CSE 101 – Fall 2007
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS AND
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
The Internet
Cape Breton, Nova Scotia
Installing SSH for own PC
• Lots of software for you to download from school
license
– http://clientsupport.stonybrook.edu/software.shtml
– Click on “To to Softweb”
• http://softweb.cc.sunysb.edu/
• Enter login info:
– Username: SOLAR ID
– Password: Your Birthdate (YYMMDD)
• Once in, click on “SSH”
• Click on “SSH Win 3.2.9 Client”
• Run Executable
The Internet
• The Internet is a network of networks
• It began in 1969 as ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects
Agency)
• No central authority and thus impossible to state the precise size
• When you go online you have access to billions of pages of
information and resources, such as:
– Research on just about any topic
– Current weather anywhere in the world
– Travel arrangements
– Health information
– Shopping for anything and everything
– Services
– And lots more…
Connecting to the Internet
• Channels carry digital signals
between computers and over
the Internet
• Bandwidth is the number of
bits a line can transmit per
second
• Broadband
– High bandwidth
• Narrowband
– Low bandwidth
Narrowband
• Dialup Service
– Available to anyone with
POTS
• Plain old telephone service
• Data transmissions are up to
56K bps
Broadband
• 15 to 30 times faster than
narrowband
• Broadband is always on
• Broadband options
– Cable
– DSL
– Satellite
– Wireless
The Link to the Internet
• Commercial Information
Service
– AOL is an example
– Monthly service charge
– Communications software
needed
– User ID and password
The Link to the Internet
• Internet Service Provider
– Provides access to the
Internet
– Low-speed dialup or high-
speed connection
– ISPs:
• Commercial Enterprises
• Colleges
• Churches
TCP/IP and Packets
• TCP/IP is the communications
protocol that permits data
transmission over the Internet
• Data is sent in packets
• Each POP has an IP address for
packet delivery
Going Online Without a PC
• Go online with your TV
• Go online with your game
device
• Go online with an Internet
appliance
• Going online with your cell
phone
Retrieving and Viewing Information on the
Internet
• To go online you need a
client
• Internet Explorer or
Netscape is a client
• You can give the browser
a URL to find a site or
search for a site
The Internet Address: URL
http://www.annex.com/southwest/museum.htm
Document
Path (Directory or Folder)
Internet Address (Web site)
Means of access,
HyperText Transfer Protocol
HTML: Putting the Page Together
• HTML is a scripting language
•
– Must be at beginning and end of the
Web page
• Head:
– Includes: basic document info
• Other HTML:
–
–
–
–
Internet Browsers
Tool
Bar
Menu
Bar Address
Bar
Status Hyperlink
Bar
Concepts and Features
• Hyperlinks
– Provide text, graphics, sound, or video links
– Blue underlined fonts are unexplored
– Magenta links have been previously accessed
www.microsoft.com
www.microsoft.com
Internet Servers and Addresses
• HTTP: Hypertext Transfer
Protocol
• FTP: File Transfer
Protocol
• News: Newsgroups
• Gopher: Gopher menu
tree
Browsers Plugins
• RealPlayer
• Shockwave Player – Listen to streaming audio
– Displays Web content – View streaming video
• Flash Player • QuickTime
– View Flash content – View QuickTime videos
• RealJukebox – Listen to music
– Play and record MP3 music • iPIX
• LiquidPlayer – View an image from every
direction
– Play and record MP3 music
– Read lyrics
• Acrobat Reader
– Displays PDF documents
– Organize your music
Internet Resources and Applications
• Portals
• Libraries
• Online Magazines and
Journals
• Arts
• Travel
• Government
• News
• And more…
Finding Resources
• Use the Search button on the • Search Engines
Internet Explorer Toolbar – www.yahoo.com
• Try multiple search engines on – www.infoseek.com
one query
– www.google.com
• Be aware of logical operators -
– www.altavista.com
AND, OR, and NOT
– www.hotbot.com
• Search on a concept: e.g.,
“first ladies” rather than – Lots more…
“Eleanor Roosevelt”
• Set Bookmarks/Favorites
Internet Applications
• WWW
– Internet system
• User friendly
• Multimedia
• Interactive
– FTP
• Download files
• Upload files
– Webcasting
• Audio signals
Communication with People over the Net: E-Mail
Menu Bar
Toolbar
Shortcuts
Inbox
Message
Attachment
Communication with People over the Net: Audio
Mail
Menu Bar
Video
Text Chat
Sound
Control
Microphone
Control
Type Here
Communication with People over the Net
• USENET Newsgroups
– Bulletin boards
– Threads
• Mailing lists or listservs
– Subscription service
– Push technology
Communication with People over the Net:
Internet Relay Chat: IRC
Typed
messages
People online
Format
choices
Type
message
Instant Messaging & Internet Telephone
Private
Messages
Video
Audio
Communication with People over the Net:
Cybertalk and Netiquette
• Avoid ALL CAPS • Avoid correcting e-mail
• Never send spam errors, such as spelling
• Be sensitive • Honor privacy
• Never send personal
• Think twice about
information via e-mail
sending large files
• Be patient
• Never forward a virus
• Use antivirus software
Cruising the Net
.com Commercial
.edu Education
.firm Businesses
.gov Government
.int International
.mil Military
.net Network Resources
.org Nonprofit Organizations
Summary
• The Internet
• Internet Browsers
• Internet Resources and
Applications