http://www.shadac.umn.edu/img/as residents of counties not adjacent to
Physician & Household
the Rural sets/18528/CTSInfoSession_Mar20 urban centers were less likely to obtain
Surveys (Kemper, et al., 04.pdf
Mental Health treatment for their mental health
1996)
System) problems.
Fleming, Preschool Children – Designed to
Comprehensive Identification
Juanita http://buros.unl.edu/buros/jsp/revie identify children who may have
Process (CIP) (Zehrboch, ws.jsp?item=06000640
(Preschool problems that could interfere with their
1975)
Children) success in school.
Comprehensive Test of Family Assessment – A battery of six
Nonverbal Intelligence http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages subtests that measure different but
(CTONI) (Hammill, Pearson & /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html interrelated nonverbal intellectual
Wiederholt (1996) abilities (ages 0-90).
Nursing Diagnosis – Is comprised of
180 items which form 40 homogenous
item dimensions measuring eight
personality factors, one validity (V)
scale, and one response-bias (R)
scale. The personality factors are: trust
Kim, Mi Ja
Comrey Personality Scale http://www.aamc.org/students/mcat/ vs. defensiveness, orderliness vs. lack
(Nsg. research/bibliography/shen001.htm
(CPS) (Comrey, 1970) of compulsion, social conformity vs.
Diagnosis)
rebelliousness, activity vs. lack of
energy, emotional stability vs.
neuroticism, extroversion vs.
introversion, mental toughness vs.
emotional sensitivity and, empathy vs.
egocentrism.
Concern for Others Scale Prosocial/Altruistic Behavior –
www.character.org/resources/asses
(Child Developmental Studies sment/ Measures students’ feeling of concern
Center, 1993) and desire to help other people.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 37
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Thornlow, http://publish.uwo.ca/~hkl/request.h
Conditions of Work
Deirdre K. (Nsg. tml Rural Health – Measures six
Effectiveness Questionnaire
Pt. Safety Res. components of structural
(Laschinger, Finegan, http://ajcc.aacnjournals.org/cgi/cont
in Rural Hlth. empowerment.
Shamian, & Wilk, 2001) ent/full/16/6/536
Care Settings)
http://www.unc.edu/depts/rsc/funk/f Socialization and Roles – Developed to
Conduct Utilization of
Conway, Mary orms/Barr_a.pdf assess clinicians’, administrators’, and
Research in Nursing
(Socialization & academicians’ perceptions of barriers
Questionnaire (Crane, Pelz & http://www.dsi.dk/projects/cpp/Perc
Roles) to the utilization of research findings in
Horsley, 1977) eptions/funk.htm
practice.
Riesch, Susan
Conflict Behavior http://www.24hourscholar.com/p/art Parent-Adolescent Communication in
(Parent-
Questionnaire (Prinz, et al., icles/mi_m0902/is_n2_v21/ai_1373 Nondistressed Families – Measure of
Adolescent 7564
1976) parent-child conflict.
Communication)
Battered Women and Their Children /
Campbell,
Rural Health – Measures the frequency
Jacquelyn &
and severity of tactics used in
Parker, Barbara
http://www.fasttrackproject.org/tech disagreements; however, because it
(Battered rept/c/cft/ omits the extent of injury, self-defense,
Women & Their
sexual assault, and emotional
Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) Children) http://www.fasttrackproject.org/tech
rept/c/cft/ degradation, the female partner’s
(Straus & Gelles, 1990; 1996)
behavior is scored as being as violent
Annan, Sandra
http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/CT as the male’s. It consists of 80 items
L. (Nsg. Res. to S44G.pdf developed by Straus (1979) to explore
Meet Hlth. Care
intrafamily conflict and violence,
Needs of Rural
focusing particularly on the adults in
Populations)
the family.
Lesbian Health and Health Care –
Allows measurement as both victim
and perpetrator of aggressive acts.
Scale consists of 80 items to explore
intrafamily conflict and violence,
focusing particularly on the adults in
the family. Of these 80 items, 20 are
administered to the parent about
his/her relationship with the child. The
next 20 questions are directed to the
http://www.fasttrackproject.org/tech
rept/c/cft/
parent about the partner and his/her
interactions with the child. If there is no
Bernhard, Linda
Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/CT partner, these questions are not asked.
(Lesbian S15.pdf (revised scale)
(Straus, 1979) The last 40 questions of the measure
Health)
http://vinst.umdnj.edu/VAID/TestRe
address the interactions between the
port.asp?Code=CTSPCA parent and the parent's partner using
the same questions. The measure
assesses how the parent reacts in a
conflict with the child, such as trying to
discuss an issue calmly, yelling at or
insulting the child, stomping out of the
room or house, threatening to spank
the child, and hitting or trying to hit the
child. The items gradually become
more coercive and aggressive as they
progress.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 38
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Elder Mistreatment – A widely
accepted instrument in the family
Fulmer, Terry violence research field. The measure
Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) http://www.fasttrackproject.org/tech
(Elder rept/c/cft/ consists of 80 items developed by
(Straus, 1979)
Mistreatment) Straus (1979) to explore intrafamily
conflict and violence, focusing
particularly on the adults in the family.
Acute Confusion in the Elderly – The
Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
includes two parts. Part one is an
assessment instrument that screens for
overall cognitive impairment. Part two
includes only those four features that
were found to have the greatest ability
http://www.hartfordign.org/publicati to distinguish delirium or reversible
ons/trythis/issue13.pdf confusion from other types of cognitive
http://www.bendigohealth.org.au/Re
impairment.
Confusion Assessment Foreman, gional-Dementia- Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms –
Method (Inouye, Van Dyck, Marquis (Acute Management/CAM.html Instrument used in a study on elderly
Alessi, Balkin, Siegal & Confusion in patients with delirium and includes four
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
Horwitz, 1990) Elderly) /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html
features: acute onset and fluctuating
course, inattention, disorganized
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc thinking, and altered level of
ales.htm consciousness.
Alzheimer’s Disease – Consists of nine
operationalized criteria from DSM-II-R
(American Psychiatric Assn., 1987),
including the four cardinal features of
delirium – acute onset and fluctuation,
inattention, disorganized thinking and
altered level of consciousness.
Family Assessment – Behavior
checklist completed by parent and/or
Conners’ Rating Scores –
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages teacher that has 5-7 factors useful for
Revised (CRS-R) (Conners, /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html screening behavior problems, best
1990)
known for its ability to identify children
with ADD (ages 3-17).
Community Health Nursing Education -
Designed as a measure of
conservatism, the attraction of this
scale is its unusual format. Instead of
items in full sentence form, it uses
single words or phrases as stimuli for
Flynn, Beverly subject response. Instead of being
Conservatism Scale (Wilson (Community http://www.geocities.com/jonjayray/ asked to agree or disagree with (for
& Patterson, 1970) Health Nsg. raypratt.html instance) "The death penalty should be
Ed.) retained for certain crimes", the subject
is asked simply to respond to the
simple expression "Death penalty".
Although this format might at first seem
impossibly ambiguous, Wilson (1973)
has found that it does in fact elicit
reliable and valid responses.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 39
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical Pain/Combined Assessment/Quality of
.htm
Life – A series of charts utilizing
COOP Charts (Nelson, 1996)
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality. drawings for quick assessment in an
htm outpatient setting.
Ryan-Wenger, Psychogenic Pain in Children –
Coopersmith Self-Esteem Nancy Designed to measure evaluative
http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/
Inventory (Raymer, et al., (Psychogenic per_test.html#50B attitudes toward the self in social,
1984) Pain in academic, family, and personal areas
Children) of experience.
Family Adaptation to Child’s Chronic
Austin, Joan
Illness – The CHIP is a 45-item
Coping Health Inventory for Kessner (Family http://chipts.ucla.edu/assessment/A
instrument designed to measure
Parents (CHIP) (McCubbin, Adaptation to ssessment_Instruments/Assessme
parents’ response to management of
et al., 1983) Child’s Chronic nt_files_new/assess_chip.htm
family life when they have a child who
Illness)
is seriously and/or chronically ill
McCain, Nancy
Psychoneuroimmunological Studies in
Coping Orientations to & Zeller, Janice
HIV Disease – Measured usual ways of
Problems Experienced Scale (Psychoneuro- http://jbp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/ coping and a standardized serial
(Carver, Scheier & immunological abstract/29/4/445 addition laboratory challenge during
Weintraub, 1989) Studies in HIV
which blood pressure was assessed.
Disease)
Stember,
Cornell Critical Thinking Test, Marilyn www.criticalthinking.com/series/055 Curricular Research – Measure in
Level Z (Ellis & Milliman, n.d.) (Curricular /index_c.htm critical thinking.
Res.)
Special Populations – 14-questions on
Hilfinger, M & http://library.med.cornell.edu/Librar menopausal symptoms based on
y/HTML/cmi.html
Cornell Medical Index (CMI) Rubio, M. previous research of both Wetern and
(1949) (Immigration & http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/cont Korean women and open-ended
Health) ent/abstract/111/1/113 questions about perceived causes and
symptom management strategies.
Cornell Scale for Depression Alzheimer’s Disease – Is specifically for
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
in Dementia (Alexopoulos, et ales.htm the assessment of depression in
al., 1988) dementia.
www.corwinpress.com/book.aspx?p Continuing Education – Measured role
Kuramoto, Alice
id=5027 conception and role deprivation. It was
Corwin Scale (Corwin, 1961) (Research on
applicable to nurses’ roles in the 1950s
Cont. Ed.) www.nurseeducatoronline.com
and needs revising for today’s nurses.
Research on the Baccalaureate
Completion Process for RNs) – Used to
Mathews, Mary http://www.blackwell-
measure professional socialization, it is
Beth & Travis, comprised of three separate scales
Corwin’s Nursing Role synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.136
Lucille (Res. on 5-2648.2001.01634.x/abs/ measuring professional, bureaucratic
Conception Scale (Corwin,
Bacc. Compl. and service orientation. The data was
1961) http://www.nurseeducatoronline.co
Process for m
examined to identify nurses' ideal role
RNs) orientations and role discrepancies
over the transitionary period from
graduate to qualified nurse.
Used to assess role concept and extent
Conway, Mary
Corwin’s Role Conception of integrative behaviors. Most widely
(Socialization & www.nurseeducatoronline.com
Scale (1961) used scale prior to 1979 to categorize
Roles)
role orientations of nurses.
Cost and Reciprocity of
Norbeck, Jane http://www.montana.edu/cweinert/in Social Support – Based on social
Social Support (Tilden & struments/PRQ85/addinfo.html
(Social Support) exchange and equity theories.
Galyen, 1987)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 40
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 20-
item scale developed as a case
management tool for identifying
potential and existing adverse
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb consequences for caregivers of
urden.htm impaired elderly people.
Cost of Care Index (CCI)
Caregiver and Family Burden –
(Kosberg and Cairl, 1986) www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/caregive Identifies high risk placements on the
.htm
care receiver and high burden
placements on family. Was
constructed to identify high risk
caregivers in an Alzheimer’s
population.
Counselor’s Assessment of Fox, Jeanne
Overall Adjustment (COA) (Chronic Mental None found Chronic Mental Illness –
(Edwards, 1974) Illness)
Crichton Geriatric Behavioral Cronin-Stubbs, Delirium Intervention Research in
http://www.physics.upenn.edu/facul
Rating Scale (CGBRS) Diane (Delirium tyinfo/frankel/ethics/alzh3/ Acute Care Settings – Behavior rating
(Robinson, 1961) Intervention) scale.
Whall, Ann &
Loveland-
Critical Care Family Needs Cherry, Carol
www.aacnclinicalissues.com/pt/re/a Family Unit-Focused Research: 1984-
Inventory (CCFNI) (Molter, (Family Unit- acn 1991 – Used to assess family needs.
1979) Focused
Research/1984-
91)
http://www.fpg.unc.edu/~scpp/cross
Crosswalks Multicultural walks/pages/research.cfm
Health Disparities – Diversity related
Attitude Survey (Maude, http://www.fpg.unc.edu/~scpp/cross measure.
Univ. of Vermont) walks/pdfs/CMAS-FINAL.pdf
Nursing & Parent Experience –
McBride,
CT-Attitudes (Content & http://libraries.uta.edu/helen/test&m Attitudes mothers from the entire social
Angela Baron
Timing of Sex Education for eas/Table%20of%20contents/Ward class spectrum scale on the content
(Nsg. & Parent Lindeman.htm
Children) (Bloch, 1979) and timing of sex education for
Exp.)
children.
Porter, Cornelia http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Health Disparities – A 34-item Likert-
& Barbee, query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub like forced-choice questionnaire that
Cultural Attitude Scale (CAS) Evelyn (Health Med&list_uids=254899&dopt=Citati
on consisted of four-part vignettes that
(Bonaparte, 1979) Disparities,
measured the race and ethnicity of
Race & Racism,
nurses.
2004)
Custodial Mental Illness Loomis, Maxine http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing
Scale (Gilbert & Levinson, (Psych-Mental Med&list_uids=13549614&dopt=Ab Education –
1956) Hlth. Nsg. Ed.) stract
Quality of Life – A self-administered
card for use in cancer clinical trials that
Daily Diary Card-QOL www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality.
htm has been shown to demonstrate short-
(Gower, 1995)
term changes in quality of life related to
symptoms induced by chemotherapy.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 41
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Battered Women and Their Children –
A clinical assessment instrument for
helping battered women determine
their relative risk of homicide in the
relationship. It was originally
developed by Co-Investigator Campbell
(1986) with consultation and content
validity support from battered women,
shelter workers, law enforcement
officials, and other clinical experts on
Campbell,
battering. The first portion of the
Jacquelyn &
measure assesses severity and
Danger Assessment Parker, Barbara http://www.son.jhmi.edu/research/C
NR/Homicide/Danger03.pdf frequency of battering by presenting
(Campbell, 1986) (Battered
the woman with a calendar of the past
Women & Their
year. The woman is asked to mark the
Children)
approximate days when physically
abusive incidents occurred, and to rank
the severity of the incident on a 1 to 5
(1=slap, pushing, no injuries and/or
lasting pain through 5=use of weapon,
wounds from weapon) scale. The
second part of the original DA is a 15-
item yes/no dichotomous response
format of risk factors associated with
intimate partner homicide.
Intimate Partner Violence Against
Women – The first portion of the
measure assesses severity and
frequency of battering by presenting
the woman with a calendar of the past
year. The calendar portion was
Humphreys J, conceptualized as a way to raise the
Parker B & http://www.son.jhmi.edu/research/C consciousness of the woman and
Danger Assessment NR/Homicide/Danger03.pdf
Campbell J reduce the denial and minimization of
Instrument (Campbell; 1985,
(Intimate http://www.nvaw.org/research/instru the abuse, especially since using a
1988, 2003)
Partner ment.shtml calendar increases accurate recall in
Violence) other situations. The second part of
the original DA is a 15-item yes/no
dichotomous response format of risk
factors associated with intimate partner
homicide. Both portions of the
instrument take a total of approximately
20 minutes to complete.
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h Emotional & Cognitive
Dartmouth COOP Functional tm Symptoms/Multiple Symptoms – A
Assessment Charts (Nelson, quick, easily administered survey that
1996) www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/emotion. relies on visual images to assess
htm
multiple domains.
Fox, Jeanne
Davis Daily Living
(Chronic Mental None found Chronic Mental Illness –
Questionnaire (Davis, n.d.)
Illness)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 42
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
McCain, Nancy
& Zeller, Janice
Dealing with Illness Scale (Psychoneuro- http://www.acperesearch.net/mar04 Psychoneuroimmunological Studies IN
(McCain & Gramling, 1992) immunological .html HIV Disease –
Studies in HIV
Disease)
Psychoneuroimmunological Studies IN
McCain, Nancy
HIV Disease – To assess cognitive and
Dealing with Illness-coping & Zeller, Janice
behavioral responses to illness. Scale:
Inventory (Dealing with (Psychoneuro- http://acqol.deakin.edu.au/instrume
nts/scale_details.php?id=659 A 48-item modification of the Coping
Illness-coping Inventory; immunological
with Illness Scale. It contains 3 sub-
Namir, et al., 1987) Studies in HIV
scales: active-cognitive, active-
Disease)
behavioral, avoidance.
McCloskey
Leadership in Nursing – Measures
Dean Effectiveness Scale Joanne Comi &
overall leadership effectiveness of
(Seeman, 1960; Moloney, Molen, Marilyn None found
deans. Nine items rated on a scale of
1979) (Leadership in
1 to 5.
Nursing)
Walker, Patricia Faculty Practice: Interest, Issues and
Deans Demographic (Fac. Practice: Impact – Designed to determine deans’
None found
Questionnaire (Steele, 1991) Interest, Issues perceptions of the importance of
& Impact) various faculty roles.
Spirituality Scale – 21-item self-
administered or interview administered
Death Attitude Profile (DAP) www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht
m scale with 4 dimensions: fear of death,
(Gesser, 1987)
escape acceptance, approach
acceptance, and neutral acceptance.
Spirituality Scale – Scale based on the
Death Transcendence Scale
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht premise that ―death is transcended
(VandeCreek, 1993; Hood, m through identification with phenomena
1983)
more enduring than oneself.‖
Honesty Instrument – Measures nature
Deceit Measures (Hartshorne www.character.org/resources/asses of character and the effect of character
& May, 1928-1930) sment/ education programs on youth. Useful
resource for today’s researchers.
(In ―Handbook of Tests and
http://www-
Decisional Participation Scale Measurement in Education and the
rohan.sdsu.edu/~mstover/tests/lest
(Alutto & Belassco, 1972) er.html Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
Moral Competency / Moral Reasoning /
Cassidy, http://www.findarticles.com/p/article
Defining issues Test – s/mi_qa3852/is_200201/ai_n90836 Values / Ethical Inquiry – Test of moral
Virginia (Moral
Principled Reasoning Scores 25 judgment, consists of standard
Competency);
(DIT-P Scores) (Rest, 1975, questions on six dilemmas; scores
Gortner, Susan www.character.org/resources/asses
1979) indicate percentage of moral reasoning
(Ethical Inquiry) sment/
at the principled level.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 43
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Moral Reasoning & Ethical Practice –
This instrument assesses your opinions
about controversial social issues. A
multiple-choice, objective, self-
administered tool based on Kohlberg’s
theory of moral development. Scores
Ketefian, Shaké represent principled thinking and
Defining Issues Test (Rest, (Moral http://www.prenhall.com/whetten_d relative preference for principled
1974) Reasoning & ms/chap1_2.html thinking over conventional and pre-
Ethical Practice) conventional reasoning.
More current use by the CGS/ORI
project, measures improvement in
ethical sensitivity and ethical maturity
of students enrolled in an RCR
(Responsible Conduct in Research)
program.
Acute Confusion in the Elderly – The
most widely used scale to assess
delirium that has been translated into at
least seven other languages. The DRS
has 10 items and is clinician-rated, but
7- or 8-item subscale adaptations have
Foreman,
Delirium Rating Scale been used for repeated measurements.
Marquis (Acute http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/c
(Trzepacz, Baker & ontent/abstract/40/3/193 It has high scale characteristics,
Confusion in
Greenhouse, 1988) including internal consistency, validity,
Elderly)
specificity, sensitivity and interrater
reliability. The DRS distinguishes
delirious from demented,
schizophrenic, and depressed patients
and is more accurate than cognitive
tests in identifying delirium.
Foreman, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Acute Confusion in the Elderly – An
Delirium Symptom Interview Marquis (Acute query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pub
med&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1571 interview for the detection of delirium
(Albert, et al., 1992) Confusion in
069 symptoms in hospitalized patients.
Elderly)
Special Populations – It is the only
instrument available to nurses (and
other clinicians and researchers) to
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
measure immigration-specific distress.
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Hilfinger, M & Med&list_uids=12121528&dopt=Ab This selected scale is a 23-item, 6-
Demands of Immigration
Rubio, M. stract point Liket type scale. Six dimensions
Scale (Aroian & Schappler-
(Immigration & are included: loss, novelty, occupation
Morris, 1998) http://www.nursing.wayne.edu/abou
Health) adjustment, language accommodation,
tus/faculty/aroian_k.htm
discriminations, and not feeling at
home. High scores indicate high levels
of distress related to the demands of
immigration.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Dementia Behavior query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Algase, Donna Med&list_uids=9154583&dopt=Abs Wandering in Dementia – Used to
Disturbance Scale
(Wandering in tract determine presence or absence of
(Baumgarten, Becker &
Dementia) wandering.
Gautheir, 1990) http://neurotransmitter.net/alzheime
rscales.html
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 44
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Alzheimer’s Disease – Standardized
instrument for rating behavioral
Maas, Meridean
abnormalities in demented or cognitively
Dementia Behavior Scale & Buckwalter,
http://cerad.mc.duke.edu/Scale.htm impaired subjects. Useful screening
(Haycox, 1984) Kathleen
tool for determination of placement of
(Alzheimer’s)
Alzheimer’s patients on Low Stimulus
Units or traditional units.
Emotional & Cognitive
Symptoms/Multiple Symptoms – A 29-
Dementia Quality of Life
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h item instrument that measures self-
Instrument (DqoL) (Brod, et tm esteem, positive affect/humor, negative
al., 1999)
affect, feelings of belongings, and
sense of aesthetics.
Civic Attitudes Instrument – This scale
measures student’s endorsement of
Democratic Values Scale statements favoring equality of
www.character.org/resources/asses
(Developmental Studies sment/ representation and participation,
Center, 1993) willingness to compromise, and belief
in one’s responsibility to state opinions,
even if unpopular.
Millon-
Underwood, S,
Powe, B,
Demographic Assessment Special Conditions – Demographic
Canales, M,
Survey (DAS) (Jennings, survey used with African American and
Meade, C & Im,
1997) Latina women.
E (Ca in US
Ethnic & Racial
Minority Pops)
Smoking Cessation: Research on
Relapse Crises – A demographics
Demographics and Smoking questionnaire assessed characteristics
www.ctri.wis.edu/Researchers/
History such as gender, ethnicity, age, marital
status, education level, and
employment, etc.
Family Assessment/Developmental/
International Nursing Research – Was
Fleming,
designed as an aid in identifying delays
Juanita
in the development and behavior of
(Preschool
Denver Developmental children from 1 month to 6 years of
Children) www.icyf.msu.edu/screenng.html
Screening Test II (DDST-II) age. The test is a screening instrument
(Frankenburg & Dodds, 1967, www.fpnotebook.com/peds58.htm only and should not be used as a
Meleis, Afaf
1970) substitute for a diagnostic evaluation. It
Ibraham
provides information about four
(International
domains of development: personal-
Nsg. Research)
social, fine motor, language, and gross
motor.
Holzemer,
Derdiarians Behavioral http://healthsci.clayton.edu/eichelbe Quality of Life and the Spectrum of HIV
William &
System (Derdiarian & rger/theory/johnson_behavioral_sys Infection – Comprehensive assessment
Wilson, Holly tem.htm
Schobel, 1990) of AIDS patients.
(QOL & HIV)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 45
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 77-
item self-report instrument designed as
a general measure of stress. The
global measure is comprised of three
domains (environmental events,
personality mediators, and emotional
responses), which in turn are made up
Derogatis Stress Profile www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb of 11 dimensions (domestic, vocational,
(DSP) (Derogatis, 1987) urden.htm health, time pressure, driven behavior,
attitude posture, role definition,
relaxation potential, anxiety,
depression, hostility). This instrument
has been used with many populations,
including caregivers of children with
HIV/AIDS and mothers of children with
cancer.
Pain – Measures the sensory and
Descriptor Differential Scale www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical
.htm affective components of pain using a
(Gracey, 1988)
magnitude ratio scale.
www.character.org/resources/asses Developmental Assets – Contains list
Developmental Assets sment/ of 40 developmental assets children
Checklist (Benson, 1997) need to grow up health, caring, and
www.search-institute.org
responsible.
Newman,
Developmental Resources of
Margaret (Hlth.
Later Adulthood Scale (Reed, None found Health Conceptualization –
Conceptualiza-
1986)
tion)
Developmental Test of Family Assessment – Child copies
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
Visual-Motor Integration /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html designs to evaluate visual motor
(Beery, 1997) abilities (ages 4-13).
Interventions for Children with Diabetes
Grey, Margaret http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ and Their Families/Research in
Diabetes Adjustment Scale query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
(Diabetes Med&list_uids=7649720&dopt=Abs Chronic Illness – Designed to assess
(Sullivan, 1979)
Interventions) tract life adjustment for children with
diabetes.
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/
Interventions for Children with Diabetes
content/abstract/24/1/16
and Their Families/Research in
Diabetes Knowledge Grey, Margaret
http://www.med.umich.edu/mdrtc/su Chronic Illness – A reliable and valid
Questionnaire (Johnson, et (Diabetes rvey/#dkt measure of diabetes-related knowledge
al., 1982) Interventions)
http://www.findarticles.com/p/article
that is relatively easy to administer to
s/mi_m0MDR/is_6_8/ai_n6178355 either English or Spanish speakers.
Interventions for Children with Diabetes
http://journal.diabetes.org/diabetess and Their Families/Research in
Diabetes Quality of Life for Grey, Margaret pectrum/00v13n1/pg42.htm
Chronic Illness – Measure of quality of
Youth Scale (Ingersoll & (Diabetes
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/ life with diabetes to determine whether
Marrero, 1991) Interventions)
content/abstract/26/11/3067 disease was more upsetting and
diabetes management more difficult.
Grey, Margaret http://www.diabetesselfmanagemen Interventions for Children with Diabetes
Diabetes Skills Tests (Pollak
(Diabetes t.com/article.cfm?aid=956&sid=7&s and Their Families – Evaluates skill
& Johnson, 1979) k=5WZ6
Interventions) level for self-care.
Beeber, Linda &
Shandor Miles, Maternal Mental Health and Parenting
Diagnostic Interview Margaret in Poverty – Used to identify the
http://epi.wustl.edu/dis/dishome.htm
Schedule (DIS-IV) (Maternal prevalence of severe psychiatric
Mental Health & disorders.
Poverty)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 46
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
McCain, Nancy
& Zeller, Janice Psychoneuroimmunological Studies IN
Differential Loneliness Scale (Psychoneuro- http://www.atkinson.yorku.ca/~psyc HIV Disease – Measure of loneliness
(Schmidt & Sermat, 1983) immunological test/ as related to the frequency of
Studies in HIV infections.
Disease)
Empathy Instrument – A 24-item
questionnaire distributed to
undergraduate communications
Dimensions of Empathy
www.character.org/resources/asses students that measures four
Questionnaire (Stiff, et al., sment/ dimensions of empathy: perspective
1988)
taking, empathic concern, emotional
contagion, and communicative
responsiveness.
Alzheimer’s Disease – A new functional
Disability Assessment for scale specifically developed for
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
Dementia (Gelinas, et al., ales.htm patients with Alzheimer’s disease and
1999) assesses basic and instrumental
activities of daily living.
Health Conceptualization – Measure of
disability and assesses a patient's level
Disability Score of the Health Newman, of functional ability and includes
Assessment Questionnaire Margaret (Hlth. http://aramis.stanford.edu/download questions of fine movements of the
(HAQ) (Fries, Spitz & Young, Conceptualiza- s/HAQ_BioMed_Bruce2003.pdf upper extremity, locomotor activities of
1982) tion) the lower extremity, and activities that
involve both upper and lower
extremities.
Komnenich,
Disaster Personal- Paulene & Disaster Nursing –
None found
Experiential Questionnaire Feller, Carolyn
(Disaster Nsg.)
Pain in Older Adults – A 9-item
http://www.geriatricspt.org/csm05/8
observational measure almost
Discomfort Scale for patients Miller, Lori & 807.pdf exclusively limited to observations of
with Dementia of the Talerico, Karen facial expressions and body postures.
Alzheimer’s Type (DFS-DAT) (Pain in Older http://www.greatseminarsandbooks. This interesting scale requires no
com/Tips/Entries/DiscomfortScale.h
(Hurley, et al., 1992) Adults) tm
verbal response from the older person;
it is simply an observation assessment
scale.
Used to find out whether creationists
http://users.tpg.com.au/jonjayra/dog really are more closed-minded than
irr.html
Dogmatism Scale (Rokeach, evolutionists. (In ―Handbook of Tests
1960) http://www.creationism.org/csshs/v and Measurement in Education and the
04n3p15.htm Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
Lang, N., & Nursing Care Quality Assessment –
Doncaster Nursing
Clinton, J. www.doncastercentralpct.nhs.uk/do First developed in Great Britain,
Management Audit ncastermaag/research/ (e-audit)
(Nsg. Care included multiple indicators of nursing
(Huczynski, 1977)
Quality Assess.) practice and clinical teaching.
Drinking Problems Index Social Climate – Examines problem
(DPI) (Brennan, Finney & www.chce.reserach.med.va.gov/ drinking among late-middle-aged
Moos, 1990) adults.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 47
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Bennett, Jill http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
(Maintaining & query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubm
ed&list_uids=12202852&dopt=abstr Maintaining and Improving Physical
Duke Activity Status Index Improving act Function in Elders – Used to estimate a
(Hlatky, et al., 1989) Physical
person's functional capacity.
Function in http://www.montefiore.org/pdfs/duk
Elders) e-activity-index.pdf
Generic Instrument – A 17-item generic
questionnaire that measures
respondent-reported function health
Duke Health Profile (DUKE) www.outcomes- status and health-related quality of life
(Parkerson, n.d.) trust.org/instruments.htm during a one-week time period for
adults 18 years and older. Six scales
measure function health and five
measure dysfunctional health.
Psychogenic Pain in Children –
Designed to measure both cognitive
http://www.blackwell-
Ryan-Wenger, synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.0333 and behavioral pain coping strategies.
Dutch Coping Questionnaire Nancy -1024.2001.00237.x?cookieSet=1 It has six subscales classified under
(van den Bree, Passchier & (Psychogenic two coping dimensions: `active coping'
Emmen, 1990) Pain in http://www.blackwell- (`pain transformation', `distraction' and
synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.033
Children) 3-1024.2001.00237.x/abs/ `reducing demands') and `passive
coping' (`retreating', `worrying' and
`resting').
Family Assessment – A 32-item
Voda, Ann & instrument to be completed by one or
Dyadic Adjustment Scale http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
George, T. /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html both partners in a relationship,
(DAS) (Spanier, 1976)
(Menopause) designed to measure the quality of a
relationship.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
http://www.atsqol.org/pfsdq.asp
Disease: Strategies to Improve
Dyspnea Questionnaire Functional Status – Measures both
(Lareau, Carrieri-Kohlman, Larson, Janet http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ intensity of dyspnea with activities and
Janson-Bjerklie & Roos, (COPD) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub changes (reductions or improvements)
Med&list_uids=8039994&dopt=Abs
1994) in the ability of patients with chronic
tract
obstructive pulmonary, disease to
perform daily activities.
Child’s Chronic Illness – An
observation instrument used for
assessing the coping-related behavior
of children whose chronological or
developmental age is between 4 and
36 months. The ECI’s 48 items are
divided into 3 coping clusters:
Early Coping Inventory (ECI) http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/o Sensorimotor Organization, Reactive
pre/ehs/perf_measures/reports/reso
(Zeitlin, Williamson, & urces_measuring/res_meas_cdin.ht Behavior, and Self-Initiated Behavior.
Szczepanski 1988) ml Each item is rated on a five-point scale
ranging from ineffective coping (1) to
consistently effective coping across
situations (5). Analysis of a child’s
scores on the instrument provides
information about level of coping, style,
and specific strengths and
weaknesses.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 48
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Family Assessment/Developmental –
Designed to be a brief developmental
screening tool that accurately identifies
children who may need special
Early Screening Inventory-
education services in order to perform
Revised (ESI-R) (Meisels, et www.icyf.msu.edu/screenng.html
successfully in school. Enables
al., n.d.)
programs to quickly address possible
learning blocks, such as developmental
delays, learning problems or lack of
school preparedness.
http://www.findarticles.com/p/article Prevention of Mental Health Problems
s/mi_m2248/is_n116_v29/ai_16477 in Adolescence – A standardized
233 measure used to assess attitudes and
Eating Attitudes Test Kools, Susan
behaviors characteristic of eating-
(Maloney, McGuire & (Mental Health http://river-centre.org/pretest.html
disordered individuals. It has been
Daniels, 1988) in Adolescence)
http://www.healthyplace.com/Com used extensively to identify symptoms
munities/Eating_Disorders/concern of anorexia nervosa in both
edcounseling/eat/EATtest.htm
clinical and community samples.
Prevention of Mental Health Problems
in Adolescence – A standardized
http://www.helpguide.org/mental/ea
ting_disorder_treatment.htm measure used to assess attitudes and
Eating Disorders Risk Scale Kools, Susan behaviors characteristic of eating-
(Garner, Olmstead & Polivy, (Mental Health http://www.findarticles.com/p/article disordered individuals. It was
1983) in Adolescence) s/mi_m2248/is_n116_v29/ai_16477 developed to measure anorexic and
233
bulimic symptomology as well as to
identify attitudinal and behavioral traits
relevant to these eating disorders.
Giger, JN &
Davidhizer, R
Vulnerable Populations – Screening for
Edinburgh Postnatal (Promoting http://www.dbpeds.org/articles/detai
l.cfm?TextID=485 lifetime experiences of trauma and
Depression Scale Culturally Appro
domestic violence.
Intev among
Vuln Pops)
Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms/
General & Multiple Symptoms – A
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h scale comprised of eight visual
Edmonton Symptom tm
analogue scales indicating various
Assessment System (Bruera,
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/emotion. physical and emotional symptoms
1991)
htm (pain, activity, nausea, depression,
anxiety, drowsiness, appetite,
shortness of breath and well being).
Education Works (In ―Handbook of Tests and
Components Study http://www.library.wwu.edu/ref/subj Measurement in Education and the
Questionnaire (Miskel & guides/testing/education.html Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
Heller, 1973) 1997.)
(In ―Handbook of Tests and
Educational Beliefs
http://www.library.wwu.edu/ref/subj Measurement in Education and the
Questionnaire (Sivernail, guides/testing/education.html Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1992)
1997.)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 49
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Kuramoto, Alice
Continuing Education / Research on
(Research on
the Baccalaureate Completion Process
Cont. Ed.)
