asia

CountryName Alias TotalArea

647500









Afghanistan afghanistan

29800







Armenia armenia

86600









Azerbaijan azerbaijan

620





Bahrain bahrain

144000







Bangladesh bangladesh

47000









Bhutan bhutan

181040







Cambodia cambodia

9,596,960







China china

98480









Democratic People's Republic of Korea southkorea

69700









Georgia georgia

3,287,590









India india

1648000









Iran (Islamic Republic of) iran

437072









Iraq iraq

20770









Israel israel

377,835







Japan japan

92300

Jordan jordan

2717300







Kazakhstan kazakhstan

17820









Kuwait kuwait

198500







Kyrgyzstan kyrgyzstan

236800







Lao People's Democratic Republic laos

10400









Lebanon lebanon

300

Maldives maldives

1565000









Mongolia mongolia

678500









Myanmar (Formerly known as Burma) myanmar

140800









Nepal nepal

212460

Oman oman

803940









Pakistan pakistan

300000









Philippines phillipines

11437

Qatar qatar

120540









Republic of Korea northkorea

17075200









Russian Federation russia





Saudi Arabia saudiarabia 1,960,582

65610









Sri Lanka srilanka

185180





Syrian Arab Republic syria

143100









Tajikistan tajikistan

514500







Thailand thailand

488100









Turkmenistan turkmenistan

82880







United Arab Emirates uae

447400









Uzbekistan uzbekistan

329560









Viet Nam vietnam

527970









Yemen yemen

LandArea WaterArea AreaCompare

slightly smaller than Texas









647,500 0

slightly smaller than Maryland







28,400 1,400

slightly smaller than Maine









86,100 500

3.5 times the size of Washington, DC





620 0

slightly smaller than Iowa







133,910 10,090

about half the size of Indiana









47,000 0

slightly smaller than Oklahoma







176,520 4,520

slightly smaller than the US







9,326,410 270,550

slightly larger than Indiana









98,190 260

slightly smaller than South Carolina









69,700 0

slightly less than three times the size of Texas









2,973,190 314,400

slightly larger than Alaska









1,636,000 12,000

slightly more than twice the size of Idaho









432,162 4,910

slightly smaller than New Jersey









20,330 440

slightly smaller than California







374,744 3,091

slightly smaller than Indiana

91,971 329

slightly less than four times the size of Texas







2,669,800 47,500

slightly smaller than New Jersey









17,820 0

slightly smaller than South Dakota







191,300 7,200

slightly larger than Utah







230,800 6,000

about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut









10,230 170

about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC

300 0

slightly smaller than Alaska









1,565,000 0

slightly smaller than Texas









657,740 20,760

slightly larger than Arkansas









136,800 4,000

slightly smaller than Kansas

212,460 0

slightly less than twice the size of California









778,720 25,220

slightly larger than Arizona









298,170 1,830

slightly smaller than Connecticut

11,437 0

slightly smaller than Mississippi









120,410 130

slightly less than 1.8 times the size of the US









16,995,800 79,400

slightly more than one-fifth the size of the US





1,960,582 0

slightly larger than West Virginia









64,740 870

slightly larger than North Dakota





184,050 1,130

slightly smaller than Wisconsin









142,700 400

slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming







511,770 2,230

slightly larger than California









488,100 0

slightly smaller than Maine







82,880 0

slightly larger than California









425,400 22,000

slightly larger than New Mexico









325,360 4,200

slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming









527,970 0

GDP MilitaryExpenditures Currency

afghani (AFA)









800 NA

dram (AMD)







3000 75 million

Azerbaijani manat (AZM)









3000 121 million

Bahraini dinar (BHD)





15900 318 million

taka (BDT)







1570 559 million

ngultrum (BTN); Indian rupee

(INR)









1100 NA

riel (KHR)







1300 112 million

yuan (CNY)







3600 12.608 billion

South Korean won (KRW)









16100 12 billion

lari (GEL)









4600 23 million

Indian rupee (INR)









2200 13.02 billion

Iranian rial (IRR)









6300 5.787 billion

Iraqi dinar (IQD)









2500 NA

new Israeli shekel (ILS)









18900 8.7 billion

yen (JPY)







24900 43 billion

Jordanian dinar (JOD)

3500 608.9 million

tenge (KZT)







5000 322 million

Kuwaiti dinar (KWD)









15000 1.9 billion

Kyrgyzstani som (KGS)







2700 12 million

kip (LAK)







1700 55 million

Lebanese pound (LBP)









5000 343 million

rufiyaa (MVR)

2000 NA

togrog/tugrik (MNT)









1780 25.5 million

kyat (MMK)









1500 39 million

Nepalese rupee (NPR)









1360 44 million

Omani rial (OMR)

7700 2.4 billion

Pakistani rupee (PKR)









2000 2.435 billion

Philippine peso (PHP)









3800 995 million

Qatari rial (QAR)

20300 723 million

North Korean won (KPW)









1000 4.3 billion

Russian ruble (RUR)









7700 NA

Saudi riyal (SAR)





10500 18.3 billion

Sri Lankan rupee (LKR)









3250 719 million

Syrian pound (SYP)





3100 921 million

somoni









1140 17 million

baht (THB)







6700 1.775 billion

Turkmen manat (TMM)









4300 90 million

Emirati dirham (AED)







22800 1.6 billion

Uzbekistani sum (UZS)









2400 200 million

dong (VND)









1950 650 million

Yemeni rial (YER)









820 414 million

ConversionRate

afghanis per US dollar - 4,700

(January 2000), 4,750 (February

1999), 17,000 (December 1996),

7,000 (January 1995), 1,900

(January 1994), 1,019 (March

1993), 850 (1991); note - these

rates reflect the free market

exchange rates rather than the

official exchange rate, which was

fixed at 50.600 afghanis to the

dollar until 1996, when it rose to

2,262.65 per dollar, and finally

became fixed again at 3,000.00

per dollar in April 1996





drams per US dollar - 554.29 (1

February 2001), 539.53 (2000),

535.06 (1999), 504.92 (1998),

490.85 (1997), 414.04 (1996)

Azerbaijani manats per US dollar -

4,579 (1 February 2001), 4,342

(October 1999), 4,373 (1999),

3,869 (1998), 3,985.38 (1997),

4,301.26 (1996)



Bahraini dinars per US dollar -

0.3760 (fixed rate pegged to the

US dollar)

taka per US dollar - 54.000

(January 2001), 52.142 (2000),

49.085 (1999), 46.906 (1998),

43.892 (1997), 41.794 (1996)

ngultrum per US dollar - 46.540

(January 2001), 44.942 (2000),

43.055 (1999), 41.259 (1998),

36.313 (1997), 35.433 (1996);

note - the Bhutanese ngultrum is

at par with the Indian rupee which

is also legal tender

riels per US dollar - 3,909.0

(January 2001), 3,840.8 (2000),

3,807.8 (1999), 3,744.4 (1998),

2,946.3 (1997), 2,624.1 (1996)

yuan per US dollar - 8.2776

(January 2001), 8.2785 (2000),

8.2783 (1999), 8.2790 (1998),

8.2898 (1997), 8.3142 (1996)

official: North Korean won per US

dollar - 2.15 (May 1994), 2.13

(May 1992), 2.14 (September

1991), 2.1 (January 1990), 2.3

(December 1989); market: North

Korean won per US dollar - 200



lari per US dollar - 1.9798

(December 2000), 1.9762 (2000),

2.0245 (1999), 1.3898 (1998),

1.2975 (1997), 1.2628 (1996)



Indian rupees per US dollar -

46.540 (January 2001), 44.942

(2000), 43.055 (1999), 41.259

(1998), 36.313 (1997), 35.433

(1996)

Iranian rials per US dollar -

1,754.71 (January 2001),

1,764.43 (2000), 1,725.93

(1999), 1,751.86 (1998),

1,752.92 (1997), 1,750.76 (1996)



Iraqi dinars per US dollar -

0.3109 (fixed official rate since

1982); black market rate - Iraqi

dinars per US dollar - 1,910

(December 1999), 1,815

(December 1998), 1,530

(December 1997), 910

(December 1996), 3,000

(December 1995); note - subject

to wide fluctuations

new Israeli shekels per US dollar -

4.0810 (December 2000), 4.0773

(2000), 4.1397 (1999), 3.8001

(1998), 3.4494 (1997), 3.1917

(1996)

yen per US dollar - 117.10

(January 2001), 107.77 (2000),

113.91 (1999), 130.91 (1998),

120.99 (1997), 108.78 (1996)

Jordanian dinars per US dollar -

0.7090 (1996-present )

tenge per US dollar - 145.09

(January 2001), 142.13 (2000),

119.52 (1999), 78.30 (1998),

75.44 (1997), 67.30 (1996)

Kuwaiti dinars per US dollar -

0.3057 (January 2001), 0.3067

(2000), 0.3044 (1999), 0.3047

(1998), 0.3033 (1997), 0.2994

(1996)

soms per US dollar - 48.701

(January 2001), 47.704 (2000),

39.008 (1999), 20.838 (1998),

17.362 (1997), 12.810 (1996)

kips per US dollar - 7,578.00

(December 2000), 7,102.03

(1999), 3,298.33 (1998),

1,259.98 (1997), 921.02 (1996)

Lebanese pounds per US dollar -

1,507.5 (January 2001), 1,507.5

(2000), 1,507.8 (1999), 1,516.1

(1998), 1,539.5 (1997), 1,571.4

(1996)

rufiyaa per US dollar - 11.770

(fixed rate since 1995)

togrogs/tugriks per US dollar -

1,097.00 (December 2000),

1,076.67 (2000), 1,072.37

(1999), 840.83 (1998), 789.99

(1997), 548.40 (1996)

kyats per US dollar - official rate -

6.5972 (January 2001), 6.5167

(2000), 6.2858 (1999), 6.3432

(1998), 6.2418 (1997), 5.9176

(1996); kyats per US dollar -

black market exchange rate - 435

(yearend 2000)

Nepalese rupees per US dollar -

74.129 (January 2001), 71.104

(2000), 68.239 (1999), 65.976

(1998), 58.010 (1997), 56.692

(1996)

Omani rials per US dollar -

0.3845 (fixed rate since 1986)

Pakistani rupees per US dollar -

59.152 (January 2001), 52.814

(2000), 49.118 (1999), 44.943

(1998), 40.918 (1997), 35.909

(1996)

Philippine pesos per US dollar -

50.969 (January 2001), 44.192

(2000), 39.089 (1999), 40.893

(1998), 29.471 (1997), 26.216

(1996)

Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.6400

(fixed rate)

South Korean won per US dollar -

1,271.89 (January 2001),

1,130.96 (2000), 1,188.82

(1999), 1,401.44 (1998), 951.29

(1997), 804.45 (1996)



Russian rubles per US dollar -

28.3592 (January 2001), 28.1292

(2000), 24.6199 (1999), 9.7051

(1998), 5,785 (1997), 5,121

(1996)

Saudi riyals per US dollar -

3.7450 (fixed rate since June

1986)

Sri Lankan rupees per US dollar -

83.506 (January 2001), 77.005

(2000), 70.635 (1999), 64.450

(1998), 58.995 (1997), 55.271

(1996)

Syrian pounds per US dollar - 46

(2000), 46 (1998), 41.9 (January

1997)

Tajikistani somoni per US dollar -

2.2 (January 2001), 1550

(January 2000), 998 (January

1999), 350 (January 1997), 284

(January 1996)

baht per US dollar - 43.078

(January 2001), 40.112 (2000),

37.814 (1999), 41.359 (1998),

31.364 (1997), 25.343 (1996)

Turkmen manats per US dollar -

5,200 (January 2001), 5,200

(January 2000), 5,350 (January

1999), 4,070 (January 1997),

2,400 (January 1996)

Emirati dirhams per US dollar -

central bank mid-point rate:

3.6725 (since 1998); 3.6711

(1997), 3.6710 (1995-96)

Uzbekistani sums per US dollar -

325.0 (January 2001), 141.4

(January 2000), 111.9 (February

1999), 110.95 (December 1998),

75.8 (September 1997), 41.1

(1996)

dong per US dollar - 14,530

(January 2001), 14,020 (January

2000), 13,900 (December 1998),

11,100 (December 1996), 11,193

(1995 average), 11,000 (October

1994)



