Issues setup_IL_program

							HOW TO SET UP AN INDEPENDENT LIVING PROGRAM
Twenty-seven Questions and Answers

by Bruce Curtis
CENTER FOR INDEPENDENT LIVING

edited by Laurel Richards

copyright by
Center for Independent Living


The Issues in Independent Living series is sponsored by ILRU, an NIHR
grant-sponsored project. Its goal is to improve the spread and utilization
of results of research programs and demonstration projects in the field of
independent living. Affiliated with TIRR (The Institute for Rehabilitation
and Research) and Research and Training Center No. 4, ILRU is
supported by grant number NIHR-RD-22-P-59106/6-01.

printed May   1980


FOREWORD

This paper has been written in response to nationwide requests for
information about starting independent living programs. Need for
technical assistance in program planning has existed from the time the
first independent living programs were established. Need is even greater
today as a result of government (Part B) grants awarded to states for the
purpose of establishing community-based independent living programs.

As the title indicates, this paper approaches on a very practical,
"nuts-and-bolts" level those issues that are involved when people get
together to set up an independent living program. It is designed especially
for persons who have the responsibility of planning and implementing
programs. The paper is not intended to serve as a set formula out of which
perfect independent living programs can emerge. Rather, we hope that by
dealing with rudimentary issues involved in establishing independent
living programs, the paper will aid planners to develop stable, flexible,
effective independent living programs that are appropriate to each
individual community and that have a good chance of fulfilling their
charge to assist severely disabled persons to achieve lives of greater
independence.


                     Houston, Texas           Laurel Richards, series editor
                     May, 1980           Lex Frieden, project director


                     HOW TO SET UP AN INDEPENDENT LIVING PROGRAM
                     Twenty-seven Questions and Answers

                      CONTENTS


     1    A FEW OTHER PEOPLE AND I WANT TO DEVELOP AN
     INDEPENDENT LIVING PROGRAM. HOW DO WE START?
2    HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE NECESSARY TO START A
PROGRAM?

3    WHO SHOULD BE REPRESENTED IN THE CORE GROUP?

4    HOW SHOULD WE DEAL WITH ONE OR TWO PEOPLE
WHO ARE TRYING TO DOMINATE EVERYONE ELSE?

5    WHAT KIND OF SKILLS AND RESOURCES SHOULD OUR
CORE GROUP HAVE?

6    WE HAVE A CORE GROUP OF DISABLED PEOPLE
COMMITTED TO DEVELOPING AN ILP. HOW DO WE
START?

7    HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT SERVICES ARE NEEDED IN
THE COMMUNITY?

8    IN DEVELOPING OUR BY-LAWS, WE HAVE TO DESCRIBE
HOW OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS IS CHOSEN, LENGTH
OF OFFICE, OFFICERS, ETC. WHAT KINDS OF BOARDS
DO OTHER ILPs HAVE?

9    WHAT SHOULD WE CALL OUR NEW ILP?

10   OUR CORE GROUP REPRESENTS MOSTLY PHYSICALLY
DISABLED PERSONS. SHOULD WE SERVE ONLY
PHYSICALLY DISABLED PERSONS?

11   SHOULD AN ILP SERVE ONLY ADULTS? WON'T
DISABLED CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS BENEFIT FROM
THESE SERVICES? WHAT ABOUT ELDERLY PERSONS?

12   HOW MANY PEOPLE OVER HOW LARGE AN AREA CAN
AN ILP REASONABLY SERVE?

13   SHOULD WE HAVE AN ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR
PROVIDING SERVICES? AND WHAT ABOUT CLOSURE?

14   HOW DO WE INCORPORATE AS A NON-PROFIT
ORGANIZATION?

15   WE DON'T HAVE A LOT OF MONEY YET, BUT WE HAVE
STRONG SUPPORT AMONG DISABLED PEOPLE AND THE
COMMUNITY. SHOULD WE WAIT FOR MORE MONEY OR
BEGIN OFFERING SERVICES NOW?

16   SHOULD WE TRY TO GET ALL THE MONEY WE NEED
FROM ONE SOURCE OR SHOULD WE TRY TO GET
SMALLER AMOUNTS FROM VARIOUS SOURCES?

17   WHERE DO WE FIND ADEQUATE MONEY TO OPERATE
THE ILP?

18   HOW IMPORTANT IS A BOOKKEEPER?
     19   HOW MANY SERVICES SHOULD OUR ILP OFFER WHEN
     WE BEGIN?

     20   HOW CAN WE BEST USE VOLUNTEERS AND
     CONSULTANTS?

     21   SHOULD WE HIRE DISABLED PEOPLE OR ABLE-BODIED
     PROFESSIONALS FROM THE COMMUNITY TO STAFF THE
     ILP?

     22   WHERE IS THE BEST LOCATION FOR AN ILP?

     23   WE LIVE IN A RURAL AREA WHERE PEOPLE WHO ARE
     SEVERELY DISABLED LIVE FAR APART FROM EACH
     OTHER. THERE ARE FEW IF ANY SERVICES FOR
     DISABLED PEOPLE AND VERY LITTLE MONEY
     AVAILABLE TO SUPPORT AN ILP. WILL AN ILP BE ABLE
     TO SERVE OUR AREA AND IS IT POSSIBLE TO FIND
     ENOUGH MONEY?

     24   THERE ARE SO MANY PROBLEMS FOR DISABLED
     PEOPLE IN OUR COMMUNITY AND STATE. WHICH DO
     WE START WORKING ON FIRST?

     25   HOW DO WE BALANCE THE PRIORITIES OF DOING
     SERVICES AND ADVOCACY SIMULTANEOUSLY?

     26   IN OUR COMMUNITY, ETHNIC MINORITY DISABLED
     PEOPLE EITHER CANNOT GET SERVICES OR THEY ARE
     UNDERSERVED. HOW CAN SERVICE DELIVERY BE
     IMPROVED?

     27   WHERE CAN WE GET INFORMATION AND/OR TRAINING
     WE NEED TO DEVELOP SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS,
     GRANT WRITING FUND-RAISING, COMMUNITY
     ORGANIZING, ETC.?