Educational Participation for RNs) – A self-report instrument that
Mathews, Mary
Scale (Boshier, 1971; http://sswr.confex.com/sswr/2005/te consists of 48 statements of possible
Beth & Travis,
Boshier, 1973; O’Connor, chprogram/P2170.HTM reasons for participating in adult
Lucille (Res. on
1979) education classes. Designed to
Bacc. Compl.
identify motivation orientations towards
Process for
continuing education activities.
RNs)
Nursing Student Research - An
www.cps.nova.edu/~cpphelp/EPPS objective, forced-choice inventory for
Edwards Personal Schwirian, .html
assessing the relative importance that
Preference Scale (EPPS) Patricia (Nrsg.
www.creativedesign.com/testpages an individual places on 15 personality
(Edwards, 1957) Student Res.)
.epps.htm variables. It is useful in personal
counseling and with non-clinical adults.
Pain in Children – Measure of pain in
children. It focuses on both pain
intensity and location. This tool
http://www.stat.washington.edu/TA involves the child's development of a
Hester, Nancy LARIA/attachb6.html
Eland’s Color Tool (Eland, color scale. After selecting four colors
(Pain in
1976, 1983, 1988) http://www.painresearch.utah.edu/c to represent no hurt, little hurt,
Children)
ancerpain/ch14.html moderate hurt, and the most hurt, the
child chooses the color representing
his or her hurt and marks where the
pain is on a clothed body map.
Hester, Nancy
(Pain in
Children); http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Eland’s Projective Tool query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Pain in Children / Preschool Children –
Fleming, Med&list_uids=255924&dopt=Abstr
(Eland, 1974, 1983, 1988) Measure of pain in children.
Juanita act
(Preschool
Children)
Elder Mistreatment – Measure for elder
mistreatment with specific attention to
abuse, neglect, exploitation, and
medical mistreatment. It is a 41-item
Likert scale assessment instrument
that has been in the literature since
1984. This instrument is comprised of
seven sections that reviews signs,
symptoms and subjective complaints of
Elder Assessment Instrument Fulmer, Terry elder abuse, neglect, exploitation and
http://www.hartfordign.org/publicati
(EAI) (Fulmer & O’Malley, (Elder ons/trythis/issue15.pdf abandonment. There is no ―score‖. A
1987) Mistreatment) patient should be referred to social
services if the following exists:
1) If there is any evidence of
mistreatment without sufficient clinical
explanation;
2) Whenever there is a subjective
complaint by the elder of EM;
3) Whenever the clinician believes
there is high risk or probable abuse,
neglect, exploitation, abandonment.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 50
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Elder Mistreatment – 40-item screening
tool with both subjective and objective
Elder Assessment Instrument http://www.hartfordign.org/publicati items to determine if an older person
(EAI) Fulmer, 1984; Fulmer, Fulmer, Terry ons/trythis/issue15.pdf should be referred for suspected EM.
Street & Carr, 1984; Chae, (Elder This instrument is comprised of seven
1990; Phillips, Morrison & Mistreatment) http://elderaffairs.state.fl.us/doea/en sections that reviews signs, symptoms
glish/pdfs/doea701b.pdf
Chae, 1990) and subjective complaints of elder
abuse, neglect, exploitation and
abandonment.
http://classes.kumc.edu/som/amed Patient Safety – Electronic checklist
Electronic Fall Risk
Currie, Leanne 900/ExposureSkills/long_term_care that provides a method to measure
Assessment Instrument
(Fall & Injury _fall_risk_assessm.htm several risk factors, including vision,
(Lord, Menz & Tiedemann,
Prevention) peripheral sensation, muscle force,
2003) http://biomed.gerontologyjournals.o
rg/cgi/content/abstract/56/12/M761 reaction time, and postural sway.
Schutz developed the instrument to
Element B: Behavior for the
measure the interaction between two
FIRO (Fundamental
people for research purposes. (In
Interpersonal Relationship http://www.hpsys.com/ebinfo.htm
―Handbook of Tests and Measurement
Orientation) (Schutz, 1978;
in Education and the Social Sciences,‖
1992)
by Lester & Lloyd, 1997.)
Program Quality Assessment – A self-
assessment instrument designed to
Eleven Principles Survey assist schools in determining the extent
th th www.character.org/resources/asses
(Center for the 4 & 5 Rs, sment/ to which the school is implementing the
n.d.) eleven principles of effective character
education as developed by the
Character Education Partnership.
Affective Cognitive Development
Instrument – A 56-item, dichotomous
Emotional Control Scale www.character.org/resources/asses response measure of emotional
(Roger & Najarian, 1989) sment/ control; designed to identify factors that
may predispose an individual to stress-
related illness.
Emotional Empathy Empathy Instrument – Consists of 33
www.character.org/resources/asses
Questionnaire (Mehrabian & sment/ items to measure subjects’
Epstein, 1972) aggressiveness and helpfulness.
Garvin, Bonnie
& Kennedy,
Carol Interpersonal Communication between
Empathy Construct Rating
(Interpersonal www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Nurses and Patients – Tool for
Scale (La Monica, 1981)
Communication measuring empathy.
between Nurses
& Patients)
www.character.org/resources/asses
Empathy Measure (Iannotti, sment/ Empathy Instrument – Measure of
1985) empathy.
www.nimh.nih.gov
Employee Aptitude Survey http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages Family Assessment – Vocational
(Ruch, et al., 1994) /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html assessment tool.
Enjoyment of Class Scale www.character.org/resources/asses Classroom/School Climate Instruments
sment/
(Developmental Studies – Measures students’ positive feelings
Center, 1993) www.devstu.org about being in class.
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms/
tm
EORTC QLQ (Anderson, General & Multiple Symptoms – An
1993) www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/emotion. instrument created for cancer patients
htm incorporating nine multi-item scales.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 51
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Pain/Combined Assessment/Quality of
Life – Instrument composed of modules
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical to assess quality of life for specific
.htm
EORTC QOL-30 (Aaronson, cancer trials. Current instrument is 30
1993) www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality. items with physical function, role
htm function, cognitive function, emotional
function, social function, symptoms,
and financial impact.
AHRQ-sponsored Hospital Patient Safety – Ability for hospitals
Clarke, S. (Org. www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/
Survey on Patient Safety and other healthcare facilities (as well
Culture &
Culture (Nieva & Sorra, 2003; as researchers) to compare facilities to
Culture Factors)
Sorra & Nieva, 2004) each other.
Parsons, L. Neurological Nursing Research – Tool
Claire & Kidd, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ to assess stressors associated with
Epilepsy Stress Inventory query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Pamela Stinson Med&list_uids=8445279&dopt=Abs epilepsy; 5-point Likert-type scale for
(Snyder, 1986)
(Neuro. Nsg. tract both inpatient and outpatient epileptics
Res.) with history of seizures for > 1 year.
Curricular Education – The Education
Resources Information Center (ERIC),
Stember,
sponsored by the Institute of Education
Marilyn
ERIC Database www.eric.ed.gov/ Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department
(Curricular
of Education, produces the world’s
Res.)
premier database of journal and non-
journal education literature.
Prosocial/Altruistic Behavior – A 15-
item teacher-report instrument
Ethical Behavior Rating Scale www.character.org/resources/asses measuring students’ ethical behavior.
(Hill & Swanson, 1985) sment/ Items include fairness, right and wrong
judgment, group allegiance, honesty,
loyalty, altruism, and other behaviors.
Moral Competency – Measure of
higher education practitioners with little
research background, seeking advice
from qualified colleagues and
Cassidy, http://www.nacada.ksu.edu/Clearin
Ethical Judgment Scale (EJS) statisticians, especially in the planning
Virginia (Moral ghouse/Research_Related/ethicsbi
(Hoover, 1991) b.htm stages. Focal areas include scientific
Competency)
interest, practical significance, research
design, previous research, existing
data, available resources, ethical
issues, and report writing.
Moral Reasoning/Values – 20-item
questionnaire which seeks to classify
individuals into one of four ethical
Ethics Position Questionnaire www.character.org/resources/asses
sment/ ideologies (situationism, absolutism,
(EPQ) (Forsyth, 1980)
subjectivism, and exceptionism). It has
two subscales – Idealism and
Relativism.
Porter, Cornelia
& Barbee,
http://www.azteca.net/aztec/survey/
Ethnic Attitude Survey Evelyn (Health Health Disparities – Self-administered
(Rooda, 1993) Disparities, questionnaire to determine bias.
Race & Racism,
2004)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 52
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Quality of Life and the Spectrum of HIV
European Questionnaire for Infection – Supplementary lung cancer-
Research and Treatment of Holzemer, specific questionnaire to be used in
Cancer Core Quality-of-Life William & http://www.atsqol.org/qlq-lc13.asp
conjunction with the QLQ-C30. Both
Questionnaire (de Boer, van Wilson, Holly questionnaires developed and
Dam, Sprangers, Frissen & (QOL & HIV) validated in patients with lung cancer.
Lange, 1993) Designed for use in an international
context.
Quality of Life – A measure that covers
five dimensions – mobility, self-care,
EuroQol Quality of Life Scale www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality. role (or main) activity, family and
(EuroQol, 1990) htm leisure activities, pain and mood – and
expresses health status as a single
index score.
Villarruel, AM &
Koniak-Griffin,
Exercise Motivation Question D (Lifestyle
http://www.utexas.edu/nursing/swp Vulnerable Populations – A measure of
(EMQ) (Keele-Smith & Leon, Behav Interven c/year1.html individuals’ motives for exercising.
2003) w/Hispanic
Children &
Adults)
http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn95142563
Riesch, Susan 01/html/x371.html
Exercise of Self Care Scale Nursing Centers – Measure of attitude
(Nursing
(Cronbach, n.d.) http://www.findarticles.com/p/article toward exercising self care.
Centers)
s/mi_m0CUH/is_3_26/ai_98880474
Expanded Texas Inventory of www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/grief.ht Expanded scale that taps into various
Grief (ETIG) (Zisook, 1982) ml dimensions of grief.
www.character.org/resources/asses Prosocial/Altruistic Behavior –
Extrinsic Prosocial Motivation
sment/ Measures’ students’ inclination to act in
Scale (Developmental
prosocial ways in order to gain rewards
Studies Center, 1993) www.devstu.org
or avoid punishments.
Community Health Nursing Education –
http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/ A self-report personality inventory
Flynn, Beverly
per_test.html#58 based on Hans Eysenck’s factor
Eysenck Personality (Community
analysis of personality which assumes
Inventory (Eysenck, 1964) Health Nsg. http://www.library.ucsf.edu/tobacco/ three basic factors (the two most
Ed.) batco/html/3600/3634/
important being extraversion to
introversion and neuroticism).
Dying Well: Symptom Control within
F Copes Inventory (F. Copes, http://libraries.uta.edu/helen/test&m Hospice Care – Family crisis orientated
Corless, Inge
1987, 1991; McCubbin, eas/AlphaKeyword/Keyword%20F.. personal evaluation scales, measured
(Dying Well) ..htm
Larsen & Olson, 1982) the concerns and coping abilities of
widows.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 53
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Pain in Children – A faces scale was
used to provide an estimate of the
participants' experiences. This pictorial
measure was a modification of the self-
report method designed to assess
pediatric patients' anxiety and pain
during invasive medical procedures,
such as bone marrow aspirations
(LeBaron & Zeltzer, 1984). LeBaron
Hester, Nancy http://www.findarticles.com/p/article
Faces Distress Scale and Zeltzer used faces showing
(Pain in s/mi_m2248/is_152_38/ai_n600550
(LeBaron & Zeltzer, 1984) 4/pg_3 increasing degrees of distress . . .
Children)
drawings of four faces ranging from
sad (scored as one) to happy (scored
as four) were presented to the
participants before and after the first
and last assessment sessions (for both
massage and control groups). The
participants were then asked which
face best described the way they felt at
that moment.
Hester, Nancy
Faces Rating Scale (Wong & http://www3.us.elsevierhealth.com/ Pain in Children – For assessment of
(Pain in WOW/faces.html
Baker, 1988) pediatric pain.
Children)
Quality of Life – A 33-item scale
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality.
FACT-G (Cella, 1993) htm developed to measure quality of life in
patients undergoing cancer treatment.
Spirituality Scale – 12-item scale used
alone or with the FACT-G, a general
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht
FACT-Sp (Fitchett, 1996) m measure developed for cancer
patients. (Items examine faith and
sense of purpose and meaning in life.)
Walker, Patricia
Faculty Perception of Faculty Practice: Interest, Issues and
(Fac. Practice:
Practice Questionnaire None found Impact – Measures perception of
Interest, Issues
(Steele, 1991) practice.
& Impact)
Smoking Cessation: Research on
Fagerstrőm Test of Nicotine
Relapse Crises – A 6-item scale
Dependence (FTND) www.ctri.wis.edu/Researchers/
designed to measure tobacco
(Heatherton, et al., 1991)
dependence.
Shishani, K.,
Sohn, M.,
Fagerstrom Dependence on
Okada, A., &
Tobacco Scale/FDT (MWS;
Froelicher, E.S.
Hughes, Benowitz, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/art Tobacco – Instrument used for
(Nrsg. icles/PMC1618870/
Hatsukami, Mermelstein, & measuring tobacco withdrawal.
Interventions in
Shiffman, 2004; Piper et al.,
Tobacco-
2008)
Dependent
Patients)
Quality of Life – A 20-item HIV specific
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality. subscale that is added to the FACT-G
FAHI (Cella, 1996) htm scale to assess quality of life in HIV-
positive patients.
Fleming, Preschool Children – Assessed
Falling Asleep Behavioral Juanita nighttime separation behaviors of
None found
Inventory (Stephenson, 1979) (Preschool hospitalized children whose parents did
Children) not room in.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 54
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Satisfaction – Scale developed based
on qualitative research that asked
family members to list indicators of
quality of palliative care from their
FAMCARE (Kristjanson, www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/satisfied
.htm perspective and the patient’s
1986, 1989, 1993)
perspective. List was shortened to a
20-item scale based on a Q-sort and
examination of psychometric
properties.
Miller, Lori &
Pain / Pain in Older Adults / The Sibling
Talerico, Karen
Experience of Living with Childhood
(Pain in Older
Chronic Illness and Disability – The
Adults);
Family Adaptability and FACES Scale was clearly the most
Van Riper, http://www.cancerpage.com/centers
Cohesion Scales (FACES) /pain/pediatrics_p.asp preferred scale for all age groups. This
Marcia (Sibling
(Olson, et al., 1985) scale consists of 6 cartoon faces
Experience,
ranging from a very happy, smiling face
Childhood
depicting "no pain" to a tearful, sad
Chronic Illness,
face depicting "worst pain.‖
Disability)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pub
Van Riper, med&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9451
Marcia (Sibling 371 The Sibling Experience of living with
Family APGAR for Children Experience, Childhood Chronic Illness and
http://www.aap.org/pros/cbspubl2.h
(Austin & Huberty, 1989) Childhood tm Disability – A measure of psychosocial
Chronic Illness, dysfunction.
Disability) http://archfami.ama-
assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/4/6/53
5
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=8722159&dopt=Abs Adherence to Therapy in Tuberculosis
Family APGAR Questionnaire Cohen, Felissa
tract – Measure of family functioning that
(Smilkstein, 1978; Smilkstein, (Adherence to
enables patients with family
Ashworth & Montano, 1982) Therapy in TB) http://nursing.edgewood.edu/Nursin
dysfunction to be identified.
g%20211/family_apgar_questionna
ire.htm
Family Assessment/Caregiver Well
Being/General/Interventions for
Benoliel,
Children with Diabetes and Their
Jeanne Quint www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb Families/Research in Chronic Illness –
Family Assessment Device, (Death & urden.htm
A 60-item self-report measure
Version 3 (FAD) (Epstein, Dying);
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages designed to measure family
Baldwin & Bishop, 1983) Grey, Margaret
/~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html functioning. It is designed to be used
(Diabetes
as a screen device to allow therapists
Interventions)
or researchers to identify problems in
family dynamics.
Family Assessment – Self-report
instrument that provides quantitative
indices of family strengths and
Family Assessment Feetham,
weaknesses. Basic concepts
Measure/Version III (FAM-III) Suzanne http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
/~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html assessed include task
(Skinner, Steinhauer & (Family
accomplishment, role performance,
Santa-Barbara, 1995) Assessment)
communication, affective expression,
involvement, control, and values and
norms.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 55
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 21-
item index developed to provide home
care nurses with a clinical assessment
Family Caregiving tool for measuring the outcomes of
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
Consequences Inventory urden.htm family caregiving. Home Care nurses
(FCCI) (Shyu, et al., 1999) rate a family’s caregiving outcomes on
three scales (the frail elder, the
caregiver and the family outcome
scales).
Caregiver Well Being/General – An
inventory designed to assess mutuality
and preparedness of caregivers for frail
Family Caregiving Inventory www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb older people. The overall inventory
(Archbold, et al., 1992) urden.htm contains a Mutuality Scale,
Preparedness for Caregiving Scale,
and nine scales measuring caregiver
role strain.
Caregiver Well Being/General –
Developed to assess the experience of
caregiving for persons with a variety of
disabilities and at a variety of ages.
Addresses eight empirically-derived
Family Caregiving Scale www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
urden.htm domains (the caring role, family
(Schofield, et al., 1997)
environment, emotional well-being,
health, feelings of social support and
overload, assistance with ADLs,
severity of disability, and behavior
problems).
Family Unit-Focused Research: 1984-
1991 – A 66-item, Likert-type
instrument which was developed
by a group of nurse researchers (27)
Whall, Ann & and revised on the basis of several
Loveland- studies in the US-Nordic Family
Cherry, Carol http://www.blackwell- Project. The Family dynamics measure
Family Dynamic Measure
(Family Unit- synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1471 (FDM II) includes six
(Lasky, et al., 1985) -6712.2003.00118.x
Focused bipolar dimensions of healthy family
Research/1984- systems identified by Barnhill (26):
91) individuation–enmeshment, mutuality–
isolation, flexibility–rigidity, stability–
disorganization, clear communication–
distorted communication and role
reciprocity–role conflict.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 56
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Caregiver Well Being/General / Family
Assessment / Parent-Adolescent
Communication in Nondistressed
Families/Interventions for Children with
Riesch, Susan
Diabetes and Their Families – A 90-
(Parent-
item instrument designed to measure
Adolescent www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb family environment as it is perceived by
Family Environment Scale Communication) urden.htm
family members. Consists of 10
(FES) (Moos, 1990/1974)
www.cps.nova.edu subscales (including cohesion,
Grey, Margaret
expressiveness, conflict, organization,
(Diabetes
control, independence, and
Intervention)
relationships) and has been used with
a wide variety of families (including
caregivers of patients with progressive
serious illnesses).
Family Unit-Focused Research: 1984-
1991 – A widely used family
instrument, developed to measure
social and environmental
characteristics of families. The scale is
based on a three-dimensional
conceptualization of families.
Whall, Ann & Additionally, three separate forms of
Loveland- the FES are available that
Family Environment Scale
Cherry, Carol correspondingly measure different
(Moos, 1979; Moos, Insel & http://www.cps.nova.edu/~cpphelp/
(Family Unit- FES.html aspects of these dimensions. The Real
Humphrey, 1979; Moos &
Focused Form (Form R) measures people’s
Moos, 1986)
Research/1984- perceptions of their actual family
91) environments, the Ideal Form (Form I)
rewords items to assess individuals’
perceptions of their ideal family
environment, and the Expectations
Form (Form E) instructs respondents to
indicate what they expect a family
environment will be like under, for
example, anticipated family changes.
Family Assessment – Series of multiple
Family Environment Feetham, http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages choice pictures to which a child
Scale/Children’s Version Suzanne /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html responds to measure family adaptation
(Pino, Simons & Slawinoski, (Family (ages 5-12). Designed to measure a
www.cps.nova.edu
1984) Assessment) young child’s subjective appraisal of
their family environment.
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 20-
Family Hardiness Index (FHI) www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb item instrument developed to adapt
(McCubbin, et al., 1987) urden.htm hardiness on an individual level to the
family unit.
Nursing Centers – Includes 13
interview items to assess the accuracy
of patients’ perceptions of their own
Riesch, Susan
Family Health Services http://www.doc.state.nc.us/familyse health, the appropriateness of their
(Nursing rvices/question.htm
Questionnaire health actions, their compliance with
Centers)
immunization schedules, and their
definitions of what constitutes good
health.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 57
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Caregiver and Family Burden / Quality
of Life and Caregiving in Technological
Smith, Carol Home Care – A 10-item interviewer-
Family Impact Survey www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/caregive
(Technological .htm administered questionnaire designed to
(Covinsky, 1994)
Home care) measure the financial impact and
caregiving burden of a patient’s illness
on family members.
Alzheimer’s Disease – Used to
measure family members' perceptions
of care in the following areas:
Maas, Meridean (1) satisfaction with the resident care
Family Perceptions Tool
& Buckwalter, http://www.nursing.uiowa.edu/resea environment,
(FPT) (Maas & Buckwalter, rch/fic/instruments.htm
Kathleen (2) satisfaction with physical care
1983)
(Alzheimer’s) received by the resident,
(3) satisfaction with staff relationships
with family members and resident, and
(4) satisfaction with overall care.
Family Assessment – Systematically
Family Risk Assessment www.icyf.msu.edu/family
assesses families’ strengths and needs
(Carroll & Schmitt, n.d.) in order to link to the most appropriate
level of services.
Burgener, Interventions for Persons with
Sandy & Wigg, Irreversible Dementia – Provides an
FAST-ACT Staging Prudence http://www.alzheimerjournal.com
easy-to-apply staging that falls into 3
(Reisberg, 1996, 1988) (Persons with categories: 1 – Mild to Moderate
Irreversible Dementia; 2 – Moderate to Severe; and
Dementia) 3 – Advanced to Vegetative.
Parent-Adolescent Communication in
Nondistressed Families – An 18-item
scale used to evaluate parental coping.
This self-report measure identifies
Riesch, Susan
F-COPES (Family Coping effective problem-solving and behavior
(Parent- http://www.adoptionresearch.ilstu.e
Strategies) (Hawley, Shear, du/current_projects/stress.html strategies used by families to cope with
Adolescent
Stark & Goodman, 1984) difficult family situations. The strategies
Communication)
measured are acquiring social support,
reframing, seeking spiritual support,
mobilizing family to accept help, and
appraisal.
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality. Quality of Life – A two section, 68-
htm
Ferrans and Powers Quality question instrument that measures
of Life Index (Ferrans, 1995) www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht both satisfaction with, and importance
m of, multiple domains.
Caregiver Well Being/Disease-Specific
– A 43-item questionnaire that
assesses dementia caregivers’
Finding Meaning Through
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb opinions and feelings about their
Caregiving (FMTC) (Farran, urden.htm caregiving experiences; instrument has
et al., 1999)
three subscales (loss/powerlessness,
provisional meaning, and ultimate
meaning).
Family Assessment – Self-report
inventory to assess degree to which an
Firo Awareness Scale http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
/~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html individual seeks contact with, control
(Schulz, 1978)
over and affective for others (ages 13
up).
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 58
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Pender, Nola Health Promotion – Determined
Fisher-Fairbanks Walking
(Health No found cardiovascular fitness by calculating
Test (Fairbanks, 1978/79)
Promotion) estimated maximum oxygen uptake.
http://www.entlink.net/hearingteam/
Five Minute Hearing Test
Wallhagen,
(FMHT) (American Academy http://www.entnet.org/healthinfo/he Hearing Impairment – Questionnaire to
Margaret
of Otolaryngology—Head and aring/hearing_test.cfm determine need for hearing
(Hearing
Neck Surgery and interventions.
Impairment) http://www.midwestear.com/heartes
International Hearing Society) t.htm
Patient Education – Provides the
consulting teacher 1) the ability to draw
Flanders Interaction Analysis Lindeman, http://education.utoledo.edu/par/O9 conclusions about the verbal
System (Flanders, 1965) Carol (Pt. Ed.) .pdf classroom, and 2) the ability to make
inferences about the communication
strategies fostered in the classroom.
Quality of Life – A 22-item instrument
which measures quality of life in the
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality. following domains:
FLIC (Finkelstein, 1988) htm physical/occupational function,
psychological state, sociability, and
somatic discomfort.
Wolanin, Mary
www.hsrd.ann-
Foot Assessment Tool (King, Opal arbor.med.va.gov/QUERI/final_prov Assesses foot problems of the elderly.
1978) (Geriatric ider_survey_FSAT.doc
Nursing)
Rural Health – To report findings on
Utz, Sharon
self-care practices related to foot care
Williams (Nsg.
of 61 rural people with diabetes
(Siriraj) Foot Care Score Res. to Meet
http://www.o-wm.com/article/82 mellitus. Compares self-care by those
Questionnaire (Neil, 2002) Hlth. Care
with and without foot ulcers.Subscales:
Needs of Rural
Inspection, cleaning, nail cutting, and
Populations)
going barefoot.
http://www3.us.elsevierhealth.com/
Hester, Nancy WOW/faces.html
Four Faces Tool (Alyea, Pain in Children – Measure of
(Pain in
1978) http://www3.us.elsevierhealth.com/ children’s pain using faces/graphics.
Children)
WOW/facesReproductions.html
Alzheimer’s Disease – Measures
function, reason, orientation, memory,
arithmetic, judgment, and emotions.
one of the few instruments that
Maas, Meridean assess both mental functioning and
& Buckwalter, www.charmeck.nc.us/ cognitive impairment simultaneously
FROMAJE (Libow, 1981)
Kathleen designed to assess mental status,
(Alzheimer’s) cognitive impairment, dementia, and
depression, covers reasoning skills,
orientation, long and short-term
memory, mathematical and judgment
skills, and emotional status
Caregiver Well Being/Disease-Specific
– A 9-item scale adapted from the
Emotional Response to Stigmatization
Frustration Scale (Motenko, www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb Scale to measure frustration among
1989) urden.htm caregivers of husbands with dementia.
Scale is intended to assess emotional
response toward the care receiver’s
illness.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 59
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Elder Mistreatment – 34-item scale
designed to elicit information regarding
Fulmer Restriction Scale Fulmer, Terry
http://www.nap.edu/books/0309084 unnecessary restriction in the older
(FRS) (Fulmer & Gurland, (Elder 342/html/167.html adult. Assessment of physical,
1996) Mistreatment)
psychological, and financial restriction
of older adults.
Alzheimer’s Disease – Was developed
to address all of the behaviors of
demented patients that influence their
Maas, Meridean
Functional Abilities Checklist abilities to function in their
& Buckwalter, http://www.midwestgcm.org/article_
(FAC) (Maas & Buckwalter, 2.htm environment. The 5 areas included in
Kathleen
1990) the FAC: self-care abilities,
(Alzheimer’s)
inappropriate behaviors, cognitive
status, agitation behaviors, and sexual
behaviors.
McCain, Nancy Psychoneuroimmunological Studies IN
& Zeller, Janice HIV Disease – assess generic and
Functional Assessment of
(Psychoneuro- http://www.outcomes- disease-specific HRQL for patients with
HIV Infection Scale (Cella, trust.org/monitor/1198mon.htm
immunological chronic illnesses, including cancer,
1992)
Studies in HIV multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease
Disease) and HIV infection.
Quality of Life and the Spectrum of HIV
Infection – The Functional
Independence Measure(TM) (Guide for
the Uniform Data Set for Medical
Rehabilitation, 1996) is the most widely
Holzemer,
Functional Independence accepted functional assessment
William &
Measure (O’Dell, Crawford, http://www.tbims.org/combi/FIM/ measure in use in the rehabilitation
Wilson, Holly
Bohi & Bonner, 1991) community. The FIM(TM) is an 18-item
(QOL & HIV)
ordinal scale, used with all diagnoses
within a rehabilitation population. It is
viewed as most useful for assessment
of progress during inpatient
rehabilitation.
Functional Living Index – Holzemer,
Cancer (Portenoy, Thaler, William &
Quality of Life and the Spectrum of HIV
Kornblith, Lepore, Wilson, Holly
Infection / Vulnerable Populations –
Friedlander-Klar, Kiyasu, et (QOL & HIV); http://www.atsqol.org/flic.asp
Cancer-specific, functionally-oriented
al, 1994; H Schipper, J Portillo, CJ, et al
quality of life instrument.
Clinch, A McMurray, M Levitt, (HIV
1984) Symptoms)
Maintaining and Improving Physical
Function in Elders – A self-report
Bennett, Jill measure of functional performance
(Maintaining & developed from an explicit analytical
Functional Performance
Improving framework 1 and COPD patients
Inventory (Leidy & Haase, http://www.atsqol.org/fpi.asp
Physical themselves. Performance is defined as
1999)
Function in the day-to-day activities patients do to
Elders) meet basic needs, fulfill usual roles,
and maintain their health and well-
being.
http://www.injuryresearch.bc.ca/Pu Patient Safety – A measure of balance
Functional Reach Test Currie, Leanne, blications/Repository/Functional%2 and is the difference, in inches,
(Duncan, Weiner, Chandler (Fall & Injury 0Reach%20Test.pdf between arm's length and maximal
and Studenski, 1990) Prevention) forward reach, using a fixed base of
support.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 60
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Functional Status – Assesses physical
Functional Status and cognitive disability in terms of
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/function.
Independence Measure (FIM) htm burden of care. It has been used to
(Hamilton, 1987) monitor patient progress and to assess
outcomes of rehabilitation.
Nursing Research on Patient Falls in
Morse, Janice
Gait Assessment Rating Healthcare Institutions – An
(Nsg. Res. On http://www.ptjournal.org/Sept96/VA
Score (Wolfson, Whipple, NSWE.cfm assessment of gait designed to predict
Pt. Falls in
Amerman & Tobin, 1990) risk of falling among community-
Hlthcare Inst.)
dwelling, frail older persons.
Trust – Used in undergraduate
General Disclosiveness Scale students’ perceptions of the degree to
(GDS) and Self-Disclosure www.character.org/resources/asses which they disclose information about
Scale (RSDS) (Wheeless, sment/ themselves, the level of trust for others,
1978) and solidarity. The RSDS references
specific target individuals.
Special Populations - There are two
versions of the General Ethnicity
Questionnaire, one "original" version
and one "abridged" version. The
"original" version includes: (1) a
question asking participants what their
"culture" means to them, and (2) 75
multiple choice questions that ask
about participants' language use, social
affiliation, engagement in cultural
practices, and cultural identification.
The American version of the
questionnaire includes several
General Ethnicity http://www-
additional items that assess what
Questionnaire (Tsai, Ying & psych.stanford.edu/~tsailab/GEQ.ht
ml "being American" means to
Lee, 2000)
respondents. The "abridged" version
was developed in collaboration with
Yu-Wen Ying and Peter A. Lee for use
with Chinese Americans. The
"abridged" version includes 37 items (a
subset of the original 75 multiple choice
questions), plus one item that asks
participants whether or not they are
bilingual. To date, most studies that
have used the GEQ have used the
abridged version. Therefore, only the
abridged version is available for use at
this time.
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h
tm Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms /
General Health Questionnaire Alzheimer’s Disease – A self-
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/emotion.
(GHQ) (Goldberg, 1972; htm administered instrument designed to
Goldberg & Williams, 1988) detect depression, anxiety, social
www.webenet.com/geriatricscales.h impairment, and hypochondriasis.
tm
General Sleep Disturbance Lee, Kathryn
Sleep and Fatigue – Used to assess
Scale (GSDS) (Lee & (Sleep & None Found
sleep problems.
DeJoseph, 1992) Fatigue)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 61
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Parsons, L.
General Sleep Habits Claire & Kidd,
http://www.americansleepassociatio
Questionnaire (Monroe, Pamela Stinson n.org/research.htm Neurological Nursing Research –
1967) (Neuro. Nsg.
Res.)
Family – These two combined measure
the level of occurrence of positive
General Well Being (GWB)/
http://www.wilderdom.com/tools/To psychological well-being during the
Mental Health Index (MHI) olsSummaries.html past month (or other time frame) and
(Heubeck & Neill, 2000)
the level of occurrence of psychological
distress during the same time frame.
Newman, Health Conceptualization –
Geriatric Assessment
Margaret (Hlth. http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc Assessment and behavioral treatment
Inventory (Schnelle & ales.htm
Conceptualiza- of urinary incontinence in geriatric
Traughber, 1983)
tion) patients.
Health Conceptualization – Research
Newman, instrument in social gerontology, a
Geriatric Behavior Rating Margaret (Hlth. http://www.slackbooks.com/excerpt quick screening instrument that
Scale (Parachek, 1974) Conceptualiza- s/36208/36208.asp includes 10 multiple choice items
tion) related to physical condition, self-care,
and social behaviors.
Cognitive Intervention among Older
http://www.stanford.edu/~yesavage Adults / Emotional Symptoms/
/GDS.html Alzheimer’s Disease – Simple scale
developed to diagnose depression in
http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/geratol/GDS
doc.htm
older persons. Scale was developed as
McDougall, a basic screening measure for
Geriatric Depression Scale Graham, Jr., http://www.hartfordign.org/publicati depression in older adults. Ideal for
(Yesavage, et al., 1983) (Cognitive ons/trythis/issue04.pdf evaluating the clinical severity of
Intervention) www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/emotion.
depression, and therefore for
htm monitoring treatment. It is easy to
administer, needs no prior psychiatric
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc knowledge and has been well validated
ales.htm
in many environments – home and
clinical.
Alzheimer’s Disease – Is one of the
most widely used instruments for
Geriatric Mental State
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc measuring a wide range of
Schedule (GMSS) (Copeland, ales.htm psychopathology in older people in all
et al., 1976)
settings, but most importantly in
community surveys.