Yemeni rials per US dollar -

164.590 (October 2000), 160.683

(2000), 155.718 (1999), 135.882

(1998), 129.281 (1997), 94.157

(1996)

CountryID Population Literacy BirthRate

26,813,057 31.5 41.42









133

3,336,100 99 11.47









134

7,771,092 97 18.44









135

645,341 85.2 20.07









136

131,269,860 56 25.3







137

2,049,412 42.2 35.73









138

12,491,501 35 33.16









139

1,273,111,290 81.5 15.95









140

47,904,370 99 14.85









141

4,989,285 99 11.18









142

1,029,991,145 52 24.28









143

66,128,965 72.1 17.1









144

23,331,985 58 34.64









145

5,938,093 95 19.12









146

126,771,662 99 10.04









147

5,153,378 86.6 25.44









148

16,731,303 98 17.3









149

2,041,961 78.6 21.91







150

4,753,003 97 26.18









151

5,635,967 57 37.84









152

3,627,774 86.4 20.16









153

310,764 93.2 38.15



154

2,654,999 97 21.8









155

41,994,678 83.1 20.13









156

25,284,463 27.5 33.4









157

2,622,198 approaching80 37.96









158

144,616,639 42.7 31.21









159

82,841,518 94.6 27.37









160

769,152 79 15.91









161

21,968,228 98 19.1









162

145,470,197 98 9.35









163

22,757,092 62.8 37.34









164

19,408,635 90.2 16.58









165

16,728,808 70.8 30.64









166

6,578,681 98 33.23









167

61,797,751 93.8 16.63







168

4,603,244 98 28.55









169

2407460 79.2 18.11









170

25,155,064 99 26.1









171

79,939,014 93.7 21.23









172

18,078,035 38 43.36









173

DeathRate InterestingPlaces









17.72 N/A









Yerevan, Echmiadzin, Ashtarak, Artashat, Sevan,

9.74 Dillizhan, Alaverdi









9.55 Baku, Atashgah Temple, Gobustan, Kuba, Shemakha









Manama, Qal'at Al-Bahrain, Barbar and Ad-Diraz

Temples, Al-'Areen Wildlife Sanctuary, Muharraq

3.92 Island, Royal Tombs, bani Jamrah





Dhaka, Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Mainimati Ruins,

Somapuri Vihara, Sundarbans National Park, Puthia,

8.60 St. Martin Island, Chittagong Hill Tracts

Thimphu, Paro, Bumthang, Phobjika Valley,

14.03 Trashigang, Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, Laya









10.65 Phnom Penh, Angkor, Udong, Sihanoukville, Ratanakiri









Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Xi'an, Macau, Tibet,

Nanjing, Taishan, Turpan, Karakoram Highway,

6.74 Longgong Caves

5.93 P'yongyang, Haeju, Kuwolsan, Kaesong, Paekdusan









14.58 Tbilisi, Batumi, Kakheti, Tskhinvali, Vardzia









Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta, Agra, Varanasi, Shimla,

Hyderabad, Jaipur, Udaipur, Mysore, Kochi, Darjeeling,

Jaisalmer, Leh, Khajuraho, Kerala Backwaters,

8.74 Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Kanha National Park,









Tehran, Persepolis, Esfahan, Shiraz, Bam, Gombad-e

5.41 Kavus, Chogha Zambil, masule, Ali Sadr Caves

6.21 N/A









Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, The Dead Sea, The Galilee,

Bethlehem, Nablus, Ramla, Akko, Hula Valley & Nature

6.22 Reserve









Tokyo, Mt Fuji, Kyoto, Daisetsuzan National Park,

Nagasaki, Kirishima National Park, Noto-Hanto

8.34 Peninsula, Love Hotel Hill, Seagaia









Amman, Jerash, Petra, Madaba, Umm Al-Jimal, The

2.62 Desert Castle Loop, Wadi Rum

Almaty, Astana, Medeu & Shymbulaq, Zailiysky Alatau

and the Kungey Alatau, Kol-Say Lakes, Aqsu-

10.61 Zhabaghly Nature reserve, Aqtau, The Polygon







Kuwait City, Failaka Island, Al-Ahmadi, Al-Jahra, Doha

2.45 Village









Bishkek, Ala-Archa Canyon, lake Issyk-Kul, Central

Tian Shan, Bishkek to Kashgar via the Torugart Pass,

9.13 Bishkek to Osh & the Kyrgyz Ferghana Valley









Vientiane, Luang Prabang, Plain of Jars,, Ho Chi Minh

13.02 Trail, Bolaven Plateau









6.39 Beirut, Byblos, Tripoli, Tyre, Bcharre, Baalbek, Zahle

Male, Seenu, Resorts, Fuamulaku, Kudahuvadhoo, Baa

8.09 Atoll









Ulaan Baatar, Four Holy Peaks, Khustain Nuruu Nature

Reserve, Kharkhorin, Khovsgol Nuur, Amarbayasgalant

7.10 Khiid, Gurvansaikhan National Park, Khovd









Rangoon, Mandalay, Bagan, Bago, Exploring, Pathein,

12.30 Thaton, Mawlamyine, Pyay, Mrauk U, Kengtung









Kathmandu, Patan, Bhaktapur, Around the Kathmandu

Valley, The Terai, Pokhara, Dakshinkali, Nagarjun

10.22 Forest reserve, Daman









Muscat, Salalah, Nizwa, Batinah Coast, Sur, Mughsail,

4.10 Musandem Peninsula







Karachi, Lahore, Around Punjab, Quetta, Azad Jammu

& Kashmir, North-West Frontier Province, The Northern

9.26 Areas, Multan, kalash Valleys, Nanga, Parbat









Manila, Banaue, Beaches, remote Islands, Vigan,

6.04 Viriato, Lake Sebu

Doha, Zubara, Umm Salal Ali, Umm salal Mohammed,

4.26 Al-Khor









6.92 P'yongyang, Haeju, Kuwolsan, Kaesong, Paekdusan









Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novgorod, Trans-Siberian

Railway, The Volga, Sochi, Vladivostok, Murmansk,

13.85 Vyborg, Solovetsky Islands









Riyadh, Jeddah, Mecca & Taif, Najran, Madain Salah,

5.94 Asir National Park, Domat Al-Jandal









Colombo, Kandy, Anuradhapura, Sigiriya, Hikkaduwa,

6.43 Galle, Adam's Peak, Nuwara Eliya, Yala West









Damascus, Aleppo, Palmyra, Crac des Chevaliers,

5.21 Bosra ash-Sham, Rasafeh, Qala'at Samaan, Hama,

8.57 Dushanbe, Khojand, The Pamirs, Pamir Highway



Bangkok, nakhon Pathom, Ayuthaya, Chiang Mai, Ko

Samui, Phuket, Chachoengsao, Ko Si Chang, Mae Sot,

Prasit Hin Khao Phanom Rung Historical Park, Thaleh

7.54 Ban National Park









Ashghabat, Merv, Konye-Urgench, Turkmenbashi,

8.98 Repetek Desert Reserve, Gaurdak









Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Al-Ain, Sharjah, ras al-Khaimah,

3.79 Fujairah, Dibba









Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Ferghana

8.00 Valley, Shakhrisabz, Moynaq









Ho Chi Minh City, Dalat, Nha Trang, Hue, Hanoi,

Halong Bay, Ha Tien, Sam Mountain, Central

Highlands, Hoi An, Sapa, Dien Bien Phu, National

6.22 Parks

San'a, Ma'rib, Shihara, Wadi Hadhramawt, Baraqish,

9.58 Rada', Beit al-Faqih

BriefHistory

Afghanistan was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in 1979. The USSR

was forced to withdraw 10 years later by anti-communist mujahidin forces

supplied and trained by the US, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and others. Fighting

subsequently continued among the various mujahidin factions, but the

fundamentalist Islamic Taliban movement has been able to seize most of the

country. In addition to the continuing civil strife, the country suffers from

enormous poverty, a crumbling infrastructure, and widespread land mines.





An Orthodox Christian country, Armenia was incorporated into Russia in 1828

and the USSR in 1920. Armenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict

with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated

exclave, assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and

Azerbaijan began fighting over the exclave in 1988; the struggle escalated after

both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May

1994, when a cease-fire took hold, Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-

Karabakh but also a significant portion of Azerbaijan proper. The economies of

both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a

peaceful resolution.







Azerbaijan - a nation of Turkic Muslims - has been an independent republic since

the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Despite a cease-fire, in place since

1994, Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over the Azerbaijani

Nagorno-Karabakh enclave (largely Armenian populated). Azerbaijan has lost

almost 20% of its territory and must support some 750,000 refugees and

internally displaced persons (IDPs) as a result of the conflict. Corruption is

ubiquitous and the promise of widespread wealth from Azerbaijan's undeveloped

petroleum resources remains largely unfulfilled.







Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it

to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors.

Possessing minimal oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing

and refining, and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The

new amir is pushing economic and political reforms, and has worked to improve

relations with the Shi'a community. In 2001, the International Court of Justice

awarded the Hawar Islands, long disputed with Qatar, to Bahrain.





Bangladesh came into existence in 1971 when Bengali East Pakistan seceded

from its union with West Pakistan. About a third of this extremely poor country

annually floods during the monsoon rainy season, hampering economic

development.

In 1865, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan

would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding some border land.

Under British influence, a monarchy was set up in 1907; three years later, a

treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese

internal afairs and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role

was assumed by independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-

Bhutanese accord returned the areas of Bhutan annexed by the British,

formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's

responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. A refugee issue of some

100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of these displaced

persons are housed in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for

Refugees (UNHCR) camps. Maoist Assamese separatists from India, who have

established themselves in the southeast portion of Bhutan, have drawn Indian

cross-border incursions.









Following a five-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom

Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1 million

displaced people died from execution or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese

invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off 13 years of

fighting. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of

normalcy, as did the rapid diminishment of the Khmer Rouge in the mid-1990s. A

coalition government, formed after national elections in 1998, brought renewed

political stability and the surrender of remaining Khmer Rouge forces.







For centuries China has stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the

world in the arts and sciences. But in the first half of the 20th century, China was

beset by major famines, civil unrest, military defeats, and foreign occupation.

After World War II, the Communists under MAO Zedong established a

dictatorship that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over

everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978, his

successor DENG Xiaoping gradually introduced market-oriented reforms and

decentralized economic decision making. Output quadrupled in the next 20 years

and China now has the world's second largest GDP. Political controls remain

tight even while economic controls continue to weaken.

After World War II, a republic was set up in the southern half of the Korean

Peninsula while a communist-style government was installed in the north. The

Korean War (1950-53) had US and other UN forces intervene to defend South

Korea from North Korean attacks supported by the Chinese. An armistice was

signed in 1953 splitting the peninsula along a demilitarized zone at about the

38th parallel. Thereafter, South Korea achieved rapid economic growth, with per

capita income rising to 13 times the level of North Korea. In 1997, the nation

suffered a severe financial crisis from which it continues to make a solid

recovery. South Korea has also maintained its commitment to democratize its

political processes. In June 2000, a historic first south-north summit took place

between the south's President KIM Dae-jung and the north's leader KIM Chong-

il. In December 2000, President KIM Dae-jung won the Noble Peace Prize for his

lifeling committment to democracy and human rights in Asia. He is the first

Korean to win a Nobel Prize.









Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent

for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly

incorporated into the USSR until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. Russian

troops remain garrisoned at four military bases and as peacekeepers in the

separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia (but are scheduled to withdraw

from two of the bases by July 2001). Despite a badly degraded transportation

network - brought on by ethnic conflict, criminal activities, and fuel shortages -

the country continues to move toward a market economy and greater integration

with Western institutions.

The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world, goes back at least

5,000 years. Aryan tribes from the northwest invaded about 1500 B.C.; their

merger with the earlier inhabitants created classical Indian culture. Arab

incursions starting in the 8th century and Turkish in 12th were followed by

European traders beginning in the late 15th century. By the 19th century, Britain

had assumed political control of virtually all Indian lands. Nonviolent resistance to

British colonialism under Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU led to

independence in 1947. The subcontinent was divided into the secular state of

India and the smaller Muslim state of Pakistan. A third war between the two

countries in 1971 resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of

Bangladesh. Fundamental concerns in India include the ongoing dispute with

Pakistan over Kashmir, massive overpopulation, environmental degradation,

extensive poverty, and ethnic strife, all this despite impressive gains in economic

investment and output.







Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the

ruling shah was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces subsequently

crushed westernizing liberal elements. Militant Iranian students seized the US

Embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979 and held it until 20 January 1981.

During 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq over disputed

territory. The key current issue is how rapidly the country should open up to the

modernizing influences of the outside world.

Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq became an independent kingdom in

1932. A "republic" was proclaimed in 1958, but in actuality a series of military

strongmen have ruled the country since then, the latest being SADDAM Husayn.

Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war

(1980-1988). In August 1990 Iraq seized Kuwait, but was expelled by US-led, UN

coalition forces during January-February 1991. The victors did not occupy Iraq,

however, thus allowing the regime to stay in control. Following Kuwait's liberation,

the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass

destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. UN

trade sanctions remain in effect due to incomplete Iraqi compliance with relevant

UNSC resolutions.





Following World War II, the British withdrew from their mandate of Palestine, and

the UN partitioned the area into Arab and Jewish states, an arrangement

rejected by the Arabs. Subsequently, the Israelis defeated the Arabs in a series

of wars without ending the deep tensions between the two sides. The territories

occupied by Israel since the 1967 war are not included in the Israel country

profile, unless otherwise noted. In keeping with the framework established at the

Madrid Conference in October 1991, bilateral negotiations are being conducted

between Israel and Palestinian representatives (from the Israeli-occupied West

Bank and Gaza Strip) and Israel and Syria, to achieve a permanent settlement.

On 25 April 1982, Israel withdrew from the Sinai pursuant to the 1979 Israel-

Egypt Peace Treaty. Outstanding territorial and other disputes with Jordan were

resolved in the 26 October 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace. On 25 May 2000,

Israel withdrew unilaterally from southern Lebanon, which it had occupied since

1982.









While retaining its time-honored culture, Japan rapidly absorbed Western

technology during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. After its devastating

defeat in World War II, Japan recovered to become the second most powerful

economy in the world and a staunch ally of the US. While the emperor retains his

throne as a symbol of national unity, actual power rests in networks of powerful

politicians, bureaucrats, and business executives. The economy experienced a

major slowdown in the 1990s following three decades of unprecedented growth.









For most of its history since independence from British administration in 1946,

Jordan was ruled by King HUSSEIN (1953-1999). A pragmatic ruler, he

successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, USSR,

and UK), various Arab states, Israel, and a large internal Palestinian population,

through several wars and coup attempts. In 1989 he resumed parliamentary

elections and gradually permitted political liberalization; in 1994 a formal peace

treaty was signed with Israel. King ABDALLAH II - the eldest son of King

HUSSEIN and Princess MUNA - assumed the throne following his father's death

in February 1999. Since then, he has consolidated his power and established his

domestic priorities.

Native Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated into

the region in the 13th century, were rarely united as a single nation. The area

was conquered by Russia in the 18th century and Kazakhstan became a Soviet

Republic in 1936. During the 1950s and 1960s agricultural "Virgin Lands"

program, Soviet citizens were encouraged to help cultivate Kazakhstan's

northern pastures. This influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but also some

other deported nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture and enabled non-

Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Independence has caused many of these

newcomers to emigrate. Current issues include: developing a cohesive national

identity; expanding the development of the country's vast energy resources and

exporting them to world markets; and continuing to strengthen relations with

neighboring states and other foreign powers.









The Gilbert Islands were granted self-rule by the UK in 1971 and complete

independence in 1979 under the new name of Kiribati. The US relinquished all

claims to the sparsely inhabited Phoenix and Line Island groups in a 1979 treaty

of friendship with Kiribati.



A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic

traditions, Kyrgyzstan was annexed by Russia in 1864; it achieved independence

from the Soviet Union in 1991. Current concerns include: privatization of state-

owned enterprises, expansion of democracy and political freedoms, inter-ethnic

relations, and terrorism.





In 1975 the communist Pathet Lao took control of the government, ending a six-

century-old monarchy. Initial closer ties to Vietnam and socialization were

replaced with a gradual return to private enterprise, an easing of foreign

investment laws, and the admission into ASEAN in 1997.





Lebanon has made progress toward rebuilding its political institutions and

regaining its national sovereignty since 1991 and the end of the devastating 16-

year civil war. Under the Ta'if Accord - the blueprint for national reconciliation -

the Lebanese have established a more equitable political system, particularly by

giving Muslims a greater say in the political process while institutionalizing

sectarian divisions in the government. Since the end of the war, the Lebanese

have conducted several successful elections, most of the militias have been

weakened or disbanded, and the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) have extended

central government authority over about two-thirds of the country. Hizballah, the

radical Shi'a party, retains its weapons. Syria maintains about 25,000 troops in

Lebanon based mainly in Beirut, North Lebanon, and the Bekaa Valley. Syria's

troop deployment was legitimized by the Arab League during Lebanon's civil war

and in the Ta'if Accord. Damascus justifies its continued military presence in

Lebanon by citing the continued weakness of the LAF, Beirut's requests, and the

failure of the Lebanese Government to implement all of the constitutional reforms

in the Ta'if Accord. Israel's withdrawal from its security zone in southern Lebanon

in May of 2000, however, has emboldened some Lebanese Christians and Druze

to demand that Syria withdraw its forces as well.

The Maldives were long a sultanate, first under Dutch and then under British

protection. They became a republic in 1968, three years after independence.

Tourism and fishing are being developed on the archipelago.

Long a province of China, Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet

backing. A communist regime was installed in 1924. During the early 1990s, the

ex-communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) gradually yielded

its monopoly on power. In 1996, the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) defeated

the MPRP in a national election. Over the next four years the Coalition

implemented a number of key reforms to modernize the economy and

institutionalize democratic reforms. However, the former communists were a

strong opposition that stalled additional reforms and made implementation

difficult. In 2000, the MPRP won 72 of the 76 seats in Parliament and completely

reshuffled the government. While it continues many of the reform policies, the

MPRP is focusing on social welfare and public order priorities.



Despite multiparty elections in 1990 that resulted in the main opposition party

winning a decisive victory, the military junta ruling the country refused to hand

over power. Key opposition leader and Nobel Peace Prize recipient AUNG San

Suu Kyi, under house arrest from 1989 to 1995, was again placed under house

detention in September 2000; her supporters are routinely harassed or jailed.



In 1951, the Nepalese monarch ended the century-old system of rule by

hereditary premiers and instituted a cabinet system of government. Reforms in

1990 established a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional

monarchy. The refugee issue of some 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains

unresolved; 90% of these displaced persons are housed in seven United Nations

Offices of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps.



In 1970, QABOOS bin Said Al Said ousted his father and has ruled as sultan

ever since. His extensive modernization program has opened the country to the

outside world and has preserved a long-standing political and military relationship

with the UK. Oman's moderate, independent foreign policy has sought to

maintain good relations with all Middle Eastern countries.



The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with two

sections West and East) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily

resolved. A third war between these countries in 1971 resulted in East Pakistan

seceding and becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. A dispute over the

state of Kashmir is ongoing. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing,

Pakistan conducted its own tests in 1998.

The Philippines were ceded by Spain to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-

American War. They attained their independence in 1946 after being occupied by

the Japanese in World War II. The 21-year rule of Ferdinand MARCOS ended in

1986 when a widespread popular rebellion forced him into exile. In 1992, the US

closed down its last military bases on the islands. The Philippines has had two

electoral presidential transitions since Marcos' removal by "people power." In

January 2001, the Supreme Court declared Joseph ESTRADA unable to rule in

view of mass resignations from his government and administered the oath of

office to Vice President Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO as his constitutional

successor. The government continues to struggle with ongoing Muslim

insurgencies in the south.

Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a

poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with

significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s,

the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum

revenues by the amir who had ruled the country since 1972. He was overthrown

by his son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, in a bloodless coup in

1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain

and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have a per

capita income not far below the leading industrial countries of Western Europe.



Following World War II, Korea was split into a northern, communist half and a

southern, Western-oriented half. KIM Chong-il has ruled North Korea since his

father and the country's founder, president KIM Il-song, died in 1994. After

decades of mismanagement, the North relies heavily on international food aid to

feed its population, while continuing to expend resources to maintain an army of

about 1 million. North Korea's long-range missile development and research into

nuclear and chemical weapons are of major concern to the international

community.

The defeat of the Russian Empire in World War I led to the seizure of power by

the communists and the formation of the USSR. The brutal rule of Josef STALIN

(1924-53) strengthened Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens

of millions of lives. The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following

decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced

glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize

communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December

1991 splintered the USSR into 15 independent republics. Since then, Russia has

struggled in its efforts to build a democratic political system and market economy

to replace the strict social, political, and economic controls of the communist

period.

In 1902 Abdul al-Aziz Ibn SAUD captured Riyadh and set out on a 30-year

campaign to unify the Arabian peninsula. In the 1930s, the discovery of oil

transformed the country. Following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, Saudi

Arabia accepted the Kuwaiti royal family and 400,000 refugees while allowing

Western and Arab troops to deploy on its soil for the liberation of Kuwait the

following year. A burgeoning population, aquifer depletion, and an economy

largely dependent on petroleum output and prices are all major governmental

concerns.

Occupied by the Portuguese in the 16th century and the Dutch in the 17th

century, the island was ceded to the British in 1802. As Ceylon it became

independent in 1948; its name was changed in 1972. Tensions between the

Sinhalese majority and Tamil separatists erupted in violence in the mid-1980s.

Tens of thousands have died in an ethnic war that continues to fester.



Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Syria was

administered by the French until independence in 1946. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli

War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel. Since 1976, Syrian troops have been

stationed in Lebanon, ostensibly in a peacekeeping capacity. In recent years,

Syria and Israel have held occasional peace talks over the return of the Golan

Heights.

Tajikistan has experienced three changes in government and a five-year civil war

since it gained independence in 1991 from the USSR. A peace agreement

among rival factions was signed in 1997, and implementation reportedly

completed by late 1999. Part of the agreement required the legalization of

opposition political parties prior to the 1999 elections, which occurred, but such

parties have made little progress in successful participation in government.

Random criminal and political violence in the country remains a complication

impairing Tajikistan's ability to engage internationally.



A unified Thai kingdom was established in the mid-14th century; it was known as

Siam until 1939. Thailand is the only southeast Asian country never to have been

taken over by a European power. A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to a

constitutional monarchy. In alliance with Japan during World War II, Thailand

became a US ally following the conflict.

Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistan became a Soviet

republic in 1925. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR

in 1991. President NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and

opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could

prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects

can be worked out.

The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their

defense and foreign affairs in 19th century treaties. In 1971, six of these states -

Abu Zaby, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn -

merged to form the UAE. They were joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The

UAE's per capita GDP is not far below those of the leading West European

nations. Its generosity with oil revenues and its moderate foreign policy stance

have allowed it to play a vital role in the affairs of the region.



Russia conquered Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red

Army after World War I was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic set up

in 1925. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and

grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which

have left the land poisoned and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry.

Independent since 1991, the country seeks to gradually lessen its dependence

on agriculture while developing its mineral and petroleum reserves. Current

concerns include insurgency by Islamic militants based in Tajikistan and

Afghanistan, a non-convertible currency, and the curtailment of human rights and

democratization.

France occupied all of Vietnam by 1884. Independence was declared after World

War II, but the French continued to rule until 1954 when they were defeated by

communist forces under Ho Chi MINH, who took control of the north. US

economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an

attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn

following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later North Vietnamese

forces overran the south. Economic reconstruction of the reunited country has

proven difficult as aging Communist Party leaders have only grudgingly initiated

reforms necessary for a free market.

North Yemen became independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. The British,

who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th

century, withdrew in 1967 from what became South Yemen. Three years later,

the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation. The massive exodus of

hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two

decades of hostility between the states. The two countries were formally unified

as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement in 1994

was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to a delimitation

of their border.