HOW TO SET UP AN INDEPENDENT LIVING PROGRAM
Twenty-seven Questions and Answers


There are many potentially successful variations on setting up an
independent living program (ILP). This document does not intend to
suggest the only way. But we at CIL have been successful and other ILPs
have been successful using this format. Do not expect all questions and/
or possibilities to be answered. Every community, every core group of
disabled people will be different. The unique problems you face can best
be solved through your commitment, a lot of hard work, and, when
necessary, technical assistance from established programs and other
authorities.
1. A FEW OTHER PEOPLE AND I WANT TO DEVELOP AN
INDEPENDENT LIVING PROGRAM. HOW DO WE START?

The first thing to do is to organize a core group of people who will
commit their time and resources to establish a program. The core group
often consists of a few disabled people who know each other. They
informally discuss starting a program and agree to commit themselves to
the task.

The Center for Independent Living and many other ILP's have as a
basic tenet that people with disabilities know best what services are
needed in their community and how these services should be delivered.
Services provided to disabled people have too often been poorly
coordinated and/or do not really meet our needs. The majority of the core
group should be persons who are disabled consumers, so that decisions
reached will truly represent the interests of those to be served by the
program.


2. HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE NECESSARY TO START A
PROGRAM?

One person, three people, eight, twenty or more have started
programs. We would suggest that the bare minimum in the core group is
three. The preference would be for larger groups which allows for more
available resources and an easier division of various tasks. Groups of
more than twenty seem to get bogged down in reaching a consensus.
Selecting leadership early within the core group is essential in order to
have an operating program as quickly as possible.


3.   WHO SHOULD BE REPRESENTED IN THE CORE GROUP?

All major disabilities need to be represented for the most
comprehensive planning to take place. The core group may want to
expand to fill gaps where talent is needed or to make political, financial,
or community connections.

It is recommended that the core group maintain the major part of
its composition as disabled consumers with only a few non-disabled
professional members. The participation of non-disabled professionals
can be accomplished through advisory committees that will not directly
control the program. The reason for this is to allow disabled people who
often have been excluded from decision making an opportunity not to be
intimidated by the experiences and power of the non-disabled professional
and community agency person.


4. HOW SHOULD WE DEAL WITH ONE OR TWO PEOPLE WHO
ARE TRYING TO DOMINATE EVERYONE ELSE?

How to identify and protect yourself from disabled/nondisabled
opportunists, hangers-on, flakes, or disabled
tokens-who-have-made-it-in-the-community who are trying to dominate
the core group is a difficult topic to address in a publication such as this
one. Due to the complexities of each possible situation, it would be better
to get advice through direct consultation. You need to be aware, however,
that this can be a problem area.


5. WHAT KIND OF SKILLS AND RESOURCES SHOULD OUR
CORE GROUP HAVE?

The following are specific areas of knowledge which members of
the core group need to possess or which the core group can easily gain
access to:

--kinds of services needed by disabled people in the community;

--incorporation procedures according to state and federal laws;

--setting up and maintaining financial record keeping (this is only
necessary in the core group if money is raised and spent before you have
an accountant along with other staff for the program;

--board and management responsibilities; and

--writing grants and raising money from the private sector.

All of the above areas can be learned through technical assistance.   In
most cases, this would save reinventing the wheel.


6. WE HAVE A CORE GROUP OF DISABLED PEOPLE
COMMITTED TO DEVELOPING AN ILP. HOW DO WE START?

In calling the first meeting, there are two approaches: a small
group that starts meeting on a regular basis and adds specific resource
people when appropriate to the core group; the other is to make informal
contacts with a large number of people (15 to 20), set a meeting date, and
in subsequent meetings add or subtract as appropriate.

When conducting the first few meetings, a temporary chairperson
should be selected to facilitate discussions. Informal discussions around
pre-planned agendas would be best so that everyone gets to know each
other. Special attention should be given in every meeting not to let a few
persons dominate the discussion since involvement of all members is
crucial for maintaining adequate support and representation.

In a comprehensive service and advocacy center, different
disabilities, ethnic minorities, and women working together is important.
Special effort should be given to avoid oppressing and discriminating
against others in the group through prejudicial attitudes or stereotypes.

When absolutely necessary, Robert's Rules of Order can be used to
overcome disorder and topic Jumping. If you have found it necessary to
use Robert's, look for an opportunity to go back to an informal discussion
structure, since Robert's tends to leave out of the discussion people who
are unfamiliar with formal procedures.

Officers should be selected from within the core group within the
first few meetings. They can be temporary or permanent, depending on
how well everyone knows each other. Temporary officers may or may not
be transferred into corresponding positions on the board of directors of the
ILP. Officers that are typically selected are president, vice president,
secretary and treasurer.

If at all possible, incorporation as a 501(C)(3) nonprofit
corporation should begin as soon as officers are selected. Hopefully,
agreement on purpose, philosophy, politics, and procedures for
accomplishing same have by this time gathered a majority consensus.
Incorporating and requesting non-profit tax-exempt status from the
Internal Revenue Service as quickly as possible is important for two
reasons. First, 95% of funding sources can give their money only to
non-profit tax-exempt organizations. Second, most funding sources only
give their money at certain times during a year. Waiting to finalize your
non-profit status could mean a year's delay for funding.


7. HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT SERVICES ARE NEEDED IN THE
COMMUNITY?

Disabled people will generally know what services are lacking in
their community; however, during the first few meetings a
needs-assessment study of the community should be started. Some core
groups have made this their major activity before beginning services. It
can be accomplished in one or two meetings or it can be done over a year.
A few ILPs have received planning grants to conduct a needsassessment
study. This planning grant has given them opportunity to implement
services slowly while identifying the problems of the disabled community.

A needs-assessment study is an integral part of your articles of
incorporation, your priority ranking of services, and documentation for all
your funding proposals. The more detailed the documentation, the easier it
will be to educate your funding sources to problems and their solutions.
Having disabled people write out some of their problems is a good way to
illustrate the intricacies of complex situations. Letters of personal support
from community leaders and other disabled people help legitimize your
commitment and ability to funding sources. Letters from community
service agencies describing their knowledge of the demand for services
you propose to offer, and their inability to offer them, are very useful.


8. IN DEVELOPING OUR BY-LAWS, WE HAVE TO DESCRIBE
HOW OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS IS CHOSEN, LENGTH OF
OFFICE, OFFICERS, ETC. WHAT KINDS OF BOARDS DO OTHER
ILPs HAVE?