Pain in Older Adults – A 24-item
instrument which was pilot-tested on
ambulatory geriatric clinic patients with
Miller, Lori & http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ multiple health problems. It included
Geriatric Pain Measure Talerico, Karen query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=11129760&dopt=Ab five subscales – Disengagement
(GPM) (Ferrell, et al., 2000) (Pain in Older
stract because of Pain, Pain Intensity, Pain
Adults)
with Ambulation, Pain with Strenuous
Activities, and Pain with Other
Activities.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 62
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
ales.htm
Maas, Meridean
& Buckwalter, http://www.geriatric-
Kathleen resources.com/html/bcrs.html
Geriatric Rating Scale (Kane Alzheimer’s Disease / Health
(Alzheimer’s);
& Kane, 1981; Plutchik, et al., http://acqol.deakin.edu.au/instrume Conceptualization – Assessment of
Newman, nts/scale_details.php?id=508
1970) depression in geriatric patients.
Margaret (Hlth.
Conceptualiza- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
tion)
Med&list_uids=7045090&dopt=Abs
tract
Shishani, K.,
Sohn, M.,
Okada, A., &
GHPS/Global Professional Tobacco – A 66-item survey
Froelicher, E.S.
health Survey (CDC, WHO, & http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveilla questionnaire, used to collect data on
(Nrsg. nce/ghps/en/index.html
Canadian Public Health tobacco use and cessation counseling
Interventions in
Association; 2004) from healthcare professional students.
Tobacco-
Dependent
Patients)
Gills Child Anxiety Scale Snyder, Mariah http://www.pace411.com/newsletter
2.html Relaxation – Measure of child anxiety.
(Gills, 1980) (Relaxation)
Neurological Nursing Research – Was
commonly used before other scales
were developed. As a brief descriptive
outcome scale, it has been replaced by
the DRS, although it is still seen
Parsons, L. occasionally in the literature, especially
Claire & Kidd, http://www.tbims.org/combi/gos/ in studies investigating early acute
Glascow Outcome Scale
Pamela Stinson http://www.strokecenter.org/trials/sc medical predictors of gross outcome.
(Jennett & Bond, 1975)
(Neuro. Nsg. ales/glasgow_outcome.html The five categories of the original scale
Res.) are: dead, vegetative, severely
disabled, moderately disabled, and
good recovery. An extended version of
the scale divides each of the latter
three categories in two, making eight
categories.
Neurological Nursing Research – The
most widely used scoring system used
Parsons, L. in quantifying level of consciousness
Claire & Kidd, http://rnbob.tripod.com/glascow.htm following traumatic brain injury. It is
Glasgow Coma Scale
Pamela Stinson http://www.ssgfx.com/CP2020/medt used primarily because it is simple, has
(Teasdale and Jennett, 1974)
(Neuro. Nsg. ech/glossary/glasgow.htm a relatively high degree of inter-
Res) observer reliability and because it
correlates well with outcome following
severe brain injury.
Global Assessment
Relational Functioning
www.therapeuticresources.com Family Assessment –
(GARF) Scale (Yingling, et
al., n.d.)
Chronic Mental Illness – The GAF is a
100-point tool rating overall
Global Assessment Scale Fox, Jeanne
http://depts.washington.edu/wimirt/I psychological, social and occupational
(GAS) (Endicott, Spitzer, (Chronic Mental ndex.htm functioning of people over 18 years of
Fliess & Cohen, 1976) Illness)
age and older. It excludes physical and
environmental impairment
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 63
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Nursing Research in Philippines – The
20-item Global Mood Scale (GMS)
Williams, measures negative affect
Global Mood Scale Phoebe D. http://mtdesk.com/lstpsych.shtml
(characterized by fatigue and malaise),
(Torrance, 1968) (Nsg. Res. in as well as positive affect (characterized
Philippines) by energy and sociability). Was used
to measure postoperative behavior in
this instance.
Lang, N., &
Nursing Care Quality Assessment –
Goal Attainment Scale (Guy Clinton, J. www.the2professors.com Measures of affective, cognitive, and
& Moore, 1982) (Nsg. Care
behavioral functioning.
Quality Assess.)
Garvin, Bonnie
& Kennedy,
Goldfarb Mental Status
Carol
Questionnaire (Kahn, http://nhscrd.york.ac.uk/online/dare/ Interpersonal Communication between
(Interpersonal
Goldfarb, Polack & Peck, 20016084.htm Nurses and Patients –
Communication
1960)
between Nurses
& Patients)
Preschool Children – Projective test
http://libraries.uta.edu/helen/test&m used to assess personality. Person is
Fleming, eas/Table%20of%20contents/Bowe required to draw a person of either sex,
Goodenough Draw-a-Person Juanita rsThompsonMiller1992.htm
then to draw one of the other sexes.
Tests (Goodenough, 1926) (Preschool
http://adc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/cont These figures reportedly project the
Children) ent/abstract/archdischild;54/11/880 person's feelings through his
perception of body images.
Nursing Education – A personality
Schwirian, inventory, the GPP assesses four
Gordon Personal Profile
Patricia (Nrsg. http://www.jasnh.com/a1.htm personality variables: ascendancy,
(Gordon, 1963)
Student Res.) responsibility, emotional stability, and
sociability.
Whall, Ann &
Gortner Values in the Choice Loveland- Family Unit-Focused Research: 1984-
of Treatment Inventory Cherry, Carol http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ 1991 – Measures values related to the
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
(Gortner, Hudes & Zyzanski, (Family Unit- Med&list_uids=3260668&dopt=Abs choice of treatment (i.e., the choice of
1984; Gortner & Zyzanski, Focused tract surgical or medical treatment for
1988) Research/1984- coronary artery disease).
91)
Socialization and Roles – Used to
Conway, Mary ascertain whether freshmen nursing
Gough & Heilbrun Adjective http://aac.ncat.edu/newsnotes/y02f
(Socialization & all.html students differed in their descriptions of
Checklist (ACL)
Roles) the ideal nurse, includes 300 personal
attitude items.
Variable Costs of Nursing Care in
Sovie, Margaret http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Hospitals – Patient classification within
GRASP Patient Classification
(Costs of Nsg. query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub nursing; defined nursing care
System (Arndt & Skydell, Med&list_uids=3635153&dopt=Abs
Care in requirements to include indirect as well
1985) tract
Hospitals) as direct care expressed in hours
rather than clinical care units.
Nursing & Parent Experience – A 14-
item instrument that measures a
Gratification Checklist http://www.mcnjournal.com woman’s satisfaction with her maternal
(Mercer, 1985)
role and her feelings of enjoyment
regarding this new role.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 64
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Menopause – Used to complete a
Greene Climacteric Scale www.ccwu.edu/Thesis_Caico/disse
rtation.htm profile of a woman’s symptoms as well
(Green, 1976)
as her perception of her quality of life.
A 135-item scale covering 7 content
Grief Experience Inventory Benoliel, www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/grief.ht
areas – somatic concerns, emotions,
(GEI) (Sanders, Mauger & Jeanne Quint ml
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ interpersonal relationships, thought
Strong, 1979) (Death & Dying)
content, funeral, religion, and denial.
Constructed to look at the differences
Grief Experience in grief of suicide survivors from other
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/grief.ht
Questionnaire (GEQ) ml types of death; it does measure
(Barrett, 1989) aspects of grief appropriate for all types
of loss.
Grief Resolution Index (GRI) www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/grief.ht Measures how well a widow has come
(Remondet, 1985) ml to terms with death.
Staff Turnover – A single, 5-pointn
http://www.cancersourcern.com/Nur Likert-type item intended to measure
Group Cohesion Scale (GCS)
sing/CE/CECourse.cfm?courseid=1 the likelihood that an employee will
(Bryne, 1961) 47&contentid=27545 resign from a job within the next 6
months.
Human Information Processing – It was
developed for research into cognitive
functioning, but it has become a
recognized tool for exploring analytical
ability, social behavior, body concept,
preferred defense mechanism and
http://www.mindgarden.com/produc problem solving style as well as other
Group Embedded Figures Roy, Sister ts/gefts.htm
areas. The GEFT is a 25-item
Test (Witkin, Altman, Raskin Callista (Human
http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/ assessment contained in a 32-page
& Karp, 1971) Info Processing)
per_test.html#61 non-reusable booklet. It tests the
ability to find a simple form when it is
hidden within a complex pattern. The
examinee is expected to find a given
simple form in a given complex figure
and trace it in pencil directly over the
lines of the complex figure.
Social Climate – Assesses 10
dimensions of the social climate of
Group Environment Scales www.chce.research.med.va.gov/
psychotherapy and mutual support
(GES) (Moos, 1993) groups, task-oriented groups such as
health care staff teams, and social-
recreational groups.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 65
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Tobacco – Includes both school-based
and household-based surveys. School-
based surveys include:
Global Youth Tobacco Survey
(GYTS)
Global School Personnel
Rice, Virginia Survey (GSPS)
Hill (Building the Global Health Professions
GTSS/Global Tobacco
State of the Student Survey (GHPSS)
Surveillance System (WHO, http://www.cdc.gov/Tobacco/global/
Science/ gtss/index.htm Household-based surveys include:
CDC & Canadian Public
Health Assn., 1999)
Monitoring the Global Adult Tobacco Survey
Tobacco (GATS)
Epidemic) The purpose of the GTSS is to
enhance countries' capacity to monitor
tobacco use, guide national tobacco
prevention, and control programs, and
facilitate comparison of tobacco-related
data at the national, regional, and
global levels.
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 3-
item scale designed to measure guilt
Guilt Scale (Wells & Jorm, www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb felt as a result of the caregiving role.
1987) urden.htm Although designed for use among
caregivers of dementia patients, the
items are not disease-specific.
Family Unit-Focused Research: 1984-
Whall, Ann & 1991 – A readability test designed to
Loveland- show how easy or difficult a text is to
Cherry, Carol http://www.usingenglish.com/glossa read. It uses the following formula:
ry/fog-index.html
Gunning Fog Index (Family Unit- Reading Level (Grade) = (Average
Focused http://lfa.atu.edu/Brucker/Fog.html No. of words in sentences /
Research/1984- Percentage of words of three or more
91) syllables) x 0.4. The resulting
number is your Gunning Fog Index
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Nursing & Parent Experience – Was
H & H Lactation Scale (Hill & Med&list_uids=8637793&dopt=Abs developed to measure perceived infant
Humenick, 1996) tract satisfaction, maternal satisfaction and
maternal confidence.
http://www.mcnjournal.com
Elder Mistreatment – For assessing
Fulmer, Terry http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ elder mistreatment in the family.
H.A.L.F. Tool (Ferguson & query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
(Elder Med&list_uids=6554225&dopt=Abs Acronym refers to assessment of
Beck, 1983)
Mistreatment) tract Health status, Attitudes toward aging,
Living arrangements, and Finances.
Ryan-Wenger,
Habitual Somatic Discomfort http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Psychogenic Pain in Children –
Nancy
Questionnaire (HSDQ) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub measure of relation between habitual
(Psychogenic Med&list_uids=1593513&dopt=Abs
(Rauste-von Wright & von somatic discomfort and indicators of
Pain in tract
Wright, 1981) psychosocial adjustment.
Children)
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/ Alzheimer’s Disease – A brief
Hamilton Depression Rating cgi- instrument for quantifying depression
bin/abstract/80002420/ABSTRACT
Scale (HDRS) (Hamilton, that may confound cognitive test
1960) http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc performances. It is the gold standard
ales.htm of observer-rated depression.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 66
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
McCain, Nancy
http://www.healthtechsys.com/ivr/as Psychoneuroimmunological Studies IN
& Zeller, Janice
sess/ivrhamd.html HIV Disease – A 17-item scale that
Hamilton Depression Rating (Psychoneuro-
evaluates depressed mood, vegetative
Scale (Williams, 1988) immunological http://healthnet/umassmed.edu/mh and cognitive symptoms of depression,
Studies in HIV ealthHAMD.pdf
and comorbid anxiety symptoms.
Disease)
Harter’s Perceived Self-Esteem – A 28-item scale, often-
www.character.org/resources/asses
Competence Scale for sment/ used measure of school competence in
Children (Harter, 1982) children.
http://www.leaonline.com/doi/pdf/10
.1207/s15327752jpa6501_8?cookie
Set=1
Harter’s Self-Perception Grey, Margaret Research in Chronic Illness – Measure
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/H
Profile for Adolescents (Diabetes ome.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabe of social acceptance and romantic
(Harter, 1988) Interventions) l=RecordDetails&ERICExtSearch_ appeal in this age group.
SearchValue_0=EJ465090&ERICE
xtSearch_SearchType_0=eric_accn
o&objectId=0900000b800363da
http://www.pedorthopaedics.com/pt/
re/jpedortho/abstract.00004694-
Van Riper, 200501000-
00015.htm;jsessionid=C7gNbnGbO The Sibling Experience of living with
Marcia (Sibling
Harter’s Self-Perception dsvrBmNQlqZ5VLF41VJPSgsJZy7r Childhood Chronic Illness and
Experience,
Profile for Children (Harter, PHt0o08pjKEgt2f!-796981593!- Disability – A measure of self-
Childhood 949856031!9001!-1
1985) perception in relation to chronic illness
Chronic Illness,
http://www.alspac.bris.ac.uk/protoc or disability.
Disability)
ol/Appendix9/behaviour_attitudes.s
html
Physiological Responses to Stress –
Doswell, Willa 117-items used to measure the
Hassles Scale (Delongis,
(Phys. http://www.mindgarden.com/produc frequency and severity of a person's
Coyne, Dakof, Folkman, ts/hsups.htm
Responses to transactions with the environment
Lazarus, 1982)
Stress) that are considered by the person to
be stressful events or ―hassles.‖
Health Disparities – The Hazuda scale
assessed the following dimensions of
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ acculturation: adult proficiency in
Porter, Cornelia query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub English, adult pattern of English versus
& Barbee, Med&list_uids=8562221&dopt=Cita Spanish language usage, value placed
tion
Hazuda Scale (Devo, Diehl, Evelyn (Health on preserving Mexican cultural origin,
Hazuda, & Stein, 1985) Disparities, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ attitude toward traditional family
Race & Racism, query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub structure and sex-role organization,
2004) Med&list_uids=3966599&dopt=Abs and adult interaction with members of
tract
mainstream society. Hazuda scale was
developed for the San Antonio Heart
Study.
Vulnerable Populations – Instrument
used in research to assess HIV/AIDS-
Portillo, CJ, et al
HCSUS Symptom Measure http://archpsyc.ama- related symptoms. It assesses the
(HIV assn.org/cgi/content/full/58/8/721
(Mathews, et al, 2000) presence and bothersomeness of 14
Symptoms)
symptoms experienced during the
preceding six months.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 67
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Leadership in Nursing – HNBDS
assesses the psychological
atmosphere of the ward/unit. Consists
Head Nurse Behavior
of 45 questions in 4 subscales:
Description Scales (NHBDS),
McCloskey, consideration, aloofness, thrust, and
Nurse Performance
Joanne Comi & production emphasis. NPDS and
Description Scales (NPDS),
Molen, Marilyn None found DSNP assess nurse performance.
and Descriptive Scales for
(Leadership in NPDS has 5 subscales: professional
Nursing Performance (DSNP)
Nursing) orientation, thrust, consideration,
(Dyer, Cope, Monson & Van
clinical competence, leading, and
Drimmelen, 1972)
teaching. DSNP has 16 subscales
including group leadership and
leadership adroitness.
Functioning and Distress – A structured
assessment for patient and community
groups that assesses health-related
Health and Daily Living Form www.chce.reserach.med.va.gov/
factors such as alcohol consumption,
(HDL) (Moos & Moos, 1983) drinking problems and depression.
Also include indices of social
functioning, acute and chronic life
stressors, and social resources.
Arthritis / Quality of Life and the
Spectrum of HIV Infection – The HAQ
was developed as a comprehensive
measure of outcome in patients with a
wide variety of rheumatic diseases,
Lambert, Vickie including rheumatoid arthritis,
(Arthritis) osteoarthritis, juvenile rheumatoid
Health Assessment http://www.hqlo.com/content/1/1/20 arthritis, lupus, scleroderma,
Questionnaire (HAQ) (Fries,
Holzemer, http://aramis.stanford.edu/HAQ.htm ankylosing spondylitis, fibromyalgia,
Spitz & Young, 1982; Lubeck
William & l and psoriatic arthritis. It has also been
& Fries, 1992, 1993)
Wilson, Holly applied to patients with HIV/AIDS and
(QOL & HIV) in studies of normal aging. It should be
considered a generic rather than a
disease-specific instrument. Its focus is
on self-reported patient-oriented
outcome measures, rather than
process measures.
Nursing Research in Korea –
Choi, Elizabeth
Health Belief Instrument Measured the constructs of
(Nsg. Res. in http://www.jnsdonline.com
(Moon, 1990) susceptibility, severity benefits,
Korea)
barriers, and health motivation.
Pender, Nola Health Promotion – Developed in field
Health Belief Model (Becker, http://www.etr.org/recapp/theories/h
(Health bm/HowDeveloped.htm of public health on preventive
1974; Rosenstock, 1966)
Promotion) behaviors.
Alzheimer’s Disease – A 12-item score
dealing with the following aspects of
the mental state and living situation:
aggression, self-harm, drug and
Health of the Nation Outcome alcohol use, cognitive problems,
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
Scale 65+ (HoNOS 65+) ales.htm physical illness and disability,
(Burns, et al., 1999) hallucinations and delusions,
depression, other symptoms,
relationships, activities of daily living,
residential environment, and daytime
activities.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 68
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Designed to measure multiple aspects
of people’s health-related tendencies.
Consists of 10 health-oriented
subscales, each containing 5 items –
personal health consciousness, health
Health Orientation Scale http://www4.semo.edu/snell/scales/
HOS.htm image concerns, health anxiety, health
(Snell, 1996)
esteem and confidence, motivation to
avoid unhealthiness, motivation for
healthiness, health internal control,
health external control, health
expectations, and health status.
Special Populations – An outcomes
measurement tool that yields a profile
of scores on eight health attributes, an
Esperat, M,
index of health status change, and an
Inouye, J,
indication of risk for the presence of a
Gonzalez, E,
depressive disorder. This instrument is
Health Perception Owen, D &
http://www.pearsonassessments.co designed to be easily administered via
Questionnaire 2.0 (Pearson Feng, D (Health m/tests/hsq_2.htm self-report, personal interview, or
Assessments) Disparities
telephone interview. Designed as a
Among Asian-
general outcomes measure to be used
Am & Pacific
in all settings that provide primary or
Islanders)
mental health care services, it captures
aspects of both physical and emotional
health.
Interventions for Women as Family
Bull, Margaret http://www.findarticles.com/p/article
Health Promoting Behavior Caregivers – Measures health work,
(Interventions s/mi_m0DFY/is_09_99/ai_5555856
Scale (n.d.) 0#continue the process by which families work
for Caregivers)
together to promote their health.
Health Promotion in Old Age – A 48-
item scale assessing the frequency of
Health Promoting Lifestyle Heidrich, Susan
http://www.findarticles.com/p/article health-promoting behaviors in six
Profile (HPLP) (Walker, (Health
s/mi_qa3919/is_200207/ai_n91207 areas: self-actualization, health
Sechrist & Pender; 1987, Promotion in 04/pg_2 responsibility, exercise, nutrition,
1990) Old Age)
interpersonal support, and stress
management.
Pender, Nola
Health Promotion Model http://www.nursing.umich.edu/facult Health Promotion – To determine
(Health y/pender_nola.html
(Pender, 1982) health promoting actions.
Promotion)
Health Conceptualization – Measure of
physiologic adaptation to diagnosis. It
was developed to measure the effects
Newman, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ of hardiness in individuals with actual
Health Related Hardiness Margaret (Hlth. query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub health problems. Items were
Scale (Kobasa, 1979) Conceptualiza- Med&list_uids=2367202&dopt=Abs generated that measured the presence,
tract
tion) rather than absence, of the hardiness
dimensions based on theoretical
definitions of health-related control,
commitment, and challenge.
McCain, Nancy
& Zeller, Janice http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Psychoneuroimmunological Studies IN
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Health Related Hardiness (Psychoneuro- HIV Disease – Developed to measure
Med&list_uids=2367202&dopt=Abs
Scale (Pollack & Dufty, 1990) immunological tract the effects of hardiness in individuals
Studies in HIV with actual health problems.
Disease)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 69
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Developmental Assets – The 54-item
instrument is made up of five
Health Resources Inventory www.character.org/resources/asses
sment/ dimensions of competency: Good
(Gesten, 1976)
Student, Gutsy, Peer Sociability, Rules,
and Frustration Tolerance.
Sills, Grayce
(Community Community Nursing / Health Promotion
Nsg); www.employerhealth.com and Disease Prevention in the Worksite
Health Risk Appraisal (HRA)
Lusk, Sally – A structured assessment of risks,
Tools www.uvsc.edu/wellness/healthrisk/
(Worksite lifestyles, and behaviors, used as a
Health strategy for health needs assessment.
Promotion)
Giovannetti,
Health Status Dimension
Phyllis (Eval. Of http://medicine.ucsd.edu Evaluation of Primary Nursing –
Scale (Horn & Swain, 1977)
Primary Nsg.)
http://www.vanderbilt.edu/nursing/k Health Promotion – Intended to
Pender, Nola wallston/FAQMHLC.htm
Health Value Scale (Wallston, measure the value placed on health in
(Health
Maides & Wallston, 1976) http://www.vanderbilt.edu/nursing/k relation to nine other values (e.g.,
Promotion)
wallston/mhlcbibliography.htm freedom, happiness, and self-respect).
Hearing Impairment – A standardized
Hearing Handicap Inventory questionnaire to aid the clinician to
http://www.audiologyonline.com/arti
for Adults (Newman, et al., cles/arc_disp.asp?id=236 determine the problems the patient is
1991) experiencing prior to and following the
hearing aid fitting.
Hearing Impairment – A standardized
Wallhagen,
Hearing Handicap Inventory questionnaire to aid the clinician to
Margaret http://www.audiologyonline.com/arti
for the Elderly (Ventry & cles/arc_disp.asp?id=236 determine the problems the patient is
(Hearing
Weinstein, 1982) experiencing prior to and following the
Impairment)
hearing aid fitting.
Heart Failure Functional Uncertainty in Acute Illness – Peak
Mishel, Merle
Status Inventory (Dracup, http://www.hsrd.research.va.gov/re oxygen consumption via
(Uncertainty in search/abstracts/NRI_96-031.htm
Walden, Stevenson & Brecht, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, 6-
Acute Illness)
1992) minute walk test.
Spirituality Scale – 12-item interviewing
containing 3 dimensions: temporality
Herth Hope Index (HHI) www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht and future, positive readiness and
(Herth, 1990) m expectance, and interconnectedness;
tested on family caregivers of
terminally ill persons.
Rating scale included two satisfiers
Hinshaw & www.valuebasedmanagement.net/ (e.g., motivators) and hygiene factors
Herzberg Two-Factor Theory
Atwood methods_herzberg_two_factor_the (e.g., pay); used for job satisfaction in
(Herzberg, 1968) ory.html
(Nursing Staff) professional nursing and health care
settings.
Fleming, Preschool Children – The Poker Chip
Hester Poker Chip Tool Juanita http://www.painresearch.utah.edu/c Tool consists of four red poker chips
(Hester, 1975) (Preschool ancerpain/ch14.html that represent pieces of hurt, used to
Children) measure intensity of pain.
http://jom.sagepub.com/cgi/content/ A Job diagnostic survey. (In
Higher Order Need Strength refs/18/3/575
―Handbook of Tests and Measurement
Measure B (Hackman &
http://www.library.wwu.edu/ref/subj in Education and the Social Sciences,‖
Oldham, 1974)
guides/testing/education.html by Lester & Lloyd, 1997.)
Family Assessment – A 310-question,
Hilson Adolescent Profile
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages self-report personality inventory
(Inwald, Brobst & Morrissey, /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html designed to measure emotional and
1987)
behavioral difficulties for adolescents.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 70
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Tobacco – Survey focused on cancer-
relevant knowledge, attitudes, beliefs,
Rice, Virginia
and on tobacco use behaviors
Hill (Building the
HINTS/Health Information including cigarette use, numbers of
State of the http://www.gwu.edu/~cih/journal/co
National Trends Survey, cigarettes smoked, quit attempts, and
Science/ ntents/V11/SUPP/abstracts_v11sup
(National Cancer Institute, p.htm attitudes toward use of alternative
Monitoring the
2003) tobacco products such as potentially
Tobacco
reduced exposure products in
Epidemic)
noninstitutional adults, ages 18 and
older.
Quality of Life and the Spectrum of HIV
HIV Overview of Problems -
Infection – The HOPES is a self-report
Evaluation System (HOPES) Holzemer, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ HIV-specific quality of life (QOL)
(Ganz, Schag-Coscarelli, William & query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=8763802&dopt=Abs questionnaire including five scales:
Kahn, Pterson & Hirji, 1993; Wilson, Holly
tract physical, psycho-social and sexual
Schag-coscarelli, Ganz, Kahn (QOL & HIV)
functioning, medical interaction and
& Peterson, 1992)
partner relationship.
Vulnerable Populations – Instrument
HIV Symptom Index (Whalen, Portillo, CJ, et al used in research to assess HIV/AIDS-
http://www.qolid.org/instruments/hiv
Antani, Carey & Landefield, (HIV _symptom_index_hiv_si related symptoms. It assesses the
1994) Symptoms) frequency of 12 common HIV
symptoms.
Garvin, Bonnie
& Kennedy,
Carol www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Interpersonal Communication between
Hogan Empathy Scale
(Interpersonal http://www.hoganassessments.com Nurses and Patients – Measure of
(Hogan, 1969)
Communication /HPIScales.aspx empathy
between Nurses
& Patients)
Childhood and Adolescent
Bereavement – A 109-item instrument
used to measure grief response. It has
a 5-point response scale and can be
used as a whole or divided into five
subscales (peer relations, family,
school, self-concept, and grief
Opie, Nancy
Hogan Sibling Inventory of reactions).
(Childhood & http://www.columbia.edu/cu/csswp/j
Bereavement (HSIB) (Hogan, ournal/news1996/grief.html It was designed for use with young
Adolescent
1988) adolescents who have lost a sibling,
Bereavement)
but it is used for young people whose
siblings' deaths were expected after a
long illness. It has not been used in
inner city populations of children or with
children who suffer sudden and/or
unexpected losses. In addition, the
measure has not been widely used.
Contains seven primary scales
(adjustment, ambition, sociability,
interpersonal sensitivity, prudence,
Hogan’s Personality www.hoganassessments.com/HPI. inquisitive, learning approach) and six
Inventory (HPI) aspx occupational scales (service
orientation, stress tolerance, reliability,
clerical potential, sales potential,
managerial potential).
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 71
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Conway, Mary
Hogan’s Professionalism Test http://www.hoganassessments.com Socialization and Roles – Measure of
(Socialization & /HPIScales.aspx
(1972) professionalism
Roles)
Childhood and Adolescent
Opie, Nancy http://acqol.deakin.edu.au/instrume Bereavement – Is designed to measure
Hollingshead Index of Social (Childhood & nts/scale_details.php?id=46 social class, conceptualized as a
Position (Hollingshead, 1957) Adolescent weighted combination of residential
Bereavement) address, occupational position and
educational attainment.
Doctoral Education – Not tested, but
could be useful in a comprehensive
description of nursing doctoral
http://www.uic.edu/depts/oce/OCE education programs and their products,
Murphy, Juanita web/04FA/Mitchell#20 the examination and specification of
Holzemer Model (Holzemer,
(Doctoral Ed. of relationships among the various
1982) http://nurseweb.ucsf.edu/www/ffhol
Nurses) concepts included in the model, the
zm.htm
prediction of different outcomes
associated with various programs, and
program management and decision
making based on data.
Home Care Client Satisfaction – Ware satisfaction survey
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/satisfied
Satisfaction Instrument .htm modified to examine satisfaction with
(Westra, 1995) home care.
Fleming,
Juanita
(Preschool
Home Observation for Infants & Young Children / Parenting
Children);
Measuring the Environment www.uair.edu/%7ecrt/dept/home4.h the Prematurely Born Child – Measures
Holditch-Davis, tm
(HOME) (Caldwell, 1970; of the growth-fostering environment of
Diane & Miles,
Bradley & Caldwell, 1977) children from birth to 3 years.
M (Parenting
Prematurely
Born Child)
Honesty in Temptation Honesty Instrument – Six measures of
www.character.org/resources/asses
Situations Scale (Nelson, sment/ honesty, each giving the subject an
Grinder & Mutterer, 1969) opportunity to cheat on a given test.
Hahn, E.J.,
Ashford, K.B.,
Okoli, C.T.C., Tobacco – A validated measure of
Rayens, M.K., autonomy over tobacco use. It is
Hooked on Nicotine Checklist
Ridner, S.L., & http://fmchapps.umassmed.edu/hon useful for identifying when dependence
(Tobacco Control, 2002) c/TOC.htm
York, N. L. has begun, and for measuring the
(Nsg. Res., in severity of dependence.
Community-
Based
Approaches)
Children Living with Chronic Illness: An
Examination of their Stressors, Coping
Hopefulness Scale for Stewart, Janet
http://wjn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/ Responses and Health Outcomes –
Adolescents (Hinds & (Children with abstract/21/5/600 Measure of sense of hope for the future
Gattuso, 1991) Chronic Illness)
in adolescents suffering from chronic
illness.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 72
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Childhood and Adolescent
Opie, Nancy Bereavement / Disaster Nursing /
(Childhood & http://www.nelmh.org/downloads/ot Vulnerable Populations – A self-report
Adolescent her_info/hopkins_symptom_checkli symptom inventory; was used to
Bereavement); st.pdf measure parental grieving and parental
Hopkins Symptoms Checklist Komnenich, role functioning.
http://www.hprt-
(Derogatis, Lipman, Rickels, Paulene & cambridge.org/Layer3.asp?page_id The Hopkins Symptoms Checklist
Uhlen & Covi, 1974) Feller, Carolyn =10 (HSCL) is a well-known and widely
(Disaster Nsg.)’ used screening instrument whose
Portillo, CJ, et al http://www.nelmh.org/page_view.as history dates from the 1950s. The
p?c=4&did=1633&fc=001002001
(HIV HSCL-25 is a symptom inventory which
Symptoms) measures symptoms of anxiety and
depression, about the past 7 days.
Nursing Care Quality Assessment –
Lang, N., & LORS-III instrument has capability to
Horn-Swain Patient Care
Clinton, J. http://www.buseco.monash.edu.au/ discriminate rehabilitation inpatient
Instrument (Horn-Swain, centres/che/pubs/wp14.pdf
(Nsg. Care activities of daily living (ADL)/ mobility
1978)
Quality Assess.) and communication/ cognition ability at
admission and discharge.
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical
Pain / Combined Assessment / Quality
.htm
of Life – A 28-item scale specifically
Hospice Quality of Life Index www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality. developed to measure quality of life in
(McMillian, 1994, 1996) htm hospice. Domains measured include
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht
physical, psychological, spiritual,
m social, and financial well-being.
http://idacc.healthbase.info/questio Emotional Symptoms – A widely-used
Hospital Anxiety and nnaires.html#1000274 14-item self-report scale designed to
Depression Scale (Zigmond, briefly measure current anxiety and
1983) www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/emotion. depressive symptomatology in non-
htm
psychiatric hospital patients.
Vessey, Judith
Hospital Fears Rating Scale Children’s Psychological Responses to
(Children’s http://www.psychologyinspain.com/
(Roberts, Wurtele, Boone, content/full/2000/8.htm Hospitalization – A self-report to for
Responses to
Gunther & Elkins, 1981) assessment of hospital fears.
Hospitalization)
Hospital Stress Rating Scale
(HSRS) (Ballard, 1981; Lyon, Brenda & http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Stress – Measurement of psychosocial
Volicer, 1977; Volicer & Werner Joan Med&list_uids=1041618&dopt=Abs stress experienced by hospital patients.
Bohannon, 1975; Volicer & Stehle (Stress) tract
Volicer, 1977)
Cox, Kathleen,
Rural Health – This 10-item scale
Mahone, Irma, http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NC
T00094133 measures the degree that hot flashes
Hot Flash Related Daily & Merwin,
interfere with nine daily life activities;
Interference Scale Elizabeth http://www.ons.org/publications/jour th
the 10 item measures the degree to
(Carpenter, 2001) (Improving nals/ONF/Volume34/Issue1/340137
which hot flashes interfere with overall
Quality of Rural .asp
quality of life.
Nursing Care)
Family Assessment – Handbook for
House-Tree-Person Drawings http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages interpreting children’s or adolescents’
(Wenck, 1977) /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html free-form drawings of a house, a tree,
and a person (ages 3-adult).
Nursing & Parent Experience – A 10-
How I Feel About My Baby
item Likert scale that measures
Now Scale (FAB) (Leifer, http://www.mcnjournal.com
maternal and paternal infant
1977)
attachment.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 73
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Nursing & Parent Experience –
Developed to assess mothers’
perceived competence in problem
solving regarding infant care. Consists
How Parents Problem-Solve
of 3 subscales: perceived competence
Regarding Infant Care (PPS) http://www.mcnjournal.com
in solving infant issues in general,
(Pridham & Chang, 1986)
perceived competence in solving infant
feeding problems, and perceived
competence in solving illness and
physical problems.
Evaluation of Primary Nursing – A
family of health status and preference-
based health-related quality of life
measures suitable for use in clinical
and population. Each member of the
HUI (Feeny, et al., 1996; http://medicine.ucsd.edu family includes a health status
Furlong, et al., 2001)
classification system, a preference-
based multi-attribute utility function,
data collection questionnaires, and
algorithms for deriving HUI variables
from questionnaire responses.
Greiner, Doris
S., Glick, D.F.,
Kulbok, P.A., & Rural Health – Provides a standardized
Mitchell, E.M. means to compare quality fo life among
Human Development Index http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_
(Rural Health Development_Index countries and to measure the impact of
(1990)
Nursing social and economic policies on the
Research quality of life.
Review: Global
Perspectives)
Family Assessment – Illustrated
Human Figure Drawing Test
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages handbook for clinical interpretation and
(Mitchell, Trent & McArthur, /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html assessment of cognitive impairment of
1993)
human figure drawings (ages 15 up).