CountryID Capital

Kabul

133

Yerevan

134

Baku (Baki)





135

136 Manama

Dhaka









137

138 Thimphu

Phnom Penh

139

Beijing







140

141 Seoul

142 T'bilisi

143 New Delhi

144 Tehran

Baghdad

145

Jerusalem; note - Israel proclaimed Jerusalem as its

capital in 1950, but the US, like nearly all other countries,

146 maintains its Embassy in Tel Aviv

Tokyo

147

Amman

148

Astana; note - the government moved from Almaty to

149 Astana in December 1998

150 Kuwait

151 Bishkek

152 Vientiane

Beirut

153

154 Male

155 Ulaanbaatar

156 Rangoon

Kathmandu

157

158 Muscat

159 Islamabad

160 Manila

161 Doha

162 P'yongyang

163 Moscow

164 Riyadh

Colombo; note - Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte is the

165 legislative capital

Damascus

166

167 Dushanbe

168 Bangkok

169 Ashgabat

Abu Dhabi



170

Tashkent (Toshkent)

171

172 Hanoi

Sanaa









173

Government DateFounded

no functioning central government, administered by 19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign

factions affairs)

republic 21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)





republic 30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)







constitutional monarchy 15 August 1971 (from UK)

parliamentary democracy 16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March

1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16

December 1971 is known as Victory Day and

commemorates the official creation of the state of

Bangladesh

monarchy; special treaty relationship with India 8 August 1949 (from India)

multiparty liberal democracy under a constitutional 9 November 1953 (from France)

monarchy established in September 1993

Communist state 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty 221

BC; Qing or Ch'ing Dynasty replaced by the Republic on

12 February 1912; People's Republic established 1

October 1949)

republic 15 August 1945 (from Japan)

republic 9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)

federal republic 15 August 1947 (from UK)

theocratic republic 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)

republic 3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under

British administration)

parliamentary democracy 14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under

British administration)



constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government 660 BC (traditional founding by Emperor Jimmu)



constitutional monarchy 25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under

British administration)

republic 16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)



nominal constitutional monarchy 19 June 1961 (from UK)

republic 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Communist state 19 July 1949 (from France)

republic 22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate

under French administration)

republic 26 July 1965 (from UK)

parliamentary 11 July 1921 (from China)

military regime 4 January 1948 (from UK)

parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy 1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah)



monarchy 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)

federal republic 14 August 1947 (from UK)

republic 4 July 1946 (from US)

traditional monarchy 3 September 1971 (from UK)

authoritarian socialist; one-man dictatorship 15 August 1945 (from Japan)

federation 24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

monarchy 23 September 1932 (Unification of the Kingdom)

republic 4 February 1948 (from UK)

republic under military regime since March 1963 17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under

French administration)

republic 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

constitutional monarchy 1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)

republic 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE 2 December 1971 (from UK)

federal government and other powers reserved to member

emirates

republic; effectively authoritarian presidential rule, with little 1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

power outside the executive branch

Communist state 2 September 1945 (from France)

republic 22 May 1990, Republic of Yemen was established with the

merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or

North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's

Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South

Yemen]; previously North Yemen had become

independent on NA November 1918 (from the Ottoman

Empire) and South Yemen had become independent on 30

November 1967 (from the UK)

RegionsNumber RegionsNames

30 provinces (velayat, singular - velayat) Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamian, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghow

10 provinces (marzer, singular - marz) and 1

city* (k'aghak'ner, singular - k'aghak') Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tav

59 rayons (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities*

(saharlar; sahar - singular), 1 autonomous

republic** (muxtar respublika) Abseron Rayonu, Agcabadi Rayonu, Agdam Rayonu, Agdas Rayonu, Agstafa

12 municipalities (manatiq, singular - mintaqah) Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Min









5 divisions Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi; note - there may be one additio

18 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural) Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Daga, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Par



Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Ka

20 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural)







Anhui, Beijing**, (zizhiqu, singular and plural), and 4 municipalities** Guizhou

23 provinces (sheng, singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions*Chongqing**, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi*,(shi, sing

Chagang-do (Chagang Province),

9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 3 special cities* (si, singular and plural) Hamgyong-bukto (North Hamgyong Provinc

Abashis, Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika** (Sokhumi), Adige

53 rayons (raionebi, singular - raioni), 9 cities* (k'alak'ebi, singular - k'alak'i), and 2 autonomous republics** (avtomnoy respublik

28 states and 7 union territories* Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam

28 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan) Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi, Azarbayjan-e Sharqi, Bushehr, Chahar Mahall v



18 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) Al Anbar, Al Basrah, Al Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah, An Najaf, Arbil, As Sulayman





6 districts (mehozot, singular - mehoz) Central, Haifa, Jerusalem, Northern, Southern, Tel Aviv



47 prefectures Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gumma



Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, 'Amman, At Tafilah, Az Zarqa

12 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah)



Almaty, qalasy)*

14 oblystar (singular - oblysy) and 3 cities (qala, singular -Almaty*, Aqmola (Astana), Aqtobe, Astana*, Atyrau, Batys Qazaqstan

Al

5 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) Ahmadi, Al Farwaniyah, Al 'Asimah, Al Jahra', Hawalli

- shaar)

7 oblastlar (singular - oblast) and 1 city* (singular Batken Oblasty, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty

Attapu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louangna

16 provinces (khoueng, singular and plural), 1 municipality* (kampheng nakhon, singular and plural), and 1 special zone** (khe



5 governorates (mohafazat, singular - mohafazah) Beyrouth, Ech Chimal, Ej Jnoub, El Bekaa, Jabal Loubnane

Alifu, Baa, administrative Gaafu Alifu, Gaafu Dhaalu, Gnaviyani, Haa Alifu, H

19 atolls (atholhu, singular and plural) and 1 other first-order Dhaalu, Faafu, division*

Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy,

18 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 3 municipalities* (hotuud, singular - hot) Bulgan, Darhan*, Dornod, Dornogovi, D

Chin State, singular - pyine)

7 divisions* (yin-mya, singular - yin) and 7 states (pyine-mya, Ayeyarwady*, Bago*, Kachin State, Kayin State, Kayah State, Mag



14 zones (anchal, singular and plural) Bagmati, Bheri, Dhawalagiri, Gandaki, Janakpur, Karnali, Kosi, Lumbini, Maha

Ad Dakhiliyah, Al Batinah, Al Wusta, Ash Sharqiyah, Az Zahirah, Masqat, Mus

6 regions (mintaqat, singular - mintaqah) and 2 governorates* (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah)

4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory** Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory

73 provinces and 61 chartered cities* Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Angeles*, Antique, Au

9 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah) Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan

Cheju-do, Cholla-bukto, Cholla-namdo, plural)

9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 7 metropolitan cities* (gwangyoksi, singular and Ch'ungch'ong-bukto, Ch'ungch'ong-na

Adygeya (Maykop)*, Aginskiy Buryatskiy (Aginskoye)**, Altay (Gorno-Altaysk)*

49 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast), 21 republics* (respublik, singular - respublika), 10 autonomous okrugs**(avtonomnykh o

13 provinces (mintaqat, singular - mintaqah) Al Bahah, Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah, Al Jawf, Al Madinah, Al Qasim, Ar Riyad,



8 provinces Central, North Central, North Eastern, North Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southe

14 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah, Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Da

Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyat

2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati mukhtori)

76 provinces (changwat, singular and plural) Amnat Charoen, Ang Thong, Buriram, Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum

5 welayatlar (singular - welayat) Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Nebitdag), Dashhowuz Welayat





7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah) Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy



Andijon Wiloyati, Bukhoro 1 city** (shahri)

12 wiloyatlar (singular - wiloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublikasi), and Wiloyati, Farghona Wiloyati, Jizzakh Wiloyati, Khor

An Giang, Bac singular and plural)

58 provinces (tinh, singular and plural), 3 municipalities* (thu do, Giang, Bac Kan, Bac Lieu, Bac Ninh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Ben T









Abyan, 'Adan, Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, 'Ataq, D

17 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah)

n, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghowr, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabol, Kandahar, Kapisa, Konar, Kondoz, Laghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimru



tayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan*





ayonu, Agdas Rayonu, Agstafa Rayonu, Agsu Rayonu, Ali Bayramli Sahari*, Astara Rayonu, Baki Sahari*, Balakan Rayonu, Barda Rayonu,

h, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madin









note - there may be one additional division named Sylhet

hug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Ph



Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb*, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay







Guangdong, Guangxi*, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol*, Ningxia*,

bukto (North Hamgyong Province), Hamgyong-namdo (South Hamgyong Province), Hwanghae-bukto (North Hwanghae Province), Hwangha

Respublika** (Sokhumi), Adigenis, Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika** (Bat'umi), Akhalgoris, Akhalk'alak'is, Akhalts'ikhis, Akhmetis,

sh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli*, Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryan

arqi, Bushehr, Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan, K



h, An Najaf, Arbil, As Sulaymaniyah, At Ta'mim, Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala', Maysan, Ninawa, Salah ad Din, Wasit









uoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gumma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto,



q, 'Amman, At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba



tana*, Atyrau, Batys Qazaqstan (Oral), Bayqongyr*, Mangghystau (Aqtau; formerly Shevchenko), Ongtustik Qazaqstan (Shymkent), Pavloda



ty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol) note: administrative divisions

aphan, Khammouan, Louangnamtha, Louangphabang, Oudomxai, Phongsali, Salavan, Savannakhet, Viangchan*, Viangchan, Xaignabouli,





Dhaalu, Gnaviyani, Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Kaafu, Laamu, Lhaviyani, Maale*, Meemu, Noonu, Raa, Seenu, Shaviyani, Thaa, Vaavu

Darhan*, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Erdenet*, Govi-Altay, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaat

, Kayin State, Kayah State, Magway*, Mandalay*, Mon State, Rakhine State, Sagaing*, Shan State, Tanintharyi*, Yangon*



ur, Karnali, Kosi, Lumbini, Mahakali, Mechi, Narayani, Rapti, Sagarmatha, Seti

qiyah, Az Zahirah, Masqat, Musandam*, Zufar*; note - the US Embassy in Oman reports that Masqat is a governorate, but this has not been

as*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, Sindhnote: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jam

n, Albay, Angeles*, Antique, Aurora, Bacolod*, Bago*, Baguio*, Bais*, Basilan, Basilan City*, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Batangas City*, Be

l Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Salal

gch'ong-bukto, Ch'ungch'ong-namdo, Inch'on-gwangyoksi*, Kangwon-do, Kwangju-gwangyoksi*, Kyonggi-do, Kyongsang-bukto, Kyongsang-

skoye)**, Altay (Gorno-Altaysk)*, Altayskiy (Barnaul)***, Amurskaya (Blagoveshchensk), Arkhangel'skaya, Astrakhanskaya, Bashkortostan (U

Al Madinah, Al Qasim, Ar Riyad, Ash Sharqiyah (Eastern Province), 'Asir, Ha'il, Jizan, Makkah, Najran, Tabuk



estern, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Uva, Western; note - North Eastern province may have been divided in two - Northern and Eastern

Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq, Halab, Hamah, Hims, Idlib, Rif Dimashq, Tartus

rugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobod (Khujand - formerly Leninabad) note

engsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Kh

Nebitdag), Dashhowuz Welayaty (formerly Tashauz), Lebap Welayaty (Charjew), Mary Welayaty note: administrative divisions have the sa





sh Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn



Wiloyati, Jizzakh Wiloyati, Khorazm Wiloyati (Urganch), Namangan Wiloyati, Nawoiy Wiloyati, Qashqadaryo Wiloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpoghi

Ninh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Ben Tre, Binh Dinh, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Binh Thuan, Ca Mau, Can Tho, Cao Bang, Dac Lak, Da Nang, Dong









, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, 'Ataq, Dhamar, Hadhramawt, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Sa'dah, San'a', Ta'izz note: there may be three more gove

aghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimruz, Oruzgan, Paktia, Paktika, Parvan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar, Vardak, Zabol; note - there may be









ri*, Balakan Rayonu, Barda Rayonu, Beylaqan Rayonu, Bilasuvar Rayonu, Cabrayil Rayonu, Calilabad Rayonu, Daskasan Rayonu, Davaci R

ah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah









igang, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang note: there may be two new districts named Gasa and Yangtse



heh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pailin*, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu* (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah K







lin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol*, Ningxia*, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai**, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin**, Xinjiang*, Xizang* (Tibet), Yunnan

orth Hwanghae Province), Hwanghae-namdo (South Hwanghae Province), Kaesong-si* (Kaesong City), Kangwon-do (Kangwon Province), N

khalk'alak'is, Akhalts'ikhis, Akhmetis, Ambrolauris, Aspindzis, Baghdat'is, Bolnisis, Borjomis, Chiat'ura*, Ch'khorotsqus, Ch'okhatauris, Dedop

d Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pra

, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh va Buyer Ahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Sem



san, Ninawa, Salah ad Din, Wasit









hima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga







stik Qazaqstan (Shymkent), Pavlodar, Qaraghandy, Qostanay, Qyzylorda, Shyghys Qazaqstan (Oskemen; formerly Ust'-Kamenogorsk), Sol