Disabled people should comprise 51% or more of the board of directors.
This should be mandated in your by-laws. The size of boards at other
ILPs range from seven through 13. Choose the number that gives you
resources you need but is still small enough to get the work done. When
you are ready to form a board of directors, there are two models to choose
from: community-elected and self-perpetuating.

The community-elected board is based on membership; members
join the organization, pay dues, and elect the directors. There needs to be
qualifications for membership, since control of the organization by
disabled people is a primary policy. Members in monthly meetings, give
input to the directors on changes that are needed in the community,
services that should be developed and in what priority. The membership
base is used for community advocacy and organizing by the ILP.

The self-perpetuating board is self-nominated. Replacements are
picked by nomination of individual board members and majority
acceptance by the full board. Length of board membership is usually
staggered throughout the board so that all board members are not being
replaced at the same time. A drawback to this kind of board has been the
potential for board members to become isolated from other disabled
consumers and, therefore, not responsive to needs of the disabled
community. More than one self-perpetuating board has subverted an ILP
because it was not responsible to the community directly and, therefore,
could make destructive decisions that could not be stopped by the disabled
community or the working staff of the ILP.


9.   WHAT SHOULD WE CALL OUR NEW ILP?

A name for your organization and ILP is a requirement for
incorporation. This is one of the more enjoyable tasks since people
usually get excited during this first tangible creation of the new ILP. It is
recommended that you look for originality in your name since there can be
confusion among funding sources if your name is too similar to an
existing ILP.

The names "CIL" and "Center for Independent Living" are
registered trademarks and may not be duplicated. Also, due to its
nationwide recognition, it would not be advisable to use CIL as part of
your name; to do so might suggest that your organization is only a branch
of CIL, rather than an autonomous entity. Your ILP's name will become
the rallying cry for all your potential disabled supporters. It is the name
through which all of their pent-up desires for independence will be
realized. Try to achieve complete consensus on selecting a name, but if
everyone doesn't agree, don't let this unduly prolong the selection.


10. OUR CORE GROUP REPRESENTS MOSTLY PHYSICALLY
DISABLED PERSONS. SHOULD WE SERVE ONLY PHYSICALLY
DISABLED PERSONS?

It is strongly recommended that you don't serve only one disability
or limit your services to those usually used by only one disability group.
This will limit your effectiveness and identity in the community. CIL
attempts to serve all people who have disabilities, both because services
and needs have much in common and because it leads to a strengthening
of political ties between disability groups. An ILP where all disabilities
are working for each other's interests is more capable of eliminating
barriers to full independence. It is important that you put a priority on
getting a TTY (teletypewriter) so that your ILP can be used by deaf
people. Remember, discrimination and barriers for one disability will not
be overcome until discrimination against all disabilities is overcome. We
must learn about each other's problems. If ignorance and prejudice about
disability is going to end, we must first end it in ourselves.


11. SHOULD AN ILP SERVE ONLY ADULTS? WON'T DISABLED
CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS BENEFIT FROM THESE SERVICES?
WHAT ABOUT ELDERLY PERSONS?
Disability is part of growing older. Many of your services will be
of particular interest to senior citizens. Seek to make alliances with groups
that are serving elderly persons. The policy of serving those 18 years and
older is not designed to exclude totally those 17 years and younger.
Usually, there are some services available for disabled children in most
communities. It was because there were no services for adults that CIL
was founded. It is recommended that you primarily serve people over 18
years of age, and when you have the necessary resources, look for ways to
have impact on problems of disabled children and teenagers.


12. HOW MANY PEOPLE OVER HOW LARGE AN AREA CAN AN
ILP REASONABLY SERVE?

You should not be too ambitious about the geographical area you
serve. If your services become too diluted you won't be able to serve
anyone adequately. Rural areas would be the exception. Ten to 20 square
miles of a suburban community is realistic for five to 10 full-time staff,
which is the average starting ILP. Obviously, if your program is the only
one in a large city or even in the state, you must do the best you can.
Don't exaggerate to yourselves or others about your capabilities to serve
an entire large city population.

Your ILP will probably be a first, and disabled people will have to
learn of your existence often by word of mouth. Several programs with
staffs of around 10 are serving around 100 to 150 disabled people within
three months of operating. The number of new clients per month will
fluctuate, as will the number of services per person in any given time
period.

After the start-up period, which can range from three months to a
year, the size of area and number of disabled people served will increase
to whatever your resources can maintain. After seven years, CIL in
Berkeley has a staff of 150 and provides approximately 5500 units of
service a month. Local service programs will not need to be this large.


13. SHOULD WE HAVE AN ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR
PROVIDING SERVICES? AND WHAT ABOUT CLOSURE?

Historically, eligibility criteria has been used to limit the provision
of services and to exclude some people from services. CIL tries to clarify
needs of disabled people through a mixture of sensitivity and peer
counseling. Intake is to identify needs, not to deny services to ineligibles.

Eligibility/closure criteria also suggests a time when services are
not needed--a completion of rehabilitation. We see independence as a
continuing need. Sometimes there will be no need, but that will not mean
that there will never again be a need. Eligibility has been determined by
some ILPs on the basis of "anyone who requests services, since our
services would only interest someone who is disabled "

Realistically, some services such as attendant referral can only be
effective within a limited geographic range, and requests for these kinds of
services from outside that area often cannot be adequately met. Even
though you cannot provide these people certain services, they do not
become ineligible for other services. At CIL, if people can come into the
center or can call in (for most services), they can be served. If we have to
go to their homes, but they live outside our target area, we are unable to
serve them, although they are still eligible for services.


14. HOW DO WE INCORPORATE AS A NON-PROFIT
ORGANIZATION?

The board of directors is chosen, officers on the board are selected,
and a name for the organization is agreed upon. Incorporation should be
started, if it already hasn't been. A lawyer familiar with incorporating
procedures is a must. Usually someone in the core group knows a good
lawyer able to donate his/her services. The cost to file your papers is
minimal to an experienced lawyer who knows the short-cuts. If you don't
have a lawyer in your core group or access to one, inquire for help at your
nearest legal aid office. Another source of possible help is the State Bar
Association.

The materials for incorporation and filing for tax exempt status
come with instructions, but they can be confusing. Forms for non-profit,
tax-exempt status can be obtained from the Internal Revenue Service.
Forms for incorporation can be obtained from the office of the secretary of
state. Technical assistance at this point can save a lot of work by giving
you examples of other ILPs' bylaws and articles of incorporation. Try not
to get bogged down in bylaw changes at this stage.