Hwalek-Sengstock Elder
Abuse Screening Test (H- Fulmer, Terry Elder Mistreatment – 15 item
http://www.elderabusecenter.org/de
S/EAST) (Neale, et al., 1991; (Elder fault.cfm?p=riskassessment.cfm assessment screen for detecting
Moody, Voss & Lengacher, Mistreatment) suspected elder abuse and neglect.
2000)
Community Nursing – Developed for a
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ national survey with a specific target
Hypertension Knowledge Sills, Grayce
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub population – Hispanics – used as a
Interview Schedule (HKIS) (Community Med&list_uids=6920657&dopt=Abs pretest measure for nursing
(Harris, 1973) Nsg) tract
intervention within a particular
community.
Nursing & Parent Experience –
Assesses infant breastfeeding
IBAT (Infant Breastfeeding competence; measures four major
Assessment Tool) (Matthews, http://www.mcnjournal.com components of infant breastfeeding
1988) behavior – readiness to feed or
arousability, rooting, fixing, and sucking
pattern.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 74
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Hahn, E.J.,
Ashford, K.B.,
Okoli, C.T.C.,
Tobacco – 30-item survey to assess
ICE/Internal Coalition Rayens, M.K.,
social vision, efficient coalition
Effectiveness Instrument Ridner, S.L., & http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubme
d/16460424 practices, knowledge and training
(Univ. of Neb. College of York, N. L.
relationships, participation, activities,
Nursing, 2006) (Nsg. Res., in
and resources.
Community-
Based
Approaches)
Christman,
Ideal Nurse Survey
Luther (Men in www.ouhsc.edu/ Men in Nursing –
(Holtzclaw, 1981)
Nursing)
Identification of a Motherhood Lederman, R., Family – Measure of woman’s ability to
http://www.mcnjournal.com
Role (Lederman, et al., 1979) (Family) visualize herself as a mother.
http://www.epilepsy.com/epilepsy/q Children with Epilepsy: Quality of life
Impact of Childhood Illness Austin, Joan K uality_of_life.html and Psychosocial Needs – A 30-item
Scale, Parent-Completed & Dunn, David http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
scale that measured four dimensions:
(Hoare, 1993; Hoare & W (Children query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub epilepsy and its treatment, child’s
Russell, 1995) with Epilepsy) Med&list_uids=9860082&dopt=Abs adjustment and development, impact to
tract the parent, and impact on the family.
Kim, Mi Ja Nursing Diagnosis – Assesses the
Impact of Chronic Illness http://www.therapeuticresources.co
(Nsg. m/61-11toc.html impact chronic illness has on the
Inventory (Miller, 1980)
Diagnosis) family.
http://www.dalebuckstaff.com/pdf/s
Austin, Joan & eizure.pdf Research in Chronic Illness –
Epilepsy Questionnaire
Dunn, David Questionnaires for children with
(mailed) (Brown, 1994; http://www.aesnet.org/Visitors/Annu
(Children with epilepsy, looked for predictors of
Williams, et al., 1995) alMeeting/Abstracts/dsp_Abstract.c
Epilepsy) fm?id=222
satisfaction with care.
Opie, Nancy
(Childhood & Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms /
Adolescent Childhood & Adolescent Bereavement /
Impact of Event Scale (IES) Bereavement); Psychoneuroimmunological Studies in
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h
(Horowitz, Wilner, Alverez, McCain, N & tm HIV Disease – This instrument
1979; Zillberg, et al., 1982) Zeller, J (Psy- measures the stress encountered when
choneuro- faced with a difficult life event
immunological (subjectively).
Studies in HIV)
Caregiver Well Being/General –A 24-
item scale measuring the impact of
childhood chronic illness on family life
(including family’s financial situation,
Impact on Family Scale www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
urden.htm social interaction within and outside the
(Stein & Riessman, 1980)
home, personal strain on primary
caregiver, and potential sense of
mastery gained from coping with the
stress).
McCormick,
Urinary Incontinence in Older Adults –
Incontinence Impact Kathleen &
http://www.wfubmc.edu/women/whc (IIQ) measures the impact of urinary
Questionnaire (Wyman, et al., Palmer, Mary oe_iiq_udi_instrument.htm incontinence on activities, roles, and
1987) (Urinary Incont.
emotional states.
In Older Adults)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 75
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Urinary Incontinence in Older Adults –
Measures the psychological impact of
McCormick,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ incontinence in women. Consists of
Kathleen &
Incontinence Stress Index query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub four factors – agitated depressive
Palmer, Mary Med&list_uids=3649382&dopt=Abs
(Yu, 1987) symptoms, retarded depressive
(Urinary Incont. tract
symptoms, feelings of abandonment,
In Older Adults)
and somatic concerns and activities
related to urinary incontinence.
Index of Core Spiritual Spirituality Scale – Scale used for
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht
Experiences (INSPIRIT) m spiritual assessment in general
(Kass, 1991) population as well as hospital patients.
AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes,
Turner, Joan and Risk for HIV Infection Among
(AIDS-Related Nurses – Tool designed is to measure
Index of Homophobia Scale Knowledge, http://www.walmyr.com/perscales.h the level of homophobia. Scores range
(KHP) Douglas, et al., 1985) Attitudes, Risk tml from 0 to 100 where low scores
for HIV among indicate a non-homophobic response
Nurses) and higher scores indicate a
homophobic response.
(In ―Handbook of Tests and
Index of Self-Actualization http://acqol.deakin.edu.au/instrume Measurement in Education and the
(Jones & Crandall) nts/scale_details.php?id=247 Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
Humphreys J,
Parker B &
Index of Spousal Abuse (ISA) Campbell J http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rhs- Intimate Partner Violence Against
(Hudson & McIntosh, 1981) (Intimate ssg/factshts/abuseprg_e.html Women – An abuse screening tool.
Partner
Violence)
Newman, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Index of Well-being
Margaret (Hlth. query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Health Conceptualization – Measure of
(Campbell, Converse & Med&list_uids=1588356&dopt=Abs
Conceptualiza- patient well-being.
Rodgers, 1976) tract
tion)
Job Satisfaction – Contained six Likert-
Index of Work Satisfaction Hinshaw & type subscales (pay, autonomy, task
(Slavitt, Stamps, Piedmont & Atwood www.ache.org requirements, organizational
Haase, 1978, 1979) (Nursing Staff) requirements, interaction, and job
status/prestige).
Elder Mistreatment – 29-item set of
indicators of ruse by social service
Indicators of Abuse Screen Fulmer, Terry
http://www.nap.edu/books/0309084 agency practitioners to identify EM.
(IOA) (Reis & Nahmiash, (Elder 342/html/167.html Developed specifically for use by social
1998) Mistreatment)
service agency practitioners likely to
visit the older adult in the home.
www.jonajournal.com
http://www.findarticles.com/p/article
Hinshaw & s/mi_m4256/is_n1_v19/ai_1441279
Industrial Turnover Model Nursing Staff – Determinants of
Atwood 3/pg_3
(Price & Mueller, 1981) turnover.
(Nursing Staff)
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/con
tent/mcb/016/2001/00000022/0000
0007/art00002
Felton, Human Biologic Rhythms – Designed
Geraldine to measure the infant’s awake time in
Infant Activity Scale
(Human www.brazelton-institute.com order to ascertain the discrepancy
(Friedeman & Emrich, 1978)
Biologic between ideal and actual sleep-wake
Rhythms) patterns each hour during the day.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 76
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Informant Questionnaire on
Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms –
Cognitive Decline in the www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h
tm Measures the fall from higher to lower
Elderly (IQCODE) (Jorm &
intellectual level.
Jacomb, 1989)
Family – Questionnaire used to value
anxiety level on pregnant women; it is
Institute for Personality and
composed of 40 items divided into two
Ability Testing (IPAT) Anxiety Lederman, R.
scales – the hidden anxiety scale and
Scale (Cattell & Scheier, (Fetal/Newborn www.ipat.com
the manifest anxiety scale. Each scale
1963; Krug, Scheier & Cattell, & Family)
has 5 factors – apprehension, tension,
1976)
emotional instability, suspicion, and
lack of control.
http://64.233.161.104/search?q=ca
che:cnI-
Instructor-Leader Behavior Conway, Mary T9RTDNUJ:www.wirtschaftspsycho
Questionnaire (Halpin, 1957; (Socialization & logie.lmu.de/14a- Socialization and Roles –
Dawson, 1972) Roles) Fuehrungsstile.pdf+Instructor-
Leader+Behavior+Questionnaire+(
Dawson&hl=en
Cognitive Intervention among Older
McDougall, Adults – Contains a total of eight items:
Instrumental Activities of
Graham, Jr., http://www.fpnotebook.com/GER3.h ability to use the telephone, shopping,
Daily Living Scale (Lawton, tm
(Cognitive food preparation, housekeeping,
1988; Lawton & Brody, 1969)
Intervention) laundry, mode of transportation,
medications, and financials.
Pain – An instrument designed to take
Integrated Pain Score www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical
.htm into account both pain intensity and
(Ventafridda, 1983)
duration.
Academic Attitudes Instrument –
Intellectual Achievement Intended to measure the degree to
www.character.org/resources/asses
Responsibility Questionnaire sment/ which students feel responsible for
(Crandall, et al., 1965) their own academic success and
failure.
Riesch, Susan Parent-Adolescent Communication in
Interaction Behavior Coding
(Parent- Nondistressed Families – Assesses
Systems (IBCS) (Foster, None found
Adolescent parent-adolescent conflict using direct
Prinz & O’Leary, 1983)
Communication) observation.
Health Promotion – To explain
Pender, Nola relationships between client
Interaction Model of Client http://apha.confex.com/apha/129a
(Health m/techprogram/paper_28616.htm characteristics, the client-provider
Health Behavior (Cox, 1982)
Promotion) relationship, and subsequent client
health behavior.
(In ―Handbook of Tests and
Internal and External Locus http://www.wilderdom.com/games/d
Measurement in Education and the
of Control Scale (Rotter, escriptions/LocusOfControlExercise
.html Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1966)
1997.)
(In ―Handbook of Tests and
Internal Control Index http://acqol.deakin.edu.au/instrume Measurement in Education and the
(Duttweiler, 1984) nts/scale_details.php?id=539 Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub A self-report instrument for assessment
Med&list_uids=11252648&dopt=Ab of the severity of manic and depressive
stract
Internal State Scale symptoms, consists of four subscales:
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/con activation, well-being, perceived
tent/mksg/bdi/2000/00000002/0000 conflict, and depression index.
0004/art00009
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 77
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
International Classification of http://www.ilae-
Epileptic Seizures epilepsy.org/Visitors/Centre/ctf/over
(Commission on Austin, Joan & view.cfm Research in Chronic Illness –
Classification & Terminology Dunn, David http://books.google.com/books?q=I Classification of epilepsy by seizure
of the International League (Chronic Illness nternational+Classification+of+Epil class and epileptic syndrome.
Against Epilepsy, 1981, eptic+Seizures+&ots=5AYklOLoG7
1989) &sa=X&oi=print&ct=title
Doswell, Willa http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Interpersonal Conflict Scale (Physiological query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Human Biologic Rhythms/Physiological
(Hoskins & Merrifield, 1981) Responses to Med&list_uids=6553946&dopt=Abs Responses to Stress –
tract
Stress)
Outgroup/Ethnocentric Attitudes –
Interpersonal distance is measured in
Interpersonal Distance Scale www.character.org/resources/asses
sment/ millimeters from the center point of
(Duke & Nowicki, 1972)
imagined placement in response to
descriptions of imaginary persons.
Conway, Mary
Interpersonal Trust Scale
(Socialization & None found Socialization and Roles –
(Hrebiniak & Alutto, 1972)
Roles)
International Classification of
epileptic Seizures
Austin, Joan & Research in Chronic Illness –
(Commission on
Dunn, David Classification of epilepsy by seizure
Classification & Terminology
(Chronic Illness class and epileptic syndrome.
of the International League
Against Epilepsy, 1981)
Alzheimer’s Disease – Assesses
Interview for Deterioration in activities of daily living covering 33 self-
Daily Living Activities in http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc care activities as well as more complex
Dementia (IDDD) (Teunisse, ales.htm activities. Both the initiative to perform
et al., 1991) activities and the performance itself are
evaluated.
Prosocial/Altruistic Behavior –
www.character.org/resources/asses Measures students’ inclination to act in
Intrinsic Prosocial Motivation
sment/ prosocial ways because of personal
Scale (Developmental
feelings of empathy, concern for others
Studies Center, 1993) www.devstu.org
or commitment to personal values (for
grades 3-4).
Nursing & Parent Experience – A 36-
item Likert scale consisting of five
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ subscales assessing functional status
Inventory of Functional Status
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub for determining recovery after childbirth
after Childbirth (IFSAC) Med&list_uids=12153408&dopt=Ab (infant care responsibilities, self-care
(Fawcett, et al., 1988) stract
activities, household activities, social
and community activities, and
occupational activities).
Garvin, Bonnie
& Kennedy,
Interpersonal Communication between
Carol
Inventory of Marital Conflicts Nurses and Patients – Instrument with
(Interpersonal www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
(IMC) (Olson & Ryder, 1970) vignettes depicting common marital
Communication
disagreements.
between Nurses
& Patients)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 78
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
http://gwbweb.wustl.edu/cmhsr/mea
sure/d16.html
Inventory of Interpersonal Grey, Margaret Research in Chronic Illness –
Problems (Fosburg, et al., (Diabetes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Measurement of interpersonal
1997) Interventions) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub difficulties.
Med&list_uids=10879357&dopt=Ab
stract
Inventory of Socially
http://chipts.ucla.edu/assessment/A
Supportive Behaviors (ISSB) Norbeck, Jane ssessment_Instruments/Assessme
Social Support – Used to assess social
(Barrera, Sandler & Ramsay, (Social Support) nt_files_new/assess_issb.htm support.
1981)
Ethical Issues – A 15-item appraisal of
patient and family values in the choice
Inventory of Values in the of treatment; has validity and reliability
Gortner, Susan
Choice of Treatment www.library.csus.edu for cardiac surgery populations. The
(Ethical Issues)
(Gortner, et al., 1984) statements are based on the moral
principles of Autonomy, Beneficence/
Nonmaleficence, and Justice
Iowa Test of Educational Schwirian, Nursing Education – Standardized
www.education.usiowa.edu/itp/ited/i
Development (Litherland, Patricia (Nrsg. tem_about.htm measure of cognitive ability and
1966) Student Res.) functioning.
Riesch, Susan Parent-Adolescent Communication in
http://www.blackwell-
Issues Checklist (IC) (Prinz, (Parent- synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1744
Nondistressed Families – A widely
et al., 1979) Adolescent -6155.2005.00015.x used list of 44 topics commonly found
Communication) to stimulate conflict.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Dying Well: Symptom Control within
Med&list_uids=6563533&dopt=Abs Hospice Care – Consists of 40 coping
Jalowiec Coping Scale
Corless, Inge tract behaviors culled from a comprehensive
(Jalowiec, 1979; Jalowiec,
(Dying Well) literature review, which are rated on a
Murphy & Powers, 1984) http://www.cancersourcern.com/Nur
1- to 5-point scale to indicate degree of
sing/CE/CECourse.cfm?courseid=1
47&contentid=27545 use.
Self-Esteem – Contains 80 items in 9
Janis-Field Feelings of subscales including Feelings of
www.character.org/resources/asses
Inadequacy Scale (Janis, et sment/ Inadequacy, Social Inhibitions,
al., 1959) Argumentativeness and
Suspiciousness.
Role Orientation Survey – consists of
Conway, Mary
110 items, 47 of which are educational
Job Activity Survey (JAS) (Socialization & None found
in nature; measures bureaucratic,
Roles)
professional, and service orientation.
www.bgsu.edu/departments/psych/ Nursing Staff / Evaluation of Primary
Conway, Mary JDI/ Nursing – Instrument designed to
Job Descriptive Index (Smith,
(Socialization & measure employees’ satisfaction with
Kendall & Hulin, 1969) www.bgsu.edu/departments/psych/
Roles) their jobs. One of the most widely used
JDI/
measures of job satisfaction.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 79
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
The goals of the Hackman-Oldham Job
Diagnostic Survey (JDS) are :
(a) To experience firsthand the job
characteristics approach to job design,
in this case through the Hackman-
Oldham JDS.
Job Diagnostic Survey http://homepages.wmich.edu/~mall (b) To get personal feedback on the
(Hackman & Oldham, 1974) akl/surveys/jds.htm motivating potential of your present
past or past job and to identify and
compare its critical characteristics.
(In ―Handbook of Tests and
Measurement in Education and the
Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
(In ―Handbook of Tests and
Job Involvement Scale http://orm.sagepub.com/cgi/content/ Measurement in Education and the
(Lodahl & Kejner, 1965) refs/4/2/91 Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
Conway, Mary http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Job Related Tension Index query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Socialization and Roles – Measure of
(Socialization & Med&list_uids=9517319&dopt=Abs
(JRT) (Snoek, 1966) role stress.
Roles) tract
(In ―Handbook of Tests and
Conway, Mary
Job Satisfaction Scale www.bgsu.edu/departments/psych/ Measurement in Education and the
(Socialization &
(Brayfield & Roth, 1951) JDI/ Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
Roles)
1997.)
Hinshaw &
Job Stress Instrument Nursing Staff – Measure of job stress
Atwood www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
(Atwood & Hinshaw, 1981) and well-being in hospital settings.
(Nursing Staff)
Conceptual Model of Nursing –
Persons are viewed as behavior
systems composed of 7 subsystems:
http://healthsci.clayton.edu/eichelbe
attachment, dependency, ingestive,
Silva, Mary rger/theory/johnson_behavioral_sys eliminative, sexual, aggressive, and
Johnson Behavioral System Cipriano tem.htm achievement. When these behavioral
Model (Johnson, 1968, 1980) (Conceptual systems are functioning effectively in
http://library.stritch.edu/nursingther
Model of Nrsg.) meeting subsystem goals, these
oies/johnson.htm
systems are in balance; if not, they are
in imbalance. Nurse’s role is to foster
effective and efficient behavioral
functioning.
Garvin, Bonnie
& Kennedy, Interpersonal Communication between
Jourard Self-Disclosure Carol Nurses and Patients – Measure of
Questionnaire (Jourard, (Interpersonal www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ voluntarily revealing information about
1971) Communication self to another person (i.e., between
between Nurses nurses and patients).
& Patients)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 80
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Moral Reasoning & Ethical Practice /
Ethical Issues – Contains seven stories
depicting nurses in ethical dilemmas
and requiring respondents to indicate
Ketefian, Shaké http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ whether the nurse in the story should
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
(Moral Med&list_uids=3847877&dopt=Abs or should not engage in a specified
Judgments about Nursing Reasoning & tract action (ideal moral behavior) and
Decisions (Ketefian, 1981, Ethical whether he/she was likely to engage in
1982, 1984) Practice); http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ the nursing action. Measures two
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Gortner, Susan Med&list_uids=3847877&dopt=Abs dimensions of moral behavior:
(Ethical Issues) tract professionally ideal moral behavior and
realistically likely moral behavior. It is a
self-administered, objective measure
with six stories depicting nurses in
ethical dilemmas.
www.character.org/resources/asses
Just World Scale (Ahmed & sment/ Locus of Control – Measures belief in a
Stewart, 1985) just world.
www.searchsudbury.com
Quality of Life and the Spectrum of HIV
Infection / Vulnerable Populations –
Unidimensional measure of physical
Holzemer,
performance and level of assistance
William &
needed. It allows patients to be
Karnofsky Performance Wilson, Holly
http://www.hospicepatients.org/karn classified as to their functional
Status Scale (Karnofsky & (QOL & HIV); ofsky.html impairment. This can be used to
Burchenal, 1949) Portillo, CJ, et
compare effectiveness of different
al, (HIV
therapies and to assess the prognosis
Symptoms)
in individual patients. The lower the
Karnofsky score, the worse the survival
for most serious illnesses.
Katz Activities of Daily Living Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
http://libraries.uta.edu/helen/test&m
Questionnaire (Katz, Ford, Larson, Janet eas/AlphaKeyword/Keyword%20LI
Disease: Strategies to Improve
Moskowitz, Jackson & Jaffe, (COPD) VING.htm Functional Status – Measurement in
1963) neurological rehabilitation
Krowchuk, Heidi
vonKoss Family Assessment / Neuro-behavioral
Kaufman Assessment Battery (Neuro- Effects of Childhood Lead Exposure) –
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
for Children (Kaufman & behavioral /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html General measure of children’s
Kaufman, 1983) Effects of intelligence and achievement (ages 2-
Childhood Lead 12).
Exp)
Smoking Cessation: Research on
Relapse Crises – A self-report measure
Kawakami Tobacco designed to assess 10 of the DSM-IV
Dependence Screener (TDS; www.ctri.wis.edu/Researchers/ criteria for tobacco dependence, each
Kawakami, et al., 1999) on a dichotomous scale with 0
indicating lack of the symptom and 1
indicating endorsement of the criterion.
Functional Status – A numerical
Kenny Self-Care Evaluation www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/function.
htm measure of independence of activities
(Schoening, 1965, 1968)
of daily living.
Vance, Connie
Mentorship – Used to describe the
Kentucky Mentoring Survey & Olson, http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=
o&d=76949847 mentoring relationships of clinical
(Fagan & Fagan, 1982) Roberta
nurses on entering the profession.
(Mentorship)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 81
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Classroom/School Climate Instruments –
Comprised of four sections: General
Climate Factors along eight dimensions
(Respect, Trust, High Morale,
Opportunities for Input, Continuous
Academic and Social Growth,
Cohesiveness, School Renewal and
Caring); Program Determinants
(Opportunities for Active Learning,
Individualized Performance Expectations,
Varied Learning Environments, Flexible
Curriculum and Extracurricular Activities,
Support and Structure Appropriate to
www.character.org/resources/asses Learner’s Maturity, Rules Cooperatively
Kettering Scale of School sment/ Determined, and Varied Reward
Climate (Fox, n.d.) Systems; Process Determinants
www.pdkintl.org measuring Problem-solving Ability,
Improvement of School Goals, Identifying
and Working with Conflicts, Effective
Communications, Involvement in
Decision Making, Autonomy with
Accountability, Effective Teaching –
learning Strategies and Ability to Plan for
the Future; fourth scale measures
material determinant (Adequate
Resources, Supportive and Efficient
Logistical System, and Suitability of
School Plant). This is among the most
frequently used measures of school
climate.
Kinetic Drawing System for Family Assessment – Handbook for
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
Family and School (Knoff & /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html clinical interpretation of drawings of
Prout, 1993) family members doing something.
deLeon-Sintz, M
& Rusk-Keltner,
B (Mental Hlth. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Kohn Symptom Checklist query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Special Conditions – A preschool
& Disabilities . . Med&list_uids=903520&dopt=Abstr
(Kohn, 1977) mental health rating scale.
. Racial & act
Ethnic Minority
Children)
Research on the Baccalaureate
Mathews, Mary
Completion Process for RNs – To
Beth & Travis,
measure life phases and the impact of
Kolb Learning Style Inventory Lucille (Res. on http://pss.uvm.edu/pss162/learning
_styles.html education on adult development, and
(KSLI) (Kolb, 1974) Bacc. Compl.
can describe the way you learn and
Process for
how you deal with ideas and day-to-
RNs)
day situations in your life.
Kraines Menopause
Voda, Ann & Menopause – Early questionnaire of
Symptom Checklist (Kraines, www.ccwu.edu/Thesis_Caico/disse
George, T. rtation.htm menopausal symptoms, including
1965; Neugarten & Kraines,
(Menopause) somatic and psychological items.
1976)
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/function.
Lambeth Disability Screening htm
Functional Status – Measurement in
Questionnaire (Patrick, 1981, http://libraries.uta.edu/helen/test&m neurological rehabilitation.
1989, 1992) eas/AlphaKeyword/Keyword%20DI
SABIL.htm
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 82
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Esperat, M,
Inouye, J, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Gonzalez, E, Med&list_uids=2760957&dopt=Abs
Owen, D & tract Special Populations – A two-item index
Langner Mental Health Index
Feng, D (Health of psychiatric symptoms to evaluate
(Langner, 1962) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Disparities pre-existing psychological pathology.
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Among Asian- Med&list_uids=881548&dopt=Abstr
Am & Pacific act
Islanders)
McCloskey, Leadership in Nursing – Oldest, best
Joanne Comi & known, and most often used measure
Leader Behavior Description
Molen, Marilyn of leadership. Covers 12 aspects of
Questionnaire (LBDQ) http://fisher.osu.edu/offices/fiscal/lb
(Leadership in dq leadership measuring behavior through
(Stogdill, 1963; Stogdil &
Nursing); descriptions from followers. Most used
Coons, 1957)
Vance & Olson scales include Initiating Structure and
(Mentorship) Consideration.
Mentorship – Was designed to assess
Vance, Connie the leadership style profile and the
Leader Effectiveness &
& Olson, http://www.uwec.edu/Sampsow/Me effectiveness of a manager's
Adaptability Description asures/Leadership-LEAD.htm
Roberta deployment of those leadership styles
(Hershey & Blanchard, 1982)
(Mentorship) in accordance with their Situational
Leadership Theory.
(In ―Handbook of Tests and
http://www-
Leadership Actions Survey rohan.sdsu.edu/~mstover/tests/lest
Measurement in Education and the
(Goldstein, 1982) er.html Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
Vance, Connie
Leadership Development
& Olson, www.curriculumsupport.nsw.edu.au Mentorship – Measure of mentoring
Questionnaire (Alleman, /leadership/
Roberta activity.
1982)
(Mentorship)
Leadership in Nursing / Nursing
McCloskey,
Education – Included measures related
Joanne Comi & http://www.creativeorgdesign.com/t
estpages/loq.htm to value placed on research, leadership
Molen, Marilyn
Leadership Opinion qualities, autonomy, and self-esteem.
(Leadership in
Questionnaire (Fleishman, http://home.ubalt.edu/tmitch/642/LO Measures leaders’ opinions about
Nursing); Q.htm
1969) desirable leadership behavior. Two 20-
Schwirian,
www.creativeorgdesign.com item scales to be self-administered to
Patricia (Nrsg.
measure leadership consideration and
Student Res.)
structure.
Leadership in Nursing – Assesses a
McCloskey, person’s value of leadership. Consists
Joanne Comi & of 16 sets of three statements from
Leadership Value Scale http://www.rebrown.com/rebrown/m
Molen, Marilyn anleadscale.htm Gordon’s Survey of Interpersonal
(Gordon, 1975)
(Leadership in Values. For each item, respondent
Nursing) indicates what is most important and is
least important.
Research on the Baccalaureate
Completion Process for RNs) – It is the
Mathews, Mary
most valid instrument for assessing
Beth & Travis,
Learning Preference students' learning styles. Information
Lucille (Res. on
Inventory (LPI) (Rezler & http://www.silverstrong.com/lpi.cfm from the Learning Preference Inventory
Bacc. Compl.
Rezmovic, 1981) helps you to make better decisions
Process for
about learning and teaching. Subscales
RNs)
reflect relative preference for that
learning style.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 83
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Leadership in Nursing – Person most
McCloskey, difficult to work with is described.
Least Preferred Co-worker Joanne Comi & Based on attitudes toward this person,
http://changingminds.org/disciplines
(Fiedler, 1967; Fiedler, Mahar Molen, Marilyn /leadership/theories/fiedler_lpc.htm individual is classified as relationship
& Chemars, 1977) (Leadership in oriented or task oriented. (Much
Nursing) discussion in literature regarding what
the scale really measures.)
Lesbian Health and Health Care –
Lesbian partner Abuse Scale-
Designed and construct validated to
Revised (LE-PAS-R) http://rsw.sagepub.com/cgi/content/
abstract/12/2/277 assess power imbalance between
(McClennen, Summers &
lesbian couples resulting in partner
Daley; 2002)
abuse.
Lang, N., & http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Nursing Care Quality Assessment –
Level of Rehabilitation Scale Clinton, J. query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Was prepared to aid in meeting
(LORS, LORS-II) (Nsg. Care Med&list_uids=7115029&dopt=Abs program evaluation needs of
tract
Quality Assess.) rehabilitation facilities.
Civic Attitudes Instrument – Consists of
41 agree-disagree statements that
Liberalism Scale (Mussen, et www.character.org/resources/asses
sment/ examines the developmental changes
al., 1977)
in political beliefs in high school
students.
Attitude Indices – 36 item multi-
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht dimensional profile developed and
m tested in a college population and more
Life Attitude Profile (Recker & http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
recently in hospitalized patients and
Peacock, 1981) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub outpatients. It is an excellent
Med&list_uids=9256681&dopt=Abs instrument for assessing spiritual
tract needs; could be modified for a
terminally ill population.
Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms – A
45-item scale that measures the
Life Closure Scale (LCS) www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h psychological adaptation during the
(Dobratz, 1990) tm dying process and consists of three
subscales (self-reconciled, self-
reconstructing, and self-closing).
Women’s Health – Norbeck’s revision
of the Sarason Life Event Scale (LES)
to include items relevant to women’s
lives. Items included: major difficulties
with birth control pills or devices,
http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cac difficulty finding a job, difficulty finding
Woods, Nancy he:TXK2dlr-
Life Event Scale (Norbeck, housing, a change in child care,
Fugate vQAJ:nurseweb.ucsf.edu/www/Life
1984) conflicts with spouse/ partner about
(Women’s Hlth.) EventsQues.pdf+Life+Event+Scale
+(Norbeck&hl=en parenting, conflicts with child’s
grandparents about parenting, taking
on full responsibility for parenting as a
single parent, custody battles, and
being a victim of a violent act (rape,
assault).
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 84
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Lyon, Brenda &
Werner Joan Stress / Human Responses to
Stehle (Stress); Catastrophe Psychoneuro-
Murphy, Shirley immunological Studies in HIV Disease /
(Human Interventions for Children with Diabetes
Responses to and Their Families/Research in
Life Experience Survey (LES)
Catastrophe); http://www.garfield.library.upenn.ed Chronic Illness – Assesses the impact
(JH Johnson & Sarason,
McCain, N & u/classics1987/A1987J555300001. of life changes; permits the subject to
1979; Sarason, Johnson & pdf
Zeller, J (Psy- evaluate both the tone of the event as
Siegel, 1978)
choneuroim- positive or negative and the impact of
munological event. The questionnaire assesses
Studies in HIV); positive and negative life changes and
Grey, Margaret allows for individualized ratings of the
(Diabetes impacts of events.
Interventions)
Sills, Grayce
(Community
Nsg)
Fahs, Pamela http://www.atsqol.org/lsia.asp
Life Satisfaction - Z Scale
Stewart & Community Nursing / Rural Health –
(Wood, Wylie & Sheaford, http://www.atsqol.org/sections/instr
Kalman, Scale measured satisfaction with life.
1969) uments/ko/pages/lsia.html
Melanie (Nsg.
Res. to Meet
Hlth. Care
Needs of Rural
Populations)
Job Satisfaction – An 18-item scale,
Likert-type Job Satisfaction Hinshaw &
www.measurementexperts.org/instr devised for study of industrial workers’
Scale (Brayfield & Rothe, Atwood uments/ attitudes but was used in some health
1951) (Nursing Staff)
care settings.
Liking for School Scale www.character.org/resources/asses Classroom/School Climate Instruments
sment/
(Developmental Studies – Measures students’ enjoyment of and
Center, 1993) www.devstu.org feeling of attachment to school.
Riesch, Susan Parent-Adolescent Communication in
Living in Familial
(Parent- Nondistressed Families – Assesses
Environments (LIFE) System None found
Adolescent parent-adolescent conflict using direct
(Hops, et al., 1990)
Communication) observation.
Locus of Control – A 29-item forced
Locus of Control (I-E) Scale www.character.org/resources/asses choice scale of generalized feelings of
(Rotter, 1966) sment/ locus of control, as well as instructions
for instrument administration.
Locus of Control – A 40-item
www.character.org/resources/asses
Locus of Control Scale sment/
dichotomous response scale to
(Nowicki & Strickland, 1973) measure perceived control in affiliation,
achievement and dependency.
Moral Reasoning/Values – A 26-items
Loehrer Virtue Assessment
www.character.org/resources/asses scale rated on a 5-point Likert scale;
Questionnaire (Loehrer, sment/ the instrument includes social
1998)
desirability items for control.
www.outcomes- Generic Instrument – A 6-item
trust.org/instruments.htm instrument that measures health status
London Handicap Scale http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
in patients with chronic, multiple or
(LHS) (Harwood, 1996) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub progressive diseases, including
Med&list_uids=10675222&dopt=Ab evaluation of interventions deployed in
stract their treatment, including rehabilitation.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 85
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Loneliness and Social Affective Cognitive Development
www.character.org/resources/asses
Dissatisfaction Questionnaire sment/ Instrument – A 24-item instrument for
(Cassidy & Asher, 1992) young children.
Childhood and Adolescent
Bereavement / Child Sexual Abuse:
Initial Effects – Measure of the child’s
behavior using a 164-item standardized
inventory. The Louisville Behavior
Opie, Nancy http://www.hamfish.org/measures/b
Checklist asks parents to recall past
(Childhood & /instruments/16/
social and emotional behaviors of their
Louisville Behavior Checklist Adolescent
http://vinst.umdnj.edu/VAID/TestRe children. This instrument is especially
(LBC) (Miller, 1964, 1977, Bereavement); port.asp?Code=LBCE3 sensitive in discriminating psychotics
1984) Kelley, Susan
from the general population and from
(Child Sex http://www.hamfish.org/measures/b
/instruments/16/ other pathogenic groups. This
Abuse)
instrument should only be interpreted
by mental health professionals who are
familiar with child psychopathology.
Parents need approximately 20
minutes to complete the inventory.
Pain/Combined Assessment – Nine
visual analogue scales which measure
symptoms that are prevalent in lung
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical cancer. The philosophy behind the
Lung Cancer Symptom Scale .htm
development of the LCSS is to provide
(Hollen, 1992)
http://www.atsqol.org/lcss.asp a practical quality of life measure that
reduced patient and staff burden in
serial measurement of quality of life
during the course of the trial.