) note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name

Viangchan*, Viangchan, Xaignabouli, Xaisomboun**, Xekong, Xiangkhoang





nu, Shaviyani, Thaa, Vaavu

govi, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs note: there may be a new province named Gobi-Sumber; further, there

intharyi*, Yangon*





a governorate, but this has not been confirmed by the US Board of Geographic Names (BGN)

ministered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas

tanes, Batangas, Batangas City*, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Butuan*, Cabanatuan*, Cadiz*, Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro*, Calbayog



gi-do, Kyongsang-bukto, Kyongsang-namdo, Pusan-gwangyoksi*, Soul-t'ukpyolsi*, Taegu-gwangyoksi*, Taejon-gwangyoksi*, Ulsan-gwangyo

a, Astrakhanskaya, Bashkortostan (Ufa)*, Belgorodskaya, Bryanskaya, Buryatiya (Ulan-Ude)*, Chechnya (Groznyy)*, Chelyabinskaya, Chitin





in two - Northern and Eastern

Khujand - formerly Leninabad) note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses

Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep Mahanakhon (Bangkok), Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong S

: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in









aryo Wiloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpoghiston* (Nukus), Samarqand Wiloyati, Sirdaryo Wiloyati (Guliston), Surkhondaryo Wiloyati (Termiz), Toshk

Cao Bang, Dac Lak, Da Nang, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Gia Lai, Ha Giang, Hai Duong, Hai Phong*, Ha Nam, Ha Noi*, Ha Tay, Ha Tinh, Hoa B









note: there may be three more governorates: Al Daleh, Shabwah, and the capital city of Sana'a

, Vardak, Zabol; note - there may be two new provinces of Nurestan (Nuristan) and Khowst









Rayonu, Daskasan Rayonu, Davaci Rayonu, Fuzuli Rayonu, Gadabay Rayonu, Ganca Sahari*, Goranboy Rayonu, Goycay Rayonu, Haciqabu









Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev







**, Xinjiang*, Xizang* (Tibet), Yunnan, Zhejiang; note - China considers Taiwan its 23rd province; see separate entries for the special admini

, Kangwon-do (Kangwon Province), Namp'o-si* (Namp'o City), P'yongan-bukto (North P'yongan Province), P'yongan-namdo (South P'yongan

Ch'khorotsqus, Ch'okhatauris, Dedop'listsqaros, Dmanisis, Dushet'is, Gardabanis, Gori*, Goris, Gurjaanis, Javis, K'arelis, Kaspis, Kharagaul

Kerala, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan

kazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan









ta, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yama







en; formerly Ust'-Kamenogorsk), Soltustik Qazaqstan (Petropavl), Zhambyl (Taraz; formerly Dzhambul) note: administrative divisions ha



have the administrative center name following in parentheses)









named Gobi-Sumber; further, there may now be 21 provinces and 1 capital city instead of 18 provinces and 3 municipalities









agayan, Cagayan de Oro*, Calbayog*, Caloocan*, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Canlaon*, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cav



Taejon-gwangyoksi*, Ulsan-gwangyoksi*

a (Groznyy)*, Chelyabinskaya, Chitinskaya, Chukotskiy (Anadyr')**, Chuvashiya (Cheboksary)*, Dagestan (Makhachkala)*, Evenkiyskiy (Tura

mphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasim

ministrative center name following in parentheses)









urkhondaryo Wiloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri**, Toshkent Wiloyati note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administ

am, Ha Noi*, Ha Tay, Ha Tinh, Hoa Binh, Ho Chi Minh*, Hung Yen, Khanh Hoa, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lang Son, Lao

y Rayonu, Goycay Rayonu, Haciqabul Rayonu, Imisli Rayonu, Ismayilli Rayonu, Kalbacar Rayonu, Kurdamir Rayonu, Lacin Rayonu, Lankara









eparate entries for the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau

e), P'yongan-namdo (South P'yongan Province), P'yongyang-si* (P'yongyang City), Yanggang-do (Yanggang Province)

is, Javis, K'arelis, Kaspis, Kharagaulis, Khashuris, Khobis, Khonis, K'ut'aisi*, Lagodekhis, Lanch'khut'is, Lentekhis, Marneulis, Martvilis, Mes

sa, Pondicherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal









Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi







note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name fol









and 3 municipalities









n*, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cavite City*, Cebu, Cebu City*, Cotabato*, Dagupan*, Danao*, Dapitan*, Davao City* Davao, Davao del Sur





an (Makhachkala)*, Evenkiyskiy (Tura)**, Ingushetiya (Nazran')*, Irkutskaya, Ivanovskaya, Kabardino-Balkariya (Nal'chik)*, Kaliningradskaya,

Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthabu









ve the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Long An, Nam Dinh, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Ninh Thuan, Phu Tho, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam

amir Rayonu, Lacin Rayonu, Lankaran Rayonu, Lankaran Sahari*, Lerik Rayonu, Masalli Rayonu, Mingacevir Sahari*, Naftalan Sahari*, Naxc









gang Province)

Lentekhis, Marneulis, Martvilis, Mestiis, Mts'khet'is, Ninotsmindis, Onis, Ozurget'is, P'ot'i*, Qazbegis, Qvarlis, Rust'avi*, Sach'kheris, Sagare









ve the administrative center name following in parentheses); in 1995 the Governments of Kazakhstan and Russia entered into an agreement









*, Davao City* Davao, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Dipolog*, Dumaguete*, Eastern Samar, General Santos*, Gingoog*, Ifugao, Iligan*, Ilo





lkariya (Nal'chik)*, Kaliningradskaya, Kalmykiya (Elista)*, Kaluzhskaya, Kamchatskaya (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy), Karachayevo-Cherkes

Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanul









owing in parentheses)

o, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Soc Trang, Son La, Tay Ninh, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, Thanh H

cevir Sahari*, Naftalan Sahari*, Naxcivan Muxtar Respublikasi**, Neftcala Rayonu, Oguz Rayonu, Qabala Rayonu, Qax Rayonu, Qazax Ray









varlis, Rust'avi*, Sach'kheris, Sagarejos, Samtrediis, Senakis, Sighnaghis, T'bilisi*, T'elavis, T'erjolis, T'et'ritsqaros, T'ianet'is, Tqibuli*, Ts'age









nd Russia entered into an agreement whereby Russia would lease for a period of 20 years an area of 6,000 sq km enclosing the Baykonur sp









Santos*, Gingoog*, Ifugao, Iligan*, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Iloilo City*, Iriga*, Isabela, Kalinga-Apayao, La Carlota*, Laguna, Lanao del





Kamchatskiy), Karachayevo-Cherkesiya (Cherkessk)*, Kareliya (Petrozavodsk)*, Kemerovskaya, Khabarovskiy***, Khakasiya (Abakan)*, Kha

abun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi,









nh, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien-Hue, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang, Vinh Long, Vinh Phuc, Yen Bai

la Rayonu, Qax Rayonu, Qazax Rayonu, Qobustan Rayonu, Quba Rayonu, Qubadli Rayonu, Qusar Rayonu, Saatli Rayonu, Sabirabad Rayo









t'ritsqaros, T'ianet'is, Tqibuli*, Ts'ageris, Tsalenjikhis, Tsalkis, Tsqaltubo*, Vanis, Zestap'onis, Zugdidi*, Zugdidis note: administrative divis









000 sq km enclosing the Baykonur space launch facilities and the city of Bayqongyr (Baykonyr, formerly Leninsk)









yao, La Carlota*, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Laoag*, Lapu-Lapu*, La Union, Legaspi*, Leyte, Lipa*, Lucena*, Maguindanao, M





ovskiy***, Khakasiya (Abakan)*, Khanty-Mansiyskiy (Khanty-Mansiysk)**, Kirovskaya, Komi (Syktyvkar)*, Koryakskiy (Palana)**, Kostromska

uap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sa Kaeo, Sakon Nakhon, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Sara Bur









ng, Vinh Phuc, Yen Bai

yonu, Saatli Rayonu, Sabirabad Rayonu, Saki Rayonu, Saki Sahari*, Salyan Rayonu, Samaxi Rayonu, Samkir Rayonu, Samux Rayonu, Siya









Zugdidis note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center n









yte, Lipa*, Lucena*, Maguindanao, Mandaue*, Manila*, Marawi*, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occi





*, Koryakskiy (Palana)**, Kostromskaya, Krasnodarskiy***, Krasnoyarskiy***, Kurganskaya, Kurskaya, Leningradskaya, Lipetskaya, Magadan

akhon, Samut Songkhram, Sara Buri, Satun, Sing Buri, Sisaket, Songkhla, Sukhothai, Suphan Buri, Surat Thani, Surin, Tak, Trang, Trat, Ub

Samkir Rayonu, Samux Rayonu, Siyazan Rayonu, Sumqayit Sahari*, Susa Rayonu, Susa Sahari*, Tartar Rayonu, Tovuz Rayonu, Ucar Rayo









ons have the administrative center name following in parentheses)









ntal, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain, Naga*, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato, Northe





eningradskaya, Lipetskaya, Magadanskaya, Mariy-El (Yoshkar-Ola)*, Mordoviya (Saransk)*, Moskovskaya, Moskva (Moscow)****, Murmans

rat Thani, Surin, Tak, Trang, Trat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit, Yala, Yasothon

Rayonu, Tovuz Rayonu, Ucar Rayonu, Xacmaz Rayonu, Xankandi Sahari*, Xanlar Rayonu, Xizi Rayonu, Xocali Rayonu, Xocavand









gros Oriental, North Cotabato, Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya,





ya, Moskva (Moscow)****, Murmanskaya, Nenetskiy (Nar'yan-Mar)**, Nizhegorodskaya, Nov

u, Xocali Rayonu, Xocavand

LowestPoin

CountryID ElevationLow t

Au Darya









133 258

Debed River



134 400

135 -28 Caspian Sea

Persian Gulf



136 0

Indian Ocean









137 0

Drange Chhu









138 97

Gulf of Thailand









139 0

Turpan Pendi



140 -154

Sea of Japan

141 0

Black Sea



142 0

Indian Ocean



143 0

Caspian Sea



144 -28

Persian Gulf









145 0

Dead Sea



146 -408

Hachiro-gata









147 -4

Dead Sea



148 -408

Vpadina Kaundy





149 -132

Persian Gulf



150 0

Kara-Darya









151 132

Mekong River







152 70

Mediterranean Sea









153 0

Indian Ocean









154 0

Hoh Nuur





155 518

Andaan Sea









156 0

Kanchan Kalan









157 70

Arabian Sea









158 0

Indian Ocean





159 0

Philippine Sea







160 0

Persian Gulf



161 0

Sea of Japan



162 0

Caspian Sea









163 -28

Persian Gulf



164 0

Indian Ocean









165 0

unnamed location

near Lake Tiberias









166 200

Syrdariya









167 300

Gulf of Thailand









168 0

Vpadina Akchanaya

169 81

Persian Gulf

170 0

Sariqarnish Kuli







171 -12

South China Sea









172 0

Arabian Sea









173 0

ElevationHigh HighestPoint Climate

Nowshak arid to semiarid; cold

winters and hot

summers









7485

Aragats Lerr highland continental,

hot summers, cold

4095 winters

4485 Bazarduzu Dagi dry, semiarid steppe

Jabal ad Dukhan arid; mild, pleasant

winters; very hot,

122 humid summers

Keokradong tropical; mild winter

(October to March);

hot, humid summer

(March to June);

humid, warm rainy

monsoon (June to

1230 October)

Kula Kangri 7,553 varies; tropical in

southern plains; cool

winters and hot

summers in central

valleys; severe winters

and cool summers in

Himalayas

7553

Phnum Aoral tropical; rainy,

monsoon season

(May to November);

dry season

(December to April);

little seasonal

1810 temperature variation

Mount Everest extremely diverse;

tropical in south to

8850 subarctic in north

Paektu-san moderate winters,

2744 warm summers

Mt'a Mqinvartsveri (Gora warm and pleasant;