15. WE DON'T HAVE A LOT OF MONEY YET, BUT WE HAVE
STRONG SUPPORT AMONG DISABLED PEOPLE AND THE
COMMUNITY. SHOULD WE WAIT FOR MORE MONEY OR BEGIN
OFFERING SERVICES NOW?

Whether to attempt to provide services before having any major
funding or to wait until sufficient money is obtained to open a fully staffed
and comprehensive service program has been a tough question for many
ILPs. If the desire is to wait, which some have done, you should
immediately identify priority funding sources that are likely to support
your efforts. Also, immediately seek technical assistance on fund-raising
techniques.

Several ILPs have successfully opened and started delivering
services before major funding was secured. If you attempt to begin
services this way, local community resources are usually the most
immediate sources of money. Individual donations, civic groups,
churches, and fundraising events can provide enough for basic operating
costs. Donated buildings, office space, furniture and equipment can be
obtained through various city, county, and governmental sources.

Staff can be at first a mixture of volunteer and paid. As money is
raised, more salaried staff can be added. There are several advantages to
this method:

--immediate services can be made available to the disabled community
even though the services may be limited in nature;
--you have more visibility in the community to attract support or money;

--you have a greater chance of developing the kind of ILP you want
without funding restrictions developing it for you;

--you have an opportunity to develop and to test service delivery
mechanisms without grant deadlines or unnecessary documentation;

--you have an opportunity to train staff slowly without pressures of
administering full programs;

--you have an opportunity to gain experience in administration under less
pressure; and

--you have an opportunity to establish your commitment to expressed
principles of independence and integration.
16. SHOULD WE TRY TO GET ALL THE MONEY WE NEED FROM
ONE SOURCE OR SHOULD WE TRY TO GET SMALLER
AMOUNTS FROM VARIOUS SOURCES?

Almost if not all ILPs seek more than one funding source to
support their services. It has been their experiences that funding sources
like to share responsibility for supporting an ILP. Gathering financial
support from more than one source shows your ability to strengthen your
funding base. When your funding is diversified, you will not be as
vulnerable to losing a priority service should a funding source end.


17. WHERE DO WE FIND ADEQUATE MONEY TO OPERATE THE
ILP?

Most ILPs have received the majority of their funding from their
state vocational rehabilitation agency through Innovation and Expansion (I
& E) grants. Beginning grants have ranged from $10,000 - $112,000. I &
E grants are for one year, renewable each year up to three years. There is a
10%-first, 20%-second, and 40%-third year matching requirement. I & E
money may not be available after 1980.

With the passing of Title VII Part B of the 1978 amendments to
the Rehabilitation Act, there is money allocated to each state vocational
rehabilitation agency to establish independent living programs. In some
states, Part B money may be used in addition to I & E grants. In other
states only Part B money will be available. You can inquire about other
grants and funding mechanisms available through your state vocational
rehabilitation agency.

Several ILPs have received general revenue sharing money either
from their county or city. This is local tax-based money for which there is
strong political competition. However, revenue sharing money usually
has the least restrictions regarding what kind of services you can do with
it. More specific information is available through training and technical
assistance.


18.   HOW IMPORTANT IS A BOOKKEEPER?

A bookkeeper or an accountant is essential for financial
accountability. Many ILPs have given low priority to a bookkeeper when
they started. Some tried to go with volunteer bookkeeping, or with a
board member who said he knew bookkeeping. These methods have
proven to be disastrous.

We highly recommend an experienced bookkeeper or an
accountant's services be hired after receiving any sizeable funding. From
six months to a year after opening for services, funding becomes
intertwined with different invoicing and disbursement requirements, and
only an experienced bookkeeper will be able to maintain your accounts
properly. Immediate access to your financial records and confidence in
the accuracy of statements goes a long way in maintaining good relations
with your funding sources and your board members.


19. HOW MANY SERVICES SHOULD OUR ILP OFFER WHEN WE
BEGIN?

A functional ILP has a minimum of five service areas: attendant
referral, housing referral, peer counseling, financial benefits counseling,
and information/referral. These services meet the basic service
requirements of an active ILP as established by the California Coalition of
Independent Living Projects.* They are the day-to-day survival-level
services necessary for the majority of disabled people to live
independently in the community.



*Editor's note: These services also meet the minimum service
requirements established for an ILP by the national advisory board and
staff of ILRU as part of an RSA-sponsored project to develop a glossary
of terms which would help vocabulary related to independent living
become standardized. Copies of the Glossary and a list of ILRU's national
advisory board may be obtained by contacting the ILRU project.



CIL also puts a high priority on wheelchair repair and
transportation. Fast, preferably same day, and reliable service for
wheelchair repair is essential for independent living. Wheelchair repair
can be your first opportunity to develop a business that provides a profit.
In addition, CIL has used their chair repair services as a job skills training
program for disabled people. Transportation can also bring in money to
support the ILP. You must be careful, however, not to allow the ILP's
providing transportation for severely disabled people to be used as an
excuse for maintaining an inaccessible public transportation system in
your community. The services of an ILP are not meant to promote
segregation.


20.   HOW CAN WE BEST USE VOLUNTEERS AND CONSULTANTS
?

If the majority of your staff are volunteers, commitment and
scheduling becomes very important. Continuity in attendant referral, peer
counseling and financial counseling is necessary for reliable service.
Reliable service is how you will be judged by the disabled community. If
you use volunteers in these service areas, screen for people with the most
commitment and flexibility in available time. Try to get a long-term
commitment. A few weeks or a month or two will hardly get past the
training stage. Volunteers can be a good supplement to your permanent
staff. Some permanent full-time staff allows for stability and continuity in
service delivery while working out which volunteer is best for what job.

Consultants are important for providing specialized experience and
knowledge that may be needed at a critical moment. Budgets should have
a line item for consultants. When using or selecting consultants, make sure
that both parties are in agreement on goals and understand the purpose of
the contract. Consultants should have a background in disability so that
you won't have to spend your time and money training the consultant.
Consultants are frequently useful as trainers, facilitators, and for providing
clinical supervision.


21. SHOULD WE HIRE DISABLED PEOPLE OR ABLE-BODIED
PROFESSIONALS FROM THE COMMUNITY TO STAFF THE ILP?

All existing ILPs have a mixture of disabled and nondisabled staff.
A job at an ILP can be the job-market break that many disabled people
have waited for. Nondisabled staff integrated with disabled staff
represents the ideal working environment. It is precisely this job
environment that the community should see in action.