Research on Alcohol Use – One of the
Boyd, CJ, http://www.pearsonassessments.co most widely used psychological tests,
MacAndrew Scale of the McCabe, SE & m/tests/mmpia.htm the MMPI is sometimes given to
Minnesota Multiphasic Morales, M
http://www.bookrags.com/other/dru alcoholics and drug users to evaluate
Personality Inventory (MMPI) (College
gs/minnesota-multiphasic- the psychological effects of substance
(MacAndrew, 1965) Students’
personality-i-edaa-02.html use as well as the personality
Alcohol Use)
characteristics of substance abusers.
Scale used to measure
Machiavellianism Scales Machiavellianism. (In ―Handbook of
http://jonjayray.netfirms.com/machv
(Mach Scales) (Christie & al.html Tests and Measurement in Education
Geis, 1970) and the Social Sciences,‖ by Lester &
Lloyd, 1997.)
Form used to describe the duties,
responsibilities, reporting relationships,
http://www-
Management Position rohan.sdsu.edu/~mstover/tests/lest
etc. (In ―Handbook of Tests and
Questionnaire (Porter, 1961) er.html Measurement in Education and the
Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
Leadership in Nursing – Contains 206
Managerial Key for The McCloskey,
items to measure 18 personality traits
California Psychological Joanne Comi &
http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/ associated with effective management/
Inventory (Gough, 1969; Molen, Marilyn alpha.html leadership, including dominance,
Goodstein & Schraeder, (Leadership in
aggressiveness, ambition, self-
1963) Nursing)
confidence, and flexibility.
Manchester Short
Menopause – Questionnaire to find out
Assessment of Quality of Life www.ccwu.edu/Thesis_Caico/disse
rtation.htm how satisfied a person was with their
(MANSA) (Priebe, et al.,
life with no relation to any factors.
1999)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 86
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
A self-report instrument used to
Manifest Anxiety Scale & evaluate the level of anxiety
Revised Children’s (Reynolds www.cps.nova.edu/ experienced by individuals across the
& Richmond, 1978) age spectrums from early childhood to
elderly.
Four needs are measured –
achievement, affiliation, autonomy, and
Manifest Needs
http://www.ibam.com/pubs/jbam/arti power. (In ―Handbook of Tests and
Questionnaire (Steers & cles/vol1/article_5.htm Measurement in Education and the
Braunstein, 1976)
Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Manifest Upset Scale (Wolfer query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Children’s Psychological Responses to
& Visintainer, 1975; Fegley, Vessey, Judith Med&list_uids=3347762&dopt=Abs Hospitalization – An behavioral
1988; Schmidt, 1990; Lynch, (Children’s tract observation scales that is most
1994; Kristensson-Hallstrom Responses to frequently used to document children’s
http://www.blackwell-
& Elander, 1997; Zahr, 1998) Hospitalization) behavioral responses prior to surgery
synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365
-2702.2004.01031.x or stressful medical procedures.
Adult Development – Scale contains
six subscales corresponding to major
http://www-distance- dimensions of adult life: self concept,
syr.edu/margin.html body/physical health, spirituality/
Stevenson,
Margin of Life Scale religiosity, family, extrafamilial
Joanna Sabol www.ncrape.org/history&research/
(Stevenson, 1982) ND relationships (e.g., work, leisure,
(Adulthood)
Ssupervisorassessmentmenttools.d friendships, social networking), and
oc nonperson environments (e.g., taxes,
real estate, weather, neighborhood,
laws, and crime).
Family Assessment – A self-report
Marital Satisfaction Inventory, measure that identifies separately for
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
Revised (MSI-R) (Snyder, /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html each partner in a relationship the
1997) nature and extent of distress along
several key dimensions.
Self-Esteem – A 33-item, true-false
measure, designed for adult subjects,
Marlowe-Crowne Social
www.character.org/resources/asses has been adapted by several authors
Desirability Scale (Crowne & sment/ for children preschool through high
Marlowe, 1964)
school, and is among the most
influential self-esteem scales.
International Nursing Research –
Recognized for more than a decade as
Henry, Beverly http://www.creativeorgdesign.com/t the leading measure of burnout, it
estpages/mbi.htm
Maslach Burnout Inventory & Nagelkerk, measures burnout as it manifests itself
(Maslach & Jackson, 1981) Jean (Internat’l http://www.cpp- in staff members in human services
Nsg. Research) db.com/detail/detailprod.asp?pc=35 institutions and health care occupations
such as nursing, social work,
psychology and ministry.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 87
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Krulewitch, C
(Alcohol
Consumption
During http://www.ncadd- Research on Alcohol Use – The MAST
Pregnancy); sfv.org/symptoms/mast_test.html
MAST (Michigan Alcohol Test is a simple, self scoring test that
Boyd, CJ,
Screening Test, n.d.) http://www.silcom.com/~sbadp/treat helps assess if you have a drinking
McCabe, SE &
ment/mast.htm problem.
Morales, M
(College
Students’
Alcohol Use)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Nursing & Parent Experience – Was
Maternal Attachment
Med&list_uids=7780768&dopt=Abs developed and tested to provide a
Inventory (MAI) (Muller, tract practical measure of maternal
1994)
affectionate attachment.
http://www.mcnjournal.com
Nursing & Parent Experience – It was
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/con
Maternal Attitude Scale tent/bsc/anp/2003/00000037/00000
used during play session to evaluate
(Cohler, et al., 1972) 006/art00019 maternal sensitivity, infant response
and mother-infant dyadic synchrony.
Williams,
Phoebe D.
Maternal-Child Care Index
(Nursing None found Nursing Research in Philippines –
(Nesbit & Aubry, 1969)
Research in
Philippines)
Family – Measures maternal
http://apt.allenpress.com/aptonline/ attachment to fetus; consists of six
?request=get-abstract&issn=1097-
8003&volume=018&issue=02&pag subscales: Differentiation of Self from
e=0167 Fetus, Interaction with the Fetus,
Maternal-Fetal Attachment
Attributing Characteristics to the Fetus,
Scale (Cranley, 1979) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Giving of Self, Role Taking, and
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=8506162&dopt=Abs Nesting. (One of the most frequently
tract used instruments by nurse researchers
in prenatal studies.)
Barnard, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Maternal-Infant Adaptation Kathryn query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Infants & Young Children – Used to
Scale (Price, 1975) (Infants & Med&list_uids=92211978&dopt=Ab evaluate maternal role attainment.
stract
Young Children)
Family – Measure of neuroticism – A
130-item, true-false, self-report
questionnaire designed as a screening
device "to be used in detecting persons
http://www.cps.nova.edu/~cpphelp/ who might profitably receive more
Maudsley Personality PSI.html
Lederman, R. intensive attention.‖ It not intended to
Inventory (MPI) (Maudsley,
(Family) http://www.a2zpsychology.com/gre be a diagnostic instrument but to detect
1959)
at_psychologists/eysenck_mpi.htm people over the age of 16 who should
be referred for more extensive
examination or therapy. The PSI can
be administered either individually or in
a group setting.
Maximally Discriminative
Hester, Nancy
Facial Movement Coding http://psych.mcmaster.ca/nsmith/2a Pain in Children – Measures visible
(Pain in a3/2aa3_Mar18.pdf
System (Izard, 1979; appearance changes in the face.
Children)
Johnston & Strada, 1986)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 88
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
McAdam and Smith Index of Quality of Life Instrument – Section on
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht
Quality of Life (McAdam, m spirituality in an index designed for the
1987) terminally ill.
McCanse Readiness for www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht
m Attitude Indices – A 28 item structured
Death Instrument (McCanse,
interview questionnaire for terminally ill.
1995)
Preschool Children – Used to evaluate
children at a young age to determine
Fleming, their general intellectual level as well
McCarthy Scale for Infants & Juanita as their strengths and weaknesses in
www.fpnotebook.com/PED47.htm
Children (McCarthy, 1970) (Preschool important abilities. The MSCA were
Children) designed to satisfy the need for a
single instrument to facilitate such
measurement.
Fleming,
Juanita
(Preschool Preschool Children / Opiate Abuse in
Children); Children / Neuro-behavioral Effects of
Lindenberg, Childhood Lead Exposure – Used to
Cathy & Keith, evaluate children at a young age to
McCarthy Scale of Children’s www.fpnotebook.com/PED47.htm
Anne (Opiate determine their general intellectual
Abilities (McCarthy, 1970, www.oswegoboces.org/setrc/descri
Abuse in level as well as their strengths and
1972) ptions_for_testing@20M-S.htm
Pregnancy); weaknesses in important abilities. The
Krowchuk, Heidi MSCA were designed to satisfy the
(Neuro-behav. need for a single instrument to facilitate
Effects of such measurement.
Childhood
Lead)
Menopause – A 19-item questionnaire
McCoy Female Sexuality www.ccwu.edu/Thesis_Caico/disse
rtation.htm used to study sexuality in the
Questionnaire (McCoy, 2001)
menopausal transition.
McDaniel-Piers Young
www.character.org/resources/asses
Children’s Scale (McDaniel, sment/ Self-Esteem – Self-concept scale.
1980)
Taylor, Ann Gill
Pain / Patient Care Outcomes Related
(Pain)
to Management of Symptoms –
Hegyvary, Sue
Questionnaire incorporating a series of
McGill Pain Questionnaire (Pt. Care www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical
.htm adjectives to describe the
(Melzack, 1975) Outcomes
characteristics and intensity of pain. It
Related to
measured and differentiated chronic
Mgmt. of
and acute pain.
Symptoms)
Miller, Lori &
Pain in Older Adults – Second part of
McGill Present Pain Intensity Talerico, Karen http://academic.scranton.edu/stude
nt/BENTLERL2/scales.html McGill Pain Intensity Scale, measuring
Scale (Melzick & Wall, 1982) (Pain in Older
present pain intensity.
Adults)
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical
.htm
Pain/Combined Assessment/Quality of
McGill Quality of Life www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht Life – A 20-item scale developed to
Questionnaire (Cohen, 1995) m measure quality of life at the end of life,
relevant to spirituality.
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality.
htm
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 89
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Developmental Assets – Developed for
screening purposes in a family therapy
McMaster Family setting. Subscales include problem-
www.character.org/resources/asses
Assessment Device (Epstein, sment/ solving, communication, roles, affective
et al., 1983) responsiveness, affective involvement,
behavior control, and general
functioning.
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht
m
McMaster Health Index Quality of Life Instrument – A measure
Questionnaire (Chambers, et http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ of quality of life for patients with
al., 1982) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub rheumatoid disease.
Med&list_uids=6757424&dopt=Abs
tract
Rural Health – Used for assessing
acute and prodromal MI symptons.Tool
Fahs, Pamela http://www.medscape.com/viewartic was developed from four studies. The
Stewart & le/463869
instrument now contains 38 acute and
McSweeney Acute and Kalman,
http://nursing.uams.edu/directory/re 35 prodromal symptoms. It is designed
Prodromal Myocardial Melanie (Nsg.
sults.asp?FirstName=Jean&LastNa to be given to women who have had an
Infarction Symptom Survey Res. to Meet me=McSweeney MI, and may also be useful in
(McSweeney, et al., 2004) Hlth. Care
http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/conte identifying education needs for both the
Needs of Rural
nt/abstract/108/21/2619 lay public and health care providers
Populations)
about prodromal and acute MI
symptoms in women.
Death and Dying – Used semantic
differential techniques with 15 bipolar
Meaning of Death Scale Benoliel,
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht adjectives; the scale was used in a
(Padilla, et al., 1975; Warner Jeanne Quint m series of studies testing the effects of
& Williams, 1987) (Death & Dying)
education on nurses’ attitudes toward
death.
Staff Turnover – A 40-item, 5-point
Likert-type scale with 5 subscales
designed to measure the extent of
positive affective orientation to the
Measure of Job Satisfaction http://www.cancersourcern.com/Nur
nursing role. It was originally
(MJS) (Traynor & Wade, sing/CE/CECourse.cfm?courseid=1
47&contentid=27545 developed to measure the job-affective
1993; Wade, 1993)
orientation of community nurses but
more recently has been used in studies
of pediatric oncology nurses (Hinds, et
al., 1998).
Moral Reasoning/Values – Measure
Measure of Moral Values www.character.org/resources/asses consists of 15 prompts, scenarios that
(Hogan & Dickstein, 1972) sment/ contain features of injustice and
ambiguity.
Measures of Psychological Family Assessment – A measure of
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
Development (MPD) (Hawley, /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html personality development based on Erik
1988) Eriksson’s theories (ages 13-17).
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 90
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Rural Health – A set of large-scale
surveys of families and individuals,
Hauenstein, their medical providers (doctors,
Emily J. http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepswe hospitals, pharmacies, etc.), and
Medical Expenditure Panel (Building the b/data_stats/quick_tables_results.js employers across the United States.
p?component=2&subcomponent=2
Survey (AHRQ/Agency for Rural Mental MEPS collects data on the specific
&year=-
Healthcare Research and Hlth. System: 1&tableSeries=2&tableSubSeries= health services that Americans use,
Quality, 1996) From De Factor &searchText=&searchMethod=3&st how frequently they use them, the cost
System to artAt=1 of these services, and how they are
Quality Care) paid for, as well as data on the cost,
scope, and breadth of health insurance
held by and available to U.S. workers.
Satisfaction – This scale was used in
Medial Interview Satisfaction www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/satisfied
.htm the evaluation of the National Hospice
Scale (Wolf, 1978)
Study.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease: Strategies to Improve
Functional Status – SF-20 includes 20
items adapted from longer surveys
used successfully in the Health
Medical Outcomes Study Insurance Experiment (HIE). It
Larson, Janet http://www.rand.org/health/surveys/
Short Form – SF 20 (Ware & core/20item.mv.html assesses six important health
(COPD)
Sherbourne, 1992) concepts: number of items included:
physical functioning (6 items), role
functioning (2 items), social functioning
(1 item), mental health (5 items),
current health perceptions (5 items),
and pain (1 item).
Quality of Life – A 36-item scale based
on the health status measurement of
Rand’s Health Insurance Experiment.
Domains measured are physical
Medical Outcomes Study,
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality. functioning, role limitations, bodily pain,
Short Form Health Survey htm social functioning mental health, vitality
(Ware, 1990)
and general health perceptions. The
MOS SF 36 has been employed in
persons with symptomatic HIV disease
(Wachtel, 1992).
http://www.outcomes-
trust.org/instruments.htm#mos-hiv Quality of Life and the Spectrum of HIV
Holzemer,
Medical Outcomes Study: Infection – A 30-item questionnaire
William &
30-Item Short Form (MOS- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ reliably and distinctly measured 10
Wilson, Holly query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=retrie
30) (Stewart, et al., 1988) aspects of health and took less than
(QOL & HIV) ve&dopt=abstract&list_uids=18757
45 five minutes to complete.
Quality of Life and the Spectrum of HIV
Medical Outcomes Study: 20- Holzemer, Infection – Measures six health status
Item Short Form (Stewart, William & http://www.outcomes- concepts (scales): physical functioning,
Hays & Ware, 1988; Ware Wilson, Holly trust.org/instruments.htm#mos-hiv role functioning, social functioning,
1990) (QOL & HIV) mental health, health perceptions, and
pain.
Pain/Specific Symptoms – A scale
grading dyspnea from 0 (not troubled
Medical Research Council with breathlessness except with
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical
Dyspnea Scale (Brooks, .htm strenuous exercise) to 4 (too
1982) breathless to leave the house or
breathless when dressing and
undressing).
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 91
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Medicare & Medicaid Cartwright, Nursing Homes and Assisted Living
http://www.cms.hhs.gov/medicaid/s
Automated Certification Juliana (Places urvey-cert/sc0443.pdf Facilities as Places for Dying – Online
Survey (HCFA file) for Dying) – for facility characteristics.
Thornlow,
Medication Error Audit Form Deirdre K. (Nsg. http://www.guideline.gov/summary/ Rural Health – Uses incident report
(Madegowda, Hill, & Pt. Safety Res. summary.aspx?ss=15&doc_id=919 forms to calculate the number of
Anderson, 2007) in Rural Hlth. 3&nbr=4951 medication errors.
Care Settings)
Rural Health - The ISMP Medication
Thornlow, http://www.ismp.org/survey/NewMs
Medication Safety Self- sacap/Index.asp Safety Self-Assessment® is composed
Deirdre K. (Nsg.
Assessment Questionnaire of 194 self-assessment items
Pt. Safety Res. http://www.medpathways.info/medp
(Institute for Safe Medication organized into 20 core characteristics
in Rural Hlth. athways/content/JCAHO11-03.pdf
Practices, 2000) and 10 larger domains representing
Care Settings)
safe medication use.
Stember,
Marilyn www.wb.nic.in/internet/database.ht
MEDLARS (Database) ml Curricular Education –
(Curricular
Res.)
Garvin, Bonnie
Interpersonal Communication between
& Kennedy,
Nurses and Patients – Measures
Mehrabian’s Emotional Carol
http://www.kaaj.com/psych/scales/e individual differences in the tendency to
Empathy Scale (Mehrabian & (Interpersonal mp.html feel and vicariously experience the
Epstein, 1972) Communication
emotional experiences (both positive
between Nurses
and negative) of others.
& Patients)
Pain/Combined Assessment – A
questionnaire incorporating a series of
Melzack Pain Index (Melzack, www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical
.htm adjectives to describe the
1975)
characteristics and intensity of pain
(McGill Pain Questionnaire).
Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms – A
10-item four-point clinician-rated scale
which measures awareness,
Memorial Delirium disorientation, short-term memory
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h
Assessment Scale (MDAS) tm impairment, impaired digit span, shift
(Breibart, et al., 1996) attention, disorganized thinking,
perceptual disturbance, delusions,
psychometric activity, and disorder of
arousal.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 92
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Symptom Experiences of Children and
Adolescents with Cancer / Pain /
General Symptoms / Vulnerable
Populations – Assesses the prevalence
of a full range of both physical and
psychological symptoms according to
severity, frequency, and distress. It has
32 symptoms and three dimensions of
frequency, severity, and distress.
http://www.mywhatever.com/cifwrite
r/content/41/pe1262.html Shorter versions The Memorial
Symptom Assessment Scale Short
Docherty, http://www.future- Form (32 symptoms with one
Sharron drugs.com/doi/abs/10.1586/147371 dimension) and the Condensed
67.4.2.171;jsessionid=oeYWa7Kba
Memorial Symptom (Symptom Ed_?cookieSet=1&journalCode=er Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale
Assessment Scale (MSAS) Experiences , p (14 symptoms with one dimension),
(Chang, Hwang, Feuerman, Children with and a version for children aged 7 12
Kasimis & Thaler, 2000; Cancer); www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/emotion. years, have also been developed. A
htm
Portenoy, et al., 1994) Portillo, CJ, et al distinctive feature is the summary
(HIV www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h subscales for physical distress,
Symptoms) tm psychological distress, and The Global
Distress Index. The Memorial Symptom
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical
.htm Assessment Scale has proven useful in
description of symptom epidemiology,
the role of symptoms in pain, fatigue,
and spirituality; as a predictor of
survival, and in proxy assessments of
pain. The Memorial Symptom
Assessment Scale has been used in
studies of cancer and AIDS patients,
and patients with advanced medical
illnesses.
Caregiver Well Being/Disease-Specific
– A 24-item self-administered
questionnaire adapted from the
Memory and Behavior Problems
Memory and Behavior
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb Checklist. Revised version includes
Problems Checklist, Revised urden.htm three subscales (memory-related
(RMBPC) (Teri, et al., 1992)
problems, symptoms of depression,
and disruptive behaviors) for frequency
of problem behaviors and caregiver
reactions to these behaviors.
http://www.psych.ufl.edu/~west/ms
McDougall, eq.refs.htm
Memory Efficacy Cognitive Intervention among Older
Graham, Jr.,
Questionnaire (Lachman, et http://www.nur.utexas.edu/FacHom Adults – Measure of memory self-
(Cognitive
al., 1987) e/gmcdougall/Documents/macdoug efficacy.
Intervention)
alkkang2.pdf
Conceptual Model for Women’s Health
Research: Reclaiming Menopause as
an Exemplar of Nursing’s Contributions
Andrist, Linda &
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ to Feminist Scholarship – A 28-item
Menopause Symptom MacPherson,
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub scale; symptoms are operationally
Checklist (Neugarten & Kathleen Med&list_uids=9253138&dopt=Abs defined, scored separately for both
Kraines, 1965) (Reclaiming tract
frequency of occurrence and severity
Menopause)
upon 6-point rating scales which
provide sensitivity in detecting changes
in symptomatology.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 93
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Menopause – Quality of life
questionnaire for menopause with 29-
Menopause-Specific Quality question index which included
www.ccwu.edu/Thesis_Caico/disse
of Life (MENQOL) (Hilditch, rtation.htm questions on sexual symptoms; good
Lewis, et al., 1996) tool for determining if menopause is
interfering with a woman’s quality of
life.
Mensi Questionnaire (Sarrel, www.ccwu.edu/Thesis_Caico/disse Menopause – A 20-item index of
1999) rtation.htm menopausal symptoms.
Menstrual Distress Woods, Nancy Women’s Health – Useful method for
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/ab
Questionnaire (MDQ) (Moos, Fugate stract/130/3/265 assessing menstrual distress;
1968) (Women’s Hlth.) questionnaire covered one full cycle.
Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms – A
Mental Adjustment to Cancer
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h 40-item instrument that measures
Scale (MAC) (Watson, et al., tm fighting spirit, anxious preoccupation,
1988)
helpless-hopelessness and fatalism.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Krulewitch, C query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=11174744&dopt=Ab Research on Alcohol Use – Test at 15
(Alcohol
Mental Developmental Index stract months to determine effect of alcohol
Consumption
(MDI) consumption during pregnancy (part of
During http://www.childrenshospital.org/res
the Bayley scale).
Pregnancy) earch/mrrc/investigators/newburger
/research.html
Mental Health Inventory www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/emotion. Emotional Symptoms – Used with
(Ware, 1979) htm Hospice patients.
Mental Test Score and
Alzheimer’s Disease – Assess the
Abbreviated Mental Test http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
ales.htm degree of cognitive function,
Score (MTS) (Hodkinson,
particularly memory and orientation.
1972)
Mentorship – Used to assess the
frequency, characteristics, and
importance of the mentor-protege
Vance, Connie http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ relationship among female nurse
Mentor Scales (Pierce, 1983; & Olson, query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=1573116&dopt=Abs academicians. This descriptive study
Gilbert, 1985) Roberta
tract consisted of a self-administered
(Mentorship)
questionnaire packet of a demographic
data sheet and a modified format of
five mentor scales.
Mentorship – Mentors rated how often
Vance, Connie
they communicated electronically with
& Olson, http://staff.washington.edu/sherylb/j
Mentor Survey (Just, 1989) rte.01.html Scholars, what topics they discussed,
Roberta
and their levels of enjoyment in
(Mentorship)
exchanging e-mail.
Vance, Connie http://www.puc.state.tx.us/about/pro
curement/hub/Men_Prot_Pro.pdf
Mentor-Protégé Survey & Olson,
Mentorship –
(MPS) (Spengler, 1982) Roberta http://63.98.82.51/imppa/activities.h
(Mentorship) tm
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 94
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Opiate Abuse in Pregnancy – Tests the
cognitive ability of children between the
ages of 3 years, 0 months and 5 years,
11 months. The scale evaluates
content of thinking and the process of
thinking (forming new concepts). It
assesses two types of thought content
(semantic and figural) and two types of
Lindenberg, http://www.slosson.com/productCat thought processes (productive thinking
Cathy & Keith, 6745.ctlg
Merrill-Palmer Scale (Ball, and evaluative). Semantic Production
Ann (Opiate
Merrifield & Stott, 1978) http://www.centerforautism.com/ass involves the use of language or other
Abuse in
essment/descriptions.asp means of communication. Tests in this
Pregnancy)
area tap the availability and flow of
ideas. Semantic Evaluation requires
judging whether a given action,
statement, or configuration fits a given
criterion. Figural Production involves
production of a variety of responses by
using a crayon or pencil or sticks or by
describing ink blots.
http://www.findarticles.com/p/article
s/mi_m2405/is_1_126/ai_54626719
McDougall, /pg_2
Metamemory in Adulthood Cognitive Intervention among Older
Graham, Jr.,
Questionnaire (MIA) (Dixon, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Adults – A measure of affect, beliefs,
(Cognitive
Hultsch, & Hertzog, 1988) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pub and knowledge.
Intervention)
med&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8795
061
Sullivan,
Methods for Dealing with Eleanor &
Nurse Impairment Handley, http://www.academon.com/lib/essa
y/substance-abuse-elderly.html Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Nurses –
Questionnaire (Lachicotte & Sandra (Alcohol
Alexander, 1990) & Drug Abuse in
Nurses)
Preschool Children / Nursing Research
Fleming, in Philippines – Restandardization of
Juanita the Denver Developmental Screening
(Preschool http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Test, designed as an aid in identifying
Metro-Manila Developmental
Children); query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub delays in the development and
Screening Tests, (Williams, Med&list_uids=6564523&dopt=Abs
Williams, behavior of child, The Metro-Manilla
1984) tract
Phoebe D. test was done in the Philippines
(Nsg. Research between 1977 to 1980 with 6,006
in Philippines) children between the ages of 2 weeks
and 6-1/2 years.
Midtown Educational
Multiple Character Trait – Measures
Foundation Character www.character.org/resources/asses
sment/ students’ attitudes toward a broad
Questionnaire (Murphy,
range of character-related behaviors.
1997)
www.outcomes-
trust.org/instruments.htm
Condition-Specific Instrument – A self-
http://www.findarticles.com/p/article administered instrument covering areas
Migraine Specific Quality of s/mi_m0689/is_n1_v42/ai_1787260
of specific concern to persons with
Life Questionnaire (MSQOL) 5
migraines. Addresses three factors of
(Glaxo Wellcome, Inc., 1992)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ role restrictive, role preventive and
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub emotional function.
Med&list_uids=10759923&dopt=Ab
stract
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 95
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Fleming, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Preschool Children – Assessed
Milani Comparetti Screening Juanita query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=2469092&dopt=Abs developmental characteristics of
Test (Trembath, 1977) (Preschool
tract infants.
Children)
Social Climate – Assesses seven
Military Environment www.chce.reserach.med.va.gov/ dimensions of the social environment
Inventory (MEI) (Moos, n.d.)
of varied types of military contexts.
http://buros.unl.edu/buros/jsp/revie
Christman, ws.jsp?item=06001593
Mill Hill Vocabulary Test Men in Nursing – Provides a measure
Luther (Men in
(Raven, 1962) http://www.jcravenltd.com/productrv of acquired verbal knowledge.
Nursing)
s.htm
Health Promotion – Developed to
Pender, Nola http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ assess attitudes of post-myocardial
Miller Health Attitude Scale query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
(Health Med&list_uids=6918917&dopt=Abs infarction patients toward performance
(Miller, et al., 1982)
Promotion) tract of prescribed behaviors of their medical
regimen.
Family Assessment – A 160-item, self-
Millon Adolescent Clinical
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages report personality inventory to measure
Inventory (MACI) (Millon, /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html adolescent personality characteristics
1993)
and clinical syndromes.
Psychoneuroimmunological Studies In
HIV Disease – Was normed on patients
with chronic medical conditions and
provides information that can guide
McCain, Nancy
physicians, psychologists, nurses and
& Zeller, Janice
Millon Behavioral Health other professionals toward a broader
(Psychoneuro- http://www.pearsonassessments.co
Inventory (Millon, Green & m/tests/mbmd.htm understanding of a patient's
immunological
Meagher, 1982) biopsychosocial health. The test was
Studies in HIV
designed to help increase the
Disease)
probability of positive healthcare
treatment outcomes, which may reduce
medical utilization and the overall costs
of care.
Family Assessment – Adult self-report
Millon Clinical Multiaxial personality inventory that measures
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
Inventory III (MCMI-III) /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html psychopathology; particularly useful in
(Millon, 1994) the differential diagnosis of a variety of
personality disorders.
Foreman,
Marquis (Acute
Confusion in Acute Confusion in the Elderly / Urinary
http://www.medafile.com/mmses.ht
Elderly); Incontinence in Older Adults / Delirium
m
Mini-Mental Status McCormick, Intervention Research in Acute Care
Examination (MMSE) Kathleen & http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/i Settings – MMSE can be used as a
(Folstein, Folstein & McHugh, Palmer, Mary q_test.html#24A screening test or as a diagnostic aid in
1975) (Urinary Incont. http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
a clinical examination. It is a valid
In Older Adults); ales.htm screening tool for cognitive disorders in
Cronin-Stubbs, community and hospital settings.
Diane (Delirium
Intervention)
Family Assessment – Inventory to
Minnesota Importance measure 20 psychological needs and
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
Questionnaire (Rounds, et /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html six underlying values found to be
al., 1981) relevant to work adjustment,
specifically to satisfaction of work.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 96
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Marek, K. &
Baker, C.
(Nurse Home
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Visit) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Patient Safety – QOL tool developed
Med&list_uids=1529875&dopt=Cita specifically for heart failure patients.
Minnesota Living with Heart Fahs, Pamela tion
Failure Instrument (LlhFE) Stewart & Rural Health – In this context, indicated
http://www.canis.uiuc.edu/archive/p
(Rector & Cohn, 1992) Kalman, that ―frontier patients were having more
apers/chf-heart-submit.pdf
Melanie (Nsg. symptoms that interfered with their
Res. to Meet http://www.mlhfq.org/ lives than did urban patients.‖
Hlth. Care
Needs of Rural
Populations)
Health Promotion – Energy expenditure
Minnesota Metabolic Activity http://aje.oupjournals.org/cgi/conten
t/abstract/139/12/1197 in leisure time activity was calculated
Index (Cooper, 1969)
using this index.
Family Assessment – A 567-item, self-
report personality inventory intended to
measure psychopathology in adults.
(MMPI-2 is a revision of the original
®
MMPI by Starke R. Hathaway, PhD,
and J. Charnley McKinley, MD; 1989)
Relevant to a range of contemporary
www.pearsonassessments.com/tes applications, the MMPI-2 instrument
Minnesota Multiphasic Benoliel, ts/mmpi_2.htm
remains the most widely used and
Personality Inventory (MMPI) Jeanne Quint
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages widely researched test of adult
(Sanders, 1979) (Death & Dying)
/~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html psychopathology. Used by clinicians to
assist with the diagnosis of mental
disorders and the selection of
appropriate treatment methods, the
MMPI-2 test continues to help meet the
assessment needs of mental health
professionals in an ever-changing
environment.
Minnesota Multiphasic Family Assessment – A 478-item, self-
Benoliel,
Personality Inventory for http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages report personality inventory intended to
Jeanne Quint /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html
Adolescents (MMPI-A) measure psychopathology in
(Death & Dying)
(Butchers, et al., 1992) adolescents.
http://pubs.aged.tamu.edu/jae/pdf/V Mentorship – A well-regarded measure
Vance, Connie
Minnesota Satisfaction ol31/31-01-52.pdf of job satisfaction. (In ―Handbook of
& Olson,
Questionnaire (Weiss, Dawis, Tests and Measurement in Education
Roberta
England & Lofquist, 1967) http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~psyc23 and the Social Sciences,‖ by Lester &
(Mentorship) 1/Readings/arveyetal89.htm
Lloyd, 1997.)
Measures teacher attitudes and high
scores on the scale represent teachers
who prefer to maintain a state of
harmonious relations with their pupils
Minnesota Teacher Attitude http://jaie.asu.edu/v29/V29S3tea.ht
m characterized by mutual affection and
Inventory (Cook, et al., 1951)
sympathetic understanding. (In
―Handbook of Tests and Measurement
in Education and the Social Sciences,‖
by Lester & Lloyd, 1997.)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 97
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Shishani, K.,
Sohn, M.,
Minnesota Withdrawal Scale
Okada, A., &
(MWS; Hughes, Benowitz,
Froelicher, E.S.
Hatsukami, Mermelstein, & http://www.uvm.edu/~hbpl/?Page= Tobacco – Measures tobacco
(Nrsg. minnesota/default.html
Shiffman, 2004; Piper et al., withdrawal.
Interventions in
2008)
Tobacco-
Dependent
Patients)
McCain, Nancy
& Zeller, Janice
http://www.nurses.info/nursing_theo Psychoneuroimmunological Studies IN
Mishel Uncertainty in Illness (Psychoneuro- ry_midrange_theories_merle_mish HIV Disease – Measures correlation
Scale (Mishel, 1981, 1984) immunological el.htm between uncertainty and quality of life.
Studies in HIV
Disease)
http://www.dyingwell.com/MVQOLI.
htm
Quality of Life Instrument – Is
Missoula-VITAS Quality of www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht specifically designed to evaluate the
Life Index (Byock, 1995) m patient's experience of quality of life
during advanced illness.
http://www.mywhatever.com/cifwrite
r/content/18/dw51.html
Research on Alcohol Use – Survey of
Loveland-
adolescents in grade 12, extended to
Cherry, CJ
grades 8 and 10 in 1991, on substance
(Alcohol,
abuse of adolescents in private and
Children &
http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/ public schools. Since 1975 the MTF
Monitoring the Future (MTF) Adolescents);
survey has measured drug, alcohol,
Survey (1975, 1991; Boyd, CJ, http://www.drugabuse.gov/DrugPag and cigarette use and related attitudes
University of Michigan) McCabe, SE & es/MTF.html
among adolescent students
Morales, M
nationwide. Survey participants report
(College
their drug use behaviors across three
Students’
time periods: lifetime, past year, and
Alcohol Use)
past month.
Alzheimer’s Disease – Was designed
Montgomery-Asberg
as a measure of change in studies of
Depression Rating Scale http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
ales.htm the treatment of depression, evaluates
(MADRS) (Montgomery &
10 areas of depressive
Asberg, 1979)
symptomotology.