Kazbek) Mediterranean-like on

5048 Black Sea coast

Kanchenjunga varies from tropical

monsoon in south to

8598 temperate in north

Qolleh-ye Damavand mostly arid or

semiarid, subtropical

5671 along Caspian coast

Haji Ibrahim mostly desert; mild to

cool winters with dry,

hot, cloudless

summers; northern

mountainous regions

along Iranian and

Turkish borders

experience cold

winters with

occasionally heavy

snows that melt in

early spring,

sometimes causing

extensive flooding in

central and southern

3600 Iraq

Har Meron temperate; hot and dry

in southern and

1208 eastern desert areas

Fujiyama varies from tropical in

south to cool

temperate in north









3776

Jabal Ram mostly arid desert;

rainy season in west

1734 (November to April)

Khan Tangiri Shyngy (Pik continental, cold

Khan-Tengri) winters and hot

summers, arid and

6995 semiarid

unnamed location dry desert; intensely

hot summers; short,

306 cool winters

Jengish Chokusu (Pik dry continental to polar

Pobedy) in high Tien Shan;

subtropical in

southwest (Fergana

Valley); temperate in

7439 northern foothill zone

Phou Bia tropical monsoon;

rainy season (May to

November); dry

season (December to

2817 April)

Qurnat as Sawda' Mediterranean; mild to

cool, wet winters with

hot, dry summers;

Lebanon mountains

experience heavy

winter snows

3088

unnamed location on tropical; hot, humid;

Wilingili island in the Addu dry, northeast

Atoll monsoon (November

to March); rainy,

southwest monsoon

2.4 (June to August)

Nayramadlin Orgil desert; continental

(Huyten Orgil) (large daily and

seasonal temperature

4374 ranges)

Hkakabo Razi tropical monsoon;

cloudy, rainy, hot,

humid summers

(southwest monsoon,

June to September);

less cloudy, scant

rainfall, mild

temperatures, lower

humidity during winter

(northeast monsoon,

December to April)

5881

Mount Everest varies from cool

summers and severe

winters in north to

subtropical summers

and mild winters in

8850 south

Jabal Shams dry desert; hot, humid

along coast; hot, dry

interior; strong

southwest summer

monsoon (May to

September) in far

2980 south

K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) mostly hot, dry desert;

temperate in

northwest; arctic in

8611 north

Mount Apo tropical marine;

northeast monsoon

(November to April);

southwest monsoon

2954 (May to October)

Qurayn Abu al Bawl desert; hot, dry; humid

and sultry in summer

103

Halla-san temperate with rainfall

concentrated in

1950 summer

Gora El'brus ranges from steppes

in the south through

humid continental in

much of European

Russia; subarctic in

Siberia to tundra

climate in the polar

north; winters vary

from cool along Black

Sea coast to frigid in

Siberia; summers vary

from warm in the

steppes to cool along

Arctic coast

5633

Jabal Sawda' harsh, dry desert with

great extremes of

3133 temperature

Pidurutalagala tropical monsoon;

northeast monsoon

(December to March);

southwest monsoon

(June to October)

2524

Mount Hermon mostly desert; hot, dry,

sunny summers (June

to August) and mild,

rainy winters

(December to

February) along coast;

cold weather with

snow or sleet

periodically hitting

2814 Damascus

Pik Imeni Ismail Samani midlatitude

continental, hot

summers, mild

winters; semiarid to

polar in Pamir

7495 Mountains

Doi Inthanon tropical; rainy, warm,

cloudy southwest

monsoon (mid-May to

September); dry, cool

northeast monsoon

(November to mid-

March); southern

isthmus always hot

and humid

2576

Gora Ayribaba subtropical desert

3139

Jabal Yibir desert; cooler in

1527 eastern mountains

Adelunga Toghi mostly midlatitude

desert, long, hot

summers, mild

winters; semiarid

4301 grassland in east

Ngoc Linh tropical in south;

monsoonal in north

with hot, rainy season

(mid-May to mid-

September) and

warm, dry season

(mid-October to mid-

3143 March)

Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb mostly desert; hot and

humid along west

coast; temperate in

western mountains

affected by seasonal

monsoon;

extraordinarily hot,

dry, harsh desert in

east

3760

Mountains Volcanos Deserts

K2 - Godwin Austin (28250),

Kanchenjunga (28208),

Nanga Parbat (26660),

Nanda Devi (25645), Kamet

(25447), Kabru (24002),

Mana (23860), Badrinath

(23420), Pyramid (23400),

Pauhunri (23385), Trisul

(23360), Kangto (23260),

Trisuli (23210), Dunagiri

(23184) NA NA





Demavend (18376) NA NA

NA NA NA





NA NA Arabian









Fuji (12389) NA NA









NA NA NA









NA NA NA



Taklamakan,

NA Baitoushan (9003, 1702) Gobi



NA Baitoushan (9003, 1702) NA





NA NA NA

NA NA Thar





NA NA Kavir, Lut









NA NA Syrian





NA NA Syrian

Everest (29028),

Kanchenjunga (28208), Fuji (12388, 1708), On-Take (10049, 1980), Asama

Lhotse (27923), Makalu (8300, 1990), Niigata Yake-yama (8111, 1989),

(27824), Dhaulagiri (26810), Chokai (7300, 1974), Azuma (6700, 1977), Nasa

Annapurna (26504), Manaslu (6210, 1963), Bandai (5968, 1888), Kuju (5866,

(26760), Cho Oyu (26750), 1996), Adatara (5636, 1996), Kirishima (5577,

Annapurna (26504), 1992), Aso (5223, 1996), Akan (4917, 1998), Akita-

Gyachung Kang (25910), Yake-yama (4482, 1997), Unzen (4462, 1996),

Himalchuli (25801), Nuptse Sakura-jima (3665, 2000), Komaga-take (3740,

(25726), Changtzu (24780), 2000), Miyake-jima (2673, 2001), Suwanose-jima

Jongsang Peak (24472), Tent (2621, 1997), Oshima (2487, 1990), Usu (2398,

Peak (24165) 2000) NA





NA NA Syrian



Tirich Mir (25230), Haramosh

Peak (24270), Istoro Nal

(24240) NA Kyzyl-Kum





NA NA Arabian

NA NA NA









NA NA NA

Dykh-Tau (17070), El'brus

(18510), Kazbek (16512),

Klyuchevskaya Sopka

(15584), Communism Peak

(24599), Pobeda Peak

(24406), Kashtan Tau

(16877) NA Syrian









NA NA NA







NA NA Gobi









NA NA NA









Ismail Semani Peak (24590) NA NA

NA NA Arabian







NA NA Thar





Mayon (9991, 2001), Canlaon (8070, 1996),

Pinatubo (5249, 1995), Bulusan (5115, 1995), Taal

NA (984, 1977) NA





NA NA Arabian





NA NA NA









Kliuchevskoi (15863, 1999), Tolbachik (12080,

1976), Shiveluch (10771, 2001), Bezymianny (9455,

2000), Alaid (7674, 1996), Tiatia (6013, 1973),

Sarychev Peak (4960, 1989), Akademia Nauk

NA (4875, 1996), Karymsky (4875, 2000) Arctic



Arabian, Nafud,

NA NA Syrian









NA NA NA

NA NA Syrian









NA NA NA









NA NA NA

Kara-Kum, Kyzyl-

NA NA Kum



NA NA Arabian







Kara-Kum, Kyzyl-

NA NA Kum









NA NA NA

NA NA Arabian

Country

133

133

133

134

135

135

135

135

136

136

137

137

137

138

138

139

139





140





140





140





140

141

141

141



141

142

142

142

142

142

143

143

143

143

143

144

144

144

145

145

146

146

146

146

147

147

148

148

148

149

149

149

149

150

150

150

151

151

151

152

152

153

153

154

155

155

156

156

156

156

156

157

157

157

157

158

158

159

159

159

160

160

160

160

161



162

163

163

163

164

165

165

165

165

166

166

166

167

167

168

168

168

168

168

169

169

169

170

170

171

171

171



172

173

Religions Percentage

Sunni Muslim 84

Shi'a Muslim 15

other 1

Armenian Orthodox 94

Muslim 93.4

Russian Orthodox 2.5

Armenian Orthodox 2.3

other 1.8

Shi'a Muslim 70

Sunni Muslim 30

Muslim 83

Hindu 16

other 1

Lamaisitc Buddhist 75

Indian and Nepalese influenced Hinduism 25

Theravada Buddhist 95

other 5

Daoist (Taoist)



NA

Buddhist



NA

Muslim



2

Christian



1

Christian

49

Buddhist 47

Confucianist 3

Shamanist Chondogyo

1

Georgian Orthodox 65

Muslim 11

Russian Orthodox 10

Armenian Apostolic 8

unknown 6

Hindu 81.3

Muslim 12

Christian 2.3

Sikh 1.9

other groups including Buddist Jain Parsi 2.5

Shi'a Muslim 89

Sunni Muslim 10

Zoroastrian Jewish Christian and Baha'I 1

Muslim 97

Christian or other 3

Jewish 80.1

Muslim 14.6

Christian 2.1

other 3.2

observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84

other 16

Sunni Muslim 92

Christian 6

other 2

Muslim 47

Russian Orthodox 44

Protestant 2

other 7

Sunni Muslim 45

Shi'a Muslim 40

Christian Hindu Parsi and other 15

Muslim 75

Russian Orthodox 20

other 5

Buddhist 60

animist and other 40

Muslim 70

Christian 30

Sunni Muslim 100

Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism 96

Muslim, Shamanism and Christian 4

Buddhist 89

Christian 4

Muslim 4

animist 1

other 2

Hinduism 86.2

Buddhism 7.8

Islam 3.8

other 2.2

Ibadhi Muslim 75

Sunni Muslim Shi'a Muslim Hindu 25

Sunni Muslim 77

Shi'a Muslim 20

Christian Hindu and other 3

Roman Catholic 83% Protestant 9% Muslim 5% Buddhist and other 3% 83

Protestant 9

Muslim 5

Buddhist and other 3

Muslim 95% NA

traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist some Christian and syncretic Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly

Way) NA

Russian Orthodox NA

Muslim NA

other NA

Muslim 100

Buddhist 70

Hindu 15

Christian 8

Muslim 7

Sunni Muslim 74

Muslim sects 16

Christian 10

Sunni Muslim 80

Shi'a Muslim 5

Buddhism 95

Muslim 3.8

Christianity 0.5

Hinduism 0.1

other 0.6

Muslim

89

Eastern Orthodox

9

unknown

2

Muslim 96

Chrsitian Hindu and other 4

Muslim 88

Eastern Orthodox 9

other 3

Buddhist, Hoa, Hao, Cao, Dai, Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic, some Protestant), indigenous

beliefs, Muslim NA

Muslim including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shi'a), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu NA

Country Languages

133 Pashtu

133 Afghan Persian (Dari)

133 Turkic languages

133 30 minor languages

134 Armenian

134 Russian

134 other

Azerbaijani



135







135 Russian







135 Armenian







135 other

136 Arabic

136 English

136 Farsi

136 Urdu

137 Bangla

137 English

138 Dzongkha

138 Tibetan dialects

138 Nepalese dialects

139 Khmer

139 French

139 English

140 Standard Chinese

140 Marin

140 Yue (Cantonese)

140 Wu (Shanghaiese)

140 Minbei (Fuzhou)

140 Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese)