It is essential that the director be a disabled individual, and when
the ILP is larger, most of the people in administrative, policy-making
positions should also be disabled. Hiring disabled people in staff positions
makes a statement to the community about your principles and makes the
ILP an example of what disabled workers can accomplish. The director of
the program usually becomes a spokesperson for disabled people in the
community. The director often will have to ask for money for the ILP
speak out for integration of disabled people, and develop services of the
ILP and the community to meet needs of disabled persons. A disabled
director makes a statement to the community that disabled people are
capable of making decisions, handling large amounts of money, and being
independent when given adequate resources. A non-disabled director
would only perpetuate the traditional myths and concepts of disabled
people being taken care of by professionals.

Staff can be found among the disabled persons in your community.
It has been demonstrated that being disabled can train one in skills and
knowledge necessary to provide most services. Formal job training may
be necessary for some disabled people, but this can only benefit their
employment potential. Outside training and/or supervision will be
necessary in the specialized fields of financial benefits and peer
counseling. You should try to maintain a majority of disabled people
among the staff.


22.   WHERE IS THE BEST LOCATION FOR AN ILP?

In choosing a location for the ILP, hopefully one can be found that
meets all of the following criteria:
     --Cost.   Can you afford it? The best situation is when a friendly
supporter
     offers a facility rent free or at a very low cost. If you have to rent
     space, do not over-commit your finances. A small storefront in a
     less prestigious area will let you put more money into staff and
     services.

          Accessibility.      All physical barriers must be eliminated outside
and inside.
          You cannot hire disabled people, let alone give services to
          disabled people, if an office space inside has steps to it or
          the bathroom door isn't wide enough. A rent-free building
          isn't any good if you can't make it accessible at a
          reasonable cost. There should be parking within a short
          distance with no barriers between the parking and the ILP.
          Don't be afraid to ask the landlord if barriers can be
          eliminated. There are federal tax incentives for barrier
          removal. Accessibility to the deaf is also important. A
          TTY is a must so that people who are deaf can use your
          ILP. Staff should be actively encouraged to learn sign
          language as well.

               Central location.   Downtown in the business district is where
most
               urban/suburban ILPs are located. People who come
               to the ILP are also able to do other daily business
               this way, since transportation is usually very
               difficult to obtain. Being on major bus routes is also
               an important consideration since many disabled
               people can use buses. When bus lines become
               accessible to severely physically disabled persons,
               your ILP will also benefit.

          Easy to find. Even when office space is donated, you should weigh
          carefully your acceptance of it. If your office space is on
          the fourth floor, down a corridor, last door on the left, you
          cannot expect heavy recognition in the community. Many
          programs have chosen storefront offices where there is
          space on the building or in the front window to advertise
          the ILP and its services. Many people have been heard to
          say, "I was passing by and I saw your ILP and wondered if
          you can help me."



23. WE LIVE IN A RURAL AREA WHERE PEOPLE WHO ARE
SEVERELY DISABLED LIVE FAR APART FROM EACH OTHER.
THERE ARE FEW IF ANY SERVICES FOR DISABLED PEOPLE
AND VERY LITTLE MONEY AVAILABLE TO SUPPORT AN ILP.
WILL AN ILP BE ABLE TO SERVE OUR AREA AND IS IT
POSSIBLE TO FIND ENOUGH MONEY?

We believe that ILPs can be successful in rural areas. At the
present time there are few rural-area programs.* Examples of service
delivery mechanisms that have been tried:
*Editor's note: Of the states which received grants from Title VII's Part B
funds in FY 79, two intend to make serving severely disabled persons in
rural areas a primary focus. One is Kansas, through the Development
Services of Northwest Kansas, Inc., in Hays, Kansas, and the other is
Massachusetts, through the Stavros Foundation in Amherst,
Massachusetts.



One ILP has used a peer advocate to visit people in outlying areas.
Its staff of peer advocates have access to an extensive library of
information at the ILP if a particular case is beyond their knowledge. A
specialist in a particular field can also be contacted if further help is
necessary.

Another ILP used a three-person team, a case coordinator, an
information and referral person, and an independent living skills trainer.
These teams are stationed in satellite towns spread over the geographical
service area. The main ILP has additional service staff to deal with
special problems.

The first program described was supported by several small grants
and local contributions. The second program was started with one large
federal grant.

Service delivery, funding, outreach, and other components of an
ILP will have to be modified. We at CIL hope to have more experience in
developing rural ILPs by 1981. Please share with us your experiences if
you are trying to develop an ILP serving a rural area.



24. THERE ARE SO MANY PROBLEMS FOR DISABLED PEOPLE
IN OUR COMMUNITY AND STATE. WHICH DO WE START
WORKING ON FIRST?

After services are started, you will begin to identify priority issues
in your community through services you provide. Whether it is
discrimination in employment, failure to enforce the law or lack of
accessible public transportation, document the problem and/or violation
well, seek resolution through the highest level of administrative appeal,
and only when you are then denied, seek legal remedies. Develop
priorities through community input, but don't be so rigid that when an
excellent opportunity to illustrate and gain support for an issue arises, you
are reluctant to do so.


25. HOW DO WE BALANCE THE PRIORITIES OF DOING
SERVICES AND ADVOCACY SIMULTANEOUSLY?

Your program administrators and ultimately the disabled
community will indicate how much time to spend on advocacy.
Services that make disabled people independent gives them the
opportunity to get involved in advocacy. Advocacy's purpose is to make
disabled people more independent and integrated in the community with
opportunities equal to those of non-disabled People. It is a form of indirect
service and it is a vital need. If you do little or no advocacy you'll miss the
chance to provide this much-needed service to the disabled community as
a whole.

Change in the community is a must if disabled people are ever to
be truly independent. If the ILP should ever close, the community should
be a better place for disabled people than it was before you started.
Attitudes should not be the same. Maintaining disabled people within an
oppressive environment is not the goal of an ILP. Informing disabled
people about their civil rights will lead to organizing them to protect those
rights. Technical assistance in this area is available.


26. IN OUR COMMUNITY, ETHNIC MINORITY DISABLED PEOPLE
EITHER CANNOT GET SERVICES OR THEY ARE UNDERSERVED.
HOW CAN SERVICE DELIVERY BE IMPROVED?