Shishani, K.,
Sohn, M.,
Mood and Physical Okada, A., &
Symptoms Scale (West & Froelicher, E.S.
http://www.springerlink.com/content Tobacco – Measures tobacco
Hajek, 2004; West, Hajek, & (Nrsg. /u8t4e6f4q0v11naf/ withdrawal.
Belcher, 1989a, 1989b; West Interventions in
& Russell 1985a, 1985b) Tobacco-
Dependent
Patients)
Van Riper,
The Sibling Experience of Living with
Marcia (Sibling
http://www.covenanthealth.com/col Childhood Chronic Illness and
Mood Scale (Sahler & Experience,
dfusionapplication/covhlthwhatsnew Disability – Scale determines whether
Carpenter, 1989) Childhood /detail.cfm?Post_ID=3668 you might be suffering from
Chronic Illness,
depression.
Disability)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 98
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Moral Reasoning & Ethical Practice /
Values – Requires subjects to generate
verbalizations in response to open-
ended questions and is focused on
situations of conflicting rights and
distribution of scarce resources. The
Interview scoring results in assigning a
http://faculty.plts.edu/gpence/html/k subject to a stage of moral reasoning,
Moral Judgment Interview Ketefian, Shaké
ohlberg.htm and involves interviewing subjects on a
(Kohlberg, Levine & Hewer, (Moral
series of moral dilemmas, transcribing
1984; Colby & Kohlberg, Reasoning & www.character.org/resources/asses those dilemmas, and then scoring the
1987) Ethical Practice) sment/
subject’s responses using the
procedures described in the manual
(―The Measurement of Moral
Judgment: Standard Issue Scoring
Manual‖). The procedures are time-
consuming, expensive and require a
high degree of sophistication on the
part of the scorer.
Moral Reasoning / Values – Measures
the degree to which a subject’s
Moral Judgment Test (Lind, www.character.org/resources/asses judgments (for and against a position)
1998) sment/ about a moral dilemma are morally
consistent (modeled after Rest’s
Defining Issues Test).
Side Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy
Morrow Assessment of
Dodd, Marylin – To assess the frequency, severity
Nausea & Emesis (Morrow, http://www.proqolid.org/public/MAN
(Side Effects of E.html and duration of pre- and post-
1986; Morrow & Morrell,
CA Chemo) chemotherapy related nausea and
1982)
emesis.
Nursing Research on Patient Falls in
Morse, Janice Healthcare Institutions/Patient Safety –
http://www.nursing.upenn.edu/cent
(Nsg. Res. On ers/hcgne/gero_tips/PDF_files/Mors A rapid and simple method of
Pt. Falls in e_Fall_Scale.htm assessing a patient’s likelihood of
Morse Fall Scale (Morse,
Hlthcare Inst.); falling. It identifies the fall-prone
Morse & Tylko, 1989) http://www.premierinc.com/all/safet
Currie, L. (Fall & patient and consists of six items:
y/resources/falls/downloads/S-05-
Injury morse-fall-scale.doc history of falling, secondary diagnosis,
Prevention) use of an ambulatory aid, intravenous,
gait, and mental status.
Condition-Specific Instrument /
Vulnerable Populations – A brief,
comprehensive health status measure
MOS-HIV Health Survey
containing 35 questions that measure
(MOS-HIV) (Wu, Hays, Kelly, www.outcomes- 10 dimensions of health: general
Malitz & Bozzette, 1997; Wu Portillo, CJ, et al trust.org/instruments.htm
health perceptions, pain, physical
Revicki, Jacobson & Malitz, (HIV
http://faculty.jhsph.edu/?F=Albert&L functioning, role functioning, social
1997; Carretero, Burgess, Symptoms)
=Wu functioning, energy/fatigue, mental
Soler, Soler, & Catalonm
health, health distress, cognitive
1996; Wu, 1996)
function, and quality of life.
Instrument used in research to
assess HIV/AIDS-related symptoms.
Nursing & Parent Experience – A 19-
Mother Antenatal Attachment http://www.ingentaconnect.com/con
item questionnaire designed to
Scale (MAAS) (Condon, tent/jws/uog/2005/00000025/00000
005/art00009 measure antenatal emotional
1993)
attachment.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 99
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Preschool Children – A Likert-style
Fleming,
instrument assessing parental
Mother-Child Relationship Juanita http://www.fact.on.ca/Info/pas/lamp
el96.htm acceptance of children, overprotective
Evaluation (Roth, 1961) (Preschool
and overindulgent attitudes, and
Children)
parental rejection of children.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Nursing & Parent Experience – Used to
Mother-Infant Play Interaction Med&list_uids=1921098&dopt=Abs
assess differences in mother-infant
Scale (MIPIS) (Murray, et al., tract
interaction between groups of women
1996)
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/ful with or without postnatal depression.
l/184/46/s38
Academic Attitudes Instrument – A 56-
item self-report measure, rated on a 7-
Motivated Strategies for point Likert scale, related to
www.character.org/resources/asses
Learning Questionnaire sment/ motivational beliefs. The scales are
(Pintrich & De Groot, 1990) self-efficacy, intrinsic value, test
anxiety, cognitive use strategies, and
self-regulation.
Smoking Cessation: Research on
O’Connell, Relapse Crises – Measure to
http://www.findarticles.com/p/article
Motivation for Smoking Scale Kathleen s/mi_qa3804/is_200204/ai_n90322
determine whether certain subject
(Ikard, Green & Horn, 1969) (Smoking 59/pg_2 characteristics predisposed ex-
Cessation) smokers to experience certain types of
relapse crises.
School Age Children – For observing
Motor Activity Rating Scale Denyes, Mary
and symbolically recording body
(MARS) (Fitzpatrick & (School Age www.ukppg.org.uk/
positions, body movements, and
Donovan, 1979) Children)
intensity of body movements.
MOUSEPAD – The
Alzheimer’s Disease – Main indication
Manchester and Oxford
for use of the scale is the
Universities Scales for the http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
ales.htm measurements of psychiatric
Psychopathological
symptoms and behavioral changes in
Assessment of Dementia
patients with dementia.
(Allen, et al., 1996)
Rice, Virginia
Hill (Building the
Tobacco – Behaviors, attitudes, and
MTF/Monitoring the Future State of the
http://www.nida.nih.gov/drugpages/ values, including tobacco use, of
Survey (National Institute on Science/ MTF.html secondary school students, college
Drug Abuse, 1975, 1991) Monitoring the
students, and young adults.
Tobacco
Epidemic)
Caregiver Well Being / General – An
18-item tool measuring 6 dimensions of
Multidimensional Caregiver subjective response to stressors
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
Strain Index (MCSI) (Stull, urden.htm (including physical strain, social
1996) constraints, financial strain, time
constraints, interpersonal strain, and
elder demanding/manipulative).
Health Promotion / Chronic Mental
Illness – Is a widely used measure of
http://hpq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/ the factors that people believe exert
Multidimensional Health
Fox, Jeanne abstract/6/4/447 some control over their health. It was
Locus of Control (MHLC)
(Chronic Mental used to measure perceptions of control
Scale (Wallston, Wallston & http://www.med.usf.edu/~kmbrown/
Illness) over personal health status; consists of
DeVellis, 1978) MHLC_Scale.htm
three subscales – internality, externality
– chance, and externality – powerful
others.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 100
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Multidimensional Observation Newman, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Scale for Elderly Subjects Margaret (Hlth. query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Health Conceptualization – Set of
(MOSES) (Caspo & Short, Conceptualiza- Med&list_uids=3598087&dopt=Abs behavior rating scales.
tract
1987) tion)
Cognitive Intervention among Older
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Adults – Systematically assesses
McDougall, query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub behavioral competence in the domains
Multilevel Assessment Med&list_uids=7053405&dopt=Abs
Graham, Jr., of health, activities of daily living,
Instrument (Lawton, et al., tract
(Cognitive cognition, time use, and social
1982)
Intervention) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ interaction and in the sectors of
bv.fcgi?rid=hstat4.section.22641 psychological wellbeing and perceived
environmental quality.
Special Populations – A 14-item
Multiple Acculturation Scale Hilfinger, M & acculturation scale that included daily
http://www-
(Burnam, Hough, Karno, Rubio, M. language use and preference in a
psych.stanford.edu/~tsailab/GEQ.ht
Escobar & Telles, 1987; Shen (Immigration & ml variety of situations, patterns of social
& Takeuchi, 2001) Health) contact, and participation in cultural
events among Chinese Americans.
Lindeman,
Carol (Pt. Ed.)
Roy, Sister Patient Education / Human Information
Multiple Affect Adjective List
Callista (Human http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/ Processing / Side Effects of Cancer
(Zuckerman & Lubin, 1965;
Info Processing) per_test.html#77A Chemotherapy – A 132-item inventory
Burish & Houston, 1979)
Dodd, Marylin of moods and feelings.
(Side Effects of
CA Chemo)
Chronic Mental Illness – The symptom
rating scales are typically quantified for
the individual symptoms on Likert
scales for 0 (not present) to 1 (mild), 2
(moderate), 3 (marked), and 4
Multi-state Information Fox, Jeanne (severe). In contrast, the diagnostic
http://www.cnsforum.com/resources
System Symptom Rating (Chronic Mental /ratingpsychiatry/ symptoms are scored 0 (not present)
(MSIS) (Lasha, et al., 1972) Illness) and 1 (present), i.e. checklist-oriented.
Moreover, the total score is often the
sufficient or appropriate statistic for a
symptom rating scale, while an
algorithm is used in the diagnostic
systems.
Multivariate Acculturation
Scales (Cuellar, Harris & Hilfinger, M & http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Special Populations – Multivariate
Jasso, 1980; Marin, Sabogal, Rubio, M. query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub scale which have incorporated ethnic
Marin, Ortero-Sabogal & (Immigration & Med&list_uids=8378809&dopt=Abs identification, values, and structural
tract
Perez-Stable, 1987; Health) location.
Mendoza, 1989)
Family Assessment – A 70-item self-
Murphy Meisgeier Type report personality inventory that
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
Indicator for Children /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html measures interpersonal style in
(Meisgeier & Murphy, 1987) children modeled after the MBTI for
adults (grades 2-8).
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 101
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Family Assessment – Self-report
personality inventory intended to
measure interpersonal style as
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages theorized by Carol Jung. Dimensions
(MBTI) (Myers & McCaulley, /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html include thinking/feeling, introversion/
1985)
extroversion, sensing/perceiving and
intuitive/judging (for adolescents and
adults).
Myself as a Mother Nursing & Parent Experience –
Instrument (Walker, Crain & http://www.mcnjournal.com Measures the evaluative dimension of
Thompson, 1986) maternal identity.
Health Risk Behaviors for Hispanic
Women – Assesses both the extent to
th th
which adolescent students (8 -10
grades) in the United States may be at
risk for several important health
problems and their perceptions of
these risks. Survey findings provide a
Torres, Sara & http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/
mmwrhtml/00001362.htm national profile of adolescent students'
Villarruel,
health-related knowledge, beliefs, and
National Adolescent Student Antonia (Hlth
http://vinst.umdnj.edu/VAID/TestRe behaviors. The survey addressed
Health Survey (1987) Risk Behav for port.asp?Code=NASHS specific health-related topics for which
Hispanic
http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/ little or no data exist: unintentional
Women)
injuries; fighting and violence; suicide;
use of tobacco, alcoholic beverages,
and drugs; acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS); sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs); nutrition and eating
habits; and use of health products and
services.
Mercer,
Community Nursing – Can obtain
National Center for Health Ramona
www.cdc.gov/nchs/ number of births in young woman (15-
Statistics (Teenage
19 years).
Pregnancy)
Burnes-Bolton,
L, Newman-
Health Disparities & Vulnerable Pops –
Giger, J &
Measured use of mental health
Georges, CA
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.ht services. The NHANES 1999-2004
National Health & Nutrition (Racial Barriers
m survey is designed to give an annual
Examination Survey to Health Care)
sample that is nationally
(NHAMES) (1996-1998; http://www.qualitytools.ahrq.gov/qu
representative, and approximately
1998-1994 – NHAMES III; Villarruel, AM & alityreport/browse/browse.aspx?id=
5334 5,000 people are examined at 15
Kataoka, Zhang & Wells, Koniak-Griffin,
locations each year, with over sampling
2002) D (Lifestyle
of African Americans, Mexican
Behav Interven
Americans, adolescents, older persons
w/Hispanic
and low income whites.
Children &
Adults)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 102
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Childhood Nutrition – National Health
Examination Survey, Cycle III (NHES
III) was conducted on a nationwide
probability sample of 7,514 youths 12-
17 years of age. Of the 7,514 youths
Kennedy,
National Health Examination selected for the sample, 6,768 (90
Christine http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/e
Survey, Cycle II & III (CDC, lec_prods/subject/nhes3.htm percent) were examined. Adjusted
(Childhood
3/66 – 3/70) sampling weights were computed in
Nutrition)
order to inflate the sample so as to
closely reflect the 23 million youths in
the U.S. population at that time in
terms of age, sex, and certain other
demographic characteristics.
National Health Information Motivation for Physical Activity Among
Pender, Nola
Survey – Youth Risk Children and Adolescence – Was
(Physical http://www.socio.com/srch/summar
Behavior Survey (CDC; 1992, y/cwp/cwp0813.htm
established to monitor the prevalence
Activity Among
1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, and of youth behaviors that most influence
Youth)
2001) health.
National Hospice
Satisfaction –An 11-item survey that
Organization Family www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/satisfied
.htm asks about satisfaction with aspects of
Satisfaction Survey (NHO,
hospice care.
1996)
Pain/Combined Assessment – An
National Hospital Study
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical instrument that incorporated the
(Greer, 1983, 1988; Reuben, .htm Melzack Pain Index and assessed 14
1988)
symptoms.
Health Risk Behaviors for Hispanic
Women – Annual survey of the civilian,
noninstitutionalized population of the
United States aged 12 years old or
Torres, Sara &
http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nhsda/ older. Prior to 2002, the survey was
Villarruel,
2k3nsduh/2k3Overview.htm#toc called the National Household Survey
National Household Survey of Antonia (Hlth
on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) and presents
Drug Use (NIDA, 1987) Risk Behav for http://www.health.org/govstudy/bkd national estimates of rates of use,
Hispanic 376/
numbers of users, and other measures
Women)
related to illicit drugs, alcohol, and
tobacco products. Measures related to
mental health problems also are
included.
Hughes, TL
(Alcohol Use & http://www.pop.psu.edu/data-
National Lesbian Health Care Alcohol-related archive/whda-datasets.htm Research on Alcohol Use – Survey that
Survey (NLHCS) (Bradford & Problems helped define lesbian health and
Ryan, 1984-85) Among http://www.glma.org/pub/jglma/vol3/ mental health issues.
3/j33ryan.shtml
Lesbians & Gay
Men)
Handley, SM & Research on Alcohol Use – Survey
National Longitudinal Alcohol
Ward-Smith, P was conducted to determine the rates
Epidemiologic Survey http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/aging/c
(Alcohol of alcohol and other drug use and
(Conducted by the National hap7.htm
Misuse, Abuse abuse by age cohort and gender. It
Institute on Alcohol Abuse
& Addiction in http://niaaa.census.gov/ concluded age at onset of drinking was
and Alcoholism (NIAAA),
Young & Middle a primary risk factor for lifetime alcohol
1992)
Adulthood) dependency.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 103
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Research on Alcohol Use – 1979
Survey: Survey of men and women
born in the years 1957-64; respondents
were ages 14-22 when first interviewed
in 1979. 1997 Survey: Survey of young
Handley, SM &
men and women born in the years
Ward-Smith, P
http://www.bls.gov/nls/home.htm 1980-84; respondents were ages 12-17
(Alcohol
National Longitudinal Survey when first interviewed in 1997. These
Misuse, Abuse http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/issue
of Youth (1979, 1997) are a set of surveys designed to gather
& Addiction in s/ecopop3.asp
information at multiple points in time on
Young & Middle
the labor market activities and other
Adulthood)
significant life events of several groups
of men and women. For more than 3
decades, NLS data have served as an
important tool for economists,
sociologists, and other researchers.
Research on Alcohol Use – To provide
a context in which to place women’s
experiences, the National Violence
Against Women (NVAW) Survey
sampled both women and men. Thus
National Violence Agains the survey provides comparable data
http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles/172837 on women’s and men’s experiences
Women (NVAW) Survey
.pdf
(National Institute of Justice & Corte, CM & with violent victimization. Respondents
Centers for Disease Control Sommers, MS http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/nij/183 to the NVAW Survey were queried
& Prevention jointly (Alcohol & Risky 781.txt about:
sponsored survey – through a Behaviors) Physical assault they experienced
http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A087
grant to the Center for Policy 5303.html as children by adult caretakers.
Research, 1995-96) Physical assault they experienced
as adults by any type of
perpetrator.
Forcible rape or stalking they
experienced at any time in their life
by any type of perpetrator.
Foreman,
Acute Confusion in the Elderly /
Marquis (Acute
Delirium Intervention Research in
Confusion in
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Acute Care Settings / Intervention for
NEECHAM Confusion Scale Elderly); query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Cognitive Impairment and Neuro-
(Neelon, Champagne & Cronin-Stubbs, Med&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8941
behavioral Disturbances of Older
McDonnell, 1985; Neelon, Diane (Delirium 300
Adults – Used for the rapid and
Champagne, McConnell, Intervention);
http://square.umin.ac.jp/watanuki/d unobtrusive assessment and
Carlson & Funk, 1992) Cronin-Stubbs, elirium_E.htm monitoring of acute confusion of
Diane
hospitalized elderly patients and,
(Research
specifically, measures delirium.
Synthesis)
Zanotti, Renzo Nursing Research in Italy – Designed
Needs Evolution Tool
(Nsg. Research None Found to predict the changing care needs of
(Ambrogio & Gori, 1997)
in Italy) the elderly.
Satisfaction – Consists of nine items
Needs Satisfaction Scale www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/satisfied
.htm based on Hampe’s research on needs
(Dawson, 1991)
of a grieving family (Hampe, 1975).
http://www.son.washington.edu/cen
Kelley, Susan ters/parenting-clinic/forms.asp
Negative Behaviors Checklist
(Child Sex Child Sexual Abuse: Initial Effects –
(Morrell & Sorrell, 1989) http://www.incredibleyears.com/trai
Abuse)
ner-resources/evaluation-forms/
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 104
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Family Assessment – A concise
Neo Personality Inventory,
measure of five domains of normal
Revised (NEO PI-R) and Neo http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
/~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html adult personality trains: neuroticism,
Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-
extraversion, openness,
FFI) (Costa & McCrae, 1992)
agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
Barnard,
Kathryn
Infants & Young Children / Neuro-
(Infants &
behavioral Effects of Childhood Lead
Young
Exposure – The Neonatal Behavioral
Children);
Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) is designed
Krowchuk, Heidi
Assessment Scale www.brazelton-institute.com to examine individual differences in
vonKoss
(Brazelton, 1973) newborn behavior and is appropriate
(Neuro-
for infants up to two months of age. It is
behavioral
the most comprehensive examination
Effects of
of newborn behavior available today.
Childhood Lead
Exp)
Neonatal Facial Coding http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/
Hester, Nancy bv.fcgi?rid=hstat6.section.32536 Pain in Children – Assessment of pain
System (Grunau & Craig,
(Pain in in the neonate; heel lance was used as
1987, 1990; Grunau, http://jpepsy.oupjournals.org/cgi/co
Children) a model of procedural pain.
Johnston & Cragi, 1990) ntent/abstract/19/3/305
Breakthroughs in Scientific Research:
http://www.cebp.nl/media/m297.pdf
Neonatal Morbidity Scale Donaldson, Sue The Discipline of Nursing, 1960-1999 –
(Minde, Whitelaw, et al., (Breakthroughs http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Was developed to evaluate the
1983; Medoff-Cooper & in Scientific query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub relationship between the severity of
Med&list_uids=9538585&dopt=Abs
Gennaro, 1996) Research) complications in premature infants and
tract
subsequent maternal-child interactions.
Nursing & Parent Experience – A 12-
McBride,
Neonatal Perception item Likert scale with two subscales,
Angela Baron
Inventory (NPI) (Broussard & www.brazelton-institute.com each measuring mothers’ perception of
(Nsg. & Parent
Hartner, 1970, 1971) their infants, comparing her infant to an
Exp.)
average infant.
Acute Confusion in the Elderly – The
multiple domains of cognitive function
are evaluated independently and a
profile of function is generated. It is a
screening examination that assesses
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ cognition in a brief but quantitative
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=3631786&dopt=Abs
fashion, uses independent tests to
Neurobehavioral Cognitive Foreman,
tract evaluate functioning within five major
Status Examination (Kiernan, Marquis (Acute
cognitive ability areas: language,
Mueller, Langston & Van Confusion in http://www.haworthpress.com/store/ constructions, memory, calculations,
Dyke, 1987) Elderly) E-
Text/View_EText.asp?a=3&fn=J01
and reasoning. The examination
8v21n04_05&i=4&s=J018&v=21 separately assesses level of
consciousness, orientation, and
attention. This instrument quickly
identifies intact areas of functioning, yet
provides more detailed assessment in
areas of dysfunction.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 105
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Alzheimer’s Disease – Evaluates a
wider range of psychopathology than
comparable instruments. It may help to
distinguish between different causes of
Neuropsychiatric Inventory dementia, records severity and
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
(NPI) (Cummings, et al., ales.htm frequency separately. It assesses 10
1994) domains: delusions, hallucinations,
dysphoria, anxiety, agitation/
aggression, euphoria, disinhibition,
irritability/lability, apathy, and aberrant
motor behavior.
Caregiver Well Being / Disease-
Specific – Measures the emotional or
Neuropsychiatric Inventory psychological distress of caregivers in
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
Caregiver Distress Scale urden.htm relation to 10 neuropsychiatric
(NPI-D) (Kaufer, et al., 1998) symptoms of Alzheimer’s patients
assessed by the Neuropsychiatric
Inventory (NPI).
Neurological Nursing Research –
Parsons, L.
Consisted of 7 categories – behavior,
Claire & Kidd,
Neuropsychological Severity emotional status, attention/
Pamela Stinson www.appliedneuroscience.com
Index (Warren & Peck, 1984) concentration, motor strength, speed
(Neuro. Nsg.
and dexterity, verbal and nonverbal
Res.)
memory, and higher level thinking.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Masters, J query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Alcohol Use Research and
New Mexico Elder Health (Moderate Med&list_uids=10682878&dopt=Cit
Measurement Issues – Measure of
Survey (Univ. of New Mexico, Drinking & ation
cognitive function in New Mexico elders
1993) Cardiovascular
http://biomed.gerontologyjournals.o based on alcohol consumption.
Disease) rg/cgi/content/abstract/60/8/1065
Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms – A
New Social Desirability Scale www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h 12-item scale where patients answer
(Koller, et al., 1999) tm questions regarding social desirability
with yes or no.
Infants & Young Children – The
Newborn Behavioral Observations
(NBO) system (Nugent, Keefer,
O'Brien, Johnson, Blanchard, 2005) is
an individualized infant-focused, family-
Newborn Behavioral centered observational set. The NBO
Observations (NBO) System www.brazelton-institute.com
system is designed to be used by
(Nugent, Keefer, O'Brien, practitioners to describe an infant's
Johnson, Blanchard, 2005) competencies and individuality. The
goal of the NBO is to strengthen the
relationship between parent and child
and to promote the development of a
supportive relationship between
clinician and family.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Donaldson, Sue query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Newborn Morbidity Scale Med&list_uids=9538585&dopt=Abs Milestones in Nursing Research –
(Breakthroughs
(Verma, Okun, Maguire, et tract Used for easy assessment of the
in Scientific
al., 1996) neonate in the ICU.
Research) http://jech.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/5
9/5/420
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 106
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Conceptual Model of Nursing – Health
is defined as expanded consciousness.
The process of health is viewed
through a series of interrelationships
Silva, Mary focusing on the concepts of time,
Newman Health Model Cipriano http://www.healthasexpandingcons space, and movement, and
(Newman, 1979) (Conceptual ciousness.org/ consciousness. Time, space, and
Model of Nrsg.) movement are seen as correlates of
expanded consciousness and, thus,
affect health. The nurse’s role is to
help people move toward higher levels
of consciousness.
Hahn, E.J.,
Ashford, K.B.,
Okoli, C.T.C.,
Nicotine Dependence Scale Rayens, M.K., Tobacco – A simple linear sum of items
for Adolescents (Shiffman, Ridner, S.L., & http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/cont associated with behaviors to avoid
Hickcox, Gyns, Paty, & York, N. L. ent/abstract/6/2/295 withdrawal and items associated with
Kassel. 1995) (Nsg. Res., in experiences of craving.
Community-
Based
Approaches)
http://nursing.unc.edu/crci/instrume
nts/pssnicu/permpssn.pdf Nursing & Parent Experience –
NICU: Parental Stressor Designed to measure parental
Scale (PSS: NICU) (Miles, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ perception of stressors arising from the
Funk & Carlson, 1993) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub physical and psychosocial environment
Med&list_uids=8506163&dopt=Abs
tract of the neonatal intensive care unit.
Schwirian,
Nursing Education / Nursing Student
NLN Achievement Tests Patricia (Nrsg. www.nln.org/testprods
Research –
Student Res.)
Sills, Grayce
(Community
Nsg) Community Nursing / Social Support /
Norbeck Social Support
Norbeck, Jane www.montana.edu/cweinert/instrum Native American Health – Instrument
Questionnaire (NSSQ) ents/PRQ85.html
(Social Support) which measures both type and sources
(Norbeck, et al., 1981, 1983)
Jacobson, of social support.
Sharol (Native
Am. Health)
Adams, Mary Aging/Gerontology – At Risk Scale – /
(Aging) Pressure Ulcer Prevention and
Management – Reliable guide for
Norton Scale (Norton, 1967;
Lyder, Courtney www.woundcarehelpline.com determining those at risk for pressure
Taylor, 1980)
(Pressure Ulcer sore development. Also useful in
Prevention & assessing changes in general condition
Management) of patients.
Quality of Life/Patient Safety – A 2-
Marek, K. &
section, 46-item scale that measures
Nottingham Health Profile Baker, C. www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality.
htm physical, social, and emotional health
(Katz, 1963; Hunt, 1981) (Nurse Home
problems and their impact on
Visit)
functioning.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 107
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Rice, Virginia
NSDUH/National Survey on
Hill (Building the
Drug Use and Health Tobacco – Yearly national and state-
State of the
(Substance Abuse and level data on the use of alcohol,
Science/ https://nsduhweb.rti.org/
Mental Health Services tobacco, and illicit and nonmedical
Monitoring the
Administration, 1971 & prescription drugs.
Tobacco
yearly)
Epidemic)
http://www.va.gov/oaa/pocketcard/s
ection4.asp Pain in Older Adults – On scale, 0
Miller, Lori &
equals no pain while 10 represents the
Talerico, Karen
Numeric Rating Scale http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ worst possible pain. The number
(Pain in Older query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub reported by each patient is the pain
Adults) Med&list_uids=9145556&dopt=Abs
tract score.
Nurse Attitude Questionnaire http://inet.uni2.dk/~ctucph/attitude_ Socialization questionnaire, consisting
(NAQ) questionnaire.htm of seven attitude scales.
Chronic Mental Illness – A powerful
tool for tracking changes in patients
with severe, chronic mental illness,
such as SCHIZOPHRENIA. With
increasingly complicated medication
http://www.kennedymd.com/generic
regimes, the K NOSIE can play an
important role in helping determine
Nurses’ Observation Scale Fox, Jeanne 21.html
MEDICATION EFFECTIVENESS. It
(NOSIE) (Honigfeld, Gillis & (Chronic Mental http://www.blackwell- can also be very helpful with tracking
Klett, 1965) Illness) synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/j.136
behaviors associated with
5-2648.2004.03006.x/abs/
AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE.
The Nurses' Observation Scale for
Inpatient Evaluation is a 30-item scale
designed in 1965 for behavioral and
observational rating of psychiatric
inpatients.
The Staff Nurse Role – Consists of
standard questions on six dilemmas;
scores indicate percentage of moral
reasoning at the principled level.
Nurses’ Professional Chaska, Normal http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Measures the congruence between
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Orientation Scale (NPOS) (Staff Nurse Med&list_uids=2807331&dopt=Abs students’ perceptions and faculty
(Crocker & Brodie, 1974) Role) tract members’ conceptions of the
professional nursing role. It is a 59-
item rating scale composed of a variety
of attitudinal and behavioral attributes
of nurses.
Vance, Connie
Nurses’ Self-Description http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Mentorship – Measure of
& Olson, query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Form (Dagenais & Meleis, Med&list_uids=6924813&dopt=Abs professionalism between mentored and
Roberta
1982) tract non-mentored nurses.
(Mentorship)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Van Riper,
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Nurse-Sibling Support Marcia (Sibling Med&list_uids=11063516&dopt=Ab The Sibling Experience of Living with
Questionnaire (Hockenberry- Experience, stract Childhood Chronic Illness and
Eaton, Manteuffel, & Childhood Disability – There are parent and child
http://www.findarticles.com/p/article
Bottomley, 1997) Chronic Illness, versions.
s/mi_m0DFY/is_04_2001/ai_73734
Disability) 059
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 108
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Nursing Care Quality Assessment –
Audit tool, based upon seven legal
functions of nursing, measures the
Lang, N. &
Nursing Audit (Wandelt & quality of nursing care received by a
Clinton, J.
Phaneuf, 1972; Phaneuf, www.phaneufaviation.com patient after a cycle of care was
(Nsg. Care
1976) completed and the patient was
Quality Assess.)
discharged. Has been used for over 20
years to measure quality assurance
and job performance.
Parenting the Prematurely Born Child –
The Feeding Scale is used with infants,
birth to 1 year of age. It contains a well-
developed set of observable behaviors
that describe parent-child
Holditch-Davis,
communication and interaction during
Diane & Miles,
Nursing Child Assessment the Feeding process. The Feeding
Margaret
Feeding Scale (NCAST) http://www.ncast.org/p-pci.asp Scale is used as a guide for
(Parenting
(Barnard, 1979) intervention in clinical practice and is
Prematurely
widely used as pre and post-test
Born Child)
measures in studies. Feeding scores
from interactions with children at 12
months of age show a significant
correlation with subsequent measures
of children's cognitive abilities.
Barnard, Infants & Young Children – To identify
Nursing Child Assessment
Kathryn what early factors about the child and
Project (NCAP) (Brazelton, www.ncap.org
(Infants & environment were related to later
1973)
Young Children) developmental problems.
Native American Health – It is used to
assess the quality of the caregiver-child
teaching interaction for children from
birth to 3 years of age. The 73-item
teaching scale is organized into six
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/o subscales, four of which assess the
pre/ehs/perf_measures/reports/reso caregiver’s behavior and two the
urces_measuring/res_meas_phis.ht
ml child’s. The four caregiver subscales
Nursing Child Assessment Jacobson, assess the caregiver’s sensitivity to
Satellite Training Instruments Sharol (Native www.ncast.org cues, response to the child’s distress,
nd
(NCAST, 2 Ed. 1995) Am. Hlth.) fostering of social-emotional growth,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
and fostering of cognitive growth. The
Med&list_uids=1615647&dopt=Abs two child subscales assess the clarity
tract of the child’s cues and responsiveness
to the caregiver. It was used in this
instance to assess parenting among
Native American parents, capable of
identifying NA cultural parenting
strengths.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 109
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Women as Mothers and Grandmothers
/ Parenting the Prematurely Born Child
– Scale is used to assess the quality of
the caregiver-child teaching interaction
for children from birth to 3 years of age.
McBride,
The 73-item teaching scale is
Angela B &
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/o organized into six subscales, four of
Shore, Cheryl P
pre/ehs/perf_measures/reports/reso which assess the caregiver’s behavior
(Mothers & urces_measuring/res_meas_phis.ht and two the child’s. The four caregiver
Nursing Child Assessment Grandmothers); ml
nd subscales assess the caregiver’s
Teaching Scale (NCAST/2 Holditch-Davis,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ sensitivity to cues, response to the
Edition, 1995) Diane & Miles,
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub child’s distress, fostering of social-
Margaret Med&list_uids=8415037&dopt=Abs emotional growth, and fostering of
(Parenting tract
cognitive growth. The two child
Prematurely
subscales assess the clarity of the
Born Child)
child’s cues and responsiveness to the
caregiver. The teaching scale
identifies areas of strengths and
weaknesses in the caregiver-child
teaching interaction.
Gortner, Susan
Ethical Issues / Moral Reasoning &
(Ethical Issues); http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Ethical Practices – Measure of moral
Nursing Dilemma Test Ketefian, Shaké query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=6907863&dopt=Abs reasoning in nursing situations and is
(Crisham, 1981) (Moral
tract based on the Defining Issues Test
Reasoning &
(Crisham, 1981).
Ethical Practice)
Edwardson,
Sandra &
Giovannetti, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Nursing Workload Measurement
Nursing Intensity Index query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Phyllis (Nsg. Med&list_uids=3093978&dopt=Abs Systems – Assesses patient
(Reitz, 1985)
Workload tract requirements for nursing care.
Measurement
Systems)
Organizational Culture – Tool contains
50 different cultural behaviors and their
Nursing Unit Cultural http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ associated norms, rated on a 6-point
Assessment Tool (NUCAT) Mark, Barbara query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=9538588&dopt=Abs scale. It gives a ―comprehensive
(Coeling & Simms, 1988, (Org. Culture)
tract description of nursing unit culture by
1990, 1993)
providing a unit score (mean) for each
of the 50 different behaviors.‖
Thornlow,
Nursing Unit Rating Scale Deirdre K. (Nsg.
Rural Health – Assesses the social
(Morgan, Stewart, D’Arcy, & Pt. Safety Res.
environment of dementia care settings.
Werezak, 2004) in Rural Hlth.
Care Settings)
Satisfaction – A questionnaire
developed to assess the primary
NY Satisfaction of Hospice www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/satisfied caregiver’s satisfaction with the
Survey (Hannan, 1984) .htm patient’s emotional and physical quality
of life, and the support and assistance
offered to the caregiver.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 110
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Tobacco – Designed to provide a
baseline for comparing progress
Rice, Virginia toward meeting the Healthy People
Hill (Building the 2010 goals for reducing tobacco use
State of the amoung youth (middle and HS
NYTS/National Youth http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/Data_st
Science/ atistics/surveys/nyts/index.htm students). Items measured included
Tobacco Survey (CDC, 1999)
Monitoring the correlates of tobacco use such as
Tobacco demographics access to tobacco,
Epidemic) exposure to secondhand smoke, and
factors that encourage/discourage
smoking.
Parent-Adolescent Communication in
Nondistressed Families – OPS is a 10-
item measure assessing the frequency
Riesch, Susan of parents openly arguing in the
http://www.findarticles.com/p/article
O’Leary-Porter Scale (OPS) (Parent- s/mi_m0PAV/is_1_1/ai_107202408/
presence of their children (e.g.,
(Porter & O’Leary, 1980) Adolescent pg_3 "Husbands and wives often disagree
Communication) on the subject of discipline; how often
do you and your spouse argue over
disciplinary problems in this child's
presence?").
Elder Mistreatment – Tool
operationalizes the first two parts of
this model. The first section of the
OMFAQ seeks information on five
dimensions of functioning: Social
Resources, Economic Resources,
OARS Multidimensional Mental Health, Physical Health, and
Functional Assessment ability to carry out Activities of Daily
Fulmer, Terry
Questionnaire (Developed by http://www.geri.duke.edu/service/oa Living. On each dimension the
(Elder rs.htm
the Duke Center for the Study information obtained is summarized on
Mistreatment)
of Aging and Human a 6-point scale where the values range
Development, 1975, 1988) from 1 (level of functioning excellent) to
6 (level of functioning totally impaired).
The second section of the OMFAQ
inquires about the extent, intensity of
utilization, and perceived need for each
of 24 non-overlapping, broadly
encompassing generic services.
Caregiver and Family Burden – A 9-
item objective burden scale (OBS) and
a 13-item subjective burden scale
Objective and Subjective (SBS). OBS measures the extent to
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/caregive
Burden Scales (Montgomery, .htm which caregiving activities have
et al., 1985) impacted aspects of the caregiver’s life;
SBS measures the frequency with
which caregivers experience certain
attitudes or feelings.
Kim, Mi Ja
Objects Content
(Nsg. None found Nursing Diagnosis –
Questionnaire (Hartley, 1970)
Diagnosis)
Occupational Values & Flynn, Beverly
http://libraries.uta.edu/helen/test&m Community Health Nursing Education –
Stereotypes Inventory (Community
eas/AlphaKeyword/Keyword%20O Measure of occupational attitudes and
(Rosenberg, 1957; Singh & Health Nsg. C.htm occupational characteristics.
MacGuire, 1971) Ed.)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 111
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Used to determine an individual's
occupational work ethic. (In
Occupational Work Ethic http://www.he.utk.edu/he/faculty/pet
ty.html ―Handbook of Tests and Measurement
Inventory (Petty, 1992)
in Education and the Social Sciences,‖
by Lester & Lloyd, 1997.)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Mercer, query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Ramona Med&list_uids=5072720&dopt=Abs Community Nursing / Child Sexual
Offer Self-Image (Teenage tract Abuse: Initial Effects / Teenage
Questionnaire for Pregnancy); Pregnancy/Research in Chronic Illness
http://www.intjrehabilres.com/pt/re/i
Adolescents (Offer & Offer, Kelley, Susan ntjrr/abstract.00004356- – Self-esteem questionnaire. It was
1972; Offer, Ostrove & (Child Sex 200106000- used to measure psychosocial
Howard, 1977) Abuse); Grey, 00001.htm;jsessionid=CWhNcTowg adjustment of adolescents with DMD
M. (Diabetes q8E9fVfzyZM1uIs5p52KKEmRLDe (Duchenne muscular dystrophy).
ktW3gdyEXyTQHH2b!-
Intervention) 1127636574!-949856032!9001!-1
Nursing & Parent Experience – Used to
measure family functioning, It is an
Olson’s Family Adaptability
instrument that identifies "balanced"
and Cohesion Evaluation http://www.birf.info/home/library/pro
fessional/prop_famacare.html and "extreme" cohesion types.
Scales-II (Olson, Bell &
Cohesion was defined as the extent of
Portner, 1990)
emotional bonding family members
express to each other.
Nursing Workload Measurement
Systems – A comprehensive, orderly,
Edwardson,
nonexhaustive, mutually exclusive
Sandra &
taxonomy designed to identify diverse
Omaha Classification Giovannetti,
http://www.omahasystem.org/shmp clients’ health-related concerns. It
Scheme (Martin, 1982; Phyllis (Nsg. rob.htm classifies client problems using 38
Simmons, 1980) Workload
problem labels, divided into four
Measurement
domains: environmental,
Systems)
psychological, physiological, and health
behavior.
Non-traditional Nursing Education –
Constructed to assess selected
attitudes, values, and interests, chiefly
relevant in the areas of normal ego-
functioning and intellectual activity.
Almost all dimensions included in the
inventory were chosen either for their
particular relevance to academic
Omnibus Personality activity or for their general importance
Lenburg, Carrie
Inventory (OPI) (Heist, in understanding and differentiating
(Non-traditional www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/
McConnell, Webster & among students in an educational
Nsg. Ed.)
Yonge, 1959-68) context. The 14 scales included in the
inventory are: Thinking Introversion,
Theoretical Orientation, Estheticism,
Complexity, Autonomy, Religious
Orientation, Social Extroversion,
Impulse Expression, Personal
Integration, Anxiety Level, Altruism,
Practical Outlook, Masculinity-
Femininity, and Response Bias.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 112
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing
Opinions about Mental Illness Loomis, Maxine Med&list_uids=5433794&dopt=Abs Education – Determines nnegative
tract
Scale (Cohen & Struening, (Psych-Mental attitudes toward people who have
1963) Hlth. Nsg. Ed.) http://www.ingentaconnect.com/con serious mental illnesses held by mental
tent/klu/comh/1999/00000035/0000 health professionals.
0006/00226302
Oral Assessment Guide Dodd, Marylin http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Side Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy
(Eilers, Berger & Peterson, (Side Effects of Med&list_uids=10401348&dopt=Ab – Used to evaluate the oral status.
1988) CA Chemo) stract
Dodd, Marylin Side Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy
Oral Exam Guide (Beck, http://www.nursingcenter.com/prod
(Side Effects of ev/ce_article.asp?tid=412211 – A numeric gauge of patient’s oral
1979)
CA Chemo) health.
Dodd, Marylin http://www.ons.org/publications/jour
Oral Perception Guide (Beck, Side Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy
(Side Effects of nals/CJON/Volume7/Issue4/070447
1979) 1.asp – Systematic oral assessment
CA Chemo)
Health Prevention – Orem’s model
focuses on each individual’s ability to
Pender, Nola
perform self-care, defined as ―the
(Health
http://www.nurseheart.org/orem's_s practice of activities that individuals
Prevention);
elf-care_model.htm initiate and perform on their own behalf
Orem Self-Care Model Silva, Mary
in maintaining life, health, and well-
(Orem, 1971, 1985) Cipriano http://www.academictermpapers.co being.‖
(Conceptual m/abstracts/15000/15439.html
Conceptual Model of Nursing – Nurse’s
Model of
role is to design nursing systems that
Nursing)
assist persons with self-care deficits to
maximize self-care and improve health.
McCloskey,
Leadership in Nursing – Compared
Organizational Climate Joanne Comi &
http://www.ssta.sk.ca/research/sch dean and faculty perceptions of the
Description Questionnaire Molen, Marilyn ool_improvement/rp27.htm#toc organizational climate in two
(Halpin & Croft, 1964) (Leadership in
baccalaureate programs.
Nursing)
Measure of school work environment.
http://www.myacpa.org/comm/asse (In ―Handbook of Tests and
Organizational Climate Index
ssment/dragon/dragon- Measurement in Education and the
(Stern, 1970) data.html#oci Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
Staff Turnover – A 15-item, 7-point
Likert-type scale developed to measure
an employee’s identification with and
involvement in a particular
http://www.cancersourcern.com/Nur
Organizational Commitment sing/CE/CECourse.cfm?courseid=1 organization. Three aspects of
Questionnaire (OCQ) 47&contentid=27545 involvement and belief are included:
(Mowday, Steers & Porter, belief in and acceptance of the
http://www.ou.edu/deptcomm/dodjc
1979) organization’s goals and values,
c/groups/01A2/backgrnd.htm
willingness to exert considerable effort
on behalf of the organization, and
desire to continue employment in the
organization.
Organizational http://www.uwec.edu/Sampsow/Me (In ―Handbook of Tests and
asures.htm
Communication Conflict Measurement in Education and the
Instrument (Putnam & http://www.joe.org/joe/2000february Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
Wilson, 1982) /rb5.html 1997.)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 113
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Socialization and roles – Measures
styles by presenting 120 statements
which describe behaviors that might be
Organizational Culture http://www.banffcentre.ca/departme
expected of members of organizations.
Assessment Inventory nts/leadership/assessment_tools/oc
i/ The tool measures how these
(Steinhoff & Owens, 1988)
members perceive their organization’s
existing culture, and helps them to
create their ideal or optimum culture.
Organizational Culture – Is frequently
used to measure organizational culture;
it is composed of 12 scales of 10 items
Organizational Culture http://www.trainersdirect.com/resou each, on a 1-to-5 scale, measuring
Mark, Barbara
Inventory (OCI) (Cooke & rces/articles/ChangeManagement/ individuals’ perceptions about the ways
(Org. Culture)
Lafferty, 1989) OrgCultureInventory.htm in which ―organizational members are
expected to think and behave in
relation both to their tasks and other
people.‖
Socialization and Roles – Scale to
Organizational Tension & determine a person’s perception of the
Conway, Mary
Role Ambiguity Scale (Kahn, http://www.dcpress.com/jmb/roleam focal person (role incumbent) and then
(Socialization & b.htm
Wolfe, Quinn, Snoek & what do the role senders consider to be
Roles)
Rosenthal, 1964) their responsibility in the matter of role
ambiguity.
Kenney,
Education for Critical Care Nursing –
Otis Self-Administering Tests Marguerite http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/i
q_test.html#10 Designed to yield a measure of
of Mental Ability (Otis, 1956) (Education for
students' general school ability.
CC Nursing)
Pain / Pain in Children – A pain
intensity scale for children – the
Oucher Scale consists of a vertical
numerical scale (10-100) for children
Hester, Nancy
http://www.cancerpage.com/centers who can count to 100, and a vertical
Oucher Scale (Beyer, 1984) (Pain in /pain/pediatrics_p.asp photographic scale of a Caucasian
Children)
child with expressions of no hurt to
worst hurt. Since its development,
Hispanic and African-American
versions have been created.
Outgroup/Ethnocentric Attitudes – A
Outgroup Acceptance Scale
www.character.org/resources/asses 13-item Likert scale which measures
(Developmental Studies sment/ students’ ―social distance‖ from people
Center, 1993)
in other groups (for grades 3-4).
https://www-
Overall Symptom Severity Fox, Jeanne secure.earthlink.net/www.wpspublis
h.com/Inetpub4/catalog/W-290.htm Chronic Mental Illness – Rating of
Rating (OSS) (Edwards, (Chronic Mental
symptom severity.
1974) Illness) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/
bv.fcgi?rid=hstat6.section.17799
Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms –
This 62-item questionnaire which
measures cognitive symptoms,
Pain Anxiety Symptoms
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h physiological symptoms and motor
Scale (PASS) (McCracken, et tm responses includes four subscales that
al., 1992)
measure fear of pain, cognitive anxiety,
somatic anxiety, and escape and
avoidance.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 114
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Pain in Older Adults – Can be used to
track the severity of chronic pain over
Miller, Lori &
time. This can help determine the level
Pain Behavior Scale (Univ. of Talerico, Karen http://www.cebp.nl/media/m155.pdf of pain control and to identify temporal
AL, 1982) (Pain in Older
associations that can influence
Adults)
management. The authors are from the
University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Pain – The Color Scale is used by
asking the child to select a color (using
markers or crayons), that is like their
"worst or most hurt,‖ then a color that is
like "a little less hurt,‖ then a color for
Pain Color Scale & Pain Taylor, Ann Gill http://www.cancerpage.com/centers
/pain/pediatrics_p.asp even less hurt and lastly, a color for "no
Circles (Stewart, 1977) (Pain)
hurt.‖ A numeric value can be placed
on each color. Asking the child to
select a color that is most like the pain
that they are currently experiencing can
then assess the pain intensity.
Pain in Children – The ladder has 10
rungs, 11 spaces, and an ambiguous
zero point. Hospitalized children often
Hester, Nancy
http://www.painresearch.utah.edu/c used only the lower end of the scale,
Pain Ladder (Hay, 1984) (Pain in ancerpain/ch14.html reserving the upper end for very severe
Children)
pain. Essentially, children reduced the
scale complexity by constructing their
own scale within the Pain Ladder.
Cox, Kathleen,
Mahone, Irma, http://www.ahrq.gov/research/dec0 Rural Health – Tool for determining
Pain Medication
& Merwin, 6/1206RA8.htm how well nursing home physicians and
Appropriateness Scale (Hutt,
Elizabeth nurses were treating a patient's pain
Pepper, Vojir, Fink & Jones, http://www.healthinaging.org/agingi
(Improving without causing unnecessary side
2006) ntheknow/research_print.asp?id=48
Quality of Rural effects.
Nursing Care)
Pain – An instrument measuring the
Pain Perception Profile www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical
.htm affective, sensory and intensity
(Tursky, 1976)
dimensions of pain.
Pain in Children – Alternative pain
Hester, Nancy
Pain Thermometer http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~phil/thesis scale to ―pain ladder.‖ (A picture of a
(Pain in
(Molsberry, 1978) /chap2.html thermometer with word descriptors –
Children)
no pain to pain as bad as it can be.)
Family Assessment – A 224-item, self-
Pair Attraction Inventory http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages report inventory to measure symmetry
(Shostrum, 1978) /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html or complementary nature of
relationships.
Millon-
Underwood, S,
Special Conditions – A 75-item
Powe, B, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ questionnaire that was designed and
Pap Smear Questionnaire Canales, M, query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=10414682&dopt=Ab used to explain Pap smear use
(PSQ) (n.d.) Meade, C & Im,
stract intentions in African American and
E (Ca in US
Latina women.
Ethnic & Racial
Minority Pops)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 115
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~culture/Ro Interventions for Children with Diabetes
Grey, Margaret hner_Khaleque.htm and Their Families/Research in
Parent Acceptance/Rejection
(Diabetes Chronic Illness – Measure of perceived
Questionnaire (Rohner, 1981) http://jcc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/
Interventions) parental acceptance-rejection and
abstract/33/1/87
psychological adjustment.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Parent Adolescent Riesch, Susan query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=3407491&dopt=Abs Parent-Adolescent Communication in
Communication Inventory (Parent-
tract Nondistressed Families – Used to
(PACI) (Hawley, Shear, Stark Adolescent
assess coping and communication.
& Goodman, 1984) Communication) http://www.nncc.org/Evaluation/topi
c2.html
Riesch, Susan Parent-Adolescent Communication in
Parent Adolescent Interaction
(Parent- http://jls.sagepub.com/cgi/content/r Nondistressed Families – Assesses
Coding System (PAICS) efs/23/3/338
Adolescent parent-adolescent conflict using direct
(Robin & Foster, 1989)
Communication) observation.
Riesch, Susan
Parent Adolescent Parent-Adolescent Communication in
(Parent- http://jpepsy.oupjournals.org/cgi/co
Relationship Questionnaire ntent/abstract/18/4/441 Nondistressed Families – Assesses
Adolescent
(Robin & Koepke, 1990) parent-adolescent conflict.
Communication)
Caregiver Well Being / General –
Parent Caregiver Functional
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb Interview-administered questionnaire
Unit Scale (PCFUS) urden.htm assessing the stability of the patient
(Fredman & Daly)
caregiver dyad for 14 ADLs and IACLs.
Caregiver Well Being / General – A 40-
item self-administered questionnaire
regarding the reactions of adult
children caregivers to circumstances
Parent Caregiver Strain
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb involved in parent care. The
Questionnaire (PCSQ) urden.htm instrument measures five domains
(England & Roberts, 1996)
(psychosocial exhaustion, physical
exhaustion, instrumental exhaustion,
emotional arousal, and goal
discrepancy distress).
Preschool Children – Used to obtain
Fleming,
the interactional exchange between
Parent Child Communication Juanita None found parent and child. Each parental
Schedule (O’Brien, 1980) (Preschool
response or assertion by the child
Children)
constituted a message.
Parent-Child Responsibility
Grey, Margaret http://www.ncast.org/p-pci.asp Research in Chronic Illness –
Scale (Anderson, Auslander,
(Diabetes http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/ Measures responsibility for diabetes
Jung, Miller, & Santiago,
Interventions) content/full/24/3/441 care.
1990)
Family Adaptation to Child’s Chronic
Illness – Most recent version of self-
Austin, Joan report instrument; contained six
Kessner (Family separate scales: concerns, beliefs and
Parent Perception Inventory http://www.deltabravo.net/custody/p
Adaptation to sychtests.htm feelings, coping, general information,
(Hymovich, 1990)
Child’s Chronic siblings, and spouse concerns and
Illness) coping. Elicits an extensive portrait of
a parent's knowledge and
understanding of a specific child.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 116
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Preschool Children/Research in
Chronic Illness – Measure of a child's
Fleming, activity level, rhythmicity, approach-
http://www.personality-
Parent Questionnaire Juanita project.org/perproj/others/heineman
withdraw, adaptability, threshold of
(Thomas & Chess, 1977) (Preschool /thomas.htm responsiveness, intensity of reaction,
Children) quality of mood, distractibility, and
attention span Measure of
temperament.
Austin, Joan K http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Children with Epilepsy: Quality of life
& Dunn, David query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=9689606&dopt=Abs and Psychosocial Needs/Research in
Parent Report of W (Children
tract Chronic Illness – Assessed both
Psychosocial Care Scale with Epilepsy);
satisfaction with care and worries and
(Austin, Dunn, et al., 1998) Austin, Joan & http://libraries.uta.edu/helen/test&m
concerns of parents of children with
Dunn, David eas/Table%20of%20contents/Red
man2003.htm new-onset seizures.
(Chronic Illness)
Williams,
Parental Attitude Research Phoebe D. Nursing Research in Philippines –
http://www.agsnet.com/parenting/st
Inventory (Shaeffer & Bell, (Nursing ep/1i.asp Instrument for measuring parent-child
1958) Research in relationships.
Philippines)
Childhood and Adolescent
Opie, Nancy
Bereavement – Measure parental
Parental Role Scale (Childhood & http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query involvement in four domains of child
(Weisman & Bothwell, 1977) Adolescent
care: direct care, indirect care, amount
Bereavement)
of sole responsibility, and play.
Family Assessment – Assesses
Parent-Child Relationship
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages parents’ attitudes toward parenting and
Inventory (PCRI) (Gerard, /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html toward their children (can be
1994)
administered individually or to group).
Interventions for Children with Diabetes
http://www.mja.com.au/public/issue
Parent-Child Responsibility s/180_06_150304/sri10522_fm.htm and Their Families – Measure of
Grey, Margaret
Scale (Anderson, Auslander, l perceptions of responsibility for
(Diabetes
Jung, Miller & Santiago, diabetes care and the degree of
Interventions) http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/
1990) conflict between parents and children
content/full/24/3/441
with diabetes.
Family Assessment – A 45-item
standardized assessment of parents’
attitudes toward parenting. Scores
define, compare, and communicate
Parenting Satisfaction Scale
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages levels of parenting satisfaction in three
(PSS) (Guidubaldi & /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html domains: satisfaction with spouse/ex-
Cleminshaw, 1994)
spouse parenting performance,
satisfaction with the parent-child
relationship, and satisfaction with
parenting performance.
Nursing & Parent Experience –
Parenting Sense of Devised to assess parents’ perceptions
http://www.findarticles.com/p/article
Competence Scale (PSOC) of their abilities to handle the situational
s/mi_qa3717/is_200010/ai_n89112
(Gibaud-Wallston & 26 demands of parenting, it measures of
Wandersman, 1978) child behavior, parenting style, and
marital satisfaction.
Family Assessment – Self-report
inventory for parents of children
Parenting Stress Index (PSI) http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
/~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html younger than 10 to measure the
(Abidin, 1990)
degree of stress in the parent-child
relationship.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 117
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Family Assessment/Developmental –
Guidance system and triage tool used
to elicit parents’ concerns about the
child’s development (birth to 8 years).
It is a fast and inexpensive method for
Parents Evaluation of www.icyf.msu.edu/screenng.html
detecting developmental and
Developmental Status
www.pedstest.com behavioral problems in children from
(PEDS) (Glascoe, 1997)
birth to age eight. PEDS helps
providers make evidence-based
decisions about children's and families'
needs by eliciting and weighing
parents' concerns.
http://nursing.unc.edu/muic/instrum
ents.html Uncertainty in Acute Illness – Was
Parents Perception of Mishel, Merle developed to measure a perceptual
Uncertainty Scale (PPUS) (Uncertainty in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ variable believed to influence parents'
(Mishel, 1983) Acute Illness) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub response to their child's illness and
Med&list_uids=6567851&dopt=Abs
tract hospitalization.
Humphreys J,
Parker B &
Intimate Partner Violence Against
Partner Abuse Scale Campbell J http://www.walmyr.com/PASPHSA
M.pdf Women – Measure of abuse by
(Hudson, 1990) (Intimate
partner.
Partner
Violence)
Family Assessment – An inventory to
Partner Relationship http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
/~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html help identify perceived conflict within a
Inventory (Hoskins, 1988)
relationship (ages 18 up).
Paternal-Fetal Attachment Nursing & Parent Experience – A
Scale (PFAS) (Weaver & http://www.mcnjournal.com modification version of the MFAS to
Cranley, 1983) measure a man’s perspective.
Nursing Care Quality Assessment –
Contains physiological measures of
complications in hospitalized samples.
It is designed to measure quality of
nursing care, defined as prevention of
nursing care complications. PINC is a
Lang, N., & http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Patient Indicators of Nursing 24-item list, first administered up to 48
Clinton, J. query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Care (PINC) (Majesky, Med&list_uids=251248&dopt=Abstr hours post-admission; the second
(Nsg. Care
Brester & Nishio, 1978) act administration takes place between five
Quality Assess.)
and seven days post-admission.
Scoring of PINC is based on the idea
that four important presence-absence
conditions exist and that each
represents a value of quality of nursing
care.
Edwardson, Nursing workload Measurement
Patient Intensity Nursing Sandra & Systems – Measures complexity of
Index (Prescott, 1991; Giovanntti, care, with complexity including not only
http://www.nursingleadership.net/N
Prescott, Ryan, Soeken, Phyllis (Nsg. L132/NL132APGaudine.html the time required for a nursing task but
Castoor, Thompson, & Workload the associated nursing skill,
Phillips, 1991) Measurement knowledge, and critical thinking that are
Systems) inherent in the nursing process.
Patient Judgment System www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/satisfied Satisfaction – A 68-item scale that
(Nelson, 1989) .htm examines 11 aspects of hospital care.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 118
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Teaching Clinical Judgment – A
written, branched simulation in which
the examinees are presented with an
initial description of a patient and are
required to make judgments about
http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/traindev/e what types of data to obtain and what
Patient Management Problem xams/regulation/pmp/
Tanner, types of actions to implement. After
(PMP) (McGuire & Babbot,
Christine making selections from a large array of
1967; McGuire & Solomon, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
(Teaching Clin. query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub possibilities, the examinees receive
1971; McGuire, Solomon &
Judgment) Med&list_uids=7464586&dopt=Abs feedback about the consequences of
Bashook, 1975) tract their choices. Scoring is based largely
on a comparison of the examinees’
selection of either additional
observations or interventions with the
items deemed appropriate by a panel
of experts.
Pain – Questionnaire designed as part
of the APS’s guidelines for pain
Patient Outcome
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical treating. Instrument measures pain
Questionnaire (American .htm severity, interference, satisfaction with
Pain Society, 1995)
pain control, and various aspects of
pain treatment and medication.
Lang, N., & Nursing Care Quality Assessment –
Patient Satisfaction
Clinton, J. http://www.ajmc.com/Article.cfm?M Contains three factors for measuring
Instrument (Hinshaw &
(Nsg. Care enu=1&ID=2766 outcomes – technical-professional
Atwood, 1982)
Quality Assess.) care, trust, and patient education.
Lang, N., & http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Nursing Care Quality Assessment –
Patient Self-Rating Scale Clinton, J. query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Used by patients and nurses to assess
(Gallant & McLane, 1979) (Nsg. Care Med&list_uids=6746293&dopt=Abs patients’ health knowledge and self-
tract
Quality Assess.) care skills.
Lang, N., & http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Patient Welfare Evaluation
Clinton, J. query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Instrument (Brodt & Med&list_uids=5181918&dopt=Abs Nursing Care Quality Assessment –
(Nsg. Care
Anderson, 1967) tract
Quality Assess.)
Pattison Social Network
Inventory (Pattison, Norbeck, Jane http://luna.cas.usf.edu/~wolfe/mora Social Support – Measured social
Defrancisco, Wood, Frazier & (Social Support) n.htm support network of elderly persons.
Crowder, 1975)
Patton Scale of Severity Catchpole, http://www.healthyplace.com/Com
(Patton, Moon & Dannemiller, Mattilou (Nurse munities/Anxiety/Site/transcripts/tho Nurse Anesthesia Care –
1974) Anes. Care) ught_field_therapy.htm
Family Assessment – Nonverbal,
multiple choice picture test measuring
Fleming,
Peabody Picture Vocabulary receptive language, used to screen for
rd Juanita http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages
Test – 3 Edition (PPVT-III) /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html those with expressive language
(Preschool
(Dunn & Dunn, 1965, 1997) difficulties (ages 2-1/2-adult).
Children)
Assesses cognitive, verbal & motor
development.
Chronic Fatigue – 13 statements
Potempa,
Pearson Byars Fatigue describing fatigue symptoms, rated on
Kathleen http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/
Feeling Checklist (Pearson, v6n3/article4.htm a scale of 1 (better than), 2 (same as)
(Chronic
1957) or 3 (worse than) and having a total
Fatigue)
range of 13-39.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 119
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Condition-Specific Instrument – A 13-
Pediatric Asthma Quality of www.outcomes- item disease-specific instrument
Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ) trust.org/instruments.htm designed to measure the impact of
(Juniper, Guyatt, Feeny, et children’s asthma on their primary
http://www.atsqol.org/paqlq.asp
al., 1996) caregiver’s quality of life; two domains
measure activities and emotions.
Social Skills – Consists of 48
Peer Nomination Inventory www.character.org/resources/asses statements along 4 dimensions
(Wiggins & Winder, 1961) sment/ (Aggression, Dependency, Withdrawal,
and Depression).
Pelletier’s Lifestyle Pender, Nola
http://www.nursingresearchonline.c
Assessment Questionnaire (Health om Health Promotion –
(Pelletier, 1978) Promotion)
Caregiver Well Being / General – A 31-
item scale measuring the impacts of
and/or reactions to the experience of
Perceived Caregiver Burden caregiving. Instrument contains five
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
Scale (PCB) (Stommel, et al., urden.htm dimensions of caregiver burden –
1990) impact on finances, feelings of
abandonment, impact on work
schedule, impact on health of
caregiver, and sense of entrapment.
Caregiver Well Being / General – A 13-
item measure derived from a factor
Perceived Caregiver Burden
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb analysis of the Perceived Caregiver
Scale, Revised (PCB-13) urden.htm Burden Scale when administered to
(Gupta R, 1999)
first-generation Indian/Pakistani
caregivers in the US.
Van Riper, The Sibling Experience of living with
Marcia (Sibling http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Childhood Chronic Illness and
Perceived Change Scale Disability – Questionnaire to assess the
Experience, query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
(Craft et al., 1985; Craft & Med&list_uids=10293817&dopt=Ab perception of changes in feelings and
Childhood
Craft, 1989; Craft, 1986) stract behaviors during a pediatric
Chronic Illness,
Disability) hospitalization.
McCain, Nancy
& Zeller, Janice http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Psychoneuroimmunological Studies IN
Perceived Coherence Scale (Psychoneuro- query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=8560363&dopt=Abs HIV Disease – Measures sense of
(Lewis & Gallison, 1989) immunological
tract coherence.
Studies in HIV
Disease)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 120
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Interventions for Children with Diabetes
and Their Families/Research in
Chronic Illness – A short 4-item
questionnaire designed to measure
http://self.uws.edu.au/Conferences/
students’ self perceptions of
2004_McInerney_%20Lillemyr_Sob competence across three domains:
stad.pdf cognitive competence reflected
primarily in school or academic
Grey, Margaret http://www.character.org/resources/
Perceived Competence Scale performance, social competence
(Diabetes assessment/index.cgi?file=esteem#
for Children (Harter, 1979) Harter’s%20Perceived%20Compet reflected through popularity with one’s
Interventions)
ence%20Scale%20for%20Children peers, physical competence reflected
through ability at sports and outdoor
http://www.psych.rochester.edu/SD
games. In addition Harter added a
T/measures/comp.html
fourth scale, general self-esteem which
Harter posited assesses a child’s
general feelings of worth or self-
esteem, independent of any particular
skill domain.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ (In ―Handbook of Tests and
Perceived Control at School query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Measurement in Education and the
Scale (Adelman, 1986) Med&list_uids=2703788&dopt=Abs Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
tract
1997.)
Quality of Life – A 20-item
Perceived Quality of Life www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality. questionnaire with questions about
Scale (Patrick, 1992) htm health status and satisfaction with
functioning.
Caregiver Well Being / General –
Perceived Social Support for
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb Includes a 9-item scale to measure the
Caregiving (PSSC) Scale urden.htm impact of self-help and support groups
(Goodman, 1991)
for caregivers.
Caregiver Well Being / General – A 14-
item, self-reported unidimensional
Perceived Stress Scale www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb
urden.htm instrument developed to measure a
(PSS) (Cohen, et al., 1983)
perceived stress in response to
situations in a person’s life.
Nursing & Parent Experience –
Measures a woman’s feelings of
confidence, control, and satisfaction
Perception of Birth Scale http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ with her labor and delivery and initial
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
(POBS) (Marut & Mercer, Med&list_uids=8604369&dopt=Abs contact with the newborn. It is a 25-
1979) tract item instrument with five factor-based
subscales: Labor Experience, Delivery
Experience, Delivery Outcome, Partner
Participation, and Awareness.
Performance Expectations for Vance, Connie
New Graduate Nurses & Olson, http://www.health.qld.gov.au/towns Mentorship – Performance appraisal
(Benner, Colavecchio, Field & Roberta ville/Documents/nursing/PP_D_new and development.
grad.pdf
Gordon, 1980) (Mentorship)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 121
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
The Sibling Experience of living with
Childhood Chronic Illness and
Disability – This survey consists of 48
Van Riper, words (24 positive and 24 negative
Marcia (Sibling http://www.findarticles.com/p/article adjectives), from which each student
Personal Attribute Inventory
Experience, s/mi_m2248/is_n116_v29/ai_16477 was instructed to select exactly 15 that
for Children (PAIC) (Parish & 255 .
Childhood best describe the target in question
Taylor, 1978)
Chronic Illness, (Form A = themselves; Form B = their
Disability) father; Form C = their mother). The
score on each of the three forms of the
PAIC is the number of "negative" words
checked.
Questionnaire to determine what type
Personal Attributes of person you think you are. (In
http://www.atkinson.yorku.ca/~psyc
Questionnaire (Spence, et al., test/paq.pdf ―Handbook of Tests and Measurement
1974) in Education and the Social Sciences,‖
by Lester & Lloyd, 1997.)
Personal Lifestyle Activities Pender, Nola
Health Promotion – Tool for measuring
Questionnaire (Brown, et al, (Health None found
health practices.
1983) Promotion)
(In ―Handbook of Tests and
Personal Orientation Conway, Mary
http://www.psychtest.com/curr01/C Measurement in Education and the
Dimensions Scale (Shostrom, (Socialization & ATLG009.HTM Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1977) Roles)
1997.)
One of the more widely used omnibus
personality inventories in clinical
Personal Orientation
http://jonjayray.tripod.com/shost1.ht practice. (In ―Handbook of Tests and
Inventory (POI) (Shostrum, ml Measurement in Education and the
1964,1966)
Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
Interventions for Children with Diabetes
and Their Families / Community
Nursing – A two part measure – Part 1
consists of 10 life situations in which
one might need assistance. It is
designed to gather information about
Grey, Margaret the person’s resources, the satisfaction
(Diabetes with those resources, and whether or
Interventions); www.montana.edu/cweindert/instru not they have had that need in the past
Personal Resource Stevenson, ments/instruments.html six months. This section is not scored
Questionnaire (Brandt & Joanna Sabol in the usual sense, but rather can be
Weinert, 1981) (Adulthood); http://www.montana.edu/cweinert/in viewed from a variety of perspectives
struments/PRQ85/PRQ85.html
Sims, Grayce to give an indication of the person’s
(Community network. Part 2 is a 25 item scale
Nsg) based on the five dimensions of
support listed above. Each item's
response is scored on a 7 point Likert
scale with scores ranging from 25 to
175 with higher scores indicating
higher levels of perceived social
support.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 122
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Native American Health/Research in
Chronic Illness – Part Two, which
Jacobson,
measures respondents’ perceived level
Sharol (Native
Personal Resources of social support. Coping resources
Am. Hlth.); http://www3.parinc.com/products/pr
Inventory (PRQ) (Brandt & oduct.aspx?Productid=OSI-R are measured by four scales that
Grey, M.
Weinert, 1981) comprise the Personal Resources
(Diabetes
Questionnaire (PRQ): Recreation, Self-
Intervention)
Care, Social Support, and
Rational/Cognitive Coping.
Faculty Practice: Interest, Issues and
Impact – Hardiness is a personality
construct consisting of three
interrelated components of challenge,
control and commitment. Hardiness is
often referred to in the literature as a
http://jhp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/r
stress-resilience factor. Resilience is
Walker, Patricia efs/44/3/279 thought to result from superior coping
Personal Views Survey (Fac. Practice: and a more positive appraisal of
(Kobasa, 1985) Interest, Issues http://www.som.cranfield.ac.uk/som potential stressors. Yet, despite the
/research/downloads/wpapers/SWP
& Impact) importance of the coping pathway
3_04.pdf
within the stress model, virtually no
empirical studies have directly
examined how Hardy managers and
professionals cope with stress. Low
and high Hardy’s can be identified
using Kobasa’s Personal Views
Survey.
Family Assessment – A 420-item
personality inventory completed by
Personality Inventory for
http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages parent or primary caregiver to assess
Children (PIC) (Wirt, et al., /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html behavior, affect, ability and family
1977)
functioning of children and adolescents
(ages 3-16).
Teaching-Learning Process – Self-
de Tornyay, http://www.lifespring-scientific-
research.com/pages/lifespring- report questionnaire that measures
Personality Orientation Rheba
LongTerm.htm self-actualizing characteristics, along
Inventory (POI) (Shostrum, (Teaching-
with dimensions like inner-outer
1966) Learning http://www.bethel.edu/~johluc/psy3
orientation, ability to function in the
Process) 05g/HumanisticPsychology.htm
present etc.
Patient Education - Represents an
application of developments in the
areas of personality theory, personality
assessment, and test theory to
personality test construction. They are
designed to yield a set of scores for
personality traits broadly relevant to the
Personality Research Form E Lindeman, http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/
per_test.html#77A functioning of individuals in a wide
(Jackson, 1974) Carol (Pt. Ed.
variety of situations including:
Achievement, Affiliation, Aggression,
Autonomy, Dominance, Endurance,
Exhibition, Harm avoidance,
Impulsivity, Nurturance, Order, Play,
Social Recognition, Understanding,
and Infrequency.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 123
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Sovie, Margaret Variable Costs of Nursing Care in
PETO Assessment System http://www.blackwell-
(Costs of Nsg. Hospitals – Uses nursing care units as
(Poland, English, Thornton & synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.136
Care in 5-2834.1997.02422.x the basic unit of hospital service to the
Owens, 1970)
Hospitals) patient.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=1474248&dopt=Abs Evaluation of Primary Nursing – A
Giovannetti,
Phaneuf Nursing Audit tract retrospective audit of the nursing
Phyllis (Eval. Of
(Phaneuf, 1972) documentation regarding the care of all
Primary Nsg.) http://www.blackwell-
patients.
synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.136
5-2834.1997.00024.x
Alzheimer’s Disease – A
multidimensional approach to
Maas, Meridean assessing the psychological state of
Philadelphia Geriatric Center & Buckwalter, http://www.abramsoncenter.org/PRI older people. It is designed to provide
Morale Scale (Lawton, 1975) Kathleen /documents/PGC_morale_scale.pdf a measure of morale appropriate fro
(Alzheimer’s) very old or less competent individuals,
as it uses simpler wording in its items
and less complex response format.
Physical and Mental Newman, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Health Conceptualization – Used to
Impairment of Function and Margaret (Hlth. query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=3249780&dopt=Abs assess the cognitive and psychosocial
Evaluation Scale (PAMIE) Conceptualiza-
tract functionings of elderly persons.
(Gurel, Linn & Linn, 1972) tion)
Side Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy
Dodd, Marylin
Physical Condition Instrument – Measured level of consciousness,
(Side Effects of None found
(Beck, 1979) breathing, habits, and self-care
CA Chemo)
activities.
Maintaining and Improving Physical
Function in Elders / Functional Status –
Bennett, Jill
A Guttman scale containing 6 items of
Physical Self-Maintenance (Maintaining & http://www.cebp.nl/media/m408.pdf self-care It was designed as a
Scale (Scale (PSMS) Improving
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/function. disability measure for use in planning
(Lawton, 1969; McDowell & Physical
htm and evaluating treatment in elderly
Newell, 1996) Function in
people living. It is a simple and
Elders)
efficient assessment instrument of
functional abilities in elderly patients.
Satisfaction – A 61-item scale that
identifies the patient’s experience of
Picker-Commonwealth
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/satisfied hospitalization based on patient
Survey of Patient Centered .htm specific reports (e.g., ―Were you told of
Care (Cleary, 1991)
the purpose of your mediations in a
way that you could understand?‖).
Caregiver Well Being/General – A 16-
Picot Caregiver Rewards
www.chcr.brown.edu/PCOC/familyb item, unidimensional scale measuring
Scale (PCRS) (Picot, et al., urden.htm the positive consequences of
1997)
caregiving.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 124
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Childhood and Adolescent
Bereavement / Native American Health
/ Family Assessment – One of the most
widely used measures of psychological
health in children and teens, now
available in a new second edition. Like
the original scale, the PHCSCS-2
quickly identifies youngsters who need
further testing or treatment. And now it
http://www.proedinc.com/store/inde offers and expanded age range,
Opie, Nancy x.php?mode=product_detail&id=10 reduced length, improved interpretive
Piers-Harris Self-Concept (Childhood & 495 guidelines, a larger, more diverse
Scale & Children’s Self- Adolescent standardization sample, and updated
nd http://www.proedinc.com/store/inde
Concept Scale/2 Ed. (Piers- Bereavement); x.php?mode=product_detail&id=10 computer assessment. Based on the
Harris 2) (Piers & Herzberg, Jacobson, 495 child's perceptions rather than on the
2002; Martinson, et al., 1987) Sharol (Native observations of parents or teachers,
Am. Health) http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages the PHCSCS-2 assesses self-concept
/~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html
in individuals 7 to 18 years of age. It is
now composed of 60 (rather than 80)
items covering six subscales:
Physical Appearance and
Attributes
Freedom from Anxiety
Intellectual and School Status
Behavioral Adjustment
Happiness and Satisfaction
Popularity
Garvin, Bonnie
& Kennedy,
Interpersonal Communication between
PNP Interpersonal Behavior Carol
Nurses and Patients – Measure of
Constructs (Webster-Stratton, (Interpersonal None found
interactions between pediatric nurse
1984) Communication
practitioners and the mothers.
between Nurses
& Patients)
Loomis, Maxine
Poe Inventory of Values Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing
(Psych-Mental None found
(Poe, 1954) Education –
Hlth. Nsg. Ed.)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Pain in Children – A concrete ordinal
Hester, Nancy
Poker Chip Tool (PCT) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub rating tool consisting of 4 pieces
(Pain in Med&list_uids=255924&dopt=Abstr
(Hester, 1976, 1979) representing pain, the number of chips
Children) act
corresponds with pain intensity.
Civic Attitudes Instrument – Originally
Politico-Economic
published in 1950; may be useful in
Conservatism (PEC) www.character.org/resources/asses
sment/ measuring the impact of some
Scale/Fascism (F) Scale,
programs designed to affect
Adorno, et al., 1969)
intercultural understanding.
A structured job analysis instrument to
measure job characteristics and relate
them to human characteristics. It
http://www.paq.com consists of 195 job elements that
Position Analysis
represent in a comprehensive manner
Questionnaire (McCormick, http://www.hr- the domain of human behavior involved
Jeanneret, & Mecham, 1972) guide.com/data/G012.htm
in work activities. (In ―Handbook of
Tests and Measurement in Education
and the Social Sciences,‖ by Lester &
Lloyd, 1997.)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 125
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Affective Cognitive Development
Instrument – The two 10-item scales of
Positive and Negative Affect positive and negative affect ask the
www.character.org/resources/asses
Scale (PANAS) (Watson, et sment/ subject to respond to given words
al., 1988) describing emotion and feelings and
indicate to what degree the subject
feels this way.
Schizophrenia – It was conceived as
an operationalized, drug-sensitive
instrument that provides balanced
http://www.bli.unizh.ch/BLI/PDF/pa
nss.pdf representation of positive and negative
Positive and Negative Fox, Jeanne & symptoms and gauges their
Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Kane, Catherine http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ relationship to one another and to
(Kay, Fiszbein & Opler, 1987) (Schizophrenia) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub global psychopathology. It thus
Med&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3616
518 constitutes four scales measuring
positive and negative syndromes, their
differential and general severity of
illness.
Fleming,
Post Hospital Inventory
Juanita Preschool Children – Assessed post-
(Vernon, Foley & Schulman,
(Preschool hospital adjustment.
1965)
Children)
Children’s Psychological Responses to
Hospitalization – The 28-item, six-
Vessey, Judith http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Post-Hospital Behavior factor questionnaire was one of the first
(Children’s query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Questionnaire (Vernon, Med&list_uids=8432877&dopt=Abs standardized instruments that codified
Responses to
Schulman & Foley, 1966) tract children’s psychological responses. It
Hospitalization)
is the most commonly used method of
examining post-hospital behavior.
Family – Designed to help provide a
comprehensive history to assess
Postpartum Depression and
current functioning. A woman is asked
Anxiety Assessment (Raskin www.wellmother.com
to bring this form to her first
& Kleiman, 1994)
appointment in order to assist the
evaluation process.
Nursing & Parent Experience – An 82-
item questionnaire with subscales that
measure seven dimensions of maternal
adaptation to parenthood – quality of
relationship with spouse, perception of
Postpartum Self-Evaluation McBride, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ spouse participation in child care,
Questionnaire (Lederman, Angela Baron query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=7326372&dopt=Abs gratification from labor and delivery,
Weingarten & Lederman, (Nsg. & Parent
tract satisfaction with life situation and
1981) Exp.)
circumstances, confidence in ability to
cope with tasks of parenting,
satisfaction with parenthood and infant
care, and support for parenting role
from parents, friends and relatives.
Vulnerable Populatons – Screening for
Giger, JN & lifetime experiences of trauma and
Davidhizer, R domestic violence. The Posttraumatic
Posttraumatic Diagnostic (Promoting http://www.swin.edu.au/victims/reso Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) is a 49
Scale Culturally Appro urces/assessment/ptsd/pds.html item paper and pencil or on-line, self-
Intev among report instrument that is designed to
Vuln Pops) assist with the diagnosis of Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 126
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
http://www.haworthpress.com/store/
ArticleAbstract.asp?sid=V615J9LU
Millon- 7S3T9MHT7JJ095J2GJDS17UC&I
Underwood, S, D=7281 Special Conditions – A 15-item
Powe, B, questionnaire to determine the
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Powe Fatalism Inventory Canales, M, query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
relationship between selected
(Powe, 1995) Meade, C & Im, Med&list_uids=8539176&dopt=Abs demographic factors (e.g., education,
E (Ca in US tract income, ethnicity, gender, age) and
Ethnic & Racial cancer fatalism.
http://www.blackwell-
Minority Pops)
synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.174
5-7599.2005.0049.x
Thornlow,
Practice Environment Scale Deirdre K. (Nsg. Rural Health – Measures Magnet
http://mcr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/
of the Nursing Work Index Pt. Safety Res. abstract/64/2_suppl/104S characteristics such as nursing
(Lake, 2002) in Rural Hlth. participation in hospital affairs.
Care Settings)
Nursing & Parent Experience – A 29-
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ item Likert scale designed to measure
Prenatal Attachment query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=14579195&dopt=Ab affectionate attachment or the personal
Inventory (PAI) (Muller, 1993)
stract relationship that develops between a
woman and her fetus.
Nursing & Parent Experience – Four-
point Likert scale which consists of 29
Prenatal Maternal Attachment http://apt.allenpress.com/aptonline/ items that are completed by women at
?request=get-abstract&issn=1097-
Scale (LoBiondo-Wood & 8003&volume=018&issue=02&pag any time during their pregnancy and 10
Vito-O’Rourke, 1990) e=0167 other items completed by women once
they have experience quickening to
measure prenatal maternal attachment.
Nursing & Parent Experience – A 79-
item Likert scale that measures conflict
in seven developmental tasks of
Prenatal Self-Evaluation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ pregnancy: well-being of self and
Questionnaire (PSEQ) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub baby, acceptance of pregnancy,
(Lederman 1984; Lederman, Med&list_uids=7326372&dopt=Abs identification of a motherhood role,
tract
et al., 1979) preparation for labor, fear of
helplessness and loss of control in
labor, relationship with her mother, and
relationship with her husband.
Vessey, Judith
Preoperative Mode of Coping http://www.nursingcenter.com/librar Children’s Psychological Responses to
(Children’s
Interview (LaMontagne, 1984, y/JournalArticle.asp?Article_ID=101 Hospitalization – Measures the effect of
Responses to 490
1987) temperament on coping styles.
Hospitalization)
Thompson,
Pre-Pregnancy & Pregnancy www.midwife.org
Joyce – Nurse-
Health Behavior Indices Nurse-Midwifery Care – Survey
Midwifery Care www.jmwh.org
(Thompson, 1981)
(1925-84)
Preschool Children – Represents a
modification to the Children's Behavior
Questionnaire (Rutter, 1967).
Developed as a screening instrument
Fleming,
Preschool Behavior for use by mental health professionals,
Juanita http://vinst.umdnj.edu/VAID/TestRe
Questionnaire (PBQ) (Behar port.asp?Code=PBQ the PBQ identifies preschoolers who
(Preschool
& Stringfield, 1974) indicate symptoms of emotional
Children)
problems. This instrument can also be
used as a pre- and post- test measure
of children to show changes in
behavior over time.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 127
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Preschool Children – Measured
Fleming, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ relationship between patterns of
Preschool Embedded Figures Juanita query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=8247672&dopt=Abs acknowledgement in parent-child
Test (Witkin, et al., 1974) (Preschool
tract communication and the preschool
Children)
child’s exploratory behavior.
Present Behavioral Algase, Donna http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Wandering in Dementia – Interview
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Examination (PBE) (Hope & (Wandering in Med&list_uids=11094098&dopt=Ab guide covering eight behavioral
Fairburn, 1992) Dementia) stract domains of dementia-related behavior.
Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms – A
semi-structured interview which
Present State Examination www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h assesses the present mental state and
(PSE) (Wing, et al., 1974) tm has been used for detecting anxiety
and depression in breast cancer
patients.
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and
Management – Developed to measure
healing of pressure ulcers, it is a
Lyder, Courtney http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
Pressure Sore Status Tool pencil/paper instrument comprising 15
(Pressure Ulcer query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
(PSST) (Bates-Jenson, 1992, Med&list_uids=9362584&dopt=Abs items. The first two are related to the
Prevention &
1997) tract location and shape of the ulcer; the
Management)
remaining 13 items are scored and
appear with descriptors rating condition
of ulcer.
Pressure Ulcer Prevention and
Lyder, Courtney
Pressure Ulcer Scale for Management – A pencil/paper
(Pressure Ulcer http://biomed.gerontologyjournals.o
Healing (PUSH) (Bartolucci & rg/cgi/content/abstract/60/1/93 instrument comprising measurements
Prevention &
Thomas/NPUAP, 1997) of pressure ulcer surface area, exudate
Management)
amount and surface appearance.
Barnard,
Infants & Young Children – Observes
Kathryn
Price Adaptation Scale None found maternal infant reciprocity at 10 days of
(Infants &
age.
Young Children)
Generic Instrument – A 51-item,
patient-completed questionnaire
www.outcomes- designed to measure the seven
Primary Care Assessment trust.org/instruments.htm
essential features of primary care:
Survey (PCAS) (Safran, et
http://www.musc.edu/dfm/RCMAR/ access, continuity, comprehensive-
al., 1998)
TrustTools.html ness, integration, clinical management,
―whole person‖ orientation, and
sustained clinical-patient relationship.
Childhood Nutrition – Confidential
survey for primary care providers
http://www.mywhatever.com/cifwrite detailing their experience with making
Primary Care Provider Kennedy,
r/content/41/pe4817.html psychosocial referrals for their patients
Survey (Office of Disease Christine
with serious illness as well as their
Prevention & Health (Childhood http://www.nkdep.nih.gov/about/pilo practices and attitudes about
Promotion, 1992) Nutrition) tsites/primary_care_survey.pdf
discussing spirituality at the end of life..
Includes whether diet counseling was
provided by the primary care provider.
Scale defined specific functions defined
http://www.state.ct.us/sde/dtl/t- by principal behaviors that must be
Principal Instructional a/teacher_admin_eval/staff_elsi.ht performed by instructional leaders.
Management Rating Scale m (In ―Handbook of Tests and
(Hallinger & Murphy, 1987) Measurement in Education and the
http://coe.ksu.edu/ucea/04ucea28.p
df Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 128
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
(In ―Handbook of Tests and
Principal Performance Rating http://www.library.wwu.edu/ref/subj Measurement in Education and the
Scale (Weiss, 1989) guides/testing/education.html Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
(In ―Handbook of Tests and
http://libraries.uta.edu/helen/test&m
Principal Self-Efficacy Scale eas/AlphaKeyword/Keyword%20EF
Measurement in Education and the
(Hillman, 1986) .htm Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
1997.)
Grey, Margaret Interventions for Children with Diabetes
Problem Situations
(Diabetes None found and Their Families/Research in
Questionnaire (Gillis, 1990)
Interventions) Chronic Illness –
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ Nursing Staff / Staff Turnover –
Professional Autonomy & Hinshaw &
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Identified a potential for turnover:
Turnover Model (Weisman, Atwood Med&list_uids=2300328&dopt=Abs intent to stay, intent to leave, and
Alexander & Chase, 1981) (Nursing Staff) tract
anticipated turnover.
http://www.library.wwu.edu/ref/subj
guides/testing/education.html Socialization and roles – Instrument
Professional Orientation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
was comprised of three separate
Scale (Corwin, 1963) query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub scales measuring professional,
Med&list_uids=11155105&dopt=Ab bureaucratic and service orientation.
stract
http://www.nursingresearchonline.c
om/pt/re/nnr/abstract.00006199-
Hinshaw & 199705000- Staff Turnover – Identified a potential
Professional Turnover Model
Atwood 00007.htm;jsessionid=CcQmfrovrH for turnover: intent to stay, intent to
(Price & Mueller, 1981) xeHO7OwCQ4ATRSiK1HUsU7rLN
(Nursing Staff) leave, and anticipated turnover.
XX0vOZ421vQsXEfZe!-
806031158!-949856031!9001!-1
Snyder, Mariah
(Relaxation);
McCain, N & Relaxation / Psychoneuro-
Zeller, J immunological Studies in HIV Disease /
(Psychoneuro- Sibling Experience of Living with
immunological Childhood Chronic Illness and
Studies in HIV); Disability – Measures 6 identifiable
Potempa, http://www.yorku.ca/psycentr/tests/ mood or affective states: Tension-
Profile of Mood States Kathleen per_test.html#40 Anxiety, Depression-Dejection, Anger-
(McNair, Lorr & Droppleman, (Chronic Hostility, Vigor-Activity, Fatigue-Inertia,
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/emotion.
1971; Cella, 1987); Short Fatigue) htm Confusion-Bewilderment.
Form (McNair, Lorr & Holzemer, Emotional Symptoms / Chronic Fatigue
Droppleman, 1992) William & www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h / Quality of Life and the Spectrum of
Wilson, Holly tm HIV Infection – A 65-item, adjective
(QOL & HIV); rating scale used in the National
Van Riper, Hospice Study and the Study to
Marcia (Sibling Understand Prognoses and
Experience, Preferences for outcomes, and Risks of
Childhood Treatments.
Chronic Illness,
Disability)
Used to describe the administrative
structures of the colleges on a
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ continuum from exploitive/ authoritative
Profile of Organizational query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub through benevolent/ authoritative and
Characteristics (Likert, 1980) Med&list_uids=3855904&dopt=Abs consultative to participatory. (In
tract
―Handbook of Tests and Measurement
in Education and the Social Sciences,‖
by Lester & Lloyd, 1997.)
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 129
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Schizophrenia – A stroke impairment
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ scale that can be divided into two
Fox, Jeanne &
Prognostic Scale (J.S. query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub subscales, namely the "social
Kane, Catherine Med&list_uids=8832198&dopt=Abs
Strauss & Carpenter, 1974) functioning in the previous twelve
(Schizophrenia) tract
months" and the "extent of handicap by
psychiatric symptoms."
Special Populations – A questionnaire
asking about their health status, use of
http://www.rwjf.org/portfolios/resour health care services, reasons for
Project HOPE Hilfinger, M &
ces/grantsreport.jsp?filename=026 immigrating to the United States, and
Undocumented Immigrant Rubio, M. 618s.htm&iaid=132 beliefs about the health care delivery
Health Care Access Survey (Immigration &
system and was used to determine the
(Berk & Schur, 2001) Health)
extent to which concerns about
immigration status served as a
deterrent to seeking care.
Moral Reasoning / Values – PROM
presents several stories that invoke
conflict to which subjects respond on a
PROM (Prosocial Moral
www.character.org/resources/asses 7-point scale how much given
Reasoning) (Carlo, Eisenberg sment/ statements influenced decision-making.
& Knight, 1992)
These levels are labeled Hedonistic,
Needs-Oriented, Approval-Oriented,
Stereotyped, and Internalized.
Affective Cognitive Development
Promoting Alternative
Instrument – Designed to improve
Thinking Strategies (PATHS) www.character.org/resources/asses
sment/ children’s ability to discuss and
Questionnaire (Greenberg,
understand emotions and emotion
et al., 1995)
concepts.
Prosocial / Altruistic Behavior – A 20-
Prosocial Behavior item questionnaire for use by
www.character.org/resources/asses
Questionnaire (Weir & sment/ classroom teachers to assess the
Duveen, 1981) occurrence of prosocial behavior in
children.
Pain / Combined Assessment – A
multidimensional index that examines
Prostate Cancer Index (UCLA www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical generic quality of life based on the
Quality of Life Project, 1996) .htm work of Ware, with new scales of
sexuality and urinary symptoms for
patients with prostate cancer.
Cartwright, Nursing Homes and Assisted Living
Provider of Service File http://www.cms.hhs.gov/physicians/
Juliana (Places pfs/ Facilities as Places for Dying – For
(HCFA file)
for Dying) service providers.
Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms – A
Psychiatric Assessment 51-item instrument which has a section
www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h
Schedule (PAS) (Bond, et al., tm to identify organic disorders, affective
1980) disorders and psychoneuroses, and
schizophrenias and paranoid disorders.
Human Responses to Catastrophe – It
is a widely used interview that was
designed to improve the research value
Murphy, Shirley
Psychiatric Status Schedule http://archpsyc.ama- of clinical judgments. Although it was
(Human
(PSS) (Spitzer, Endicott, assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/35/6/7 developed with psychiatric patients, its
Responses to 31
Fleiss & Cohen, 1970) authors hoped it could be used to
Catastrophe)
evaluate nonpatients, a capability that
would make it a much needed tool for
epidemiologic research.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 130
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Alzheimer’s Disease – Provides an
assessment of the clinical changes of
dementia and depression. There are 3
Psychogeriatric Assessment scales derived from an interview with
http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc
Scale (PAS) (Jorm, et al., ales.htm the subject (cognitive impairment,
1995) depression, stroke) and 3 derived from
an interview with an informant
(cognitive decline, behavioral change,
stroke).
Psychological
Epidemiological Research Kim, Mi Ja http://www.ingentaconnect.com/con
Nursing Diagnosis – Psychiatric
Interview Symptom Scales (Nsg. tent/bpsoc/bjmp/1999/00000072/00
000001/art00003 symptom scales
(Dohrenwend, Shront, Egri, & Diagnosis)
Mendelsohn, 1980)
Fox, Jeanne http://www.findarticles.com/p/article
Psychological Mental Health Chronic Mental Illness – Assessment of
(Chronic Mental s/mi_m2248/is_n126_v32/ai_19619
Index (PMHI) (Dupuy, 1974) 419/pg_2 quality of life.
Illness)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Krulewitch, C Med&list_uids=12114906&dopt=Ab Research on Alcohol Use – Test at 15
(Alcohol stract
Psychomotor Developmental months to determine effect of alcohol
Consumption
Index (PDI) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ consumption during pregnancy (part of
During
query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub the Bayley scale).
Pregnancy) Med&list_uids=11174744&dopt=Ab
stract
Schizophrenia – A formal rating scale
Psychopathology Rating Fox, Jeanne & http://www.ingentaconnect.com/con
used to measure outcome in
Scale (PRS) (Singh & Kay, Kane, Catherine tent/adis/cns/2000/00000014/0000
0001/art00003 schizophrenia, but was designed
1975) (Schizophrenia)
primarily to measure symptoms.
http://www.transplantpsychologist.c
Psychosocial Adjustment to Mischel, Merle om/publications/pub_2000_1.htm Uncertainty in Chronic Illness – A
Illness Scale (Morrow, (Uncertainty in frequently used measure of adjustment
Chiarello & Derogatis, 1978) Chronic Illness) http://content.apa.org/journals/pas/ in medically ill adults.
12/4/409
Mercer,
Psychosocial Maturity Scale http://www.leaonline.com/doi/abs/1 Community Nursing – Measure of
Ramona
(Greenberger, Josselson, 0.1207/S1532480XADS0404_1?co psychosocial maturity in high school
(Teenage okieSet=1
Knerr & Knerr, 1975) students.
Pregnancy)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Pulmonary Function Status Disease: Strategies to Improve
Larson, Janet
Scale (Weaver & Narsavage, http://www.atsqol.org/pfss.asp Functional Status – A functional status
(COPD)
1992) instrument for use in adult pulmonary
patients.
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/function.
htm
http://www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Fu Functional Status – Measuring health:
PULSES Profile (Moskowitz, ncti.htm a guide to rating scales and
1957)
questionnaires.
http://libraries.uta.edu/helen/test&m
eas/AlphaKeyword/Keyword%20PU
.htm
http://www.scre.ac.uk/tpr/observatio
ns/obs3/obs3burr.html (In ―Handbook of Tests and
Pupil Attitude Questionnaire Measurement in Education and the
http://w3.kfar-
(Kolesar, 1967) olami.org.il/reed/info/docs/%201%2 Social Sciences,‖ by Lester & Lloyd,
0Pupil's%20Attitude%20Questionn 1997.)
aire.doc
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 131
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Problem At-Risk Behavior – A 38-item
measure of how teachers perceive
Pupil Behavior Patterns Scale www.character.org/resources/asses
sment/ student behavior in the classroom;
(Friedman, 1994)
includes three subscales: disrespect,
sociability, and attentiveness.
Problem At-Risk Behavior – A scale of
29 descriptions of student
misbehaviors is presented.
Pupil Disruptive Behavior Respondents rate punishment for the
www.character.org/resources/asses
Scale (Lunenberg & Schmidt, sment/ behavior on an 8-point Likert-type
1987) scale. Instrument can be used to
determine punitive measures for school
personnel to control pupil disruptive
behavior.
Stember,
Purdue Teacher Opinionaire http://www- Curricular Research – A 100-item
Marilyn
(Bentley & Rempel, Note 2, rohan.sdsu.edu/~mstover/tests/Tes instrument designed to measure 10
(Curricular tsInMicrofiche.html
1980) satisfaction factors.
Res.)
Attitude Indices – 20-item attitude scale
Purpose of Life Test (PIL) www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht
m with emphasis on the need for purpose
(Crumbaugh, 1964)
and meaning in life.
QL Index, HIRC-QL, Uniscale www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Spirit.ht Quality of Life Instrument – National
QL (Morris, 1986) m Hospice Study
Pain/Specific Symptoms – A
QOL of Life in Chronic Lung www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical multidimensional index to assess
Disease (Guyatt, 1987) .htm outcomes of clinical trials in patients
with COPD.
Children with Epilepsy: Quality of life
and Psychosocial Needs/Research in
Chronic Illness – A 48-item scale for
Austin, Joan K http://www.epilepsy.com/epilepsy/q measuring quality of life in adolescents
QOLIE-AD-48 (Cramer, et al., & Dunn, David uality_of_life.html with epilepsy across 8 dimensions:
1999) W (Children epilepsy impact,
http://www.proqolid.org/
with Epilepsy) memory/concentration, attitudes,
physical function, stigma, social
support, school, and health
perceptions.
Elder Mistreatment – An instrument
intended to measure the quality of
homecare. This 53-item scale is in a
Likert-type format and sets the stage
for uniform assessment related to
Fulmer, Terry http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ quality care giving and elder
QUALCARE Scale (Phillips, query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
(Elder Med&list_uids=2312237&dopt=Abs mistreatment. It is an observational
Morrison & Chaie, 1990)
Mistreatment) tract rating scale designed to quantify the
quality of family caregiving to home-
dwelling elders in six areas: physical,
medical management, psychosocial,
environmental, human rights and
financial.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 132
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Quality of Life and the Spectrum of HIV
Infection – An instrument designed to
Quality Audit Marker (QAM) Holzemer, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ measure changes in the status of
(Holzemer, Henry, Stewart & William & query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub
Med&list_uids=8518770&dopt=Abs hospitalized AIDS patients due to
Janson-Bjerklie, 1992; Wilson, Holly
tract nursing care. It includes three scales:
Holzemer, 1993) (QOL & HIV)
Self-Care, Ambulation, and
Psychological Distress.
Pain/Combined Assessment – A 24-
item instrument that assesses the
Quality of Care in Prostate www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical process of care, results of care,
Cancer (Fowler, n.d.) .htm complications due to care, self-rated
health, rating of care, and how the
patient felt things worked out.
http://careers.needscripts.com/quali
Quality of Employment Conway, Mary ty-of-employment-survey.html
Socialization and Roles – Instrument
Survey (Quinn & Shepherd, (Socialization &
http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/issr/da/i used to measure autonomy.
1974) Roles)
ndex/techinfo/I35101.HTM
Quality of Life – A 55-item disease-
Quality of Life for Respiratory
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality. specific scale for patients with mild to
Illness Questionnaire (Maille, htm moderate chronic non-specific lung
1997)
disease.
Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s Disease – Used for the
Disease Patient and http://www.webenet.com/geriatricsc assessment of quality of life in
Caregiver Report (QoL-AD) ales.htm dementia and is taken from self and
(Logsdon, et al., 1999) caregiver reports.
Holzemer,
William & Quality of Life and the Spectrum of HIV
Wilson, Holly Infection / Nursing Research in Taiwan
Quality of Life Index (Ferrans (QOL & HIV); – Measures quality of life in terms of
http://www.uic.edu/orgs/qli/
& Powers, 1985) Shiao, Shyang- satisfaction with life. The QLI measures
Yun & Chao, both satisfaction and importance
Yu-Mei (Nursing regarding various aspects of life.
Res. In Taiwan)
Quality of Life – A short, 14-item scale
Quality of Life Index (Pedilla, www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality. that measures general physical
1983) htm condition, important human activities,
and general quality of life.
General Symptoms/Quality of Life /
Quality of Life and the Spectrum of HIV
Holzemer, www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/emotion. Infection – One of the earliest QOL
htm
Quality of Life Index (Spitzer, William & instruments that measures activity
et al., 1981) Wilson, Holly www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/Emotio.h level, social support, and mental well
(QOL & HIV) tm being. Designed to measure the
general well-being of patients with
terminal illness or chronic disease.
Family Assessment – Brief but
comprehensive measure of life
Quality of Life Inventory http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages satisfaction; reveals areas of
(QOLI) (Frisch, 1994) /~tclibrary/assessmenttest-list.html satisfaction and dissatisfaction in 16
areas of life, such as love, work and
health.
Toolbox – Instruments/Tools – 11/10/2011 133
Researcher/
Tool/Scale/Instrument Website Description/Article Topic
Topic
Children with Epilepsy: Quality of life
and Psychosocial Needs/Chronic
Austin, Joan K Illness – A 25-item scale to measure of
Quality of Life Scale
& Dunn, David http://www.epilepsy.com/epilepsy/q dimensions of quality of life: self-
(Wildrick, Parker-Fisher & uality_of_life.html
W (Children concept, home life, school life, social
Morales, 1996)
with Epilepsy) activities, and medicine with the target
population being school-age youth (8-
18 years) with mild epilepsy.
Children with Epilepsy: Quality of life
and Psychosocial Needs/Research in
Chronic Illness – for adolescents (12-
15 years) with a chronic health
Austin, Joan K
Quality of Life Scale, Child- http://www.epilepsy.com/epilepsy/q condition. Questions measured
& Dunn, David
Administered (Apajaslo, et uality_of_life.html functioning related to mobility, vision,
W (Children
al., 1996) hearing, breathing, sleeping, eating,
with Epilepsy)
elimination, speech, mental functioning,
discomfort and symptoms, school and
hobbies, friends, physical appearance,
depression, distress, and vitality.
Research in Chronic Illness – 29-item,
http://scholar.google.com/scholar% parent-completed scale for children
Austin, Joan & 3Fq%3DQuality+of+Life+Scale%26
Quality of Life Scale (Hoare, with epilepsy, measures three areas:
Dunn, David hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGG
1993) LG,GGLG:2005- epilepsy and its treatment, child’s
(Chronic Illness)
19,GGLG:en%26oi%3Dscholart adjustment development and effects on
family life.
Measure of students’ quality of life. (In
Quality of School Life Scale http://www.invitationaleducation.net ―Handbook of Tests and Measurement
(Epstein & McPartland, 1977) /publications/journal/v12p103.htm in Education and the Social Sciences,‖
by Lester & Lloyd, 1997.)
Pain/Combined Assessment / Quality
www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/physical of Life and the Spectrum of HIV
Holzemer,
Quality of Well-Being Scale .htm Infection – Assesses mobility, physical
William &
(Kaplan, et al., 1989; Kaplan, activity, social activity, and 27
Wilson, Holly www.gwu.edu/~cicd/toolkit/Quality.
1994) symptoms. Scale is unique in that it
(QOL & HIV) htm
can summarize a patient’s quality of life
as a single number.
Hinshaw &
Quality of Worklife Module www.cdc.gov/niosh/pdfs/QWLsurve
Atwood y.pdf Nursing Staff – General Social Survey
(NIOSH)
(Nursing Staff)
Nursing Care Quality Assessment – An
instrument consisting of 68 items to
measure the quality of nursing care
Lang, N., &