140 Xiang

140 Gan

140 Hakka dialects

140 minority languages

141 Korean

141 English

142 Georgian

142 Russian

142 Armenian

142 Azeri

142 other

English





143









143 Hindi









143 Bengali









143 Telugu









143 Marathi









143 Tamil









143 Urdu









143 Gujarati









143 Malayalam









143 Kannada









143 Oriya









143 Punjabi

143 Assamese









143 Kashmiri









143 Sindhi









143 Sanskrit









143 Hindustani

144 Persian

144 Turkic

144 Kurdish

144 Luri

144 Balochi

144 Arabic

144 Turkish

144 other

145 Arabic

145 Kurdish

145 Assyrian

145 Armenian

146 Hebrew

146 Arabic

146 English

147 Japanese

148 Arabic

148 English

149 Kazakh

149 Russian

150 Arabic

150 English

151 Kirghiz (Kyrgyz)

151 Russian

152 Lao

152 French

152 English

152 various ethnic languages

153 Arabic

153 French

153 English

153 Armenian

154 Maldivian Dhivehi

154 English

155 Khalkha Mongol

155 Turkic

155 Russian

156 Burmese

156 minority ethnic groups have their own languages

157 Nepali

157 about a dozen other languages

158 Arabic

158 English

158 Baluchi

158 Urdu

158 Indian dialects

159 Punjabi

159 Sindhi

159 Siraiki

159 Pashtu

159 Urdu

159 Balochi

159 Hindko

159 Brahui

159 English

159 Burushaski

159 other

160 Filipino

160 English

160 Cebuano

160 Ilocan

160 Hiligaynon or Ilonggo

160 Bicol

160 Waray

160 Pampango

160 Pangasinense

161 Arabic

161 English

162 Korean

163 Russian

163 other

164 Arabic

165 Sinhala

165 Tamil

165 other

166 Arabic

166 Kurdish

166 Armenian

166 Aramaic

166 Circassian

166 French

166 English

167 Tajik

167 Russian

168 Thai

168 English

168 ethnic regional dialects

169 Turkmen

169 Russian

169 Uzbek

169 other

170 Arabic

170 Persian

170 English

170 Hindi

170 Urdu

171 Uzbek

171 Russian

171 Tajik

171 other

172 Vietnamese

172 English

172 French

172 Chinese

172 Khmer

172 Mon-Khmer

172 Malayo-Polynesian

173 Arabic

Country Industries

133 small-scale production of textiles

133 soap

133 furniture

133 shoes

133 fertilizer

133 cement

133 handwoven carpets

133 natural gas

133 oil

133 coal

133 copper

134 metal-cutting machine tools

134 forging-pressing machines

134 electric motors

134 tires

134 knitted wear

134 hosiery

134 shoes

134 silk fabric

134 chemicals

134 trucks

134 instruments

134 microelectronics

134 gem cutting

134 jewelry manufacturing

134 software development

134 brandy

135 petroleum

135 petroleum products

135 oilfield equipment

135 steel

135 iron ore

135 cement

135 chemicals and petrochemicals

135 textiles

135 natural gas

136 petroleum processing and refining

136 aluminum smelting

136 offshore banking

136 ship repairing

136 tourism

137 cotton textiles

137 jute

137 garments

137 tea processing

137 paper newsprint

137 cement

137 chemical fertilizer

137 light engineering

137 sugar

138 cement

138 wood products

138 processed fruits

138 alcoholic beverages

138 calcium carbide

139 garments

139 tourism

139 rice milling

139 fishing

139 wood and wood products

139 rubber

139 cement

139 gem mining

139 textiles

140 iron and steel

140 coal

140 machine building

140 armaments

140 textiles and apparel

140 petroleum

140 cement

140 chemical fertilizers

140 footwear

140 toys

140 food processing

140 automobiles

140 consumer electronics

140 telecommunications

141 electronics

141 automobile production

141 chemicals

141 shipbuilding

141 steel

141 textiles

141 clothing

141 footwear

141 food processing

142 steel

142 aircraft

142 machine tools

142 electric locomotives

142 trucks

142 tractors

142 textiles

142 shoes

142 chemicals

142 wood products

142 wine

143 textiles

143 chemicals

143 food processing

143 steel

143 transportation equipment

143 cement

143 mining

143 petroleum

143 machinery

143 software

144 petroleum

144 petrochemicals

144 textiles

144 cement and other construction materials

144 food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production)

144 metal fabricating

144 armaments

145 petroleum

145 chemicals

145 textiles

145 construction materials

145 food processing

high-technology projects (including

146 aviation

146 communications

146 computer-aided design and manufactures

146 medical electronics)

146 wood and paper products

146 potash and phosphates

146 food

146 beverages

146 tobacco

146 caustic soda

146 cement

146 diamond cutting

among world's largest and technologically

advanced producers of motor vehicles

147

147 electronic equipment

147 machine tools

147 steel and nonferrous metals

147 ships

147 chemicals

147 textiles

147 processed foods

148 phosphate mining

148 petroleum refining

148 cement

148 potash

148 light manufacturing

148 tourism

149 oil

149 coal

149 iron ore

149 manganese

149 sulfur

149 chromite

149 iron and steel

149 lead

149 nonferrous metal

149 zinc

149 tractors and other agricultural machinery

149 copper

149 electric motors

149 bauxite

149 gold

149 silver

149 phosphates

149 titanium

149 construction materials

150 petroleum

150 petrochemicals

150 desalination

150 food processing

150 construction materials

151 small machinery

151 refrigerators

151 textiles

151 furniture

151 food processing

151 electric motors

151 cement

151 gold

151 shoes

151 rare earth metals

151 sawn logs

152 tin and gypsum mining

152 timber

152 electric power

152 agricultural processing

152 construction

152 garments

152 tourism

153 banking

153 mineral and chemical products

153 food processing

153 wood and furniture products

153 textiles

153 jewelry

153 oil refining

153 cement

153 metal fabricating

154 fish processing

154 tourism

154 woven mats

154 shipping

154 rope

154 boat building

154 handicrafts

154 coconut processing

154 coral and sand mining

154 garments

155 construction materials

155 mining (particularly coal and copper)

155 food and beverages

155 processing of animal products

156 agricultural processing

156 tungsten

156 textiles and footwear

156 iron

156 wood and wood products

156 construction materials

156 copper

156 pharmaceuticals

156 tin

156 fertilizer

157 tourism

157 sugar

157 carpet

157 oilseed mills

157 textile

157 cigarette

157 small rice

157 cement and brick production

157 jute

158 crude oil production and refining

158 natural gas production

158 construction

158 cement

158 copper

159 textiles

159 food processing

159 beverages

159 construction materials

159 clothing

159 paper products

159 shrimp

160 textiles

160 pharmaceuticals

160 chemicals

160 wood products

160 food processing

160 electronics assembly

160 petroleum refining

160 fishing

161 crude oil production and refining

161 fertilizers

161 petrochemicals

161 steel reinforcing bars

161 cement

162 military products

162 magnesite

162 machine building

162 graphite

162 electric power

162 copper

162 chemicals

162 zinc

162 mining

162 metallurgy

162 textiles

162 food processing

162 tourism

complete range of mining and extractive

163 industries producing coal

163 communications equipment

163 oil

163 agricultural machinery

163 gas

163 tractors

163 and metals

163 electric power generating and transmitting equipment

163 all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles

163 medical and scientific instruments

163 shipbuilding

163 consumer durables

163 road and rail transportation equipment

163 textiles

163 foodstuffs

163 handicrafts

163 chemicals

163 construction equipment

164 crude oil production

164 petroleum refining

164 basic petrochemicals

164 cement

164 construction

164 fertilizer

164 plastics

165 processing of rubber

165 clothing

165 tea

165 cement

165 coconuts

165 petroleum refining

165 agricultural commodities

165 textiles

165 tobacco

166 petroleum

166 textiles

166 food processing

166 beverages

166 tobacco

166 phosphate rock mining

167 aluminum

167 zinc

167 lead

167 chemicals and fertilizers

167 cement

167 vegetable oil

167 metal-cutting machine tools

167 refrigerators and freezers

168 tourism

168 integrated circuits

168 textiles and garments

168 furniture

168 agricultural processing

168 plastics

168 tobacco

168 cement

168 tin

168 light manufacturing (jewelry)

168 beverages

168 tungsten

168 electric appliances and components

168 computers and parts

169 natural gas

169 oil

169 petroleum products

169 textiles

169 food processing

170 petroleum

170 fishing

170 petrochemicals

170 construction materials

170 boat building

170 handicrafts

170 pearling

171 textiles

171 food processing

171 machine building

171 metallurgy

171 natural gas

171 chemicals

172 food processing

172 garments

172 glass

172 shoes

172 tires

172 machine building

172 oil

172 mining

172 coal

172 cement

172 steel

172 chemical fertilizer

172 paper

crude oil production and petroleum refining

173

173 small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods

173 food processing

173 handicrafts

173 small aluminum products factory

173 cement

ce aircraft and space vehicles

Country SurroundingCountries Length

133 China 76

133 Iran 936

133 Pakistan 2430

133 Tajikistan 1206

133 Turkmenistan 744

133 Uzbekistan 137

134 Azerbaijan-proper 566

134 Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221

134 Georgia 164

134 Iran 35

134 Turkey 268

135 Azerbaijan-proper 566

135 Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan enclave) 221

135 Georgia 322

135 Iran (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432

135 Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan enclave) 179

135 Russia 284

135 Turkey 9

136 NA

137 Burma 193

137 India 4053

138 China 470

138 India 605

139 Laos 541

139 Thailand 803

139 Vietnam 1228

140 Afghanistan 76

140 Laos 423

140 Bhutan 470

140 Macau 0.34

140 Burma 2185

140 Mongolia 4676.9

140 Hong Kong 30

140 Nepal 1236

140 India 3380

140 Pakistan 523

140 Kazakhstan 1533

140 Russia 3605

140 North Korea 1416

140 Russia 40

140 Kyrgyzstan 858

140 Tajikistan 414

140 Vietnam 1281

141 North Korea 238

142 Armenia 164

142 Azerbaijan 322

142 Russia 723

142 Turkey 252

143 Bangladesh 4053

143 Bhutan 605

143 Burma 1463

143 China 3380

143 Nepal 1690

143 Pakistan 2912

144 Afghanistan 936

144 Iraq 1458

144 Armenia 35

144 Pakistan 909

144 Azerbaijan-proper 432

144 Turkey 499

144 Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179

144 Turkmenistan 992

145 Iran 1458

145 Kuwait 242

145 Syria 605

145 Jordan 181

145 Saudi Arabia 814

145 Turkey 331

146 Egypt 255

146 Jordan 238

146 Gaza Strip 51

146 Lebanon 79

146 Syria 76

146 West Bank 307

147 NA 0

148 Iraq 181

148 Israel 238

148 Saudi Arabia 728

148 Syria 375

148 West Bank 97

149 China 1533

149 Kyrgyzstan 1051

149 Russia 6846

149 Turkmenistan 379

149 Uzbekistan 2203

150 Iraq 242

150 Saudi Arabia 222

151 China 858

151 Kazakhstan 1051

151 Tajikistan 870

151 Uzbekistan 1099

152 Burma 235

152 Cambodia 541

152 China 423

152 Thailand 1754

152 Vietnam 2130

153 Israel 79

153 Syria 375

154 NA 0

155 China 4676.9

155 Russia 3485

156 Bangladesh 193

156 India 1463

156 China 2185

156 Laos 235

156 Thailand 1800

157 China 1236

157 India 1690

158 Saudi Arabia 676

158 UAE 410

158 Yemen 288

159 Afghanistan 2430

159 China 523

159 India 2912

159 Iran 909

160 NA 0

161 Saudi Arabia 60

162 China 1416

162 South Korea 238

162 Russia 19

163 Azerbaijan 284

163 Latvia 217

163 Georgia 723

163 China 40

163 Norway 167

163 Belarus 959

163 Lithuania 227

163 Kazakhstan 6846

163 Estonia 294

163 Poland 206

163 China 3605

163 Mongolia 3485

163 North Korea 19

163 Finland 1313

163 Ukraine 1576

164 Iraq 814

164 Qatar 60

164 Jordan 728

164 UAE 457

164 Kuwait 222

164 Yemen 1458

164 Oman 676

165 NA 0

166 Iraq 605

166 Israel 76

166 Jordan 375

166 Lebanon 375

166 Turkey 822

167 Afghanistan 1206

167 China 414

167 Kyrgyzstan 870

167 Uzbekistan 1161

168 Burma 1800

168 Cambodia 803

168 Laos 1754

168 Malaysia 506

169 Afghanistan 744

169 Iran 992

169 Kazakhstan 379

169 Uzbekistan 1621

170 Oman 410

170 Saudi Arabia 457

171 Afghanistan 137

171 Kazakhstan 2203

171 Kyrgyzstan 1099

171 Tajikistan 1161

171 Turkmenistan 1621

172 Cambodia 1228

172 China 1281

172 Laos 2130

173 Oman 288

173 Saudi Arabia 1458

km

Country NaturalResources

133 natural gas

133 barites

133 petroleum

133 sulfur

133 coal

133 lead

133 copper

133 zinc

133 chromite

133 iron ore

133 talc

133 salt

133 precious and semiprecious stones

134 small deposits of gold

134 copper

134 molybdenum

134 zinc

134 alumina

135 petroleum

135 natural gas

135 iron ore

135 nonferrous metals

135 alumina

136 oil

136 associated and nonassociated natural gas

136 fish

136 pearls

137 natural gas

137 arable land

137 timber

137 coal

138 timber

138 hydropower

138 gypsum

138 calcium carbide

139 timber

139 gemstones

139 iron ore

139 manganese

139 phosphates

139 hydropower potential

140 coal

140 molybdenum

140 iron ore

140 vanadium

140 natural gas

140 aluminum

140 tin

140 zinc

140 petroleum

140 magnetite

140 mercury

140 lead

140 tungsten

140 uranium

140 antimony

140 hydropower potential (world's largest)