As services to the disabled community are developed or expanded,
disabled ethnic minorities will also be recipients of the improvements.
Yet, due to discriminatory experiences many disabled minorities have
stopped trying to get services, or are not even aware of the services that
are available. Staff who are sensitive to the complications of being a
minority and disabled should be hired to provide services. Disabled
minorities should receive priority when looking for staff

One of the reasons for hiring disabled staff at an ILP is to have a
peer relationship between staff and clients, instead of a paternalistic one.
This rationale is just as valid for hiring disabled minorities. In order to
serve the Spanish speaking community, you must have staff who speak
Spanish. If you don't, your services will reach few disabled Latinos. For
services to reach the black community or any particular minority
community, you must have staff from that minority community who can
relate to its particular history and problems.

Extensive outreach is mandatory in order to overcome the lack of
awareness or suspicion that comes from discriminatory experiences.
Churches, minority-controlled organizations and local community leaders
are good allies and can help with outreach. Radio or television that is
specifically directed to the minority community is also helpful. The best
statement of your desire to serve the minority disabled is hiring disabled
minorities to provide your services.


27. WHERE CAN WE GET INFORMATION AND/OR TRAINING WE
NEED TO DEVELOP SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS, GRANT
WRITING, FUND-RAISING, COMMUNITY ORGANIZING, ETC.?

The Center for Independent Living, 2539 Telegraph Avenue,
Berkeley, CA 94704, was established in 1972, as the first
consumer-controlled, non-residential service center. We have many years
of experience with all kinds of problem solving. We have received
requests from all over the country and from other parts of the world on
how to set up a similar program. This has helped us identify what is and
isn't helpful when establishing an ILP.

There is no need to reinvent the wheel when setting up an ILP.
You don't have to experience all the problems in order to gain expertise.
You will have enough of your own special problems. All ILPs have
received technical assistance at some time and many are still receiving it.
Up until now CIL's delivery of technical assistance has been
uncoordinated and unsystematic. But during this last year we have
developed a technical assistance package that will help both beginning
ILPs and ones that are already established.*


*Editor's note: Other organizations which offer technical assistance in
independent living include Tufts/New England Medical Center, 171
Harrison Ave., Boston, Mass 02111 and Independent Living Research
Utilization Project, 1333 Moursund Ave. Houston. Texas 77030.




ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Bruce Curtis is a nationally recognized consultant in independent
living who is presently working for CIL in the Technical Assistance
Department. Prior to joining CIL's staff, he was the director of Center for
Living Independently in Pasadena, California.

The Center for Independent Living (CIL) is a services, training,
advocacy, and educational organization run by and for people with
physical disabilities. CIL was created in 1972 by a small group of
disabled and blind individuals to provide programs and services that are
geared towards increasing clients' mobility, independence and
employability. CIL is a non-profit, consumer-based organization that has
become a national model for the growing Independent Living Movement.




HOW TO SET UP AN INDEPENDENT LIVING PROGRAM

APPENDIX


INDEPENDENT LIVING RESEARCH UTILIZATION PROJECT
(ILRU)
TIRR--The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research 1333 Moursund
Avenue Houston, Texas 77030

Lex Frieden, Director         (713) 797-1440 Ext. 504


ORGANIZATION

The goal of the Independent Living Research Utilization Project (ILRU) is
to improve the spread and utilization of the results of research programs
and demonstration projects in the field of independent living. ILRU was
established in September 1977 by the Rehabilitation Services
Administration/DHEW. The project is now sponsored in part by the
National Institute for Handicapped Research.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES

ILRU's continuing activities include development of technical assistance
materials and resources for independent living programs. In September
1978, ILRU sponsored the Second National Conference on Independent
Living in Houston. During 1979, the project conducted five national
conferences on independent living. Held in Seattle, Chicago, Houston,
Boston and Atlanta, the conferences were attended by over 400 persons
involved in every aspect of independent living.


MAJOR SERVICES

The project's major services include providing:

--technical assistance in independent living;

--access to data files on independent living programs;

--training conferences, audio-visual materials, publications, etc., on
independent living;

--on-going consultation to a number of groups who are working to
develop independent living programs.


The following items have been produced by the project and are available
for distribution. A more complete list of material available from ILRU
may be obtained by writing the project.

ILRU Source Book: A Technical Assistance Manual for
Independent Living;

Independent Living:   Six Model Programs--a 60-minute
videocassette;

     Annotated Registry of Independent Living Programs in the United
     States, and A Directory of Independent Living Service Providers;

Annotated Bibliography on Independent Living;
A Glossary for Independent Living.

The project is in the process of developing:

--a series of technical reports addressing current issues in independent
living, which will be made available as completed;

--a national training conference on evaluating client progress and program
accomplishment in independent living rehabilitation using the IWRP;

--a videotape which depicts a model counseling session on developing
goals appropriate for independent living rehabilitation and a videotape
which explores the key aspects of independent living programs; and

--a computerized data file on independent living programs in the United
States which may be used for immediate retrieval of current information
on existing independent living programs.


USER GROUPS

ILRU is open to the public. The staff will respond to any request on
independent living, preferably by mail. A rate structure will be provided
regarding costs of products and services by writing ILRU.


ILRU TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SERVICES

--Consultation

--Training

--Product Development

--Material Production

--Evaluation



ILRU provides technical assistance to state agencies, private facilities,
consumer groups, educational institutions, and independent living
programs.

Specific areas addressed by ILRU technical assistance services include:

--management organization, structure and procedures

--operational policies

--grant writing, funding strategies and mechanisms

--conceptual orientation, philosophical bases, history and state of the art

--program and project review and evaluation

--project design and objective setting

--information system and evaluation strategy design

--community organizing and media relations

--resource and referral networking

--staff development and inservice training program design

--audio visual product design, development, and production: films,
videotapes, public service announcements, books, manuals. brochures

--library development and procurement

--curriculum development and educational seminar design
ILRU technical assistance services may be provided in person, by
telephone, or by mail   Services are confirmed by contract or letter of
agreement. Service fees are negotiable and variable, depending on client
resources and needs.

For further information about ILRU technical assistance services, contact
Lex Frieden ILRU Project Director, TIRR 1333 Moursund Ave. Houston,
Texas 77030 713-797-1440 ext. 504


  ILRU Technical Assistance Products and Materials


Cole, Jean A., Jane C. Sperry, Mary Ann Board, and Lex Frieden. New
Options. Houston: TIRR--The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research,
1979.

This book explores processes through which severely physically
disabled individuals become independent members of the community.
New Options was designed to enhance the reader's awareness of the wide
range of options that are available to both congenitally disabled persons
and individuals who have acquired disabilities later in life. The book
examines the New Options project as one model for teaching skills
necessary for participating fully in community life.

Soft-bound book, 113 pages - $3.95



Cole, Jean A., Jane C. Sperry, Mary Ann Board, and Lex Frieden   New
Options Training Manual. Houston: TIRR-The Institute for
Rehabilitation and Research, 1979.

This manual deals with the particulars of establishing and
operating a program to leach community living skills to severely
physically disabled individuals. The manual contains outlines of each
meeting of the eleven training modules used in the New Options program.
By using an outline as a model and information source, readers should be
able to conduct a similar teaching session on any of the subject areas.

Loose-leaf notebook, 129 pages - $5.95



Cole, Jean. "What's New About Independent Living?" Archives of
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 60 (10), October 1979.

The major purpose of this article is to examine important
differences between independent living and traditional rehabilitation
models of service provision, including medical comprehensive
rehabilitation programs, state vocational rehabilitation agencies, and group
homes designed to deinstitutionalize developmentally disabled
individuals. The major portion of the article focuses on differences in
goals, methods of service delivery, and program management techniques
in independent living programs as contrasted with traditional models. The
article addresses trends that may develop as independent living becomes a
standardized service entitlement and points out the potential usefulness of
some independent living concepts and methods in traditional rehabilitation
programs.

Reprints available from:
ILRU Project
Houston, Texas
Cost: $1.50



Frieden, Lex. "Independent Living Arrangements for Severely Physically
Disabled People." Paper given at the First National Conference on
Independent Living: The State of the Art, Berkeley, California, October,
1975.

This paper discusses the philosophical and ideological bases of
independent living arrangements. Physical and social aspects of the
housing facility are considered, as are life support systems (attendant care)
and the managerial skills necessary for attendant affairs. The author also
gives examples of various housing modes and offers a two-dimensional
analysis of these Programs. Funding, accountability, social relationships
and community relationships are briefly discussed.

Reprints available from:
ILRU Project
Houston, Texas
Cost: $3.00 or

Center for Independent Living
2539 Telegraph Avenue
Berkeley, California 94704



Frieden, Lex. "Independent Living: Consumers and Government Join
Hands." Informer, 8, No. 9 (May 1979), pp. 5-6.

This article describes past and current activities of ILRU, an RSA
grant-funded project, the only one of its kind in the country. Also, briefly
discussed is the role of consumer involvement in the independent living
movement. An early draft of the definitions related to the concept of
independent living, developed by the ILRU project, appear in this article.

Reprints available from:
ILRU Project
Houston, Texas
Cost: $0.50 or

Information Exchange Program
Arkansas Rehabilitation Research and Training Center (RT-13)
University of Arkansas and Arkansas Rehabilitation Services
105 Reserve Avenue
Hot Springs, Arkansas 71901


Frieden, Lex.   "Independent Living:   Houston Experience." American
Rehabilitation, 4, No. 6 (July-August 1979), pp. 23-26.

This article describes the independent living movement in Houston
as it is now, along with plans for the future. Programs such as Cooperative
Living, Independent Lifestyles, Free Lives, CLASP, and New Options are
described. Future independent living plans in Houston include
development of new programs sponsored by the Coalition for Barrier Free
Living (CBFL) in the areas of transportation, attendant care, job
placement, housing, barrier removal and information sharing.

Reprints available from:
ILRU Project
Houston, Texas
Cost: $1.50 or

Editor
American Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation Services Administration
330 C Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20201



Frieden, Lex. "Independent Living: How to Live by Yourself." Accent on
Living, 24, No. 2 (Fall 1979), pp. 42-51.

This article documents the progress of organizations and programs
in Houston which make it possible for disabled persons to live more
independently. The flexibility of these projects enabled them to grow as
the needs of the disabled community changed. The organizations featured
are: Cooperative Living, Independent Lifestyles, Free Lives, Creative
Handicaps, Inc., New Options, and the Coalition for Barrier Free Living
(CBFL).

Reprints available from:

ILRU Project
Houston, Texas
Cost: $2.00 or

Editor
Accent on Living
P.O. Box 700
Bloomington, Illinois   61701



Frieden, Lex. "IL: Movement and Programs."    American Rehabilitation,
3, No. 6 (July-August 1978), pp. 6-9.

This article provides a brief history of the independent living
movement in various parts of the country. Specific programs are
described with a brief history of their operations. The six major
dimensions along which independent living programs are likely to differ
are outlined.

Reprints available from:
ILRU Program
Houston, Texas
Cost: $1.50 or

Editor
American Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation Services Administration
330 C Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C.



Frieden, Lex. "Independent Living Programs in Houston." Paraplegia
Life, January-February 1979.

This article discusses types of independent living programs in the
Houston area, the number of persons served by each program, services
provided by each program, and costs involved. The programs described
are: Cooperative Living, Free Lives, CLASP, New Options, and
Independent Lifestyles.

Reprints available from:
ILRU Project
Houston, Texas
Cost: $1.50 or

Paraplegia Life
333 North Michigan Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60601



Frieden, Lex, Laurel Richards, Jean Cole and David Bailey.   ILRU Source
Book: A Technical Assistance Manual on Independent Living.   Houston:
TIRR--The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, 1979.

This source book contains detailed information on independent living and
is intended to be useful to persons who want to develop independent living
programs, and to persons who operate independent living programs, and to
persons who anticipate using independent living programs as a resource
for their clients. The source book includes: a glossary related to
independent living programs; matrices portraying federal, state, and local
resources for independent living; techniques for community organizing; an
annotated bibliography; and a section on funding.

Loose-leaf notebook, 90 pages - $19.95



Frieden, Lex and Laurel Richards. "Independent Living: Choosing From a
Variety of Programs." Disabled USA, 2, No. 9, 1979, pp. 11-14.