140 manganese

141 coal

141 iron ore

141 lead

141 copper

141 tungsten

141 gold

141 zinc

141 pyrites

141 hydropower

141 graphite

141 salt

141 magnesite

141 fluorspar

142 forests

142 hydropower

142 manganese deposits

142 iron ore

142 copper

142 minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth

coal (fourth-largest reserves in

143 the world)

143 iron ore

143 chromite

143 manganese

143 natural gas

143 mica

143 diamonds

143 bauxite

143 petroleum

143 arable land

143 titanium ore

143 limestone

144 petroleum

144 iron ore

144 natural gas

144 lead

144 coal

144 manganese

144 chromium

144 zinc

144 copper

144 sulfur

145 petroleum

145 natural gas

145 phosphates

145 sulfur

146 timber

146 phosphate rock

146 potash

146 magnesium bromide

146 copper ore

146 clays

146 natural gas

146 sand

146 oil

147 negligible mineral resources

147 fish

148 phosphates

148 potash

148 shale oil

149 major deposits of petroleum

149 cobalt

149 natural gas

149 copper

149 coal

149 molybdenum

149 iron ore

149 lead

149 manganese

149 zinc

149 chrome ore

149 bauxite

149 nickel

149 gold

149 uranium

150 petroleum

150 fish

150 shrimp

150 natural gas

abundant hydropower; significant

deposits of gold and rare earth

metals; locally exploitable coal

151

151 bismuth

151 oil

151 lead

151 natural gas

151 and zinc

151 nepheline

151 mercury

152 timber

152 hydropower

152 gypsum

152 tin

152 gold

152 gemstones

153 limestone

153 iron ore

153 salt

153 water-surplus state in a water-deficit region

153 arable land

154 fish

155 oil

155 nickel

155 coal

155 zinc

155 copper

155 wolfram

155 molybdenum

155 fluorspar

155 tungsten

155 gold

155 phosphates

155 silver

155 tin

155 iron

155 phosphate

156 petroleum

156 lead

156 timber

156 coal

156 tin

156 some marble

156 antimony

156 limestone

156 zinc

156 precious stones

156 copper

156 natural gas

156 tungsten

156 hydropower

157 quartz

157 scenic beauty

157 water

157 small deposits of lignite

157 timber

157 copper

157 hydropower

157 cobalt

157 iron ore

158 petroleum

158 limestone

158 copper

158 chromium

158 asbestos

158 gypsum

158 some marble

158 natural gas

159 land

159 iron ore

159 extensive natural gas reserves

159 copper

159 limited petroleum

159 salt

159 poor quality coal

159 limestone

160 timber

160 silver

160 petroleum

160 gold

160 nickel

160 salt

160 cobalt

160 copper

161 petroleum

161 natural gas

161 fish

162 coal

162 molybdenum

162 tungsten

162 lead

162 graphite

162 hydropower potential

163 wide natural resource base

163 natural gas

163 coal

163 many strategic minerals

163 timber

164 petroleum

164 natural gas

164 iron ore

164 gold

164 copper

165 limestone

165 graphite

165 mineral sands

165 gems

165 phosphates

165 clay

165 hydropower

166 petroleum

166 iron ore

166 phosphates

166 rock salt

166 chrome and manganese ores

166 marble

166 asphalt

166 gypsum

166 hydropower

167 hydropower

167 lead

167 some petroleum

167 zinc

167 uranium

167 antimony

167 mercury

167 tungsten

167 brown coal

167 silver

167 gold

168 tin

168 lead

168 rubber

168 fish

168 natural gas

168 gypsum

168 tungsten

168 lignite

168 tantalum

168 fluorite

168 timber

168 arable land

169 petroleum

169 natural gas

169 coal

169 sulfur

169 salt

170 petroleum

170 natural gas

171 natural gas

171 silver

171 petroleum

171 copper

171 coal

171 lead and zinc

171 gold

171 tungsten

171 uranium

171 molybdenum

172 phosphates

172 chromate

172 coal

172 offshore oil and gas deposits

172 manganese

172 forests

172 bauxite

172 hydropower

173 petroleum

173 gold

173 fish

173 lead

173 rock salt

173 nickel

173 marble

173 copper

173 coal

173 fertile soil in west

rtant tea and citrus growth

Country WaterBodies

133 none

134 Sevana Lake

135 Caspian Sea

136 Gulf of Bahrain

137 Ganges River

137 Jamuna River

137 Bay of Bengal

138 None

139 Mekong River

139 Tonle Sap (Lake)

139 Gulf of Thailand

140 Huang He River

140 Chang Jiang River

140 Mekong River

140 Brahmaputra River

140 Yellow Sea

140 East China Sea

140 South China Sea

141 Yellow Sea

141 Sea of Japan

141 Korea Strait

142 Black Sea

142 Mtkvari River

143 Arabian Sea

143 Laccadive Sea

143 Bay of Bengal

144 Caspian Sea

144 Lake Urmia

144 Persian Gulf

144 Gulf of Oman

145 Tigris River

145 Euphrates River

145 Persian Gulf

146 Mediterranean Sea

146 Lake Tiberias

146 Dead Sea

147 Sea of Japan

147 Korea Strait

147 Pacific Ocean

147 Phillippine Sea

147 East China Sea

148 Dead Sea

149 Lake Balkhash

149 Aral Sea

149 Caspian Sea

150 Persian Gulf

151 Ysyk-Koi (Lake)

152 Mekong River

153 Mediterranean Sea

154 Arabian Sea

154 Laccadive Sea

155 None

156 Bay of Bengal

156 Andaman Sea

157 None

158 Gulf of Oman

158 Arabian Sea

159 Indus River

159 Arabian Sea

160 South China Sea

160 Phillipine Sea

160 Luzon Strait

160 Sulu Sea

160 Celebes Sea

161 Persian Gulf

161 Gulf of Bahrain

161 Persian Gulf

162 Sea of Japan

162 Korea Bay

162 Yellow Sea

163 Barents Sea

163 Lake Baikal

163 Artic Ocean

163 Volga River

163 Bering Sea

163 Caspian Sea

163 Sea of Okhotsk

163 Black Sea

163 Pacific Ocean

163 Baltic Sea

164 Red Sea

164 Persian Gulf

165 Palk Bay

165 Gulf of Mannar

165 Bay of Bengal

166 Mediterranean Sea

166 Euphrates River

167 None

168 Mekong River

168 Gulf of Thailand

168 Andaman Sea

169 Caspian Sea

170 Persian Gulf

170 Gulf of Oman

171 Aral Sea

172 Gulf of Tonkin

173 Red Sea

173 Gulf of Aden

173 Arabian Sea

Agricultural

Country Products

133 opium poppies

133 nuts

133 wheat

133 wool

133 fruits

133 mutton

133 karakul pelts

fruit (especially

134 grapes)

134 vegetables

134 livestock

135 cotton

135 tea

135 grain

135 tobacco

135 rice

135 cattle

135 grapes

135 pigs

135 fruit

135 sheep

135 vegetables

135 goats

136 fruit

136 dairy products

136 vegetables

136 shrimp

136 poultry

136 fish

137 rice

137 pulses

137 jute

137 oilseeds

137 tea

137 spices

137 wheat

137 fruit

137 sugarcane

137 beef

137 potatoes

137 milk

137 tobacco

137 poultry

138 rice

138 citrus

138 corn

138 foodgrains

138 root crops

138 dairy products

138 eggs

139 rice

139 rubber

139 corn

139 vegetables

140 rice

140 millet

140 wheat

140 barley

140 potatoes

140 cotton

140 sorghum

140 oilseed

140 peanuts

140 pork

140 tea

140 fish

141 rice

141 cattle

141 root crops

141 pigs

141 barley

141 chickens

141 vegetables

141 milk

141 fruit

141 eggs

141 fish

142 citrus

142 vegetables

142 grapes

142 potatoes

142 tea

142 livestock

143 rice

143 potatoes

143 wheat

143 cattle

143 oilseed

143 water buffalo

143 cotton

143 sheep

143 jute

143 goats

143 tea

143 poultry

143 sugarcane

143 fish

144 wheat

144 fruits

144 rice

144 nuts

144 other grains

144 cotton

144 sugar beets

144 dairy products

144 wool

144 caviar

145 wheat

145 dates

145 barley

145 cotton

145 rice

145 cattle

145 vegetables

145 sheep

146 citrus

146 beef

146 vegetables

146 poultry

146 cotton

146 dairy products

147 rice

147 pork

147 sugar beets

147 poultry

147 vegetables

147 dairy products

147 fruit

147 eggs

147 fish

148 wheat

148 melons

148 barley

148 olives

148 citrus

148 sheep

148 tomatoes

148 goats

148 poultry

grain (mostly spring

149 wheat)

149 cotton

149 wool

149 livestock

150 practically no crops

150 fish

151 tobacco

151 fruits and berries

151 cotton

151 sheep

151 potatoes

151 goats

151 vegetables

151 cattle

151 grapes

151 wool

152 sweet potatoes

152 cotton

152 cattle

152 poultry

152 vegetables

152 tea

152 corn

152 peanuts

152 coffee

152 rice

152 tobacco

152 pigs

152 sugarcane

152 water buffalo

153 citrus

153 vegetables

153 grapes

153 potatoes

153 tomatoes

153 olives

153 apples

153 tobacco

153 sheep

153 goats

154 coconuts

154 corn

154 sweet potatoes

154 fish

155 wheat

155 sheep

155 barley

155 goats

155 potatoes

155 cattle

155 forage crops

155 camels

155 horses

156 paddy rice

156 sugarcane

156 corn

156 pulses

156 oilseed

156 hardwood

157 rice

157 root crops

157 corn

157 milk

157 wheat

157 water buffalo meat

157 sugarcane

158 dates

158 vegetables

158 limes

158 camels

158 alfalfa

158 fish

158 bananas

158 cattle

159 cotton

159 vegetables

159 wheat

159 milk

159 rice

159 beef

159 sugarcane

159 mutton

159 fruits

159 eggs

160 rice

160 pineapples

160 coconuts

160 mangoes

160 corn

160 pork

160 sugarcane

160 eggs

160 bananas

160 beef

160 fish

161 fruits

161 dairy products

161 vegetables

161 beef

161 poultry

161 fish

162 rice

162 pulses

162 corn

162 cattle

162 potatoes

162 pigs

162 soybeans

162 pork

162 eggs

163 grain

163 vegetables

163 sugar beets

163 fruits

163 sunflower seed

163 beef

163 milk

164 wheat

164 citrus

164 barley

164 mutton

164 tomatoes

164 chickens

164 melons

164 eggs

164 dates

164 milk

165 rice

165 tea

165 sugarcane

165 rubber

165 grains

165 coconuts

165 pulses

165 milk

165 oilseed

165 eggs

165 spices

165 hides

165 beef

166 wheat

166 sugar beets

166 barley

166 beef

166 cotton

166 mutton

166 lentils

166 eggs

166 chickpeas

166 poultry

166 olives

166 milk

167 cotton

167 vegetables

167 grain

167 cattle

167 fruits

167 sheep

167 grapes

167 goats

168 rice

168 corn

168 cassava (tapioca)

168 sugarcane

168 rubber

168 coconuts

168 soybeans

169 cotton

169 grain

169 livestock

170 dates

170 poultry

170 vegetables

170 eggs

170 watermelons

170 dairy products

170 fish

171 cotton

171 fruits

171 vegetables

171 grain

171 livestock

172 paddy rice

172 tea

172 corn

172 bananas

172 potatoes

172 sugar

172 rubber

172 poultry

172 soybeans

172 pigs

172 coffee

172 fish

173 grain

173 cotton

173 fruits

173 dairy products

173 vegetables

173 livestock (sheep, camels)

173 pulses

173 goats

173 qat (mildly narcotic shrub)

173 cattle

173 coffee

173 fish

173 poultry