This article discusses the bases on which to compare and
categorize programs providing independent living services to severely
disabled individuals. The different kinds of independent living programs
are defined and examples of existing programs are given that correspond
with each definition.
Reprints available from:
ILRU Project
Houston, Texas
Cost: $1.50 or

Disabled USA
The President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped
Washington, D.C. 20201



Frieden, Lex, David Sharp, Tim Fleck. CBFL Conference Report 1978.
Houston: TIRR--The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, 1978.

This report is a narrative description of a training project for
handicapped consumer leaders which was conceived and sponsored by the
Houston Coalition for Barrier Free Living, a Houston-based disabled
rights organization. This report documents the logistical arrangements
involved in planning the conference, including correspondence with hotels
and speakers, transportation arrangements, invitations, etc. Presentations
given by keynote speakers also appear in this report.

     Soft-bound book, 83 pages (limited supply available) - $5.00



Independent Living Research Utilization (ILRU) Project. "Annotated
Bibliography on Independent Living." In ILRU Source Book. Houston:
TIRR--The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, 1979.

Adapted from Pflueger's annotated bibliography in "Independent
Living," a 1977 report published by the Institute for Research Utilization.
ILRU staff has updated the bibliography to include the latest articles on
independent living.

Available separately from Source Book - $2.50



Independent Living Research Utilization (ILRU) Project. "A Glossary for
Independent Living." In ILRU Source Book. Houston: TIRR--The
Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, 1979.

This selected glossary contains definitions of terms related to
independent living and kinds of independent living programs. The
definitions were developed after a review of the literature by ILRU staff.
The project's national advisory committee played a major role in this
effort through group discussion of concepts and through written comments
on early drafts of the definitions.

Available separately from Source Book - $2.00



Independent Living Research Utilization (ILRU) Project. "Annotated
Registry of Programs Providing Independent Living Services for Severely
Disabled Individuals." In ILRU Source Book. Houston:   TIRR--The
Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, 1979.

This registry contains an annotated listing of independent living
programs surveyed by the ILRU project. The registry, which is updated
periodically, provides a profile of each listing to facilitate further inquiry
about specific programs.

Available separately from Source Book - $7.00


Independent Living Research Utilization (ILRU) Project and The Institute
for Information Studies. New Life Options: Independent Living and You,
1979.

This booklet describes new opportunities that are now available to
people with severe disabilities as a result of the passage of the
Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1978, and of the efforts of disabled
people themselves and others who share their concerns. Information is
provided regarding the different kinds of independent living programs in
existence. Also outlined are some sources of technical assistance and
financial support available to organizations interested in establishing
independent living programs in their communities.

     Booklet, 14 pages - limited supply available free of charge from ILRU


Stock, David D., and Jean A. Cole. Cooperative Living. Houston:
TIRR--The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, 1977.

This report examines both the development and the consequences
of a cooperative self-support residential system for severely physically
disabled young adults. The report presents the background and purpose of
the project, the internal aspects of the Cooperative Living system, and
describes the resident population research methodology, the findings, and
special considerations and dimensions in developing living arrangements
for persons with severe physical impairments. The epilogue returns the
focus of the report to the level of the individual and follows the courses
the forty residents took since the beginning of the project.

     Soft-bound book, 132 pages (limited supply available)   - $7.00


Audiovisual Products


Independent Living Research Utilization (ILRU) Project. Independent
Living: Six Model Programs. Houston: TIRR-The Institute for
Rehabilitation and Research, 1978.

This videotape describes six innovative programs which are
designed to facilitate independent living by severely disabled individuals.
The tape depicts the different approaches each program utilizes in
providing or coordinating housing, attendant care, transportation,
advocacy, and information/referral services to disabled consumers. The
videotape received a Certificate of Merit award from the 1979
International Rehabilitation Film Festival.
62 minute, color, 3/4" videotape -
purchase price - $75.00 preview price - $20.00
All preview material must be returned within two weeks. A paid preview
price may be deducted if videotape is later purchased. Payment terms
may be arranged.



Independent Living Research Utilization (ILRU) Project. New Options.
Houston: TIRR--The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, 1978.

This videotape provides an overview of New Options, a
transitional independent living program. Participants are seen in various
activities such as field trips to different living arrangements available in
the community, trips to the airport and to a bank. The videotape illustrates
how staff associates are used in the program to provide information,
support and role modeling, if needed.

10 minute, color, 3/4" videotape (available separately from Independent
Living: Six Model Programs) $40.00



New Options Transitional Living Project. New Options. Houston:
TIRR--The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, 1978.

This slide/sound show package depicts the overall philosophy of
the New Options program, which is to provide information to assist
Physically disabled persons ln planning ways to live independently.
Independent living skills are taught in this 6-week residential program
through the use of modules and field trips. Also discussed is the role of
staff associates used to provide support and guidance to the participants, if
needed.

4" pulsed audio-cassette, 111 slides - (in preparation)


ORDER FORM


ILRU Products and Materials

For your convenience in obtaining ILRU materials, the form printed
below lists each item available and its cost. All prices quoted are pre-paid
and include postage and handling charges. Please complete the order
blank and include a purchase order, check or money order, payable to
ILRU, and send to:

   ILRU Project
   TIRR--The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research
   1333 Moursund Avenue
   Houston, Texas 77030

Name
Title
Organization
Address
City/State Zip Code
Phone

Item Price

1. New Options $ 3.95

2. New Options Training Manual        $ 5.95

3. "What's New About IL?"        $ 1.50

4. "IL Arrangements for Severely Physically Disabled People"           $ 3.00

5. "IL: Consumers and Government Join Hands" $ 0.50

6. "IL: Houston Experience"      $ 1.50

7. "IL: How to Live by Yourself"      $ 2.00

                            8. "IL: Movement and Programs"      $ 1.50

                       9. "IL Programs in Houston"    $ 1.50

               10. ILRU Source book        $ 19.95

                                 11. "IL: Choosing from a Variety of Programs"
$ 1.50

                            12. CBFL Conference Report 1978     $ 5.00

                       13. "Annotated Bibliography"   $ 2.50

               14. "Glossary for IL"       $ 2.00

                       15. "Annotated Registry" $ 7.00

                            16. New Life Options: IL and You    FREE

               17. Cooperative Living      $ 7.00


AUDIOVISUAL PRODUCTS

                    18. IL: Six Model Programs    $ 75.00
          preview price $20.00
(paid preview price is deducted if videotape is later purchased)

                       19. New Options (videotape)    $ 40.00


AMOUNT ENCLOSED
          --PRICES ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE--