Share of Income or Consumption Ratios
Country Survey Year Richest : Richest :
Poorest 10% Poorest 20% Richest 20% Richest 10%
Poorest 10% Poorest 20%
Canada 1998 2.5% 7.0% 40.4% 25.0% 10.1% 5.8%
Nigeria 1996 1.6% 4.4% 55.7% 40.8% 24.9% 12.8%
Namibia:
Maximum
78.7(1)
Slovakia 34.8
Minimum
(3)
NOTES
(1) Namibia 78.7 Botswana 70.3 Lesotho 66.5 Central African Republic 65.0 Guatemala 64.1 Sierra Leone 63.4 Brazil 63.2 Chile 62.2 South Africa
62.2 Colombia 61.8 Burkina Faso 60.7 Mexico Sierra Leon 56.6 Argentina 56.4 Mali 56.2
(2) Namibia: 70.7 Lesotho 63.2 Botswana 63.0 59.1 Zambia62.9 Central African Republic 61.3 Swaziland 60.9 South Africa 57.8 Zimbabwe 56.8
Zambia 52.637.5 Albania 37.4 Finland 36.7 Uzbek 36.3 Czech R. 35.9 Bosnia & Herz. 35.8 Denmark 35.8 Japan 35.7 Slovenia 35.7 Slovakia 34.8
(3) S.Korea
(4) Ghana 40.8 USA 40.8 UK 36.0 Canada 33.0 France 32.7 India 32.5 ...Germany 28.3 Hungary 26.9 Bosnia & Herz. 26.2 Slovakia 25.8 Norway
25.8 Czech 25.4 Belgium 25.0 Sweden 25.0 Japan 24.9 Denmark 24.7
Canada Nigeria Comments
Human Development 5 158 Canada, at
Index rank, 2003 (1 = 0.949, is 98%
highest ; 177 = of the range
lowest) from 0.281
(Niger) up to
0.963
(Norway),
while Nigeria,
at 0.453, is
25% of the
range.
Life expectancy at 79.9 43.3 In 1996, for
birth, 2000-2005 Canada's
(years) (2) Nunavut
region, the
expectancy
was 69.8,
compared to
78.3 years for
all of Canada
Income per capita, $ 30,677. $ 1,050.
Purchasing Power
Parity, 2003, US$
Total water withdrawal 1470 66.25 69% of
per capita, 2000, Canada's
cubic metres per water usage is
inhabitant per year for industrial
(14) purposes,
compared to
only 10% for
Nigeria.
Mortality rate, 2001, 7.2 19.4 England's
per 1,000 population death rate fell
(11) from 28 per
1,000 in 1800
to 18 in 1900
to 13 in 1950
(10).
Nigeria’s rate
is on the rise,
from 18.4
during 1990-
95, but is
expected to
return to 18.4
in 2005-10
(11) .
Infant mortality rate, 5 98 Canada's
2001 (deaths per highest
1,000 live births) (3) regional rate is
for Nunavut,
where it was
16.9.
England’s
infant mortality
rate in the
1700s was
estimated to
be 170 per
1000 births
(13) .
Total fertility rate 1.5 5.8 Canada's
(births per woman, highest
2000-2005) (4) regional rate is
for Nunavut,
where it was
3.1
Abortions, per 1,000 15.5 25.4 Estimates by
women aged 15-44 (1995) (1996) region of
(5) Nigeria:
Southwest:
46; Southeast:
32; Northwest:
10; Northeast:
32
Unemployment rate, 7.6% Official: 5% Afrobarometer
2003 (6) Unofficial: survey, 2001:
40% 20%
("currently
without a job
but actively
looking") (8)
GDP per capita 2.30% 0.00% While the
annual growth rate, “average”
1990-2003 Nigerian has
seen no
change in their
income in
nearly a
decade and a
half, Sala-i-
Martin found
that the
income held
by the
wealthiest 2
percent rose
from that
equal to the
poorest 17%
in 1970 to the
poorest 55%
in 2000 (Sala-i-
Martin,
2003:4). (9)
Ratio of income, 5.8 12.8
richest 20% to
poorest 20%
% of population not available 9% 15% of
undernourished, Canadian
2000/2002 (7) households
estimated to
have either
lacked or
worried about
insufficient
food at some
point in
2000/01. (6)
Urban population,
80.3% 46.6%
2003 (% of total)
Sources
(1) Unless otherwise stated, data from: UNDP (2005). Human
Development Report, (various tables).
(2) Statistics Canada, "Disability-free life expectancy, by province and
territory," http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/health38.htm
(3) Statistics Canada, "Infant mortality rates, by province and
territory", http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/health21a.htm
(4) Statistics Canada, "Births, 2003",
http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/050712/d050712a.htm
(5) Henshaw, Stanley K. et al. (1999). The Incidence of Abortion
Worldwide , International Family Planning Perspectives 25,
Supplement. Regional Nigerian data: International Family Planning
Perspectives 1998, 24(4):156-164.
http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/25s3099.html
(6) Nigerian estimates from: Economist Intelligence Unit (2004).
Country Commerce: Nigeria , New York: EIU, p. 37.
(7) Statistics Canada, "Study: Food insecurity in Canadian
households," The Daily , Tuesday, May 3, 2005,
http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/050503/d050503b.htm
(8) Lewis, Peter; Alemika, Etannibi; Bratton, Michael (2002). “Down
To Earth: Changes In Attitudes Toward Democracy And Markets In
Nigeria,” Afrobarometer Paper No. 20, Cape Town: Institute for
Democracy in South Africa, p.29, Table 17.
(9) Sala-i-Martin, Xavier; Subramanian, Arvind (2003). “Addressing
The Natural Resource Curse: An Illustration From Nigeria,” Working
Paper 9804 Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic
Research. June 2003.
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2003/wp03139.pdf
(10) Fogel, Robert William (2005). The Escape from Hunger and
Premature Death, 1700-2100: Europe, America, and the Third World ,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p.7.
(11) United Nations. Population Division of the Department of
Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World
Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision and World Urbanization
Prospects: The 2003 Revision, http://esa.un.org/unpp, 20 April 2006;
(12) Fogel, Robert William (2000). The Fourth Great Awakening and
the Future of Egalitaraianism , Chicago: The University of Chicago
Press.
(13) Maddison, A. (2004), "When and Why did the West get Richer
than the Rest?", in Exploring Economic Growth: Festschrift for Riitta
Hjerppe , Aksant, Amsterdam.
(14) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Aquastat Online Database , Accessed 13 June, 2006.
http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/aquastat/dbase/index.stm
Have there been
times in the last year Medical
when you did not Food Clothing expenses,
have enough money health care
to afford…
Gallup, 1974-1976 (1)
Canada 6% 12% 4%
Sub-Saharan Africa
71% 81% 57%
(41% Nigerians)
Pew, 2002 (2)
Canada 10% 16% 13%
Nigeria 56% 60% 58%
Ghana 65% 66% 71%
Kenya 56% 56% 67%
Gallup, 2005 (3)
Canada 10% n/a n/a
Nigeria 56% n/a n/a
Ghana 32% n/a n/a
Kenya 39% n/a n/a
Afrobarometer (4)
Nigeria: 2000 41% n/a 36%
Nigeria: 2001 49% n/a 69%
Sources
(1) Gallup International (1978). Human Needs and Satisfactions: A
Global Survey , Q.40A.
(2) Pew Research Center for the People and the Press (2002). 2002
Global Attitudes Survey , Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center.
http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf http://people-
press.org/reports/pdf/185topline.pdf
(3) Gallup International (2005). Voice of the People 2005: Survey
Results, Hunger and Poverty, Accessed 2006.IV.13 from
http://www.voice-of-the-
people.net/ContentFiles/files/VoP2005/Hunger%20&%20Poverty%20
VoP%202005.pdf
(4) Lewis, Peter; Alemika, Etannibi; Bratton, Michael (2002). “Down
To Earth: Changes In Attitudes Toward Democracy And Markets In
Nigeria,” Afrobarometer Paper No. 20, Cape Town: Institute for
Democracy in South Africa.
http://www.afrobarometer.org/papers/AfropaperNo20.pdf The authors
caution that 2001 sample included a "greater proportion of small
villages and remote settlements" than the 2000 sample (p.28, Note
14).
Statistics Canada: Population by Marital status, 2005
2005
Canada N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont.
number of persons
Total
Both sexes 32270507 515961 138113 937889 752006 7598146 12541410
Male 15979460 253439 67198 459263 371153 3750120 6191618
Female 16291047 262522 70915 478626 380853 3848026 6349792
Single
Both sexes 13486224 195095 55623 370580 297137 3167233 5247673
Male 7220597 103393 29186 195778 159194 1694865 2793585
Female 6265627 91702 26437 174802 137943 1472368 2454088
Married1
Both sexes 15653382 275765 70350 470996 381736 3581325 6171691
Male 7792472 137472 34891 234857 190465 1786996 3066551
Female 7860910 138293 35459 236139 191271 1794329 3105140
Widowed
Both sexes 1553103 28407 7198 51994 41553 392535 591993
Male 300341 5422 1138 9717 7548 75713 114952
Female 1252762 22985 6060 42277 34005 316822 477041
Divorced
Both sexes 1577798 16694 4942 44319 31580 457053 530053
Male 666050 7152 1983 18911 13946 192546 216530
Female 911748 9542 2959 25408 17634 264507 313523
2005
Canada N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont.
percentage of provincial population
Total
Both sexes 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Male 49.52% 49.12% 48.65% 48.97% 49.36% 49.36% 49.37%
Female 50.48% 50.88% 51.35% 51.03% 50.64% 50.64% 50.63%
Single
Both sexes 41.79% 37.81% 40.27% 39.51% 39.51% 41.68% 41.84%
Male 22.38% 20.04% 21.13% 20.87% 21.17% 22.31% 22.27%
Female 19.42% 0.28% 0.08% 0.54% 0.43% 4.56% 7.60%
Married1
Both sexes 48.51% 53.45% 50.94% 50.22% 50.76% 47.13% 49.21%
Male 24.15% 26.64% 25.26% 25.04% 25.33% 23.52% 24.45%
Female 24.36% 26.80% 25.67% 25.18% 25.43% 23.62% 24.76%
Widowed
Both sexes 4.81% 5.51% 5.21% 5.54% 5.53% 5.17% 4.72%
Male 0.93% 1.05% 0.82% 1.04% 1.00% 1.00% 0.92%
Female 3.88% 4.45% 4.39% 4.51% 4.52% 4.17% 3.80%
Divorced
Both sexes 4.89% 3.24% 3.58% 4.73% 4.20% 6.02% 4.23%
Male 2.06% 1.39% 1.44% 2.02% 1.85% 2.53% 1.73%
Female 2.83% 1.85% 2.14% 2.71% 2.34% 3.48% 2.50%
Source
Statistics Canada, Population by Marital status and sex, 2005 http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/famil01a.htm
Canadian Household expenditures, 2004: Voluntary contributions
Canada N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont.
Canadian Dollars, 2004
Total expenditures
$ 63,636 $ 49,867 $ 50,849 $ 54,559 $ 51,531 $ 54,494 $ 71,583
Gifts of money and
contributions $ 1,652 $ 1,193 $ 1,184 $ 1,350 $ 1,170 $ 913 $ 1,996
Personal income
taxes $ 12,902 $ 8,699 $ 8,068 $ 10,684 $ 9,413 $ 11,634 $ 14,593
Percentages, 2004
Total expenditures
100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Gifts of money and
contributions 2.60% 2.39% 2.33% 2.47% 2.27% 1.68% 2.79%
Personal income
taxes 20.27% 17.44% 15.87% 19.58% 18.27% 21.35% 20.39%
sum, taxes+gifts 22.87% 19.84% 18.20% 22.06% 20.54% 23.02% 23.17%
Source
Statistics Canada (2004). Canadian Statistics: Average household expenditures, by province and territory , http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/famil16a.
Gini Index
33.1
50.6
Namibia: 70.7
(2)
Denmark 24.7
(4)
63.2 Chile 62.2 South Africa
Africa 57.8 Zimbabwe 56.8
Slovenia 35.7 Slovakia 34.8
26.2 Slovakia 25.8 Norway
Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. Y.T.
1177556 994126 3256816 4254522 30988
584844 493761 1645701 2109082 15656
592712 500365 1611115 2145440 15332
517390 429895 1406232 1744914 13288
277916 232430 767278 937820 7074
239474 197465 638954 807094 6214
547053 468499 1566650 2075319 15134
273327 233430 781023 1031634 7525
273726 235069 785627 1043685 7609
61907 55092 120686 199647 775
11621 9775 23130 40752 141
50286 45317 97556 158895 634
51206 40640 163248 234642 1791
21980 18126 74270 98876 916
29226 22514 88978 135766 875
Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. Y.T.
of provincial population
100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
49.67% 49.67% 50.53% 49.57% 50.52%
50.33% 50.33% 49.47% 50.43% 49.48%
43.94% 43.24% 43.18% 41.01% 42.88%
23.60% 23.38% 23.56% 22.04% 22.83%
0.74% 0.61% 1.98% 2.50% 0.02%
46.46% 47.13% 48.10% 48.78% 48.84%
23.21% 23.48% 23.98% 24.25% 24.28%
23.25% 23.65% 24.12% 24.53% 24.55%
5.26% 5.54% 3.71% 4.69% 2.50%
0.99% 0.98% 0.71% 0.96% 0.46%
4.27% 4.56% 3.00% 3.73% 2.05%
4.35% 4.09% 5.01% 5.52% 5.78%
1.87% 1.82% 2.28% 2.32% 2.96%
2.48% 2.26% 2.73% 3.19% 2.82%
Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. Y.T./N.W.T./Nvt.
2004
$ 56,317 $ 53,314 $ 71,256 $ 64,266 n/a
$ 2,007 $ 1,727 $ 2,012 $ 1,977 n/a
$ 10,937 $ 9,560 $ 15,143 $ 12,098 n/a
04
100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% n/a
3.56% 3.24% 2.82% 3.08% n/a
19.42% 17.93% 21.25% 18.82% n/a
22.98% 21.17% 24.08% 21.90%
www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/famil16a.htm
Page Question Cameroon Canada Ghana India Nigeria United Maximum Minimum Mean
from States
Source
(1)
p.111 "There were 52% 5% 32% n/a 56% 18% 56% 0% 18%
times in the
last 12
months
when I did
not have
enough to
eat." (%
"Often" or
"Sometimes"
)
p.46 "Federal 31% 66% 67% 32% 9% 54% 90% 9% 47%
elections in
your country
are free and
fair" (%
"Agree")
p.29-30.f "The most 0% 10% 1% 1% 0% 4% 22% 0% 6%
important
problems
facing the
world
today?" (%
"Environ-
mental
issues")
p.71-72 "Irrespective 86% 58% 96% 84% 94% 73% 96% 14% 66%
of whether
you attend a
place of
worhsip -
would you
say you are
a religious
person? Not
a religious
person? Or
a convinced
atheist?" (%
"A religious
person")
p.29-30.k "The most 7% 5% 1% 14% 13% 3% 21% 0% 4%
important
problems
facing the
world
today?" (%
"Corruption")
p.29-30.c "The most 12% 1% 14% 34% 12% 3% 34% 1% 9%
important
problems
facing the
world
today?" (%
"Unemploym
ent")
p.29-30.g "The most 0% 5% 1% 1% 0% 9% 16% 0% 5%
important
problems
facing the
world
today?" (%
"Drugs and
drug abuse")
p.49 "Your 33% 36% 69% 22% 18% 37% 71% 11% 30%
country is
governed by
the will of
the people"
(% "Yes")
p.29-30.h "The most 3% 3% 0% 1% 0% 11% 11% 0% 4%
important
problems
facing the
world
today?" (%
"Globalizatio
n / fairer
world trade")
p.29-30.a "The most 34% 26% 39% 9% 39% 19% 57% 4% 26%
important
problems
facing the
world
today?" (%
"Poverty: the
gap between
rich and
poor")
p.29-30.d "The most 6% 8% 5% 0% 4% 10% 19% 0% 8%
important
problems
facing the
world
today?" (%
"Wars &
conflicts")
p.29-30.e "The most 3% 4% 8% 14% 12% 6% 44% 0% 7%
important
problems
facing the
world
today?" (%
"Economic
problems")
p.29-30.b "The most 6% 6% 2% 12% 3% 19% 19% 1% 12%
important
problems
facing the
world
today?" (%
"Terrorism")
p.123 "During the 36% 57% 35% 28% 47% 44% 67% 4% 28%
last 12
months did
you do any
volunteer
work…
devoting
time to a not-
-for-profit
organisation
without
receiving
any wage or
salary?" (%
"Yes")
p.43 "Democracy 85% 85% 93% 69% 88% 97% 93% 61% 79%
may have
problems,
but it is the
best system
of
government"
. % "Agree"
p.29-30.i "The most 23% 5% 13% 3% 7% 3% 28% 0% 4%
important
problems
facing the
world
today?" (%
"HIV/AIDS
and other
health
issues")
p.86-87 "Do you 41% 74% 68% 58% 76% 51% 87% 7% 43%
think
immigration
is a good
thing or a
bad thing for
this country"
(% "A good
thing")
p.29-30.j "The most 1% 4% 1% 6% 4% 1% 18% 0% 4%
important
problems
facing the
world
today?" (%
"Crime")
Nigeria % of Canada % Comments Difference Book Table
range of range (Maximum in % range, Order
from Canada -
highest to Nigeria
lowest;
Minimum
from
highest to
lowest)
100% 9% Max: Nigeria 91% 1
Min: Japan
(1%), Austria
(0%)
0% 70% Max: 70% 2
Denmark
Min: Nigeria
0% 45% Max: Japan 45% 3
(22%);
S.Korea
(20%) Min:
Cameroon /
Kenya /
Nigeria /
Panama
(0%)
98% 54% Max: Ghana 44% 4
Min: Japan
(17%), Hong
Kong (14%)
62% 24% Max: Costa 38% 5
Rica (21%),
Ecuador /
India (14%),
Thailand
(13%) Min:
Finland /
Netherlands
/ Norway
(0%), Ghana
/ Hong Kong
/ Japan /
Senegal
(1%)
33% 0% Max: India 33% 6
(34%),
Greece
(28%) Min:
Canada /
Iceland /
Norway /
Thailand
(1%)
0% 31% Max: Taiwan 31% 7
(16%),
Ireland
(14%) Min:
Cameroon /
Nigeria /
Togo (0%)
12% 42% Max: 30% 8
Malaysia
Min:
Macedonia
0% 27% Max: 27% 9
Germany
(11%),
Ethiopia
(7%) Min:
Bolivia /
Japan /
Kenya /
Nigeria /
S.Africa /
Thailand /
Togo
66% 42% Max: 25% Happiness/Li 10
Romania fe
(57%), Satisfaction/
Venezuela Wellbeing:
(54%) Min: 18,61,83,88,
Malaysia 91,92,96,132
(7%), ,180
Thailand
(4%)
21% 42% Max: Japan 21% 11
Min:
Nicaragua
27% 9% Max: 18% 12
Thailand
(44%),
Indonesia
(34%) Min:
Denmark /
Finland /
Iceland /
Ireland /
Norway (0%)
11% 28% Max: Italy 17% 13
(31%), Israel
(26%) Min:
Ghana (2%),
Greece/Sout
h Africa (1%)
68% 84% Max: Norway 16% 14
(67%),
Canada
(57%),
Paraguay
(53%) Min:
Turkey (9%),
Bulgaria
(6%), Poland
(4%)
84% 75% Max: 9% 15
Denmark
Min: Serbia
25% 18% Max: 7% 16
Ethiopia
(28%),
Vietnam
(27%), South
Africa / Togo
(25%),
Cameroon
(23%) Min:
Bosnia /
Philippines
(0%)
86% 84% Max: 3% 17
Israel/Philipp
ines Min:
Bosnia
(12%),
Turkey (7%)
22% 22% Max: 0% 18
Guatemala
(18%),
Malaysia
(14%),
S.Africa
(13%) Min:
Germany /
Senegal /
Togo (0%)
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.2 Here is a ladder 67% 17% 36% 33% 8% 12% 64% 71% 8% 44% 94% Max: Guatemala (71),
representing the "ladder Canada (67), U.S.A.
of life." Let's suppose (64), Honduras/Mexico
the top of the ladder (69), France (57), Britain
represents the best (54), Italy/S.Korea (53)
possible life for you; and Min: Bangladesh (14),
the bottom, the worst Uganda (12), Ghana
possible life for you. On (11), Angola (10), Mali
which step of the ladder (8), Bulgaria/Tanzania
do you feel you (8)
personally stand at the
present time (Low: 0-3;
Medium: 4-6; High: 7-10)?
(% "High, 7-10")
Q.2&3 PERSONAL 48% 35% 68% 35% 38% 51% 51% 68% 12% 100% 64% Max: Nigeria, Ghana, 36%
PROGRESS: Rating of Honduras, Vietnam,
current situation relative Bangladesh/Guatemala/Uga
nda/U.S.A., Canada Min:
to five years ago. (%
Venezuela, Pakistan, Japan,
"Made progress") Argentina, Bulgaria
Q.2&4 PERSONAL OPTIMISM: 54% 57% 86% 59% 41% 59% 61% 92% 34% 90% 34% Max: Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, 55%
Rating of current situation Nigeria, Ghana/Mali, Angola,
relative to five years from Brazil, Indonesia/Uzbekistan,
Vietnam Min: Jordan,
now. (% Optimistic)
Tanzania, Lebanon,
Argentina/Poland,
Bulgaria/Germany, Czech
R./Japan
Page 23 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.6.a Your household 73% 51% 49% 32% 34% 26% 74% 76% 19% 53% 95% Max: Guatemala, Egypt, 42%
income. Please tell me U.S.A., Canada, Vietnam
whether you are very Min: S.Africa, Jordan, Kenya,
Ukraine, Russia, Bulgaria
satisfied, somewhat
satisfied, somewhat
dissatisfied or very
dissatisfied with this
aspect of your life? (%
"Satisfied")
Q.6.b Your family life. Please 91% 73% 77% 61% 64% 49% 91% 94% 46% 65% 94% Max: Guatemala, Mexico, 29%
tell me whether you are Argentina/Canada/Germany/
very satisfied, somewhat Honduras/U.S.A., Czech
R./France, Slovak
satisfied, somewhat
R./S.Korea/Vietnam Min:
dissatisfied or very Tanzania, Ukraine, Kenya,
dissatisfied with this S.Africa, Pakistan, Jordan,
aspect of your life? (% Uganda, Ghana
"Satisfied")
Q.6.c Your job. Please tell me 82% 52% 54% 45% 55% 43% 86% 86% 20% 52% 94% Max: Britain/U.S.A., 42%
whether you are very Germany/Guatemala,
satisfied, somewhat Canada/France, Slovak R.,
Czech R. Min: S.Africa,
satisfied, somewhat
Uganda, Kenya, Ghana,
dissatisfied or very Jordan
dissatisfied with this
aspect of your life? (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
satisfied")
Page 24 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.7 Now thinking about our 56% 9% 11% 20% 40% 37% 41% 69% 3% 12% 80% Max: Uzbekistan/Vietnam, 68%
country, overall, are you Canada, Pakistan, China,
satisfied or dissatisfied U.S.A. Min:
Brazil/Honduras/Nigeria/Slov
with the way things are
ak R.,
going in our country India/Kenya/Poland/Ukraine,
today? (% "Very" or Venezuela,
"Somewhat satisfied") Bolivia/Guatemala/Indonesia/
Lebanon, Bulgaria/Turkey,
Argentina/Peru
Q.9 And turning to the 18% 11% 12% 16% 28% 30% 17% 51% 9% 7% 21% Max: Vietnam, Uzbekistan, 14%
situation in the world Pakistan, China, Uganda,
overall, would you say Tanzania Min: Honduras,
Brazil/Bulgaria/Kenya/Nigeri
that you are satisfied or
a,
dissatisfied with the way Germany/India/Lebanon/Per
things are going in the u,
world right now? (% Argentina/France/Guatemala
"Very" or "Somewhat , Bolivia, Italy
satisfied")
Q.10/11. Which of these poses the 17% 20% 10% 19% 16% 23% 30% 34% 10% 0% 29% Max: Japan, U.S.A., 29%
a first or second greatest Venezuela, Brazil, Pakistan
threats to the world? (% Min: Tanzania, S.Korea,
France, China, Kenya,
"Nuclear weapons")
Indonesia/Nigeria
Q.10/11. Which of these poses the 28% 23% 34% 10% 15% 12% 26% 36% 7% 93% 72% Max: Lebanon, Britain, 21%
b first or second greatest Nigeria, Indonesia, Germany
threats to the world? (% Min: Honduras,
Mexico/S.Africa, Kenya,
"Religious and ethnic
Angola, Ukraine
hatred")
Page 25 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.10/11. Which of these poses the 15% 17% 32% 45% 44% 43% 16% 45% 9% 64% 17% Max: S.Africa, Kenya, 47%
c first or second greatest Tanzania, Uganda/Egypt,
threats to the world? (% Ghana Min: Pakistan,
S.Korea/Slovak R./Turkey,
"Infectious disease /
Lebanon, Japan, Germany
AIDS")
Q.10/11. Which of these poses the 22% 11% 8% 10% 11% 4% 12% 38% 4% 12% 53% Max: Egypt, S.Korea, China, 41%
d first or second greatest Japan, Ukraine Min: Côte
threats to the world? (% d'Ivoire/Nigeria, Pakistan,
Mali, Ghana, Kenya, Uganda
"Pollution /
environment")
Q.10/11. Which of these poses the 17% 29% 18% 16% 13% 16% 15% 31% 9% 41% 36% Max: Kenya/Turkey, 5%
e first or second greatest China/Argentina, Bulgaria,
threats to the world? (% Germany/Poland, Indonesia
Min:
"Rich/poor gap")
Britain/Mexico/Peru/U.S.A.
Q.12 Now thinking about our 70% 29% 31% 29% 47% 46% 46% 92% 1% 33% 76% Max: Vietnam, Canada, 43%
economic situation , Britain, Uzbekistan, Ghana
how would you describe Min: Ukraine, Bulgaria,
Japan/Kenya/Poland/Slovak
the current economic
R., Lebanon, Argentina
situation in (survey
country) – is it
very good, somewhat
good, somewhat bad or
very bad? (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Page 26 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.13 And over the next 12 35% 36% 74% 50% 43% 43% 48% 87% 11% 83% 32% Max: Mali, Vietnam, Ghana, 51%
months do you expect Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria Min:
the economic situation Slovak R., Bulgaria,
Lebanon, Poland, Japan
in our country to
improve a lot, improve a
little, remain the same,
worsen a little or worsen
a lot? (% "Improve a lot"
or "Improve a little")
Q.14 When children today in 34% 34% 69% 29% 30% 42% 41% 98% 18% 64% 20% Max: Vietnam, China, 44%
(survey country) grow up, Uzbekistan, Côte d'Ivoire,
do you think they will Nigeria Min: Canada,
Germany, Lebanon,
be better off or worse
Honduras/Italy, Guatemala,
off than people are Japan
now ? (% "Better")
Q.15.a Crime: how much of a 26% 86% 84% 96% 71% 67% 48% 96% 22% 84% 5% Max: Bangladesh/S.Africa, 78%
problem is it in your Guatemala/Honduras,
country? (% "Very big Argentina, India, Japan,
Nigeria Min: Germany,
problem")
China, S.Korea, Canada,
Jordan
Q.15.b Ethnic conflict: how 12% 71% 76% 52% 34% 49% 30% 83% 9% 91% 4% Max: Senegal, Nigeria, 86%
much of a problem is it in Lebanon, India, Indonesia
your country? (% "Very Min: Japan, Poland,
Canada, Bulgaria, Jordan
big problem")
Page 27 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.15.c Corrupt political 32% 80% 88% 75% 65% 81% 46% 92% 21% 94% 15% Max: Bangladesh, 79%
leaders: how much of a Argentina, Nigeria, Japan,
problem is it in your Guatamela/Honduras/Kenya/
Indonesia Min: Germany,
country? (% "Very big
Uzbekistan, Canada, Jordan,
problem") Britain
Q.15.d Moral decline: how 29% 44% 59% 59% 57% 56% 49% 86% 26% 55% 5% Max: Bangladesh, Argentina, 50%
much of a problem is it in Turkey, Honduras,
your country? (% "Very Guatemala Min: Poland,
Britain, Germany, Jordan,
big problem")
Canada
Q.15.e Poor drinking water: 18% 59% 66% 53% 42% 53% 17% 70% 7% 94% 17% Max: Argentina, 76%
how much of a problem is Nigeria/Honduras,
it in your country? (% Guatamela, Côte
d'Ivoire/Mali, India Min:
"Very big problem")
Bulgaria, Canada, U.S.A.,
Germany/Poland, Britain
Q.15.f Terrorism: how much of 19% 90% 65% 43% 27% 52% 50% 92% 15% 65% 5% Max: Bangladesh, India, 60%
a problem is it in your Pakistan/Philippines, Italy,
country? (% "Very big Peru Min: Britain, Bulgaria,
Vietnam, Canada,
problem")
Jordan/S.Korea
Page 28 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.15.g Spread of HIV/AIDS: 31% 72% 83% 96% 88% 91% 42% 96% 23% 82% 11% Max: S.Africa, Kenya, 71%
how much of a problem is Honduras, Uganda, Ghana
it in your country? (% Min: Germany, Canada,
Britain/Bulgaria/S.Korea,
"Very big problem")
Slovak R., Jordan
Q.15.h Poor quality schools: 25% 46% 65% 59% 36% 43% 41% 82% 13% 75% 17% Max: Mali, Honduras, 58%
how much of a problem is Angola/Turkey, Argentina,
it in your country? (% Nigeria Min: Jordan,
Canada, Bulgaria, Poland,
"Very big problem")
Vietnam
Q.15.i Immigration: how much 21% 32% 35% 63% 23% 28% 37% 63% 5% 52% 28% Max: S.Africa, Lebanon, 24%
of a problem is it in your Honduras, Italy, Turkey Min:
country? (% "Very big S.Korea, China, Bulgaria,
Russia/Slovenia, Poland
problem")
Q.15.j People leave country: 20% 39% 42% 52% 19% 23% 9% 63% 4% 64% 27% Max: Honduras, 37%
how much of a problem is Argentina/Bulgaria,
it in your country? (% Mexico/S.Africa, Turkey,
Lebanon Min: Senegal,
"Very big problem")
Russia, S.Korea, U.S.A.,
China
Q.16.a Trade and business: % 69% 65% 82% 74% 52% 69% 67% 92% 28% 84% 64% Max: Vietnam (92%), 20%
"happening a lot more" or Uzbekistan (84%), Nigeria
"somewhat more these (82%), Philippines (78%)
Min: Bulgari (42%),
days"
Bangladesh (31%),
Argentina (28%)
Q.16.b Comm and travel: % 69% 69% 87% 75% 55% 81% 67% 93% 35% 90% 59% Max: Vietnam, 31%
"happening a lot more, Nigeria/Lebanon, Poland,
somewhat more these G.Britain, Ukraine Min:
Tanzania/Venezuela, Turkey,
days"
Argentina, Bangladesh
Page 29 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.16.c Movies, TV and music: 73% 78% 89% 79% 58% 75% 62% 92% 53% 92% 51% Max: Vietnam/Lebanon, 41%
% "happening a lot more, Indonesia, Nigeria/Poland
somewhat more these Min: France/Czech Rep.,
Tanzania, Argentina
days"
Q.16.d International finance: % 68% 59% 77% 64% 42% 62% 66% 83% 41% 86% 64% Max: Vietnam, Poland, 21%
"happening a lot more, Philippines, Japan, Nigeria
somewhat more these Min: Argentina, Tanzania,
Bangladesh
days"
Q.17.a Most people are better 61% 71% 80% 73% 56% 73% 72% 95% 26% 78% 51% Max: Vietnam, S.Korea, 28%
off in a free market Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire Min:
economy, even though Bulgaria, Bangladesh,
Argentina
some people are rich
and some are poor. (%
"Completely" or "Mostly
agree")
Q.17.b Success in life is pretty 35% 58% 64% 67% 51% 67% 32% 76% 32% 73% 7% Max: Turkey, S.Korea, Mali, 66%
much determined by Germany, Nigeria/S.Africa
forces outside our Min: G.Britain/Egypt, Czech
R., Japan, Canada, U.S.A.
control. (%
"Completely" or "Mostly
agree")
Q.17.c Children need to learn 76% 93% 91% 95% 81% 91% 70% 98% 65% 79% 33% Max: Vietnam, 45%
English to succeed in Uzbekistan/Slovak R., Czech
the world today. (% R./Indonesia,
Germany/S.Africa Min:
"Completely" or "Mostly
Ghana, G.Britain, U.S.,
agree") Jordan
Page 30 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.19 Which of the following 55% 51% 85% 42% 58% 67% 48% 85% 35% 100% 40% Max: Indonesia/Nigeria, 60%
comes closer to your Vietnam/Uzbekistan, Angola,
view? I like the pace of Bangladesh Min: Egypt,
S.Korea, Italy/Poland/Russia
modern life, OR I do not
like the pace of modern
life.. (% "Like")
Q.20 And which of these 62% 77% 83% 87% 87% 82% 67% 92% 38% 83% 44% Max: Bangladesh, 39%
comes closer to your Ghana/Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya,
view? Our traditional Mali/S.Africa/Tanzania/Hond
uras, Nigeria Min: Canada,
way of life is getting
Vietnam, Jordan, Egypt,
lost, OR our traditional Uzbekistan
way of life remains
strong.. (% "… is getting
lost")
Q.21 Consumerism and 49% 53% 30% 45% 65% 47% 46% 72% 27% 7% 49% Max: Bolivia, Tanzania, 42%
commercialism are a Italy/Mexico, France,
threat to our culture, OR Argentina Min:
Pakistan/Egypt, Nigeria,
consumerism and
Lebanon/Vietnam,
commercialism are not Bangladesh
a threat to our culture.
(% "threat to our culture")
Page 31 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.22.a Television: Please tell 47% 70% 85% 66% 73% 76% 36% 99% 22% 82% 32% Max: Vietnam, Angola/Mali, 49%
me if you think each Côte d'Ivoire/Nigeria,
one has been a change Indonesia/Kenya Min:
Argentina, Germany, Peru
for the better,
a change for the worse,
or hasn’t it made much
difference. (% "Better")
Q.22.b Internet: Please tell me 69% 45% 84% 52% 45% 38% 63% 95% 21% 85% 65% Max: Côte d'Ivoire, Czech R., 20%
if you think each one Slovak R., Nigeria/Vietnam
has been a change for Min: India/Tanzania, Jordan,
Pakistan
the better,
a change for the worse,
or hasn’t it made much
difference. (% "Better")
Q.22.c Cellular phones: Please 49% 63% 86% 83% 89% 84% 62% 96% 49% 79% 0% Max: Bangladesh/Côte 79%
tell me if you think each d'Ivoire, Vietnam, Senegal,
one has been a change Tanzania Min:
G.Britain/France, Canada,
for the better,
Pakistan
a change for the worse,
or hasn’t it made much
difference. (% "Better")
Page 32 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.22.d Birth control/family 60% 87% 73% 60% 76% 75% 61% 99% 14% 69% 54% Max: Vietnam, Côte d'Ivoire, 15%
planning: Please tell me Bangladesh, Philippines,
if you think each one India Min: Ukraine, Japan,
Bulgaria
has been a change for
the better,
a change for the worse,
or hasn’t it made much
difference. (% "Better")
Q.22.e Fast food/convenience 17% 31% 67% 55% 42% 49% 23% 78% 10% 84% 10% Max: Senegal/Philippines, 74%
food: Please tell me if Vietnam, Honduras, China,
you think each one has Nigeria Min:
India/Tanzania, Jordan,
been a change for the
Pakistan
better,
a change for the worse,
or hasn’t it made much
difference. (% "Better")
Q.24 What do you think 86% 69% 95% 88% 82% 95% 78% 98% 52% 93% 74% Max: Senegal/Vietnam, 20%
about the growing trade Uzbekistan, Côte d'Ivoire,
and business ties Mali/Nigeria/Uganda,
Honduras/Germany/Ukraine
between (survey
Min: India, Egypt, Argentina,
country) and other Jordan
countries? (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Page 33 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.25 And what about the 93% 73% 96% 92% 86% 96% 84% 99% 54% 93% 87% Max: Vietnam, France, 7%
faster communication Senegal,
and greater travel Kenya/Nigeria/Uganda Min:
, Bolivia, India, Pakistan,
between the people of
Egypt, Jordan
(survey country) and
people in other
countries? (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Q.26 What about the way 90% 60% 90% 83% 72% 78% 78% 95% 26% 93% 93% Max: Côte d'Ivoire, 0%
movies, TV and music France/Japan, China/Czech
from different parts of R./Nigeria/Canada,
Vietnam, Venezuela Min:
the world are now
Peru, India, Egypt, Russia,
available in (survey Bangladesh/Jordan, Pakistan
country)? (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Q.27 And what about the 93% 67% 94% 88% 83% 84% 81% 95% 53% 98% 95% Max: Honduras, 2%
different products that Britain/Nigeria/Vietnam,
are now available from Canada/Côte d'Ivoire,
Ghana/Venezuela Min:
different parts of the
India, Egypt/Jordan,
world? (% "Very" or Pakistan, Argentina, Bolivia
"Somewhat good")
Page 34 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.28 All in all, how do you 92% 69% 94% 86% 44% 94% 88% 97% 44% 94% 91% Max: Vietnam, Côte 4%
feel about the world d'Ivoire/Senegal/Slovak
becoming more R./Uzbekistan,
France/Kenya/Nigeria/Slova
connected through
k R./Uganda,
greater economic trade Canada/Britain/Germany/Ho
and faster nduras/S.Korea/Venezuela
communication? (% Min: India, Egypt, Pakistan,
"Very" or "Somewhat Tanzania
good")
Q.29 Now thinking about you 77% 87% 93% 82% 78% 93% 79% 97% 33% 94% 69% Max: Vietnam, Côte d'Ivoire, 25%
and your family – do Honduras, Nigeria/Uganda,
you think the growing Senegal Min: France,
Russia, Bulgaria,
trade and business ties
Argentina/Egypt, Kenya
between our country
and other
countries are...? (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Page 35 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.30 Do you think that the 95% 56% 91% 84% 73% 79% 86% 95% 37% 93% 100% Max: Japan/Canada, 7%
opportunity to watch Vietnam, Britain/France,
movies and TV and Czech R./Côte d'Ivoire,
Nigeria/Venezuela Min:
listen to music from
Bolivia/India, Egypt, Jordan,
different parts of the Bangladesh, Pakistan,
world is very good, Kenya
somewhat good,,
somewhat bad, or very
bad for your family? (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Q.31.a Has each of the following 52% 48% 63% 64% 57% 54% 55% 95% 7% 64% 51% Max: Argentina, Kenya, 13%
gotten better or worse Bolivia, Japan, Lebanon
over the last five years in Min: China, Bangladesh,
Phillipines, Vietnam
our country? the
availability of good-
paying jobs: %
"Worse"
Q.31.b Has each of the following 39% 63% 61% 56% 63% 53% 39% 94% 11% 60% 34% Max: Argentina, Kenya, 27%
gotten better or worse Lebanon, Peru, Brazil Min:
over the last five years in China, Britain, S.Korea,
Vietnam
our country? the
working conditions for
ordinary workers: %
"Worse"
Page 36 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.31.c Has each of the following 55% 81% 82% 85% 70% 80% 68% 95% 31% 80% 38% Max: Kenya, Honduras, 42%
gotten better or worse Guatemala, S.Africa,
over the last five years in Argentina Min: Canada,
Germany, Egypt, China,
our country? the spread
Pakistan
of diseases: % "Worse"
Q.31.d Has each of the following 67% 73% 58% 50% 50% 56% 75% 95% 22% 49% 62% Max: Vietnam, France, 12%
gotten better or worse Ukraine,
over the last five years in Germany/China/Indonesia/P
hilippines/Lebanon Min:
our country? the
Pakistan, Kenya, Slovak R.,
availability of modern Jordan, Argentina
medicines and
treatments: % "Better"
Q.31.e Has each of the following 82% 55% 45% 64% 68% 47% 82% 96% 22% 31% 81% Max: Ukraine, Britain, Czech 50%
gotten better or worse R./Japan/Vietnam, France,
over the last five years in U.S.A./Germany/Canada/Pol
and Min: Uganda,
our country? the
Peru/Nigeria, Pakistan,
availability of food in Mali/Kenya, Argentina
stores: % "Better"
Q.31.f Has each of the following 77% 71% 77% 73% 63% 77% 67% 94% 44% 66% 66% Max: Argentina, Russia, 0%
gotten better or worse Slovak R., Germany,
over the last five years in Lebanon Min: Japan, Egypt,
Pakistan,
our country? the gap
Bangladesh/Vietnam,
between the rich and Ukraine
the poor: % "Worse"
Page 37 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.31.g Has each of the following 71% 39% 51% 51% 75% 53% 75% 91% 19% 44% 72% Max: Kenya, 28%
gotten better or worse Argentina/Germany,
over the last five years in Lebanon, Mali, Brazil Min:
Pakistan, Egypt, Philippines,
our country? the
France/Vietnam
affordability of health
care: % "Worse"
Q.31.h Has each of the following 63% 48% 70% 54% 72% 69% 69% 94% 13% 70% 62% Max: Bulgaria, Kenya, 9%
gotten better or worse Argentina, Ukraine,
over the last five years in Brazil/Poland Min:
Uzbekistan,
our country? the ability
Egypt/Japan/Philippines/S.K
of people to provide for orea,
themselves in their old Bangladesh/Pakistan/China,
age: % "Worse" Vietnam
Q.33 Do you think that 69% 45% 90% 70% 47% 73% 63% 90% 25% 100% 68% Max: Nigeria, S.Korea, 32%
globalization is a very Kenya, Vietnam, Venezuela
good thing, somewhat Min: Argentina, Pakistan,
Russia, Jordan, Uzbekistan
good, somewhat bad or
a very bad thing? (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Page 38 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.34 [W]hat’s more important 52% 25% 36% 53% 48% 49% 34% 74% 24% 24% 56% Max: Ukraine, Russia, 32%
in (survey country) Italy/S.Korea, Slovak
society – that everyone R./Brazil, Argentina, Bulgaria
Min: U.S.A., Venezuela,
be free to pursue their
Ghana, India, Pakistan
life’s goals
without interference
from the (state or
government) OR that
the (state or
government) play an
active role in society so
as to guarantee that
nobody is in need? (%
"guarantee nobody is in
need...")
Q.35.a Our National 63% 64% 59% 51% 79% 84% 64% 88% 7% 64% 69% Max: Uzbekistan, Ghana, 5%
government: please tell Uganda, Tanzania, Côte
me what kind of influence d'Ivoire Min: Peru, Poland,
Guatemala/Lebanon/Slovak
the group is having on the
R., Japan, Argentina/Turkey
way things are going in
(survey country). (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Page 39 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.35.b The Prime 48% 74% 69% 46% 82% 87% 71% 95% 7% 70% 47% Max: Uzbekistan, Mali, Côte 24%
Minister/President: d'Ivoire, Uganda, Russia
please tell me what kind Min: Lebanon, Guatemala,
Peru, Argentina,Turkey
of influence the group is
having on the way things
are going in (survey
country). (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Q.35.c The military: please tell 72% 85% 47% 54% 79% 75% 87% 92% 20% 38% 72% Max: Senegal, Uzbekistan, 35%
me what kind of influence Mali, U.S.A., India Min:
the group is having on the Brazil, Ukraine, Peru,
Guatemala, Argetina
way things are going in
(survey country). (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Q.35.d News organizations: 69% 80% 91% 85% 86% 93% 65% 93% 47% 96% 48% Max: Uganda, Nigeria, 48%
please tell me what kind China/Honduras/Indonesia,
of influence the group is Ghana/Uzbekistan Min:
France, Argentina, Jordan,
having on the way things
Japan, Turkey
are going in (survey
country). ( % "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Page 40 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.35.e The trade unions: 54% 58% 82% 60% 54% 67% 63% 92% 12% 88% 53% Max: Vietnam, Nigeria, 35%
please tell me what kind Senegal, Ghana, Philippines
of influence the group is Min: Pakistan/Turkey,
Poland, Russia,
having on the way things
Jordan/Ukraine, Argentina
are going in (survey
country). (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Q.35.f Religious leaders: 54% 47% 84% 74% 84% 89% 62% 92% 13% 90% 52% Max: Kenya, Indonesia, 38%
please tell me what kind Senega/Uganda, Ghana,
of influence the group is Nigeria/Tanzania Min:
Germany, Argentina, Czech
having on the way things
R., Bulgaria, Japan
are going in (survey
country). (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Q.35.g Immigrants: please tell 77% 33% 59% 28% 30% 49% 49% 77% 13% 72% 100% Max: Canada, Philippines, 28%
me what kind of influence Nigeria, Mali/Senegal,
the group is having on the U.S.A. Min: Ukraine,
Turkey/Slovak R./Italy,
way things are going in
Uzbekistan, Czech R.,
(survey country). (% Pakistan/Russia
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Page 41 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.35.h Relevant ethnic group: 75% n/a 65% 70% n/a 59% 78% 85% 4% 75% 88% Max: Slovak R., 13%
please tell me what kind Canada/Uzbekistan, U.S.A.,
of influence the group is S.Africa, Nigeria Min:
Philippines,
having on the way things
Turkey/Venezuela, Pakistan,
are going in (survey Russia, Senegal
country). (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Q.35.i Large companies from 55% 46% 75% 78% 53% 83% 50% 93% 25% 74% 44% Max: Vietnam, Côte 29%
other countries: please d'Ivoire/Ghana,
tell me what kind of Senegal/Uganda,
S.Africa/Kenya,
influence the group is
Nigeria/Venezuela Min:
having on the Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey,
way things are going in Pakistan, Argentina
(survey country). (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Q.35.k The United Nations: 81% 50% 83% 70% 63% 79% 72% 93% 25% 85% 82% Max: Kenya, Côte 3%
please tell me what kind d'Ivoire/Philippines, Vietnam,
of influence the group Uzbekistan,
Ghana/Nigeria/Senegal
is having on the
Min: Brazil/Russia,
way things are going in Jordan/Turkey, Pakistan,
(survey country). (% Argentina
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Page 42 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.35.l International 64% 50% 79% 68% 53% 63% 60% 87% 16% 89% 68% Max: Côte d'Ivoire, 21%
organizations like the Uzbekistan/Vietnam,
World Bank, IMF and Philippines/Senegal, Nigeria,
Slovak R. Min: Jordan,
World Trade
Brazil, Turkey, Pakistan,
Organization: please tell Argentina
me what kind of
influence the group is
having on the way
things are going in
(survey country). (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Q.35.m Anti-globalization 39% 24% 28% 44% 20% 22% 30% 54% 5% 47% 69% Max: Philippines, Bolivia, 22%
protestors: please tell Honduras, France,
me what kind of Guatemala Min:
Indonesia/Mali/Tanzania,
influence the group is
Czech R., Japan, Bulgaria,
having on the Pakistan/Russia, Uzbekistan
way things are going in
(survey country). (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Page 43 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.35.n NGO’s, that is non- 94% 45% 81% 76% 62% 92% 89% 96% 23% 79% 97% Max: Senegal, Kenya, 18%
governmental Canada/France,
organizations such Britain/Czech R./Slovak R.,
Côte d'Ivoire/Uganda Min:
as...: please tell me
Tanzania, Indonesia, Japan,
what kind of influence India, Pakistan
the group is having on
the
way things are going in
(survey country). (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Q.36 Some say that most 76% 62% 51% 67% 48% 54% 82% 87% 32% 35% 80% Max: Indonesia, U.S., 45%
people who don't Uzbekistan, Japan,
succeed in life fail Honduras Min: Turkey,
Brazil, Argentina, Bulgaria,
because of society's
Poland
failures. Others say that
most people who don't
succeed do so because
of their own individual
failures.. (% "Individual
failures")
Page 44 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.37.a The (state or 57% 48% 57% 63% 59% 54% 60% 80% 20% 62% 62% Max: Uzbekistan, Pakistan, 0%
government) controls Brazil, Italy, S.Africa Min:
too much of our daily Senegal, Russia, Ghana,
Indonesia/Poland, Argentina
lives. (% "Completely" or
"Mostly agree")
Q.37.b It is the responsibility of 87% 89% 88% 90% 88% 85% 73% 97% 61% 75% 72% Max: Bulgaria, Lebanan, 3%
the (state or Britain/Russia/Uzbekistan,
government) to take Kenya/Poland,
Bangladesh/Indonesia Min:
care of very poor people
Venezuela, U.S.A.,
who can't take care of Argentina, Japan, Jordan
themselves. (%
"Completely" or "Mostly
agree")
Q.37.c When something is run 61% 60% 76% 61% 63% 53% 63% 84% 32% 56% 56% Max: Brazil, Italy, S.Korea, 0%
by the (state or Guatamela,
government), it is Honduras/Nigeria Min:
Jordan, Angola, Pakistan,
usually inefficient and
Senegal, Uzbekistan
wasteful. (%
"Completely" or "Mostly
agree")
Q.37.d Generally, the (state or 59% 71% 74% 75% 75% 86% 65% 93% 17% 75% 55% Max: Bangladesh, Egypt, 20%
government) is run for Italy/Poland,
the benefit of all the Germany/Uganda, Ghana
Min: Bolivia, France,
people. (% "Completely
Bulgaia, Japan, Argentina
agree")
Page 45 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.37.e Religion is a matter of 90% 79% 86% 79% 83% 81% 80% 90% 33% 93% 100% Max: Czech R., Britain/Côte 7%
personal faith and d'Ivoire, Russia, France,
should be kept separate Brazil/Germany,
Canada/Honduras/Lebanon/
from government
Mexico/Ukraine Min:
policy. (% "Completely" Uzbekistan, Angola/Bolivia,
or "Mostly agree") Indonesia, Bangladesh,
Jordan/Pakistan
Q.37.f Our people are not 49% 86% 74% 72% 77% 72% 60% 90% 33% 72% 28% Max: Indonesia, 44%
perfect, but our culture India/Mexico, Turkey, Mali,
is superior to others. Egypt Min: Canada,
Angola, Jordan, Germany,
(% "Completely" or
Britain, France
"Mostly agree")
Q.37.g Our way of life needs to 56% 76% 78% 81% 78% 87% 64% 89% 51% 71% 13% Max: Turkey, 58%
be protected against Indonesia/Uganda, Egypt,
foreign influence. (% S.Korea, Côte d'Ivoire,
Nigeria/Tanzania Min:
"Completely" or "Mostly
Japan, Argentina/Poland,
agree") Angola/Canada, France,
Britain/Germany
Q.37.h There are parts of 19% 73% 78% 66% 30% 44% 32% 85% 17% 90% 3% Max: Guatemala, Bolivia, 87%
neighboring countries Honduras, Nigeria Min:
that really belong to Egypt, Tanzania,
France/Ukraine,
(survey country). (%
Canada/Kenya, Angola
"Completely" or "Mostly
agree")
Page 46 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.37.i We should restrict and 69% 70% 73% 87% 64% 65% 81% 90% 37% 68% 60% Max: Côte d.Ivoire, Mali, 8%
control entry of people Honduras/S.Africa,
into our country more Venezuela, Czech
R./Guatemala/Lebanon/Phili
than we do now. (%
ppines Min: Pakistan,
"Completely" or "Mostly Bangladesh,
agree") Bulgaria/Jordan, Japan,
S.Korea
Q.38 What kind of marriage 66% 63% 80% 80% 72% 79% 58% 91% 34% 81% 56% Maz: Vietnam, Côte d'Ivoire, 25%
do you think is the more Angola/China, France/Peru,
satisfying way of life, Ghana Min: Russia,
Bangladesh, Indonesia,
one where husband
Jordan, Egypt/Pakistan
provides for the family
and wife takes care of
house and children, or
where the husband and
wife both have jobs and
both take care of the
house and children?
(% "both have jobs...")
Q.39 [I]t is necessary to 30% 88% 85% 80% 83% 84% 58% 99% 13% 84% 20% Max: Indonesia, Senegal, 64%
believe in God to be Kenya/Philippines, Pakistan,
moral and have good India, Bangladesh, Nigeria
Min: Canada, Japan, Italy,
values. (% "Agree")
Russia, Britain, Czech
R./France
Q.40 Homosexuality is a way 26% 63% 95% 63% n/a 95% 42% 99% 15% 95% 13% Max: Kenya, Senegal, Mali, 82%
of life that should not be Nigeria/Uganda,
accepted by society. (% Ghana/Indonesia Min:
Argentina/Canada, Britain,
"Agree")
France, Italy, Germany
Page 47 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.48 In the past year, have n/a 19% 53% 18% 23% 25% n/a 53% 24% 100% n/a Max: Nigeria, Bangladesh, n/a
you had to do a favor, Angola, Kenya, Venezuela
give a gift or pay a bribe Min:
Guatemala/Honduras/Pakist
to a government official
an/Russia/S.Korea/Turkey,
in order to get services Brazil, Indonesia,
or a document that the Argentina/Bulgaria, Czech R.
government is
supposed to provide?
(% "Very" or "Somewhat
often")
Q.58 Do you use a computer 75% 6% 24% 21% 5% 5% 74% 75% 5% 27% 100% Max: Canada, U.S.A., 73%
at your workplace, at S.Korea, Germany, France,
school, at home, or Britain/Czech R. Min:
Ghana, Bangladesh,
anywhere else on at
Pakistan, India,
least an occasional Tanzania/Uganda
basis? (% "Yes")
Q.59 Do you ever go online 68% 3% 18% 10% 4% 3% 64% 68% 1% 25% 100% Max: Canada, S.Korea, 75%
to access the Internet or U.S.A., Czech R.,
World Wide Web or to Britain/Germany Min:
Ghana, Mali, Indonesia,
send and receive email?
Bangladesh/Pakistan/Tanzan
(% "Yes") ia/Uzbekistan, Uganda,
Bangladesh
Q.60.a Do you own a 69% 1% 5% 10% 2% 1% 70% 86% 1% 5% 80% Max: S.Korea, U.S.A., 75%
computer? (% "Yes") Canada, Mexico, Japan Min:
Nigeria, Indonesia, Senegal,
Bangladesh/Mali/Tanzania/U
zbekistan, Ghana
/India/Kenya/Uganda
Page 48 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.60.b Do you own a cell 48% 2% 11% 33% 10% 10% 61% 93% 2% 10% 51% Max: S.Korea, Italy, Britain, 41%
phone? (% "Yes") Czech R., Japan Min:
Nigeria,
Angola/Bangladesh/Tanzani
a/Uganda, Kenya,
Ghana/Indonesia/Russia,
Pakistan, India/Uzbekistan
Q.60.c Do you watch an 80% 9% 37% 10% 30% 15% 80% 80% 1% 46% 100% Max: Canada/U.S.A., 54%
international news Honduras, Guatemala,
channel such as (see Venezuela, Senegal Min:
Vietnam, S.Africa,
Comments)? (% "Yes")
India/Uzbekistan, China,
Russia, Indonesia
Q.61.a Please tell me if you 74% 5% 74% 29% 64% 79% 83% 92% 5% 79% 79% Max: Uzbekistan, 0%
have a very favorable, Bulgaria/France, Ukraine,
somewhat favorable, U.S.A., Germany Min:
S.Africa (Nigeria), Turkey,
somewhat unfavorable
Egypt, Pakistan, India
or very unfavorable
opinion of the
(dominant country in
region - see
Comments)? (% "Very"
or "Somewhat favorable")
Page 49 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.61.b Please tell me if you 72% 54% 77% 65% 53% 74% n/a 90% 6% 85% 79% Max: Philippines, 6%
have a very favorable, Uzbekistan, Côte d'Ivoire,
somewhat favorable, Ghana,
Bolivia/Guatemala/Venezuel
somewhat unfavorable
a Min: Lebanon, Turkey,
or very unfavorable Jordan, Pakistan, Egypt
opinion of the United
States? (% "Very" or
"Somewhat favorable")
Q.61.d Please tell me if you 78% 58% 74% 67% 52% 75% n/a 91% 13% 78% 83% Max: Philippines, Côte 5%
have a very favorable, d'Ivoire, Britain, Ukraine,
somewhat favorable, Uzbekistan Min:
Bangladesh, Lebanon,
somewhat unfavorable
Argentina, Turkey, Pakistan,
or very unfavorable Egypt
opinion of Americans?
(% "Very" or "Somewhat
favorable")
Page 50 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.65 In your opinion, do 10% 16% 64% 29% 19% 38% 22% 64% 4% 100% 10% Max: Nigeria (64%), Kenya 90%
United States policies (41%), Philippines (39%),
increase the gap Uganda (38%) Min:
Argentina/Canada/Egypt(10
between rich and poor
%), Bulgaria (9%), Russia
countries, lessen the (8%), France (6%), Germany
gap between rich and (5%), Japan (4%)
poor countries, or do
United States policies
have no effect on the gap
between rich and poor
countries? (% "Lessen
gap between rich and
poor")
Q.66 In terms of solving 61% 29% 63% 44% 46% 53% 78% 87% 9% 69% 67% Max: Czech R./Slovak R., 3%
world problems, does Japan,
the United States do too Philippines/Uzbekistan,
U.S.A., Ukraine/Vietnam
much, too little, or the
Min: Argentina, Mexico,
right amount in helping Turkey, India, Pakistan,
solve world Egypt
problems? (% "Does too
much" or "Does right
amount")
Page 51 of 268
Pew Global Attitudes Project
(2002)
Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.67 Which of the following 37% 24% 64% 43% 18% 50% 79% 79% 2% 81% 45% Max: U.S.A. (79%), Côte 35%
phrases comes closer to d'Ivoire (69%), Nigeria
your view? It’s good that (64%), Uganda (50%), Japan
(49%) Min: Russia (16%),
American ideas and
Bangladesh (14%), Turkey
customs are spreading (11%), Egypt (6%), Pakistan
here, OR (2%)
it’s bad that American
ideas and customs are
spreading here. (%
"Good") (for USA:
"spreading around the
world")
Q.70 Which is closer to 77% 24% 76% 71% 41% 57% 48% 84% 4% 90% 91% Max: Côte d'Ivoire, Angola, 1%
describing your view — I Venezuela, Canada,
like American music, Britain/Nigeria Min:
Egypt, Jordan, India,
movies and television,
Bangladesh, Pakistan
OR — I dislike American
music, movies
and television. (% "I like")
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Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.71 And which comes closer 76% 67% 93% 79% 70% 82% 94% 97% 41% 93% 63% Max: Côte d'Ivoire, U.S.A., 30%
to describing your view? I Nigeria, Indonesia/Kenya,
admire the United States Japan, Senegal/Vietnam
Min: Jordan, Czech R.,
for its technological and
Egypt, Pakistan, Russia
scientific advances, OR
do not admire the United
States for its
technological and
scientific advances. (% "I
admire")
Q.75 In the last five years have 66% 6% 13% 12% 12% 13% 22% 77% 3% 14% 85% Max: Germany, Britain, 72%
you traveled to another Czech R., Canada, Slovak
country, or not? (% "Yes") R. Min: Kenya/Russia,
Brazil/Peru/Turkey, India,
Vietnam, Pakistan, Indonesia
Q.76 Have you ever traveled to 89% 0% 6% 3% 1% 1% n/a 89% 0% 7% 100% Max: Canada, Britain, 93%
the US? (% "Yes") Mexico, Germany/Japan,
Guatemala Min:
Bolivia/Côte
d'Ivoire/Egypt/S.Africa,
Angola/Ghana/Mali/Philippin
es,
Bulgaria/China/Poland/Russi
a/Senegal/Tanzania/Turkey/
Ukraine/Uganda
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Vari-able Definition Canada India Nigeria South Tanzania Uganda U.S.A. Max. Min. Nigeria % of Canada % Maximum country Difference in %
(N=500 (N=1000 Africa range of range (highest to lowest) ; range, Canada -
adults, adults, (all) Minimum country Nigeria
Environics, Research
(highest to lowest)
telephone, Intl., face-
16- to-face, 11-
24.VII.2002 30.IX.2002
, Margin of , Margin of
error 4.4%) error 3.1%)
Q.77 Do you have friends or 59% 5% 40% 20% 16% 21% 24% 74% 5% 51% 78% Max: Senegal, Lebanon, 28%
relatives who live in Guatemala, Côte d'Ivoire,
another country that you Canada, Mali Min:
Brazil/Japan, Tanzania,
write to, telephone or visit
Pakistan, China, Indonesia,
regularly? (% "Yes") India
Q.78 Do any of the friends or 72% 38% 73% 44% 32% 42% n/a 93% 12% 75% 74% Max: Guatemala /Mexico, 1%
relatives you write to, Honduras, Nigeria, Canada,
telephone or visit Ghana, S.Korea Min: Egypt,
Angola, Turkey, Uzbekistan,
regularly live in the US?
Russia
(% "Yes")
Q.87.a Have there been times 10% 44% 56% 59% 54% 71% 15% 86% 4% 63% 7% Max: Angola (86%), Uganda 56%
during the last year when (71%), Bolivia (67%), Peru
you did not have enough (65%) Min: France (8%),
Germany (5%), Japan (4%)
money…? To buy food.
(% Yes)
Q.87.b Have there been times 13% 52% 58% 59% 62% 78% 26% 85% 4% 67% 11% Max: Angola (86%), Uganda 56%
during the last year when (78%), Ghana (71%), Peru
you did not have enough (68%) Min: Germany (8%),
France (5%), Japan (4%)
money…? To pay for
medical and health care.
(% Yes)
Q.87.c Have there been times 16% 44% 60% 61% 56% 77% 19% 85% 4% 69% 15% Max: Angola (85%), Uganda 54%
during the last year when (77%), Peru/Russia (68%),
you did not have enough Bulgaria/Ghana (66%) Min:
Czech R. (18%),
money…? To buy
Canada/Italy (16%), France
clothing. (% Yes) (12%), Germany (10%),
Japan (5%)
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.2 Here is a ladder This may be the closest equivalent to World Values Survey question
representing the "ladder V96/A170 (overall life satisfaction). Other Pew satisfaction questions are
of life." Let's suppose Q1 (way things are going in the country), Q 6abc (income, family, job), Q7
the top of the ladder (your country), and Q9 (the world).
represents the best
possible life for you; and
the bottom, the worst
possible life for you. On
which step of the ladder
do you feel you
personally stand at the
present time (Low: 0-3;
Medium: 4-6; High: 7-10)?
(% "High, 7-10")
Q.2&3 PERSONAL Both Canada and Nigeria rank at the top among the 44 nations surveyed.
PROGRESS: Rating of Nigerian economic growth over the 1990s and early 2000s was around 2-
current situation relative 3% per year, roughly equal to the population increase, so income per
to five years ago. (% capita remained constant. But urbanisation has increased, and perhaps
"Made progress") education levels too.
Q.2&4 PERSONAL OPTIMISM: West Africans rank among the most optimistic in their 5-year outlook while
Rating of current situation AIDS-ravaged southern Africans rank mid-way. "Hope beyond hope"
relative to five years from (Russian female dissident, Nadezhda Mandelstam); "An optimism of the
now. (% Optimistic) will" (Italian sociologist, Antonio Gramsci)
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.6.a Your household
income. Please tell me
whether you are very
satisfied, somewhat
satisfied, somewhat
dissatisfied or very
dissatisfied with this
aspect of your life? (%
"Satisfied")
Q.6.b Your family life. Please Sub-Saharan Africans perceive the strongest dissatisfaction with their
tell me whether you are family life, although Nigeria ranks mid-way.
very satisfied, somewhat
satisfied, somewhat
dissatisfied or very
dissatisfied with this
aspect of your life? (%
"Satisfied")
Q.6.c Your job. Please tell me Sub-Saharan Africans perceive the strongest dissatisfaction with their
whether you are very jobs, although Nigeria ranks mid-way.
satisfied, somewhat
satisfied, somewhat
dissatisfied or very
dissatisfied with this
aspect of your life? (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
satisfied")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.7 Now thinking about our Large Canadian-Nigerian difference
country, overall, are you
satisfied or dissatisfied
with the way things are
going in our country
today? (% "Very" or
"Somewhat satisfied")
Q.9 And turning to the
situation in the world
overall, would you say
that you are satisfied or
dissatisfied with the way
things are going in the
world right now? (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
satisfied")
Q.10/11. Which of these poses the Nigeria is lowest, with two other African nations also ranking nuclear
a first or second greatest weapons as low threats.
threats to the world? (%
"Nuclear weapons")
Q.10/11. Which of these poses the Compare this to Monty Marshall national violence data.
b first or second greatest
threats to the world? (%
"Religious and ethnic
hatred")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.10/11. Which of these poses the
c first or second greatest
threats to the world? (%
"Infectious disease /
AIDS")
Q.10/11. Which of these poses the Concern for the environment ranks lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, with five
d first or second greatest of the seven-lowest response rates.
threats to the world? (%
"Pollution /
environment")
Q.10/11. Which of these poses the
e first or second greatest
threats to the world? (%
"Rich/poor gap")
Q.12 Now thinking about our
economic situation ,
how would you describe
the current economic
situation in (survey
country) – is it
very good, somewhat
good, somewhat bad or
very bad? (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.13 And over the next 12 Nigerians ranked highest for the response "improve a lot" (45%), well
months do you expect ahead of second-place Vietnam (36%). Could this be a survey artifact, or
the economic situation "irrational exuberance", or the promises of prosperity religion, or other
in our country to cultural factors?
improve a lot, improve a
little, remain the same,
worsen a little or worsen
a lot? (% "Improve a lot"
or "Improve a little")
Q.14 When children today in Large Canadian-Nigerian difference
(survey country) grow up,
do you think they will
be better off or worse
off than people are
now ? (% "Better")
Q.15.a Crime: how much of a Large Canadian-Nigerian difference
problem is it in your
country? (% "Very big
problem")
Q.15.b Ethnic conflict: how Large Canadian-Nigerian difference
much of a problem is it in
your country? (% "Very
big problem")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.15.c Corrupt political Large Canadian-Nigerian difference , but compare this to
leaders: how much of a WVS2000:F117, "Justified to accept a bribe in one's duties?" Canada:
problem is it in your Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index for 2002 ranked
country? (% "Very big these 7 nations as the most corrupt (ascending order): Indonesia, Kenya,
problem") Angola, Madagascar, Paraguay, Nigeria, Bangladesh. TPI measures
"official corruption", i.e. the need to bribe senior public officials. TPI also
measured domestic perceptions of corruption in its 2003 "Global
Corruption Barometer", where only 50.6% of Nigerians considered
corruption to "affect their personal and family life very significantly", while
the highest responses were 76.5%, 69.7% and 66.4% for Bulgaria, Bosnia
& Herzegovina, and Turkey, respectively.
http://www.transparency.org/policy_and_research/surveys_indices/gcb/20
03__1 (Appendix 1). Compare to Q.48 (frequency of bribing government
officials), Nigeria ranks highest.
Q.15.d Moral decline: how Canadians are least concerned about "moral decline" among the 44-
much of a problem is it in nation sample.
your country? (% "Very
big problem")
Q.15.e Poor drinking water: Large Cdn-Ngn difference.
how much of a problem is
it in your country? (%
"Very big problem")
Q.15.f Terrorism: how much of
a problem is it in your
country? (% "Very big
problem")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.15.g Spread of HIV/AIDS:
how much of a problem is
it in your country? (%
"Very big problem")
Q.15.h Poor quality schools: Large Cdn-Ngn difference.
how much of a problem is
it in your country? (%
"Very big problem")
Q.15.i Immigration: how much For Canada, immigration comprises approximately one-half of the annual
of a problem is it in your population growth.
country? (% "Very big
problem")
Q.15.j People leave country:
how much of a problem is
it in your country? (%
"Very big problem")
Q.16.a Trade and business: %
"happening a lot more" or
"somewhat more these
days"
Q.16.b Comm and travel: %
"happening a lot more,
somewhat more these
days"
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.16.c Movies, TV and music:
% "happening a lot more,
somewhat more these
days"
Q.16.d International finance: %
"happening a lot more,
somewhat more these
days"
Q.17.a Most people are better Compare to support for Q.65 & Q.66 (US foreign aid) and also to: ODA
off in a free market data: cric.ca, Earnescliffe (CIDA, 2000), Angus Reid (1998), Opoku-
economy, even though Dapnah 2002, WVS 2000:E129-E139, etc.
some people are rich
and some are poor. (%
"Completely" or "Mostly
agree")
Q.17.b Success in life is pretty Very large Nigerian-Canadian difference. Compare to Pew Q.36
much determined by (Personal failure); WVS V229/A032 (feeling of responsib.), WVS
forces outside our V255(luck), WVS A030/V228 (hard work). Jeffrey Sachs (2005)
control. (% comments on WVS A030 in An End to Poverty.
"Completely" or "Mostly
agree")
Q.17.c Children need to learn US: "a foreign language"; Canada: "French"
English to succeed in
the world today. (%
"Completely" or "Mostly
agree")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.19 Which of the following Q19 & Q20 suggest Nigerians are quite willing to forfeit their traditional
comes closer to your culture for "modernity".
view? I like the pace of
modern life, OR I do not
like the pace of modern
life.. (% "Like")
Q.20 And which of these Large Cdn-Ngn difference. And sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rates
comes closer to your of lost tradition - high stress, therefore empathy needed by expatriates??
view? Our traditional Compare to Harpers Sep.2005, p.14: letters to Daily Times of Nigeria in
way of life is getting 2004, on cell phone deaths by "killer numbers"
lost, OR our traditional
way of life remains
strong.. (% "… is getting
lost")
Q.21 Consumerism and Compare this to Jared Diamond: Collapse. Concern for spreading global
commercialism are a consumerism at OECD levels is unsustainable.
threat to our culture, OR
consumerism and
commercialism are not
a threat to our culture.
(% "threat to our culture")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.22.a Television: Please tell
me if you think each
one has been a change
for the better,
a change for the worse,
or hasn’t it made much
difference. (% "Better")
Q.22.b Internet: Please tell me Nigeria's 84% seems falsely high for 2002, with perhaps 5% of the
if you think each one population using the Internet
has been a change for
the better,
a change for the worse,
or hasn’t it made much
difference. (% "Better")
Q.22.c Cellular phones: Please Compare to Q.66.b, cell phone ownership.
tell me if you think each
one has been a change
for the better,
a change for the worse,
or hasn’t it made much
difference. (% "Better")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.22.d Birth control/family
planning: Please tell me
if you think each one
has been a change for
the better,
a change for the worse,
or hasn’t it made much
difference. (% "Better")
Q.22.e Fast food/convenience Probably fewer than 5% of Nigerians frequented Mr. Bigg's, Tantalizers, et
food: Please tell me if al. in 2002
you think each one has
been a change for the
better,
a change for the worse,
or hasn’t it made much
difference. (% "Better")
Q.24 What do you think
about the growing trade
and business ties
between (survey
country) and other
countries? (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.25 And what about the
faster communication
and greater travel
between the people of
(survey country) and
people in other
countries? (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Q.26 What about the way Rare instance of high consensus between Nigeria & Canadian: perhaps a
movies, TV and music sign that each are "global citizens"? Corroborates Q.30.
from different parts of
the world are now
available in (survey
country)? (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Q.27 And what about the Both Canadians and Nigerians show very strong support for international
different products that trade.
are now available from
different parts of the
world? (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.28 All in all, how do you Both Canadians and Nigerians show very strong support for international
feel about the world trade.
becoming more
connected through
greater economic trade
and faster
communication? (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Q.29 Now thinking about you
and your family – do
you think the growing
trade and business ties
between our country
and other
countries are...? (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.30 Do you think that the Both Canada and Nigeria rank highest in supporting access to global
opportunity to watch culture. Islamic countries appear to have the lowest support.
movies and TV and Corroborates Q.28.
listen to music from
different parts of the
world is very good,
somewhat good,,
somewhat bad, or very
bad for your family? (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Q.31.a Has each of the following Nigeria about 50% of range on 8 views of change over last 5 years in their
gotten better or worse country's economy & social care
over the last five years in
our country? the
availability of good-
paying jobs: %
"Worse"
Q.31.b Has each of the following
gotten better or worse
over the last five years in
our country? the
working conditions for
ordinary workers: %
"Worse"
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.31.c Has each of the following
gotten better or worse
over the last five years in
our country? the spread
of diseases: % "Worse"
Q.31.d Has each of the following
gotten better or worse
over the last five years in
our country? the
availability of modern
medicines and
treatments: % "Better"
Q.31.e Has each of the following
gotten better or worse
over the last five years in
our country? the
availability of food in
stores: % "Better"
Q.31.f Has each of the following Nigeria & Canada agree exactly.
gotten better or worse
over the last five years in
our country? the gap
between the rich and
the poor: % "Worse"
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.31.g Has each of the following
gotten better or worse
over the last five years in
our country? the
affordability of health
care: % "Worse"
Q.31.h Has each of the following
gotten better or worse
over the last five years in
our country? the ability
of people to provide for
themselves in their old
age: % "Worse"
Q.33 Do you think that
globalization is a very
good thing, somewhat
good, somewhat bad or
a very bad thing? (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.34 [W]hat’s more important Compare to Angus Reid World Poll 1998: "It is the responsibility of the
in (survey country) government to reduce the differences in income between people with high
society – that everyone incomes and people with low incomes" (% "Agree"):
be free to pursue their Argentina/Turkey:84%, Brazil:83%, Indonesia:81%, Norway:80%, China:
life’s goals 78% ... Netherlands:60%, S.Africa:57%, Denmark:55%, Canada:51%,
without interference U.S.A.:45% (African nations not included)
from the (state or
government) OR that
the (state or
government) play an
active role in society so
as to guarantee that
nobody is in need? (%
"guarantee nobody is in
need...")
Q.35.a Our National
government: please tell
me what kind of influence
the group is having on the
way things are going in
(survey country). (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.35.b The Prime
Minister/President:
please tell me what kind
of influence the group is
having on the way things
are going in (survey
country). (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Q.35.c The military: please tell Nigeria was under military rule from 1983 to 1998. This survey was
me what kind of influence conducted in the country's fourth year of an electoral democracy. Hence,
the group is having on the support for the military is low, 20% lower than for the federal government
way things are going in or for the President.
(survey country). (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Q.35.d News organizations: Nigerians' very strong support for their journalists corroborates the
please tell me what kind relatively high ranking of 38% of range of 195 nations for Nigeria's "Voice
of influence the group is & Accountability" measure in the World Bank Governance Indicators.
having on the way things http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2002
are going in (survey
country). ( % "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.35.e The trade unions:
please tell me what kind
of influence the group is
having on the way things
are going in (survey
country). (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Q.35.f Religious leaders: Surprisingly, Middle Eastern states (Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Turkey)
please tell me what kind rank about midway across the 42 countries with responses, rather than
of influence the group is ranking very high.
having on the way things
are going in (survey
country). (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Q.35.g Immigrants: please tell Both Canada and Nigeria rank high. Fifty per cent of Canada's population
me what kind of influence growth is dependent on immigration.
the group is having on the
way things are going in
(survey country). (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.35.h Relevant ethnic group: US: "African-Americans"; Canada: "French speakers"; Nigeria: "Igbo"
please tell me what kind 68%, "Yoruba" 63%, "Hausa" 63%; Uganda: "Banyan-Kole"; South Africa:
of influence the group is "Black people" Both Canada and Nigeria rank high.
having on the way things
are going in (survey
country). (% "Very" or
"Somewhat good")
Q.35.i Large companies from Sub-Saharan Africans show very strong support for multinational
other countries: please investment. Afrobarometer's opinion survey including 2,190 Nigerian
tell me what kind of adults (equal male:female ratio, stratified regional, socio-economic
influence the group is representation) were surveyed in 2001. In 2001, well below
having on the unemployment (39%), poverty (14%), food shortages (9%), and economic
way things are going in management (6%), Nigerians ranked corruption fifth at 4% (tying with
(survey country). (% agriculture) as Nigeria's "leading problem".
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Q.35.k The United Nations:
please tell me what kind
of influence the group
is having on the
way things are going in
(survey country). (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.35.l International
organizations like the
World Bank, IMF and
World Trade
Organization: please tell
me what kind of
influence the group is
having on the way
things are going in
(survey country). (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Q.35.m Anti-globalization
protestors: please tell
me what kind of
influence the group is
having on the
way things are going in
(survey country). (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.35.n NGO’s, that is non- NGOs mentioned - Nigeria: Civil Liberties
governmental Organisation (CLO), Society For Family Health (SFFH), Campaign For
organizations such Democracy (CD), Planned Parenthood Federation of Nigeria (PPFN),
as...: please tell me National
what kind of influence Council For Societies (NCWS), Women in Nigeria (WIN) and Centre for
the group is having on Rehabilitation and Training (CERAT); Canada: such as the Red Cross or
the the United Way. % "Don't know" Nigeria: 11%; Canada: 2%.
way things are going in
(survey country). (%
"Very" or "Somewhat
good")
Q.36 Some say that most Southern African concept of "Ubuntu": " a person is a person through
people who don't others".
succeed in life fail
because of society's
failures. Others say that
most people who don't
succeed do so because
of their own individual
failures.. (% "Individual
failures")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.37.a The (state or Nigeria & Canada agree exactly.
government) controls
too much of our daily
lives. (% "Completely" or
"Mostly agree")
Q.37.b It is the responsibility of Canada & Nigeria are "on the same page" here.
the (state or
government) to take
care of very poor people
who can't take care of
themselves. (%
"Completely" or "Mostly
agree")
Q.37.c When something is run Yet, Nigerians are reluctant to have civil service staffing reduced.
by the (state or
government), it is
usually inefficient and
wasteful. (%
"Completely" or "Mostly
agree")
Q.37.d Generally, the (state or
government) is run for
the benefit of all the
people. (% "Completely
agree")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.37.e Religion is a matter of
personal faith and
should be kept separate
from government
policy. (% "Completely"
or "Mostly agree")
Q.37.f Our people are not
perfect, but our culture
is superior to others.
(% "Completely" or
"Mostly agree")
Q.37.g Our way of life needs to Large Cdn-Ngn difference. Compare this to Q.19 (Modernity) & Q.20
be protected against (Tradition)
foreign influence. (%
"Completely" or "Mostly
agree")
Q.37.h There are parts of Large Cdn-Ngn difference. Nigeria is contesting the Bakassi Peninsula
neighboring countries in Cameroun.
that really belong to
(survey country). (%
"Completely" or "Mostly
agree")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.37.i We should restrict and
control entry of people
into our country more
than we do now. (%
"Completely" or "Mostly
agree")
Q.38 What kind of marriage
do you think is the more
satisfying way of life,
one where husband
provides for the family
and wife takes care of
house and children, or
where the husband and
wife both have jobs and
both take care of the
house and children?
(% "both have jobs...")
Q.39 [I]t is necessary to Large Cdn-Ngn difference.
believe in God to be
moral and have good
values. (% "Agree")
Q.40 Homosexuality is a way Large Cdn-Ngn difference.
of life that should not be
accepted by society. (%
"Agree")
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.48 In the past year, have Nigeria is highest among the 34 countries that responded in Latin
you had to do a favor, America, Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. North
give a gift or pay a bribe America and Western Europe were excluded from this question.
to a government official These results appear to correlate with Transparency International's
in order to get services Corruption Perceptions Index, however, compare it to comments in
or a document that the Q.15.c: Transp.Intl. 2003 Global Corruption Barometer , where 50.6% of
government is Nigerians considered corruption to "affect their personal and family life
supposed to provide? very significantly", lower than 76.5% for Bulgarians and 66.4% for Turks.
(% "Very" or "Somewhat
often")
Q.58 Do you use a computer Large Cdn-Ngn difference.
at your workplace, at
school, at home, or
anywhere else on at
least an occasional
basis? (% "Yes")
Q.59 Do you ever go online Large Cdn-Ngn difference.
to access the Internet or
World Wide Web or to
send and receive email?
(% "Yes")
Q.60.a Do you own a
computer? (% "Yes")
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Responses for Selected Nations
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.60.b Do you own a cell This shows that the Pew sample (adults, 18 plus) is skewed and fails to
phone? (% "Yes") capture responses from the poorest segment of Nigerian society. The
Pew sample records 11% self-reported cell phone ownership for Nigeria in
2002, whereas the UNDP Human Development Report lists 2.6% (4 times
lower) for the general population of 125.9 million in 2003, of which 44.7%
were under 15 years of age in 2003 (HDR 2005:Table 5). Assuming that
~50% of Nigerians are under 18, then the Pew cell-phone ownership for
the entire Nigerian population would be about one-half of 11%, or 6%; that
is still more than double the HDR estimate. Jeune Afrique/L'Intelligent
(16-22 octobre 2005) No. 2336:68: Nigeria: 11,140,800 mobile phone
subscribers, 9% of the Nigerian population. Ghana: 8%, Cameroun: 10%,
Morocco: 32%. UNDP Human Development Report 2005 (Table 13): 26
cellular subscribers per 1,000 Nigerians in 2003 (2.6%).
Q.60.c Do you watch an Canada: "CBC Newsworld or CNN"; Nigeria: "CNN, BBC, VOA or SABC".
international news
channel such as (see
Comments)? (% "Yes")
Q.61.a Please tell me if you "Dominant country": Canada: Mexico; U.S.A.: Canada; India: Pakistan;
have a very favorable, Nigeria,Tanzania, Uganda: S.Africa; S.Africa: Nigeria. South Africans'
somewhat favorable, low rating of Nigeria may reflect the stereotype that Nigerian immigrants in
somewhat unfavorable S.Africa are involved in illicit drug trade. Note that Canada and Nigeria
or very unfavorable share equal regard for their neighbouring powers.
opinion of the
(dominant country in
region - see
Comments)? (% "Very"
or "Somewhat favorable")
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Responses for Selected Nations
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.61.b Please tell me if you As would be expected, there is very close correlation between Q.61.b and
have a very favorable, Q.61.d.
somewhat favorable,
somewhat unfavorable
or very unfavorable
opinion of the United
States? (% "Very" or
"Somewhat favorable")
Q.61.d Please tell me if you
have a very favorable,
somewhat favorable,
somewhat unfavorable
or very unfavorable
opinion of Americans?
(% "Very" or "Somewhat
favorable")
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Responses for Selected Nations
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.65 In your opinion, do Large Canadian-Nigerian difference. Compare to support for Q.17.a
United States policies (US foreign aid) and also to: ODA data: cric.ca, Earnescliffe (CIDA,
increase the gap 2000), Angus Reid (1998), Opoku-Dapnah 2002, WVS 2000:E129-E139,
between rich and poor etc.
countries, lessen the
gap between rich and
poor countries, or do
United States policies
have no effect on the gap
between rich and poor
countries? (% "Lessen
gap between rich and
poor")
Q.66 In terms of solving Compare to support for Q.17.a (US foreign aid) and also to: ODA data:
world problems, does cric.ca, Earnescliffe (CIDA, 2000), Angus Reid (1998), Opoku-Dapnah
the United States do too 2002, WVS 2000:E129-E139, etc.
much, too little, or the
right amount in helping
solve world
problems? (% "Does too
much" or "Does right
amount")
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Responses for Selected Nations
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.67 Which of the following
phrases comes closer to
your view? It’s good that
American ideas and
customs are spreading
here, OR
it’s bad that American
ideas and customs are
spreading here. (%
"Good") (for USA:
"spreading around the
world")
Q.70 Which is closer to Question for Americans was "foreign music, films…". South Asia lowest
describing your view — I in support for American popular culture.
like American music,
movies and television,
OR — I dislike American
music, movies
and television. (% "I like")
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Responses for Selected Nations
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (& 185topline.pdf)
Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.71 And which comes closer Americans asked "I am proud (or not) of our country's technological and
to describing your view? I scientific advances." Cf. WVS technology response: strong support by
admire the United States Nigerians for American scientific progress.
for its technological and
scientific advances, OR
do not admire the United
States for its
technological and
scientific advances. (% "I
admire")
Q.75 In the last five years have Compare to Q.76, this implies that the United States was the destination
you traveled to another for half of all Nigerians who have traveled outside. The United Nations
country, or not? (% "Yes") Population Division estimates that during the 1990s, Nigeria's net
migration rate was -0.2%, or about 200,000 persons emigrating annually.
http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf (p.4) shows that the
American population increased by ~5,300 persons of Nigerian ancestry
annually over 1990-2000.
Q.76 Have you ever traveled to Nigeria's 6% seems improbably high, much higher than reported
the US? (% "Yes") elsewhere in Africa. Perhaps this reflects sampling bias, or other cultural
factors?
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Responses for Selected Nations
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Vari-able Definition Comments
Q.77 Do you have friends or
relatives who live in
another country that you
write to, telephone or visit
regularly? (% "Yes")
Q.78 Do any of the friends or Both Canadians and Nigerians appear to have close personal ties with
relatives you write to, Americans. There were 164,691 persons of Nigerian ancestry living in the
telephone or visit United States in 2000 (US Census. Ancestry 2000: Census 2000 Brief,
regularly live in the US? p.4), and 80% increase over the 91,499 recorded in 1990.
(% "Yes")
Q.87.a Have there been times This question doesn't consider subsistence family agricultural production?
during the last year when
you did not have enough
money…? To buy food.
(% Yes)
Q.87.b Have there been times
during the last year when
you did not have enough
money…? To pay for
medical and health care.
(% Yes)
Q.87.c Have there been times
during the last year when
you did not have enough
money…? To buy
clothing. (% Yes)
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2000 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, et al.
Instances primarily where Nigeria was 1st/2nd/3rd highest or lowest - 164 questions in total
2000 1990 Definition Cana India Niger South Tanza- United Zimba- Max. Min. Mean Nigeria Canada Topic 1990 Comments (Maximum from
Vari- Vari- da ia Africa nia States bwe % of % of (p.ix - xiii) highest to lowest; Minimum
able able (Low range range from highest to lowest)
Income
seg-
ment)
"How important is it in your life…?"
A005 V4 Importance in your life: 52 78 89 83 96 54 90 96 40 65 88% 21% Work Max: Tanz., El Salv., Philipp.,
Work important (% "very Algeria Min: Taiw., Mold., N.Irel.,
important") G.Brit., Denm.
A001 V5 Importance in your life : 94 93 99 93 93 95 97 99 61 89 100% 87% Family Max: Nigeria, Bosnia/Herz., Indon.,
Family important (% Philipp. Min: Russia, Latvia,
"very impt.) Eston., Lith., China
A002 V6 Importance in your life : 60 40 64 31 32 64 35 75 17 44 81% 74% Leisure / Max Uganda Georgia Turkey Min
Friends important (% Friends Chile Pakistan Lithuania
"very impt.)
A003 V7 Importance in your life: 38 29 52 25 12 43 28 66 5 33 77% 54% Leisure / Max: Venez., El Salv., Brazil, Swe.,
Leisure important (% Friends Chile, Neth. Min Tanz., Egypt,
"very impt.) China, Vietn., Pak.
A006 V9 Importance in your life: 30 57 93 71 85 57 78 98 3 40 95% 28% Religion Max: Indon., Egypt, Jord., Moroc.,
Religion important (% Nigeria, S.Africa, Turkey, Brazil
"very impt.) Min: Den., Cze., Japan, Estonia,
China
B008? V16 Environment vs.
unemployment: "to
combat unemployment
… we have to accept
environmental problems"
B003? V17 Environment: not urgent.
(% "strongly agree" or
"agree")
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A008 V18 Happiness: "taking all 44 26 67 31 57 39 20 67 4 27 100% 63% Emotions Max: Nigeria:67,
things together, would Tanz/Mex/Ven:57, El Salv:56,
you say you are very Viet:49 Min:
happy, quite happy, not Armen./Mold/Russ/Ukr:6,
very happy, or not at all Belar./Latv:5, Romania:4
happy" (% "very happy") Nigeria Male 66 Female 67
Education: Low 62 Medium 70
Upper 70 Income: 61,67,74 Age:
70,64,58 S.Africa: Income:
31,37,49 Age 49
45 Educ: 35,43,37. NOTE that
Ngn sample is under-30
predominant. Global Sample
(N=81 ctry): Age: 30/26/23 Educ:
25,26,30 Inc.: 22,27,30
"Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, how important has been the following reason in your own case?"
V55 Why volunteer?
Solidarity: "a sense of
solidarity with the poor
and disadvantaged" (%
"very important")
V56 Why volunteer?
Compassion:
"compassion for those in
need" (% "very
important")
V58 Why volunteer? Sense
of duty, moral obligation
(% "very important")
A086? V59 Why volunteer? "Identify
with people who are
suffering" (% "very
important")
V61 Why volunteer?
"Personal satisfaction"
(% "very important")
V62 Why volunteer?
"Religious beliefs" (%
"very important")
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V63 Why volunteer? "To
help give disadvantaged
people hope/dignity" (%
"very important")
V64 Why volunteer? "To
make a contribution to
my local community" (%
"very important")
V65 Why volunteer? "To
bring about social or
political change" (% "very
important")
V68 Why volunteer? "I did
not want to, but couldn't
refuse" (% "very
important")
Which groups of people would you not like to have as neighbours?
A124 V69 Undesirable neigbhours? 45 48 79 55 39 54 75 97 1 55 81% 46% Society and Max: Alb.,Tanz.,Jord.,Bos/Herz.
Criminals (% nation MinFrance Switzerland Bangl.
"mentioned") 2000: Egypt Iran
''People with a criminal
record''
A125 V70 Undesirable neigbhours? 3 42 30 25 17 8 20 72 2 16 40% 1% Society and Max: Bangl., Egypt, India,
People of a different race nation Indon.S.Korea Min Icel., New
(% "mentioned") Zeal., Swe., Colomb.
A130 V78 Undesirable neigbhours? 12 39 68 29 33 17 30 96 1 37 71% 12% Gender and Max: Jord., S.Kor., Azer., Armen.,
People who have AIDS Sexuality Turk., Maroc. Min Swed.,
(% "mentioned") Denmark, Bangl.,Egyp.,Iran
A009 V83 How would you describe 82 63 90 73 64 84 63 90 30 67 100% 87% Health Max: Nigeria:90, Switzerland:85,
your state of health these USA:84, Jord:82, Can: 82 Min
days? (% "very good" or Peru Georg. Taiw. Algeria
"good") Moldova. Nigeria: Male Female
Education Low 89 Med 89 Up 90
Income Lo 86 Mid 93 Up 91
During the past few weeks, did you ever feel…
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2000 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, et al.
V84 In past few weeks, did
you feel… Particularly
excited (% "yes")
V88 In past few weeks, did
you feel… Pleased
about having
accomplished something
(% "yes")
V91 In past few weeks, did
you feel… Depressed or
very unhappy (% "yes")
V92 In past few weeks, did
you feel… Feel "going
your way"
A165 V94 Generally speaking, 39 41 26 16 8 36 12 67 3 28 36% 56% Individual Max: Den(67), Swe(66), Iran (65),
would you say that most Norw. (65), Neth. (60) Min:
people can be trusted or Roman., Port., Phil., Tanz., Uga.,
that you can't be too Braz. (3)
careful in dealing with
people? (% "most
people can be trusted")
A168 nil Do you think most 67 41 29 33 47 62 33 87 17 43 17% 71% Individual Max: Sweden (87), China (80),
people would try to take Vietnam/Philippines (72),
advantage of you if they Canada/Indonesia (67), Iran (66),
got a chance, or would U.S.A. (62) Min: Chile/Nigeria
they try to be fair? % (29), Morocco (28), Peru (27),
"Try to be fair" Uganda (23), Turkey (18), Moldova
(17)
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A173 V95 Some people feel they 77 22 67 41 41 82 83 11 58 78% 92% Individual Max: Puerto Rico (83),
have completely free USA/Venezuela (82), Iceland (81),
choice and control over Mexico (79) Min: Bangladesh
their lives, while other (33), India (22), Pakistan (11)
people feel that what
they do has no real effect
on what happens to
them. Please use this
scale where 1 means
"none at all" and 10
means "a great deal" to
indicate how much
freedom of choice and
control you feel you have
over the way your life
turns out. (% "7-10")
A170 V96 All things considered, 81 28 64 21 21 79 18 90 10 56 68% 89% Individual Max: Neth., Iceland, Malta, Denm.,
how satisfied are you Irel., Puerto Rico Min Belarus,
with your life as a whole Tanz., Armen., Moldov., Zimb.,
these days? (% Pak. Nigeria Educ Lo 57 Med
"satisfied", 7-10 out of 65 Hi 72 Inc 54 63 80 M 63 F
10) 65 Uganda : 36 Global sample :
56 (1990: 62) M:56 F: 56 Age:
57,55,56 Educ.: 51,55,65 Inc.:
45,54,65
E190_2 V97 Why are there people in na na na na na na na 50 7 24 na na Society and Max: Malta, Czech., Port. Min Fra.,
this country who live in nation Lith., Swe.
need? (% "Because of
laziness and lack of will
power")
Here are some aspects of a job that people say are important. Which ones do you personally think are important in a job?
C011 V99 Important job aspect? 76 92 97 94 89 89 88 98 54 82 98% 50% Work Max: Moroc., Jord., Nigeria Min
Good pay (% Swe., Tai., Braz., Den.
"mentioned")
C022_1 V100 Important job aspect? na na na na na na na 97 32 71 na na Work
Pleasant people (%
"mentioned")
C012 V101 Important job aspect? 28 54 64 50 55 38 27 94 8 42 65% 23% Work Max: Moroc., Turk., S.Kor., Indon.
No pressure (% Min Russ., Peru, Denm., Fra. Latv.
"mentioned")
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C013 V102 Important job aspect? 65 91 82 82 79 72 81 98 29 71 98% 50% Work Max.: Moroc., Turk., Bangl., S.Kor.
Job security (% Min Colum., Belar., Neth.
"mentioned")
C023_1 V103 Important job aspect? na na na na na na na 74 17 40 na na Work
Promotions (%
"mentioned")
C014 V104 Important job aspect? 36 72 71 43 64 46 39 94 11 40 72% 30% Work Max: Turk., Moroc., Jord., Bangl.
"A job respected by Min: G.B., Norw., Slov., Lith.
people in general" (% Denm.
"mentioned")
C015 V105 Important job aspect? 47 66 67 73 61 66 54 93 11 53 68% 44% Work Max: Turk., Jord., Moroc., Indon.
Good hours (% Min: Den., Cze., Georg., Latv.,
"mentioned") Colomb.
C016 V106 Important job aspect? 50 64 na 40 61 62 34 91 14 50 na 47% Work Max: Turk., Moroc., Jord., Bangl.,
"An opportunity to use Indon. Min: Serb., Georg., Latv.
initiative" (%
"mentioned")
C024_1 V107 Important job aspect? na na na na na na na 98 22 42 na na Work
"A useful job to society"
C017 V108 Important job aspect? 26 56 49 35 51 37 39 85 5 32 55% 26% Work Max: S.Kor., Moroc., Jap. Min:
"Generous holidays" Nor., Latv., Colomb.
C025_1 V109 Important job aspect? na na na na na na na 88 23 49 na na Work
Meet people (%
"mentioned")
C018 V110 Important job aspect? 73 69 82 65 68 84 61 94 31 62 81% 67% Work Max: Turk., Jord., Moroc., S.Kor.
"A job in which you feel Min: Latv., Belar., China
you can achieve
something" (%
"mentioned")
C019 V111 Important job aspect? 43 73 84 65 55 55 41 95 14 50 86% 36% Work Max: Indon., Jord., S.Kor., Bangl.,
"A responsible job" (% Moroc., Nigeria Min: Eston., Latv.,
"mentioned") Belar.
C020 V112 Important job aspect? 70 75 82 65 49 82 57 94 12 64 85% 71% Work Max: Moroc., Jord., Slov. Bangl.
Job interesting (% Min: Braz., China, Colomb.
"mentioned")
C021 V113 Important job aspect? 52 77 79 56 65 62 55 96 24 64 76% 39% Work Max: Turkey, S.Korea, Jord.,
Meets one's abilities (% Moroc., Indon. Min: G.B., Alban.,
"mentioned") Colomb.
Why work?
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V118 Why work? "The more I
get paid, the more I do"
(% "mentioned")
V119 Why work? "I will
always do the best I can,
regardless of pay" (%
"mentioned")
V120 Why work?
Necessity."Working for a
living is a necessity; I
wouldn't work if I didn't
have to" (% "mentioned")
V121 Why work?
Enjoyment."I enjoy
working but I don't let it
interfere with the rest of
my life"
V122 Why work? Most
important. "I enjoy my
work; it's the most
important thing in my life"
C059 V125 Is it fair for workers who 84 63 77 51 76 91 59 87 54 81 70% 91% Work Max: Egy., Cze., Moroc., Armen.,
are efficient to be paid Viet., Russ. Min: Ind., Arg., S.Afr.,
more? (% "fair") Zimb., Norway
C060B V126 "Owners should run their 52 26 48 38 26 59 51 64 16 39 67% 75% Work Max: Uganda, N.Zeal., U.S.A,
own businesses, or Philip. Min.: Iran, Mold.,
appoint the managers" Bosn/Herz., S.Kor.
(% agree)
C061 V127 Always follow your 31 39 43 43 28 20 47 78 10 42 49% 31% Work Max: Braz., Jord., China, Armen.
superior's instructions Min: USA, Urug., Georgia, Japan
even you do not fully
agree (% agree) (2000:
…only when one is
convinced they are right.
C006 V132 How satisfied are you 64 26 54 10 16 58 13 81 5 37 64% 78% Economy Max: Colum.(81), Swit.(72),
with the financial Puer.Rico (69), Canada(64), Nor.
situation of your (60), Mex.(58), USA(58) Min:
household? (% Turk.(16), Tanz.(16), Serb.(15),
"satisfied") Mold.(14), Zimb.(13), Arm.(13),
Georg.(9), Pak.(5)
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F001 V133 How often do you think 52 36 56 49 84 58 70 84 22 48 55% 48% Religion Max: Tanz., Puer.Rico, Moroc.,
about the meaning and Georg., Colomb., Zimb. Min:
purpose of life? (% Japan, G.B., Spain, Germany
"often")
V134 How often do you think of
death? (% "often")
V135 God Exists "Life is only
meaningful because God
exists" (% agree)
V136 Get the Best "The
meaning of life is that
you try to get the best
out of it"
V138 Belief in God "Death has
meaning only if you
believe in God" (%
agree)
V140 Sorrow. "Sorrow and
suffering only have
meaning if you believe in
God" (% agree)
V141 "Life has no meaning" (%
agree)
V142 Good/Evil "There are
absolutely clear
guidelines about what is
good and evil. These
always apply to
everyone, whatever the
circumstances" (%
agree)
V146 Were you brought up
religiously at home? (%
yes)
F028 V147 Attendance. How often 36 51 95 67 87 60 81 95 3 41 100% 36% Religion Max: Nigeria, Pak., Uganda, Malta,
do you attend religious Tanz., Zimb., Phil., Poland Min:
services these days? (% Iceland, Denm., Fra., Cze., Eston.,
"once a month" or more) Swe., Russia, China
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F032_1 V149 Important to hold a na na na na na na na 98 40 75 na na Religion Max: Roman., Malta, Croat.,
religious service for…? Poland, Irel. Min. Swe., Bela.,
Marriage (% "yes) Russ., Neth., Cze.
F034 V151 Would you say you are a 74 79 97 74 94 83 89 99 15 72 98% 70% Religion Max: Egy., Nigeria, Bang., Iran,
religious person? (% Moro., Pol., Tanz., Ugan. Min:
"yes") G.B., Swe., Viet., S.Kor., Bela.,
Jap., China
Generally speaking, do you think your church is giving adequate answers to the…
F035 V152 Can the church provide 51 33 79 73 80 58 87 97 20 58 77% 40% Religion Max: Moro., Egy., Alger., Uga.,
answers to … Moral Zimb. Min: G.B., Irel., Swe., Den.,
problems and needs of Jap.
the individual?
F036 V153 Can the church provide 48 27 79 75 81 61 88 97 15 53 78% 40% Religion Max: Moro., Alg., Zimb., Egy., Uga.
answers to … Problems Min: Lux., Swe., Jap., Den.
of family life (% "yes")
F037 V154 Can the church provide 72 43 85 84 91 75 91 98 34 73 80% 59% Religion Max: Alger., Moro., Egy., Zimb.,
answers to … Spiritual Tanz. Min: Neth., Belg., Lux.,
needs (% "yes") India, Jap.
F038 V155 Can the church provide 35 29 73 60 74 46 72 91 7 41 79% 33% Religion Max: Moroc., Egy., Alger., Tanz.,
answers to … Social Nigeria, Zimb. Min: Cze., Bulg.,
problems facing our Eston., Denm., Jap.
country (% "yes")
Do you think it is proper for churches to speak out on…
V157 Should churches speak
out on… Abortion (%
"yes")
V158 Should churches speak
out on… Third World
Problems (% "yes")
V159 Should churches speak
out on… Extramarital
affairs (% "yes")
V160 Should churches speak
out on… Unemployment
(% "yes")
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V161 Should churches speak
out on… Racial
discrimination (% "yes")
V163 Should churches speak
out on… Homosexuality
(% "yes")
V164 Should churches speak
out on… Ecology (%
"yes")
V165 Should churches speak
out on… Government (%
"yes")
Which, if any, do you believe in?
F050 V166 Do you believe in… God 89 95 100 99 99 96 99 100 19 86 100% 86% Religion Max: Moroc., Pak., Egy., Alger.,
(% "yes") Jord., Nigeria, Bangl., Indon. Min:
Swe., Jap., Eston., Cze., Viet.
F051 V167 Do you believe in… Life 73 66 88 73 87 81 75 100 16 64 86% 68% Religion Max: Pak., Egy., Alg., Moro.,
after death (% "yes") Indon., Iran Min: Hung., Slov.,
Serb., Monten., Viet.
F052 V168 Do you believe in… A 91 81 97 90 98 96 93 100 34 85 95% 86% Religion Max: Mor., Pak., Egy., Jord.,
soul (% "yes") Bangl., Alger. Min: Nor., Viet.,
Monten., Serb.
V169 Do you believe in… The Religion
Devil (% "yes")
F053 V170 Do you believe in… Hell 50 69 94 54 96 75 79 100 10 53 93% 44% Religion Max: Pak., Egy., Indon., Jord., Alg.
(% "yes") Min: Belg, Neth., Cze., Den., Swe.
F054 V171 Do you believe in… 74 72 99 88 93 88 93 100 17 64 99% 69% Religion Max:Pak., Egy., Alger., Moro. Min:
Heaven (% "yes") Den., Serb., Viet., Nigeria
F055_1 V172 Do you believe in… Sin na na na na na na na 96 21 65 na na Religion Max: Turk., El Salv., Malta,
(% "yes") Roman. Min: Fra., Neth., Swe.,
Den.
Nil 2000 V173 Do you believe in… Religion
Resurrection of the dead
(% "yes")
F057_1 V174 Do you believe in… na na na na na na na 44 12 32 na na Religion Max: Lith., Icel. Min: Slov., N.Irel.,
Reincarnation (% "yes") Malta
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F062_1 V175 Do you believe in… na na na na na na na 83 7 42 na na Religion Max: Pol., Port., Malta, Ital. Min:
"There is a personal Swe., Est., Latv.,Cze.
God" (% "yes")
F063 V176 "How important is God in 67 88 97 89 96 83 95 100 20 66 96% 59% Religion Max: Pak., Jord., Moro., Indon.,
your life?" (% "very Alg., El Salv. Min: Jap. Fra., Swe.,
important") Eston., Den., Cze.
F064 V177 Do you find you get 63 85 98 90 96 80 93 100 26 71 97% 50% Religion Max: Egy., Jord., Moro., Indon.,
comfort and strength Alger., Bangl., Nigeria, Iran, Tanz.
from religion? (% "yes") Min: Jap. Fra., Swe., Den., Viet.,
Cze.
F065 V178 Do you take some 80 88 na 89 97 89 92 97 30 69 na 75% Religion Max: Phil., Tanz., Bangl., Ugan.,
moment of prayer, Roman., Turk. Min: Jap., Cze.,
meditation, etc. (% Bulg., Russ., Viet.
"yes")
F066 V179 How often do you pray 49 62 na 74 87 74 78 87 9 48 na 51% Religion Max: Tanz., Puer.Rico, Phil.,
outside of religious Ugan., Turk., Bangl. Min: Denm.,
services? (% "often" or Eston., Czech., Viet.
"sometimes")
V180 Overall, how satisfied are Family
you with your home life?
(% "satisfied" 7-10 out of
10)
You and your partner share moral,
relig, polit, social values? Nigeria
mid-way
Do you and your parents share the same attitudes toward…
V190 Do you and your parents Family
share the same attitude
toward… Religion (%
"yes")
V191 Do you and your parents Family
share the same attitude
toward… Moral attitudes
(% "yes")
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V192 Do you and your parents Family
share the same attitude
toward… Social attitudes
(% "yes")
How important for a successful marriage is …?
D027_1 V198 How important for a na na na na na na na 97 61 82 na na Family
successful marriage is…
Faithfulness (% "very
important")
D028_1 V199 How important for a na na na na na na na 84 5 37 na na Family Max: Turk. Min: Denm.
successful marriage is…
Adequate income (%
"very important")
D029_1 V200 How important for a na na na na na na na 65 6 16 na na Family Max: Turk. Min: Denm.
successful marriage is…
Same social background
(% "very important")
D030_1 V201 How important for a na na na na na na na 97 53 83 na na Family Max: Malta, Ice. Min: Russ., Port.,
successful marriage is… Lith.
Mutual respect and
appreciation (% "very
important")
D031_1 V202 How important for a na na na na na na na 74 9 21 na na Family
successful marriage is…
Shared religious beliefs
(% "very important")
D032_1 V203 How important for a na na na na na na na 62 18 37 na na Family Max: Ukr. Min: Finl.
successful marriage is…
Good housing (% "very
important")
D033_1 V204 How important for a na na na na na na na 49 2 8 na na Family
successful marriage is…
Agreement on politics (%
"very important")
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D034_1 V205 How important for a na na na na na na na 94 42 77 na na Family
successful marriage is…
Understanding and
tolerance (% "very
important")
D035_1 V206 How important for a na na na na na na na 69 18 44 na na Family
successful marriage is…
Living apart from your in-
laws (% "very important")
D036_1 V207 How important for a na na na na na na na 84 37 60 na na Family Max: Turk. Min: Lith.
successful marriage is…
Happy sexual
relationship (% "very
important")
D037_1 V208 How important for a na na na na na na na 60 18 37 na na Family Max Turk. Min: Eston.
successful marriage is…
Share household chores
(% "very important")
D038_1 V209 How important for a na na na na na na na 84 36 63 na na Family Max: Ukr. Min: Denm.
successful marriage is…
Children (% "very
important")
V210 How important for a Family
successful marriage is…
Tastes and interests in
common (% "very
important")
D017 V213 Ideal number of children 56 73 6 41 18 56 15 91 6 48 0% 59% Family Max: Bang., Viet., Iran, India, Peru
(% two or fewer) Min: Ugan., Tanz., Zimb., Jord.,
Nigeria (Bangladesh has highest
country popn. density)
D018 V214 A child needs a home 72 96 97 92 97 64 98 99 60 89 95% 31% Family Max: Bang., Alb., Egyp., Zimb.,
with both a father and a Moro., Pak. Min: Neth., USA,
mother to grow up Finl., Swe.
happily (% "tend to
agree")
D019 V215 A woman has to have 19 85 92 63 85 15 77 98 7 61 93% 13% Gender and Max: Paki., Bang., Hung., Indon.
children in order to be Sexuality Min: N.Z., Irel., USA, Finl, Neth.
fulfilled (% "agree")
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D022 V216 Marriage is an outdated 22 20 15 41 8 10 11 95 1 18 15% 22% Family Max: Min:
institution (% "agree")
D023 V217 A woman can have a 45 10 18 29 15 42 7 82 0 35 22% 55% Gender and Max: Ice., Colo., Chile, Spain,
child as a single parent if Sexuality Croat. Min: Indon., Bang., Iran,
she doesn't want a stable Moro., Jord., China, Pak.
relationship with a man
(% "approve")
D056 V218 Working mother 78 62 74 79 74 79 73 95 18 74 73% 78% Family Max: Japan Finland China Min: El
relationship (can Salvador Egypt Pakistan
establish as warm and
secure a relationship with
their children as non-
working mothers)
%"Strongly agree" or
"Agree"
D062_1 V220 "Most women want a na na na na na na na 94 18 62 na na Gender and
home and children" (% Sexuality
"strongly agree" or
"agree")
D057 V221 "Being a housewife is 82 64 44 55 43 80 66 90 23 65 31% 88% Gender and Max: China, Jap., S.Kor. …
just as fulfilling as Sexuality Canada 8th-highest Min: Latv.,
working for pay" (% Ugan., Bang., Indon.
"strongly agree" or
"agree")
D058 V223 "Both the husband and 75 84 90 88 89 69 92 98 38 83 87% 62% Gender and Max: China, Viet., Alba., Braz. Min:
wife should contribute to Sexuality N.Z., Jap., Lux., Neth.
household income" (%
"strongly agree" or
"agree")
A025 V224 "One must always love 79 89 94 86 91 77 96 99 32 82 93% 70% Family Max: Viet., Puer.Rico, Moro.,
and respect one's Zimb., Egyp., China Min: Ice.,
parents" (% "tend to Lux., Germ., Nor., Swe., Neth.
agree")
A026 V225 "Parents' duty is to do 82 79 86 82 78 86 91 94 39 75 85% 78% Family Max: Egy., Pak., Puer.Rico, Malta,
their best for their Zimb., Venez., Croat. Min: Eston.,
children even at the Gree., Russ., S.Kor., Bela., Jap.,
expense of their own well- Lith.
being" (% "agree")
At home, children should be encouraged to learn…
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A027 V226 Children should learn at na na 95 na na na na 97 34 76 97% na Family Max: Croat., Jord., Nigeria, Turk.,
home… Good manners G.Brit. Min: Pol., Ukr., Azer.,
(% "mentioned") Braz., Lith.
A029 V227 Children should learn at 62 56 26 54 42 61 26 89 13 52 17% 64% Family Max: Norw., Croat., Jap., Denm.,
home… Independence Bang. Min: Jord., Pol., Eston.,
(% "mentioned") Braz., Pak.
A030 V228 Children should learn at 53 85 80 79 83 61 85 95 2 56 84% 55% Family Max: Croat., Belar., Russ., Ukr.,
home… Hard work (% Mold., Lith. Min: Finl., Nor., Austr.,
"mentioned") Swe., Denm. Esmer(2004:57):
Nigeria : Muslim: 78% Christian:
81% Tanzania : Muslim: 84%
Catholic: 83% Protestant: 84%
A032 V229 Children should learn at 77 68 33 56 41 72 48 94 33 72 0% 72% Family Max: Croat., S.Kor., Norw., Jap.,
home… Feeling of Venez., Neth. Min: Bang., Ugand.,
responsibility (% Egy., Pak., Zimb., Tan., Nigeria
"mentioned") (Transp. Intl. Corruption perception
correlation) culture of impunity
A034 V230 Children should learn at 33 28 11 22 61 30 11 72 3 21 12% 43% Family Max: Croat., Tanz., Swe., G.Brit.,
home… Imagination (% Denm. Min: 7: Pak., Latv., Rus.,
"mentioned") Cze., Malta, 5: Jord., Lith., 3: Slov.
A035 V231 Children should learn at 81 63 59 73 84 77 78 93 48 70 24% 73% Family Max: Croat., Swe., Neth., Denm.,
home… Fra., Icel., Tanz. Min: Ugan.,
Tolerance/Respect (% Georg., Alger., Pak., Gree., Armen.
"mentioned")
A038 V232 Children should learn at 27 62 10 41 54 53 21 85 8 36 3% 25% Family Max: Croat., S.Kor., India, Azer.,
home… Thrift (% Bang. Min: Norw., Dom.Rep.,
"mentioned") 2000: Ugan., Nigeria, Denm., Egypt
''Saving money and Esmer(2004:57): Nigeria: Muslim:
things'' 11% Protestant: 10%
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A039 V233 Children should learn at 48 46 23 42 57 45 35 93 9 37 17% 46% Family Max: Croat., Jap. Arm., Tanz.,
home… Determination Bulg. Min: Jord., China, Moro., El
(% "mentioned") Salv., Egy. Esmer(2004:57):
Nigeria: Muslim: 19%
Protestant: 25% Difference is
significant at p 49
34
V19-V52 all "na" for Nigeria, India,
S.Africa (questions refer to
Voluntary Organisations in Third
World Development, Environment,
Youth, Women, Animal Rights,
Social Welfare, etc.
"Thinking about your reasons for doing voluntary work, how important has been the following reason in your own case?"
V55 Why volunteer? Solidarity: "a 48 na 84 na 45 84 26 51 100% 38% Society and Max Nigeria Chile Brazil Min 62%
sense of solidarity with the poor nation Norway Japan Estonia Denmark
and disadvantaged" (% "very
important")
V56 Why volunteer? Compassion: 71 na 92 na 76 92 16 57 100% 72% Emotions Max Nigeria Brazil USA 28%
"compassion for those in need" E.Germany Canada Min
(% "very important") Netherlands Norway Japan Estonia
Denmark
V58 Why volunteer? Sense of duty, 67 na 89 na 68 89 40 62 100% 55% Work Max Nigeria Lithuania Bulgaria 45%
moral obligation (% "very Latvia Min Denmark Sweden
important") Portugal Japan Norway
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V59 Why volunteer? "Identify with 57 na 88 na 58 88 21 52 100% 54% Emotions Max Nigeria E.Germany Brazil 46%
people who are suffering" (% Latvia Min Sweden Slovenia
"very important") Norway Denmark
V61 Why volunteer? "Personal 45 na 63 na 43 69 11 40 90% 59% Emotions Max Brazil Lithuania Nigeria 31%
satisfaction" (% "very Min China Netherlands Sweden
important") Norway
V62 Why volunteer? "Religious 44 na 84 na 60 84 7 31 100% 48% Religion Max Nigeria Chile Brazil USA Min 52%
beliefs" (% "very important") Slovenia Estonia Denmark China
V63 Why volunteer? "To help give 63 na 86 na 65 86 24 54 100% 63% Emotions Max Nigeria Brazil Chile Lithuania 37%
disadvantaged people Min Estonia Netherlands Japan
hope/dignity" (% "very Denmark
important")
V64 Why volunteer? "To make a 67 na 87 na 69 87 36 57 100% 61% Society and Max Nigeria Ireland Bulgaria 39%
contribution to my local nation Argentina Min Austria W.Germany
community" (% "very Romania Lithuania
important")
V65 Why volunteer? "To bring 40 na 61 na 42 64 21 37 93% 44% Govern- Max Bulg Russia Nigeria Min 49%
about social or political change" ment and Japan Irelan Britain N.Ireland
(% "very important") Politics Netherlands
V68 Why volunteer? "I did not want 12 na 31 na 14 36 5 15 84% 23% Work Max Brazil Nigeria Latvia Romania 61%
to, but couldn't refuse" (% "very Min Netherlands Italy Ireland
important") Iceland
Which groups of people would you not like to have as neighbours?
V69 Undesirable neigbhours? 42 93 80 na 50 93 7 49 85% 41% Society and Max India Nigeria Turkey Hungary 44%
Criminals (% "mentioned") nation Min Denmark Iceland France
Switzerland
V70 Undesirable neigbhours? 5 35 31 na 9 58 2 16 52% 5% Society and Max S.Korea Slovenia Bulgaria 46%
People of a different race (% nation India Min Brazil Canada Argentina
"mentioned") Switzerland
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V78 Undesirable neigbhours? 21 93 79 na 28 93 4 44 84% 19% Gender and Max India Nigeria Turkey Lithuania 65%
People who have AIDS (% Sexuality MinFrance Netherlands Denmark
"mentioned") S.Korea
V83 How would your describe you 80 63 78 55 79 82 26 59 93% 96% Health Max Ireland Switzerland Canada 4%
state of health these days? (% USA Nigeria Denmark Min Latvia
"very good" or "good") Hungary Moscow Belarus Russia
Nigeria Male 77 Female 81
Education Low 84 Med 75 Up 79
Income 71 Mid 82 Up 84. Global
(N=43) M 63 F 55; Age 73,63,43;
Edu. 49,64,66; Inc. 49,61,68
During the past few weeks, did you ever feel…
V84 In past few weeks, did you 72 53 71 47 67 79 28 55 84% 86% Emotions Max Poland Canada Nigeria Min 2%
feel… Particularly excited (% Switzerland Spain Japan
"yes")
Nigeria was 22/(05-37) mean 19
for "Lonely"; 73/(37-93) mean 70
for "Pleased", 32/(05-66) mean 27
for "Bored"; 49/(08-77) mean 35 for
"top of the world"
V88 In past few weeks, did you 85 45 72 41 84 93 37 70 63% 86% Emotions Max E.Germany Sweden 23%
feel… Pleased about having W.Germany Finland Min India
accomplished something (% Spain Japan
"yes")
V89 In past few weeks, did you 29 28 32 43 32 66 5 27 44% 39% Emotions Max Turkey Estonia Brazil Min 5%
feel… Bored (% "yes") Hungary Austria Switzerland
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V91 In past few weeks, did you 17 25 37 45 19 56 7 23 61% 20% Emotions Max Turkey E.Germ. W.Germ. 41%
feel… Depressed or very Nigeria S.Afr. Min Slov. Swed
unhappy (% "yes") Icel. Switz Nigerian Male 39
Female 34
V92 In past few weeks, did you 70 35 58 31 72 84 15 49 62% 80% Emotions Max Iceland Turkey Sweden USA 17%
feel… Feel "going your way" Min Switzerland Latvia Czech.
Japan
V94 Generally speaking, would you 52 35 23 30 52 66 7 35 27% 76% Society and Max Swed Norw Finl China Min 49%
say that most people can be nation Slov Roman. Turk Brazil
trusted or that you can't be too
careful in dealing with people?
(% "most people can be
trusted")
V95 Some people feel they have 77 50 57 45 77 79 28 57 57% 96% Individual Max: Finaldn, Canada/U.S.A., 39%
completely free choice and N.Ireland, Sweden Min: Turkey,
control over their lives, while Japan, Bulgaria
other people feel that what they
do has no real effect on what
happens to them. Please use
this scale where 1 means "none
at all" and 10 means "a great
deal" to indicate how much
freedom of choice and control
you feel you have over the way
your life turns out. (% 7-10/10)
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Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V96 All things considered, how 84 53 54 32 81 86 25 62 48% 97% Individual Max Denmark Switz Neth Iceland 49%
satisfied are you with your life Canada Min Bulgaria Japan
as a whole these days? (% Turkey Belarus Nigeria Educ
"satisfied", 7-10 out of 10) Lo 60 Med 55 Hi 52 Inc 41 58
65 M 49 F 62
V97 Why are there people in this 32 40 24 15 40 43 11 27 41% 66% Society and Max Latv Belar Pol. S.Afr. Min 25%
country who live in need? (% nation Icel. N.Irel. Austria Finland
"Because of laziness and lack
of will power")
Here are some aspects of a job that people say are important. Which ones do you personally think are important in a job?
V99 Important job aspect? Good 76 87 93 87 86 93 18 75 100% 77% Work Min. S.Korea 23%
pay (% "mentioned")
V100 Important job aspect? 73 69 85 39 74 93 14 69 90% 75% Work Max Netherlands Min S Korea 15%
Pleasant people (%
"mentioned")
V101 Important job aspect? No 28 48 64 38 33 78 8 35 80% 29% Work Max Turkey Min France 51%
pressure (% "mentioned")
V102 Important job aspect? Job 67 74 88 67 72 88 22 58 100% 68% Work Min Latvia 32%
security (% "mentioned")
V103 Important job aspect? 49 72 89 35 58 89 2 36 100% 54% Work 46%
Promotions (% "mentioned")
V104 Important job aspect? "A job 36 59 74 23 44 87 7 40 84% 36% Work Min Korea 48%
respected by people in general"
(% "mentioned")
V105 Important job aspect? Good 52 55 80 na 55 88 11 48 90% 53% Work 36%
hours (% "mentioned")
V106 Important job aspect? "An 54 54 82 18 52 82 15 47 100% 58% Work 42%
opportunity to use initiative" (%
"mentioned")
V107 Important job aspect? "A 41 60 83 23 42 90 20 45 90% 30% Work Max Turkey Min Finland 60%
useful job to society"
V108 Important job aspect? 26 28 51 12 31 53 8 30 96% 40% Work Max Belarus Min S Korea 56%
"Generous holidays"
V109 Important job aspect? Meet 42 45 68 na 38 71 16 45 95% 47% Work Max Netherlands Min N. Ireland 47%
people (% "mentioned")
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Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V110 Important job aspect? "A job in 74 61 91 na 71 91 24 56 100% 75% Work Min. S Korea 25%
which you feel you can achieve
something" (% "mentioned")
V111 Important job aspect? "A 56 65 84 24 56 84 12 43 100% 61% Work 39%
responsible job" (%
"mentioned")
V112 Important job aspect? Job 72 64 83 na 69 83 7 60 100% 86% Work Min S Korea 14%
interesting (% "mentioned")
V113 Important job aspect? Meets 56 67 86 28 57 90 31 57 93% 42% Work Max Turkey Min S Korea 51%
one's abilities (% "mentioned")
V115 Important job aspect? Pride in 74 51 65 40 38 88 8 44 71% 83% Work Max U.S. Britain N.Ireland Min 11%
work (% "mentioned") Czech. Estonia Latvia
"V86 Feel proud during past few
weeks" 50/(12-74) mean 41; V115
"take pride in the work you do"
65/(08-88) mean 44; Job
satisfaction, % satisfied (7-10)
68/(36-88) mean 67
V95 "How much freedom of choice
and control you have over the way
your life turns out" 57/(28-79)
mean 57; V117 How free are you
to make decisions at your job?
64/32-79 mean 58
Why work?
V118 Why work? "The more I get 9 21 27 7 12 27 2 14 100% 28% Work Max Nigeria Belarus Bulgaria Min 72%
paid, the more I do" (% Britain Iceland Netherlands ;
"mentioned") Nigeria Income Lo 25 Med 26 Hi
31
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Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V119 Why work? "I will always do 37 52 2 9 34 58 2 34 0% 63% Work Max Finland, Norway; Min Poland, 63%
the best I can, regardless of Latvia, Bulgaria, Brazil, Nigeria
pay" (% "mentioned") NOTE Nigeria 00-04 for all Educ
& Income segments
V120 Why work? 27 19 2 6 34 34 2 19 0% 78% Work Max USA Russia Bulgari Spain 78%
Necessity."Working for a living Min Netherlands, S.Africa, Poland,
is a necessity; I wouldn't work if Nigeria (Nigeria segments all 00-
I didn't have to" (% 04)
"mentioned")
V121 Why work? Enjoyment."I enjoy 48 44 1 8 42 67 1 31 0% 71% Work Max Denmark, Norway, Sweden, 71%
working but I don't let it interfere Canada Min Slovenia, S.Africa,
with the rest of my life" Turkey, Nigeria
V122 Why work? Most important. "I 16 65 1 na 16 65 1 14 0% 23% Work Max India, China, Slovenia, Brazil 23%
enjoy my work; it's the most Min Estonia, Spain, France,
important thing in my life" Nigeria
V125 Is it fair for workers who are 82 78 80 na 86 97 44 79 68% 72% Work Max Chjna E.Germany Latvia 4%
efficient to be paid more? (% Min Swed Japan Norway Czech
"fair")
V126 "Owners should run their own 53 22 53 38 57 57 9 36 92% 92% Work Max USA N.Irel. Nigeria Canada 0%
businesses, or appoint the Switz. Min. China Poland Russia
managers" (% agree) Belarus
V127 Always follow your superior's 52 25 38 na 62 62 8 32 56% 81% Work Max US Nov. N.Irel. Canada 26%
instructions even you do not Min Latv Eston Slov Lith.
fully agree (% agree)
V132 How satisfied are you with the 68 47 38 12 62 83 17 46 32% 77% Economy Max Switz, Neth, Belg, Canada 45%
financial situation of your Min Turkey Latvia Bulgaria ;
household? (% "satisfied") NIGERIA: Educ: 39 37 38 Income
21 41 58
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V133 How often do you think about 43 34 59 54 48 59 21 38 100% 58% Religion Max Nigeria, S.Africa, Argentina, 42%
the meaning and purpose of Chile, US Min Denmark Austria
life? (% "often") Spain Sweden Japan
V134 How often do you think of 21 12 44 na 21 44 2 19 100% 45% Religion Max Nigeria Turkey Italy Chile 55%
death? (% "often") Min India Swed Jap Slovenia
China
V135 God Exists "Life is only 34 61 92 na 61 92 11 100% 28% Religion Max Nigeria China Brazil N.Irel. 72%
meaningful because God Min Japan Bulgaria Sweden
exists" (% agree) Estonia
V136 Get the Best "The meaning of 83 86 77 na 84 94 33 77 72% 82% Religion Max Neth Norway Hungary Britain 10%
life is that you try to get the best Min Finland Belarus Russia
out of it"
V137 Death is inevitable - it is 85 79 82 na 81 96 36 77 77% 82% Religion Max Chile Iceland Hungary 5%
pointless to worry about it (% Min W.Germany Japan Lithuania
"agree")
V138 Belief in God "Death has 35 43 81 na 49 81 11 35 100% 34% Religion Min Sweden Estonia Japan 66%
meaning only if you believe in
God" (% agree)
V139 Belief in God "Death is a 86 77 87 na 83 93 62 84 81% 77% Religion Max China Slovenia Russia Min 3%
natural resting point" (% agree) Japan Bulgaria Portugal
V140 Sorrow. "Sorrow and suffering 33 43 72 na 35 72 8 29 100% 39% Religion 61%
only have meaning if you
believe in God" (% agree)
V141 "Life has no meaning" (% 8 7 19 na 4 19 6 6 100% 15% Religion Max Nigeria 19 Mexico 11 Chile 85%
agree) 10 Spain 10 Min Finland
Norway Netherlands Denmark
V142 Good/Evil "There are 31 45 60 52 50 60 10 31 100% 42% Religion Min Japan Iceland Denmark 58%
absolutely clear guidelines
about what is good and evil.
These always apply to
everyone, whatever the
circumstances" (% agree)
V146 Were you brought up religiously 78 94 94 87 81 98 7 64 96% 78% Religion Max Poland Min China 18%
at home? (% yes)
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V147 Attendance. How often do you 40 71 88 na 58 88 1 36 100% 45% Religion Max Nigeria Ireland Poland Min 55%
attend religious services these Iceland Belarus Russia China
days? (% "once a month" or
more)
V149 Important to hold a religious 82 79 95 95 86 97 13 73 98% 82% Religion Max Poland Min China 15%
service for…? Marriage (%
"yes)
V151 Would you say you are a 71 84 93 82 84 95 5 63 98% 73% Religion 24%
religious person? (% "yes")
Generally speaking, do you think your church is giving adequate answers to the…
V152 Can the church provide 55 38 86 na 68 88 19 53 97% 52% Religion Max Russia Min Sweden 45%
answers to … Moral problems
and needs of the individual?
V153 Can the church provide 56 28 86 na 69 87 13 48 99% 58% Religion Max Russia, Nigeria, Chile Min 41%
answers to … Problems of Japan Sweden Denmark
family life (% "yes")
V154 Can the church provide 75 59 89 na 84 92 42 68 94% 66% Religion Max Russia Hungary Nigeria Min 28%
answers to … Spiritual needs Sweden Denmark Japan
(% "yes")
V155 Can the church provide 44 24 83 na 57 87 7 40 95% 46% Religion Max Moscow Nigeria Belarus Chile 49%
answers to … Social problems Min Finland Sweden Denmark
facing our country (% "yes") Japan
Do you think it is proper for churches to speak out on…
V157 Should churches speak out 56 16 86 na 67 86 16 55 100% 57% Religion Max Nigeria Ireland Chile N. 43%
on… Abortion (% "yes") Ireland Min Denmark France
Slovenia India
V158 Should churches speak out 74 25 87 na 60 95 25 70 89% 70% Religion US sign'ly lower than Canada 19%
on… Third World Problems (%
"yes")
V159 Should churches speak out 50 19 89 na 74 89 19 51 100% 44% Religion Max Nigeria Ireland Finland US 56%
on… Extramarital affairs (% Min W.Germ. Jap. Slov. India
"yes")
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V160 Should churches speak out 39 27 90 na 51 90 26 52 100% 20% Religion 80%
on… Unemployment (% "yes")
V161 Should churches speak out 69 27 85 na 72 87 27 69 97% 70% Religion Max E Germany Nigeria Finland 27%
on… Racial discrimination (% Ireland Min Denmark Turkey
"yes") Slovenia India
V163 Should churches speak out 47 12 85 na 61 85 12 46 100% 48% Religion Max Nigeria Chile Finland Min 52%
on… Homosexuality (% "yes") Japan Slovenia India
V164 Should churches speak out 53 32 82 na 61 94 32 64 81% 34% Religion Max Russia Moscow E Germany 47%
on… Ecology (% "yes") Finland Nigeria Chile Min
Canada Japan France Denmark
Belgium India
V165 Should churches speak out 30 22 76 na 40 76 15 33 100% 25% Religion Max Nigeria Russia E.Germ. Min. 75%
on… Government (% "yes") Belg. France Portugal
Which, if any, do you believe in?
V166 Do you believe in… God (% 89 94 100 97 96 100 36 76 100% 83% Religion Max Nigeria Brazil S.Africa Ireland 17%
"yes") Poland Min Sweden Russia
Bulgaria E Germany
V167 Do you believe in… Life after 69 41 82 75 78 83 18 53 98% 78% Religion Max Ireland Nigeria Iceland Min 20%
death (% "yes") Russia E Germany Bulgaria
Belarus
V168 Do you believe in… A soul (% 85 75 92 92 93 93 14 70 99% 90% Religion Max USA Nigeria N.Ireland 9%
"yes") S.Africa Min Denmark Slovenia
Bulgaria E Germany Hungary
V169 Do you believe in… The Devil 43 27 45 46 70 76 9 32 54% 51% Religion 3%
Interesting that good's counterface is less countenanced
(% "yes")
V170 Do you believe in… Hell (% 42 39 51 46 71 85 7 31 56% 45% Religion Max Turkey N Ireland USA Poland 12%
"yes") Ireland S Africa Nigeria Min
Denmark Sweden Latvia
V171 Do you believe in… Heaven (% 72 43 96 91 87 96 12 51 100% 71% Religion 29%
"yes")
V172 Do you believe in… Sin (% 74 67 63 62 87 91 24 61 58% 75% Religion Max Turkey Poland N Ireland Min 16%
"yes") Sweden Bulgaria Japan Denmark
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V173 Do you believe in… 56 9 89 76 73 89 8 43 100% 59% Religion Max Nigeria Turkey Pol. Irel. Min 41%
Resurrection of the dead (% Jap. Belar. India Russ.
"yes")
V174 Do you believe in… 31 91 39 52 26 91 13 32 33% 23% Religion 10%
Reincarnation (% "yes")
V175 Do you believe in… "There is a 44 30 68 na 69 69 3 34 98% 62% Religion Max USA Nigeria Ireland Min 36%
personal God" (% "yes") Belarus Japan China
V176 "How important is God in your 62 68 98 88 77 98 3 50 100% 62% Religion Max Nigeria Brazil S.Africa Min 38%
life?" (% "very important") Sweden Denmark China
V177 Do you find you get comfort and 62 81 96 87 80 96 4 57 100% 63% Religion Max Nigeria Poland S.Africa 37%
strength from religion? (% Turkey Min E.Germ. Denm. Swed.
"yes") China
V178 Do you take some moment of 74 85 99 81 84 99 20 63 100% 68% Religion Max Nigeria Turkey Poland Min 32%
prayer, meditation, etc. (% Bulgari Sweden Finland China
"yes")
V179 How often do you pray outside 62 73 97 na 78 97 6 49 100% 62% Religion Max Nigeria Brazil Irelan USA 38%
of religious services? (% "often" Min Bulgaria Russia Belarus China
or "sometimes")
V180 Overall, how satisfied are you 89 65 71 36 87 91 44 73 57% 96% Family Max N Ireland Netherlands 38%
with your home life? (% Denmark Ireland Canada Min
"satisfied" 7-10 out of 10) Turkey Lithuania Estonia Bulgaria
Latvia Nigeria Income: 61 71 86
Educ 70 68 74 S.Africa Inc.
36,62,90 Educ 46,64,92
V183 Do you and your partner share 55 62 54 na 62 71 34 50 54% 57% Family Max Turkey India U.S. Min China 3%
attitudes toward religion? (% Latvia Japan
"yes")
Do you and your parents share the same attitudes toward…
V190 Do you and your parents share 65 81 88 na 72 88 60 60 100% 18% Family Max Nigeria Turkey India N 82%
the same attitude toward… Ireland Min W Germany Japan
Religion (% "yes") Latvia China
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V191 Do you and your parents share 78 82 92 na 79 92 42 68 100% 72% Family Max: Nigeria, Turkey, Argentina 28%
the same attitude toward… Min: Japan, Austria, W. Germany
Moral attitudes (% "yes") (post World War II),
V192 Do you and your parents share 68 78 78 na 72 80 37 61 95% 72% Family Max Turkey Argentina (tie for #1), 23%
the same attitude toward… India, Nigeria (tie for #2) Min
Social attitudes (% "yes") Austria Finland Latvia Japan
V197 Individuals should be able to 24 7 22 28 25 55 5 25 34% 38% Gender and Max Spain E.Germany Slovenia 4%
enjoy complete sexual freedom Sexuality Min: Norway India China
% "fend to agree"
Politics, Sexual Attitudes, the right
to complete Sexual Freedom:
Nigeria about mid-way
How important for a successful marriage is …?
V198 How important for a successful 91 94 99 na 94 99 61 82 100% 79% Family Max Nigeria India N. Ireland USA 21%
marriage is… Faithfulness (% Min France Japan Lithuania Bulgari
"very important") Estonia
V199 How important for a successful 40 59 75 na 46 75 11 42 100% 45% Family Max Nigeria Chile Belarus India 55%
marriage is… Adequate Min Netherlands Sweden Norway
income (% "very important") Denmark
V200 How important for a successful 20 47 49 na 29 49 7 21 100% 31% Family Max Nigeria India Turkey Chile 69%
marriage is… Same social Min E Germany Lithuania Estonia
background (% "very Finland
important")
V201 How important for a successful 92 80 97 na 92 97 65 84 100% 84% Family Max Nigeria Chile Iceland 16%
marriage is… Mutual respect Netherlands Min Japan Brazil
and appreciation (% "very Bulgaria S Korea Lithuania
important")
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V202 How important for a successful 28 40 83 na 44 83 6 26 100% 29% Family Max Nigeria Turkey Chile Min 71%
marriage is… Shared religious Latvia Estonia China
beliefs (% "very important")
V203 How important for a successful 33 41 74 na 40 74 7 40 100% 39% Family Max Nigeria Chile Belarus Min 61%
marriage is… Good housing Norway Finland S Korea
(% "very important")
V204 How important for a successful 6 12 20 na 12 35 4 11 52% 6% Family Max Turkey China Nigeria Chile 45%
marriage is… Agreement on Min Canada Iceland Finland
politics (% "very important") Ireland Denmark
V205 How important for a successful 84 81 99 na 83 99 33 77 100% 77% Family Max Nigeria Chile Argentina 23%
marriage is… Understanding Sweden Min Bulgaria Latvia
and tolerance (% "very Estonia Lithuania
important")
V206 How important for a successful 51 20 57 na 47 64 5 42 88% 78% Family Max France Netherlands 10%
marriage is… Living apart from Switzerland Nigeria Min India
your in-laws (% "very China Japan S.Korea
important")
V207 How important for a successful 72 78 91 na 71 91 28 63 100% 70% Family Max Nigeria Argentina India 30%
marriage is… Happy sexual Mexico Min Russia China
relationship (% "very Lithuania Japan
important")
V208 How important for a successful 53 58 67 na 47 67 10 38 100% 75% Family Max Nigeria Chile India Canada 25%
marriage is… Share household Min Finland W.Germany Estonia
chores (% "very important") Japan
V209 How important for a successful 66 79 94 na 65 94 42 68 100% 46% Family Max Nigeria Chile Argentina Min 54%
marriage is… Children (% Japan W.Germany Denmark
"very important")
V210 How important for a successful 50 68 78 na 49 78 10 41 100% 59% Family Max Nigeria Austria Chile Turkey 41%
marriage is… Tastes and Min Lithuania Denmark S.Korea
interests in common (% "very Finland
important")
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V213 Ideal number of children (% two 49 72 6 28 55 92 6 55 0% 50% Family Max China E.Germany S.Korea 50%
or fewer) W.Germany Min Lithuania
S.Africa Ireland Iceland Nigeria
V214 A child needs a home with both 78 97 97 93 73 99 73 91 92% 19% Family Max Czechoslovakia Hungary 73%
a father and a mother to grow Latvia Estonia (99) China Poland
up happily (% "tend to agree") (98) India Nigeria (97) Min
Canada Britain Netherlands United
States Denmark
V215 A woman has to have children 20 89 87 84 20 97 9 61 89% 13% Gender and Max Belarus Hungary Bulgaria 76%
in order to be fulfilled (% Sexuality Russia Estonai India Lithuania
"agree") Nigeria Min Britain Sweden
USA Finland Netherlands
V216 Marriage is an outdated 13 5 13 17 8 29 5 19 33% 33% Family Max France Brazil Portugal Min 0%
institution (% "agree") Japan Iceland India
V217 A woman can have a child as a 38 3 9 21 38 84 3 37 7% 43% Gender and Max Iceland Denmark Spain Chile 36%
single parent if she doesn't Sexuality Min Japan Nigeria Turkey China
want a stable relationship with a India
man (% "approve")
V218 Working mother relationship 70 58 65 na 72 94 41 68 45% 55% Gender and Max Finland China Japan Min 9%
(can establish as warm and Sexuality S.Korea Lithuania W.Germany
secure a relationship with their
children as non-working
mothers) %"Strongly agree" or
"Agree"
V219 Working mother relationship: 53 92 54 na 52 92 32 69 37% 35% Gender and Max India Latvia Estonia Min 2%
pre-school child suffers Sexuality Norway N.Ireland Denmark
%"Strongly agree" or "Agree"
V220 "Most women want a home and 43 91 87 na 56 97 25 69 86% 25% Gender and Max Lithuania Czechoslovakia 61%
children" (% "strongly agree" or Sexuality India Russia Bulgaria Latvia Turkey
"agree") Nigeria Main Britain Canada
Finland Netherlands Denmark
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V221 "Being a housewife is just as 71 46 49 na 76 88 34 65 28% 69% Gender and Max China Bulgari Russia Lithuania 41%
fulfilling as working for pay" (% Sexuality Japan Min Nigeria Portugal
"strongly agree" or "agree") Romania India Czechoslovakia
E.Germany
V223 "Both the husband and wife 69 82 94 na 67 98 32 78 94% 56% Gender and Max Portugal China Nigeria Brazil 38%
should contribute to household Sexuality Min United States W.Germany
income" (% "strongly agree" or S.Korea Japan Netherlands
"agree")
V224 "One must always love and 69 84 87 90 75 94 38 74 88% 55% Family Max S.Korea Brazil Chile Nigeria 32%
respect one's parents" (% "tend S.Africa Min Denmark Norway
to agree") Finland Netherlands
V225 "Parents' duty is to do their best 67 78 89 88 75 89 38 65 100% 57% Family Max Nigeria S.Africa Romania 43%
for their children even at the Min Japan Lithuania S.Korea
expense of their own well-
being" (% "agree")
At home, children should be encouraged to learn…
V226 Children should learn at 75 94 97 88 76 97 35 76 100% 65% Family Max Nigeria N.Ireland India 35%
home… Good manners (% S.Korea Min China Latvia
"mentioned") France Lithuania
V227 Children should learn at 44 30 16 68 52 89 16 47 0% 38% Family Max Iceland Norway China 38%
home… Independence (% Lithuania Min Czechoslovakia
"mentioned") Turkey Nigeria S.Africa
V228 Children should learn at 35 67 82 38 49 93 2 48 88% 36% Family Max Russia Lithuania Estonia 52%
home… Hard work (% Bulgaria Latvia Czechoslovakia
"mentioned") Nigeria Min Chile
Norway Finland Sweden Denmark
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V229 Children should learn at 75 60 36 37 72 94 36 73 0% 67% Family Max Iceland S.Korea Norway 67%
home… Feeling of Sweden Chile Min Romania
responsibility (% "mentioned") Britain S.Africa N.Ireland Nigeria
V230 Children should learn at 23 22 6 7 27 49 6 21 0% 40% Family Max Iceland Sweden Denmark 40%
home… Imagination (% Spain Chile Min S.Africa
"mentioned") Czechoslovakia Belarus Nigeria
Lithuania S.Korea
V231 Children should learn at 80 59 75 68 71 93 52 71 56% 68% Family Tolerance/Respect: Nigeria about 12%
home… Tolerance/Respect (% midway (Max: Iceland Sweden
"mentioned") Netherlands Denmark; Min:
S.Africa Japan India Lithuania
Romania S.Korea Bulgaria)
V232 Children should learn at 21 24 8 19 29 69 8 37 0% 21% Family Max Iceland Russia Slovenia 21%
home… Thrift (% "mentioned") E.Germany China Min
2000: ''Saving money and Canada Denmark Spain S.Africa
things'' Argentina Nigeria
V233 Children should learn at 38 28 21 24 36 75 12 36 14% 41% Family Max Iceland Japan E.Germany 27%
home… Determination (% Min Spain Nigeria Turkey N.Ireland
"mentioned") Hungary
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V234 Children should learn at 31 29 74 48 55 76 1 26 97% 40% Family Max Nigeria Ireland USA Chile 57%
home… Religious faith (% S.Africa Min Japan Belarus
"mentioned") Sweden Estonia China
V235 Children should learn at 42 32 17 20 37 75 5 28 17% 53% Family Max Iceland Britain Ireland 36%
home… Unselfishness (% Denmark N.Ireland Japan Min
"mentioned") E.Germany Chile W.Germany
Austria Argentina
V236 Children should learn at 28 56 71 44 39 71 9 33 100% 31% Family Max Nigeria Iceland India 69%
home… Obedience (% N.Ireland France Min
"mentioned") S.Korea Latvia Japan China
Do you approve of abortion where…
V237 Approve of abortion where… 92 91 69 65 86 98 65 88 12% 82% Morality Max Denmark Norway Iceland 70%
the mother's health is at risk? Sweden Min Chile S.Africa
(% "approve") Russia Nigeria Ireland
V238 Approve of abortion where… 63 68 44 35 55 95 32 75 19% 49% Morality Max Czechoslovakia Latvia Estonia 30%
the child would be born China Min N.Irelan S.Africa
physically handicapped (% Nigeria Chile Ireland
"approve")
V240 Approve of abortion where… 30 61 28 10 26 93 8 44 24% 26% Morality Max China Bulgaria Moscow Min 2%
a married couple wants nor Chile S.Africa Ireland
more children (% "approve")
Mother unmarried; do not want
child Nigeria 28/(8-93)
Forms of political action
Interest in politics; sign petition; join
boycott; lawful demonstration;
occupy building: Nigeria midway
V241 Interest in politics? (% "very 58 47 35 47 61 85 18 52 25% 60% Govern- Max E.Germany Latvia Lithuania 34%
interested" or "somewhat ment and Min Italy Spain Romania
interested") Politics
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V245 Would you ever join an 28 16 14 30 30 58 6 23 15% 42% Govern- Max Norway Swed Lithuania 27%
unofficial strike? (% "might do") ment and Mexico Min Nigeria W.Germany
Politics Japan Argentina Slovenia Austria
Turkey
V247 "I would choose personal 61 45 62 41 71 74 21 54 77% 75% Govern- Max Poland Lithuania Estonia 2%
freedom over equality" (% ment and USA Norway Min Slovenia Brazil
"agree") Politics Belarus China
V249 Societal change: Conservative 13 17 13 24 18 34 4 17 30% 30% Govern- Max Poland Lithuania Estonia 0%
''Our society must be defended ment and USA Norway Min Slovenia Brazil
against subversive forces' (% Politics Belarus China
agree)
V249 Societal change: Radical ''Our 5 14 28 18 7 42 2 12 65% 8% Govern- Max: Cze., Mosc., Lith., Latv., 58%
society must be radically ment and Nigeria, Bela., Pol. Min: Neth.,
changed by revolutionary Politics Austria, W.Germ., Den., Nor., Jap.
action'' (% agree)
V249 Social change: Reforms ''Our 82 69 59 58 75 87 30 70 51% 91% Govern- Max: Spain, Swe., Finl., Port., 40%
(sic) society must be gradually ment and E.Germ., Ital., Canada Min: Lith.,
improved by reforms'' (% agree) Politics Russ., Latv., Bela., Cze., Mosc.
V250 "There should be greater 63 47 74 21 62 80 25 56 89% 69% Economy Max China Poland Czech Estonia 20%
incentives fo individual effort" Nigeria Min S.Africa Japan Spain
(% "agree") Turkey Portugal
V251 "Government ownership of 10 31 50 36 7 61 6 23 80% 7% Economy Max China Nigeria Turkey Belarus 73%
business should be increased" Chile Min W.Germany
(% "agree") Austria USA Finland
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V252 "The state should take more 19 20 54 51 14 55 11 33 98% 18% Economy Max Chile Latvia Japan Nigeria 80%
responsibility to ensure that Min Canada Denmark Austria USA
everyone is provided for" (% Sweden
"agree")
V253 "The unemployed have the right 30 20 29 30 26 68 11 32 32% 33% Economy Max Latvia Bulgaria Estonia Min 2%
to refuse a job they don't want" Finland Norway Slovenia
(% "agree")
V254 "Competition is harmful. It 10 7 7 30 10 23 5 12 11% 28% Economy Max Turkey Spain Chile Portugal 17%
brings out the worst in people" Brazil Italy Min Nigeria Bulgaria
(% "agree") Austria Norway Sweden Romain
China Czech. Iceland
V255 "Hard work doesn't generally 18 11 19 14 13 61 11 26 16% 14% Work Max Brazil Denmark Polan Min 2%
bring success - it's more a S.Africa USA India E.Germany
matter of luck and connections"
(% "agree")
V256 "Wealth can grow so there's 62 50 47 75 46 74 34 54 33% 70% Economy Max E.Germany China Poland 38%
enough for everyone" (% S.Africa Min France Spain
"agree") Slovenia Japan Portugal
What do you consider to be the country's most important goals?
V257 Your country's most important 56 54 67 43 54 83 28 58 71% 51% Govern- Max Latvia Estonia Bulgari 20%
goals… Economic growth (% ment and Lithuania Min Japan Belgium
"mentioned") Politics Netherlands Finland Switzerland
"V257" Your country's most important 34 9 17 28 26 54 2 27 29% 62% Govern- Max Finland Netherlands Norway 33%
(sic) goals… Giving people more ment and Switzerland Min Turkey Estonia
(most say in their jobs & communities Politics India Latvia China
likely, (% "mentioned")
V258)
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V259 Your country's most important 21 43 43 34 28 67 11 38 57% 18% Govern- Max China Norway Romania Min 39%
goals… Maintaining order (% ment and Belgium Canada Turkey Finland
"mentioned") Politics
Giving people more say in gov't
decisions: Nigeria midway
V261 Your country's most important 54 44 61 35 50 83 26 53 61% 49% Govern- Max China Bulgaria Slovenia Min 12%
goals… A stable economy (% ment and Brazil Italy France Switzerland
"mentioned") Politics
"V261" Your country's most important 22 20 7 19 16 48 6 21 2% 38% Govern- Max Finland Japan Switzerland 36%
(V262) goals… Progress to a less ment and S.Korea Min Slovenia Hungary
impersonal and more humane Politics Nigeria China
society
V263 Would you be willing to fight for 68 92 80 63 80 97 20 74 78% 62% Society and Max China Latvia Slovenia Turkey 16%
your country? (% "yes") Nation Min W.Germany Belgium Brazil
Italy Japan
It would be good in the future if…
V264 Good in the future if… Less 62 43 64 34 71 82 33 60 63% 59% Economy Max Switzerland Spain Denmark 4%
emphasis on money and Min India Russia Japan Lithuania
material possessions (%
"good")
V265 Good in the future if… 31 7 15 10 23 50 6 25 20% 57% Work Max Spain Switzerland Belgium 36%
Decrease in the importance of Min China Czech. India Japan
work in our lives (% "good")
V266 Good in the future if… More 63 85 96 76 70 96 35 72 100% 46% Economy Max Nigeria China Turkey S.Korea 54%
emphasis on the development Min Netherlands Norway Austria
of technology (% "good") Sweden
V267 Good in the future if… Greater 85 71 93 88 87 96 40 86 95% 80% Individual Max Belarus Argentina Poland 14%
emphasis on the development Min Hungary India Japan China
of the individual (% "good")
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V268 Good in the future if… Greater 64 54 91 88 78 91 6 58 100% 68% Govern- Max Nigeria S.Africa Iceland 32%
respect for authority (% "good") ment and N.Ireland Min China Sweden
Politics S.Korea Japan
V269 Good in the future if… More 94 75 92 92 95 98 66 91 81% 88% Family Max Chile Brazil Poland Min 6%
emphasis on family life (% Japan India China Netherlands
"good")
V270 Good in the future if… A simple 84 80 90 83 85 93 51 83 93% 79% Individual Max Chile Brazil Spain Italy Min 14%
and more natural lifestyle (% E.Germany W.Germany Turkey
"good") China
V271 Scientific advances will help 55 51 79 60 63 79 26 48 100% 55% Economy Max Nigeria Turkey Poland Brazil 45%
mankind USA Min Belgium Austria Czech.
Japan
How much confidence do you have in…
V272 How much confidence in… The 64 85 88 83 68 88 5 56 100% 71% Religion Max Nigeria India Poland S.Africa 29%
church (% "a great deal" or Min Netherlands Bulgaria Japan
"quite a lot") China
V273 How much confidence in… 57 93 61 53 48 93 14 52 59% 54% Govern- Max India Turkey China Min 5%
Armed forces (% "a great deal" ment and Japan Estonia Lithuania
or "quite a lot") Politics E.Germany
V274 How much confidence in… 73 73 84 84 55 93 26 64 87% 70% Education Max China Nigeria Denmark 16%
Education (% "a great deal" or Iceland Min Japan Belarus
"quite a lot") E.Germany Argentina Moscow
V275 How much confidence in… 54 64 64 73 58 79 18 52 75% 59% Govern- Max Denmark China Norway 16%
Legal system (% "a great deal" ment and S.Africa Min Italy Belarus
or "quite a lot") Politics Argentina Moscow
V276 How much confidence in… The 46 66 71 66 56 71 14 42 100% 56% Govern- Max Nigeria Lithuania India 44%
press (% "a great deal" or "quite ment and S.Korea Min Iceland Austria
a lot") Politics N.Ireland Britain
V277 How much confidence in… 35 52 66 79 33 67 8 37 98% 46% Govern- Max S.Korea Nigeria S.Africa Min 53%
Unions (% "a great deal" or ment and Poland Moscow Argentina
"quite a lot") Politics
Confidence in Police; Parliament:
Nigeria midway
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V280 How much confidence in… 50 74 76 65 59 79 7 44 96% 60% Govern- Max Poland Nigeria India S.Korea 36%
Civil service (% "a great deal" ment and S.Africa Min Belarus E.Germany
or "quite a lot") Politics Moscow Argentina
V281 How much confidence in… 51 61 76 76 51 76 11 44 100% 62% Economy Max Nigeria S.Africa Poland 38%
Companies (% "a great deal" or France Min Czech. Argentina
"quite a lot") Lithuania Estonia Latvia
V282 How much confidence in… 61 67 65 65 53 98 20 54 58% 53% Society and Max S.Korea China Turkey Finland 5%
Social security system (% "a Nation Min Brazil Belarus Moscow
great deal" or "quite a lot") Argentina
V283 How much confidence in… TV 50 33 69 na 45 69 23 49 100% 59% Economy Max (non-EC) Nigeria Russia 41%
Newscasters (question in Bulgaria Canada Min India Chile
Europe was for European China Mexcio Japan Moscow
Community) (% "a great deal"
or "quite a lot")
V284 How much confidence in… 50 35 55 na 52 68 18 41 74% 64% Economy Max Russia Norway Britain Min 10%
NATO (% "a great deal" or Moscow Spain E.Germany
"quite a lot")
V285 How much confidence in… 38 55 38 53 55 80 9 37 41% 41% Govern- Max China S.Africa India USA 0%
Political system (% "a great ment and Min Latvia Estonia Lithuania
deal" or "quite a lot") Politics Poland
V286 What makes you proud of your 26 44 10 na 47 47 8 24 5% 46% Society and Max US India Mexico Min Nigeria 41%
country? Its scientific Nation Estonia Latvia
achievements (% "mentioned")
V288 This country is run by a few big 70 55 78 na 68 81 8 55 96% 85% Govern- Max Mexico Nigeria Canada USA 11%
interests looking out for ment and Min Lithuania Chile Latvia China
themselves (% agree) Politics
V289 I trust the government (% 20 43 26 na 41 65 20 42 13% 0% Govern- Max Estonia Chile Lithuania Min 13%
"almost always" or "all the ment and Nigeria Mexico Canada
time") Politics
Do you approve of this movement…
Ecology movement, anti-nuclear
energy, disarmament: Nigeria
midway
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V293 Do you approve of… Human 58 62 86 80 51 86 27 62 100% 53% Govern- Max Nigeria Brazil Portugal 47%
rights movement at home and ment and Bulgaria Min Britain N.Ireland
abroad Politics China Estonia
V294 Do you approve of… Women's 37 50 50 58 32 56 12 32 86% 57% Gender and Max S.Africa India Nigeria Belarus 30%
movement (% "strongly Sexuality Min Netherlands Finland Italy
approve") Denmark
V295 Do you approve of… Anti- 48 53 83 75 37 83 13 50 100% 50% Society and Max Nigeria Spain Brazil 50%
apartheid Nation Argentina Portugal S. Africa Min
USA Britain N.Ireland Latvia
Estonia Lithuania
Is it justified to…
V296 It is justified to… Claim 70 77 69 71 69 84 2 64 82% 83% Morality Max Turkey Denmark Norway Min 1%
government benefits you are France Mexico Finland Czechosl.
not entitled to (% "never
justified")
V297 It is justified to… Avoid paying 63 84 61 na 62 84 32 63 56% 60% Morality Max India China Japan Switzerland 4%
a public transport fare (% Min W.Germany Belarus Moscow
"never justified") Mexico
V298 It is justified to… Cheating on 61 82 64 62 69 91 38 61 49% 43% Morality Max S.Korea Turkey India China 6%
paying taxes (% "never Japan Min W.Germany Finland
justified") Mexico Moscow Belgium
V299 It is justified to… Buy stolen 73 84 71 56 77 92 50 78 50% 55% Morality Max S.Korea Argentina Denmark 5%
goods (% "never justified") Min Belgium France Mexico
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
"Never justified to..." joyriding /
keep money found / lying in your
own interest / married & having an
affair / sex under-age /
homosexuality / prostitution /
fighting with the police / hitting a
parked vehicle and not reporting it /
throw litter / drink and drive:
Nigeria midway
V301 It is justified to… Taking the 65 91 71 71 74 96 65 85 19% 0% Morality Max China Argentina E.Germany 19%
drug marijuana or hashish (% Min Nigeria Mexico Netherlands
"never justified") Canada
V303 It is justified to… Lying in your 46 58 45 58 56 70 25 50 44% 47% Morality Max Bulgaria S.Korea Iceland Min 2%
own interest (% "never Czechoslovakia Netherlands
justified") W.Germany
V304 It is justified to… Adultery - 55 91 58 65 71 91 29 58 47% 42% Morality Max India Turkey N.Ireland Min 5%
married people an affair (% Czechoslovakia Estonia Moscow
"never justified")
V305 It is justified to… Sex under the 52 90 54 60 65 99 17 66 45% 43% Morality Max Denmark Norway Sweden 2%
legal age of consent (% "never India Min Belgium Slovenia
justified") Netherlands
V306 It is justified to… Accept a 77 86 66 71 80 95 55 76 28% 55% Morality Max Argentina Turkey Denmark 28%
bribe in the course of one's Brazil China India Chile Russia
duties (% "never justified") Min Netherlands Nigeria
E.Germany France W.Germany
Belgium Lithuania Czech. Mexico
V309 It is justified… Abortion (% 23 39 53 66 35 76 9 31 66% 21% Morality Max Chile S.Africa Brazil 45%
"never justified") Switzerland Nigeria Ireland Min
Sweden Moscow Finland
Netherlands Iceland
Czechoslovakia
V310 It is justified to… Divorce (% 15 52 44 58 20 53 5 23 81% 21% Morality Max S.Africa India Chile Nigeria 60%
"never justified") S.Korea Min Sweden Czech.
Netherlands Finland Iceland
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V311 It is justified to… Fighting with 50 61 50 54 50 83 24 51 44% 44% Morality Max Min 0%
police (% "never justified")
V312 It is justified… Euthanasia, 25 57 56 66 34 71 13 42 74% 21% Morality Max Brazil Turkey Chile Poland 53%
terminating the life of the S.Africa Min Iceland Sweden
incurably sick (% "never Japan Finland Netherlands
justified")
V313 It is justified … Suicide (% 53 82 74 78 62 90 32 62 72% 36% Morality Max Brazil Argentina India Chile 36%
"never justified") Turkey S.Africa Min W.Germany
Britain France Finland Netherlands
V315 It is justified to… Threaten 66 80 54 64 71 95 29 74 38% 56% Govern- Max Argentina Latvia S.Korea Chile 18%
workers who refuse to join a ment and Min Moscow Poland Mexico
strike (% "never justified") Politics Nigeria Finland
V316 It is justified to… Kill in self- 14 39 41 43 18 51 12 28 74% 5% Morality Max Japan Turkey Chile Nigeria 69%
defense (% "never justified") Austria India S Africa Min
Netherlands Canada Belarus
Finland Moscow
V317 It is justified… Political 72 82 64 71 72 94 54 78 25% 45% Govern- Max Denmark Argentina Brazil 20%
assassinations (% "never ment and E.Germany Norway Min Belarus
justified") Politics Nigeria Moscow Finland Mexico
Which of these geographical groups would you say you belong to first of all?
Town/Country : Nigeria midway
V320 Which geographic group do 13 9 20 8 19 22 3 11 89% 53% Society and Max Brazil Nigeria Italy USA Min 37%
you say you belong to first? Nation Slovenia Denmark Norway Japan
"The world as a whole / or
continent/sub-continent"
V322 How proud are you to be (your 61 75 68 62 76 77 20 47 84% 72% Society and Max Ireland USA India Poland 12%
country's nationality) (% "very Nation Nigeria Min Japan Russia
proud") Czech. Netherlands W.Germany
Boldness/caution: Nigeria midway
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V324 New ideas are generally better 30 26 40 46 20 46 5 29 85% 61% Individual Max S.Africa Turkey Chile Nigeria 24%
than old ones (% "agree") Poland Min Iceland USA Russia
China Japan
V325 ADAPTING TO CHANGE 54 54 61 na 43 61 28 45 100% 79% Individual Max Nigeria Finland Argentina 21%
"When changes occur in my Chile Min Estonia Romania
life, I welcome the possibility Japan Russia
that something new is
beginning" (% "agree")
V326 "I usually count on being 63 61 68 na 59 85 9 48 78% 71% Individual Max Iceland China Portugal Chile 7%
successful in everything I do" Nigeria Min Norway Latvia Italy
(% "mentioned") Japan Denmark
V327 "I enjoy convincing others of my 26 30 57 na 26 57 10 29 100% 34% Individual Max Nigeria Finland Hungary 66%
opinion" (% "mentioned") Turkey Min Iceland N.Ireland
Spain Japan
V328 "I often notice that I serve as a 20 29 55 na 21 55 5 18 100% 30% Individual Max Nigeria Turkey W.Germany 70%
role model for others" (% India Slovenia Min Denmark
"mentioned") N.Ireland Spain France Norway
V329 "I am good at getting what I 27 62 53 na 24 78 10 36 63% 25% Individual Max Portugal Hungary Slovenia 38%
want" (% "mentioned") Turkey Nigeria Romania Min Italy
Spain Norway N.Ireland Japan
V330 "I own many things that others 11 15 32 na 10 32 3 15 100% 28% Individual Max Nigeria Finland Turkey 72%
envy me for" (% "mentioned") W.Germany Min France Norway
N.Ireland Japan
V331 "I like to assume responsibility" 65 65 75 na 61 88 12 51 83% 70% Individual Max Sweden Nigeria Turkey 13%
(% "mentioned") Finland Min China Russia Estonia
Latvia Japan
V332 "I am rarely unsure of myself" 36 40 34 na 41 68 13 37 38% 42% Individual Max Turkey Sweden 4%
(how I should behave) (% Czechoslovakia Min Norway
"mentioned") Japan Latvia
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V333 "I often give others advice" (% 42 47 88 na 43 88 18 42 100% 34% Individual Max Nigeria Turkey E.Germany 66%
"mentioned") Min Russia France Moscow Latvia
V335 "This country's economic 39 53 86 60 32 88 6 48 98% 40% Economy Max Brazil E.Germany Nigeria 57%
system needs fundamental Latvia Min Belgium Austria
changes" (% "strongly agree") Japan Netherlands W.Germany
V336 "Our government should be 50 48 74 51 34 86 20 48 82% 45% Economy Max Brazil Nigeria Bulgari Hungary 36%
much more open to the public" Min France Japan Lithuania
(% "strongly agree") Iceland Netherlands
Healthier economy if more
individual freedom / If an unjust law
passed, I could do nothing about it:
Nigerians midway
V339 "Political reform in this country 8 8 38 59 6 48 3 15 78% 11% Govern- Max S.Africa Brazil Poland Nigeria 67%
is moving too rapidly" (% ment and E.Germany Min US Iceland
"strongly agree") Politics Finland Japan Ireland Netherlands
How much do you trust…
I trust my family - Nigeria midway
V341 How much do you trust… 80 90 40 40 75 90 33 65 12% 82% Society and Max India Lithuania Slovenia 70%
People of your own nationality Nation Norway Min Russia Nigeria Italy
(% "trust them completely" or % Poland S.Africa
"trust them a little")
V342 How much do you trust… First 58 88 49 22 61 88 9 41 51% 62% Society and Max India Lithuania Latvia Brazil 11%
domestic ethnic group (% "trust Nation Min S.Korea Japan Slovenia
them completely" or % "trust Turkey Poland
them a little")
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Vari- Definition Canada India Nigeria South United Max Min Mean Nigeria % of Canada % Topic 1990 Comments (Max from highest Difference in
able Africa States range of range (p.ix - xiii) to lowest; Min from highest to % range,
(low lowest) Canada -
income Nigeria
segment
)
V343 How much do you trust… 46 70 41 47 56 75 3 38 53% 60% Society and Max Lithuania India Latvia Estonia 7%
Second domestic ethnic group Nation Min Japan Turkey Poland Czech
(% "trust them completely" or %
"trust them a little")
V346 How much do you trust… First 38 28 33 11 43 53 8 28 56% 67% Society and Max Estonia Bulgaria Estonia Min 11%
superpower (% "trust them Nation Poland China S.Korea
completely" or % "trust them a
little")
First neighbour nationality / second
neighbour nationality Nigeria
midway
V405 % "materialist values" 12 40 36 35 16 51 6 27 67% 13% Max China S.Korea Hungary 53%
Romania India Brazil Russia
Nigeria S.Africa
V406 % "postmaterialist values" 26 6 7 9 23 36 4 15 9% 69% Max Netherlands Finland 59%
W.Germany Canada Austria
France
Counts 224 214 224 143 224
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Note that
"Moscow"
was sampled
as a separate
"country" from
Russia
Rare case
like V283
where
Nga/Can co-
score high
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Happiness/Lif
e
Satisfaction/
Wellbeing:
18,61,83,88,9
1,92,96,132,1
80
Rare case
like V283
where
Nga/Can co-
score high
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Happiness/Lif
e
Satisfaction/
Wellbeing:
18,61,83,88,9
1,92,96,132,1
80
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Happiness/Lif
e
Satisfaction/
Wellbeing:
18,61,83,88,9
1,92,96,132,1
80
Happiness/Lif
e
Satisfaction/
Wellbeing:
18,61,83,88,9
1,92,96,132,1
80
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Happiness/Lif
e
Satisfaction/
Wellbeing:
18,61,83,88,9
1,92,96,132,1
80
Happiness/Lif
e
Satisfaction/
Wellbeing:
18,61,83,88,9
1,92,96,132,1
80
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Happiness/Lif
e
Satisfaction/
Wellbeing:
18,61,83,88,9
1,92,96,132,1
80
cf. V28 Hard
Work
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
I BELIEVE
THESE
TWO!
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
I BELIEVE
THESE
TWO! Cf
V250
Nigerian
personal /
work / social
lives overlap.
Happiness/Lif
e
Satisfaction/
Wellbeing:
18,61,83,88,9
1,92,96,132,1
80
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Strong
absolutist
values
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
It's OK to do
Bad?
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Happiness/Lif
e
Satisfaction/
Wellbeing:
18,61,83,88,9
1,92,96,132,1
80
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Sex
Min countries
also
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Sex / Children
as old age
security
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Nigeria
Income
05,07,05
Educ
04,05,07
"happily"
Single
parenthood
stigma/no
gov't support
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Nigeria Inc
97,98,96
S.Afr.
88,84,63
Cf. V236
Obedience
100%
Protestant
Ethic Cf. V97
Laziness 41%
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Cf. V331 (like
to assume
responsibility)
Wide gap
Canada/Niger
ia.
Corruption,
guilt,
impunity.
Why Scandiv.
Has a high
ODA/GNI
ratio and high
literacy?
Canada signif
more tolerant
than USA
Protestant
Ethic.
Correlates
with "Short-
term
orientation"
(Hofstede)
Protestant
Ethic.
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Cf. V306:
28% "never
accept a
bribe"; Cf.
V296: OK to
accept gov't
benefits
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
But Nigerian
Labour
Congress
forces
citizens to
stay home
since
NURTW
complies
Cf V119 (0%
of Ngns work
hard
regardless of
pay)
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Large
Canada-
Nigeria
difference
"Winner-take-
all" vs.
"Rising water
lifts all the
boats"
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Nigeria is a
face-to-face
society.
Cf. V4 100%
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Hotstede -
Power
Distance
score?
Abiding faith
in
emancipatory
promise of
modernity
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Rare case
like V56
where
Nga/Can co-
score high
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Why it's impt
to separate
the
segments!
S.Africa
Income: Lo
80 Med 75 Hi
53
But Nigeria's
Muslim half?
S.Africa
Income: Lo
75 Med 70 Hi
30
Cf. V306:
28% "never
accept a
bribe"; V232
Thrift 0%,
V235
Unselfish
17%
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Cf. V306:
28% "never
accept a
bribe"; Cf.
V296: OK to
accept gov't
benefits
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Collectivism
vs.
individualism
Big
Difference,
Canada-
Nigeria
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
(Southern)
Nigerians are
taught
assertiveness
early on.
Radio call-in
programmes
very popular.
But V229,
lowest for
children
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1990-1993 World Values Survey
Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Assertiveness
Why?
Babangida's
Structural
Adjustment
programme
1987-1992?
Nigeria
divided
ethnically into
three major
groups
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Results for Canada, Nigeria, S.Africa U.S.A.
Cf BBC
Based on
V257-V262
Based on
V257-V262
C:\Docstoc\Working\pdf\4a9de560-f1ef-4e54-b035-2cddcac4a9fb.xls 172
2000
2000 Vari- 1990 Vari- Definition Canada
able able (2000)
A027 V226 Children should learn at home… Good Good manners na
manners (% "mentioned")
A035 V231 Children should learn at home… Tolerance/Respect 81
Tolerance/Respect (% "mentioned")
A032 V229 Children should learn at home… Feeling of Feeling of responsibility 77
responsibility (% "mentioned")
A029 V227 Children should learn at home… Independence 62
Independence (% "mentioned")
A030 V228 Children should learn at home… Hard work Hard work 53
(% "mentioned")
A039 V233 Children should learn at home… Determination 48
Determination (% "mentioned")
A044 V235 Children should learn at home… Unselfishness 45
Unselfishness (% "mentioned")
A034 V230 Children should learn at home… Imagination Imagination 33
(% "mentioned")
A040 V234 Children should learn at home… Religious Religious faith 31
faith (% "mentioned")
A042 V236 Children should learn at home… Obedience Obedience 30
(% "mentioned")
A038 V232 Children should learn at home… Thrift (% Thrift / Saving Money 27
"mentioned") 2000: ''Saving money and
things''
World Values Survey: Children should be
encouraged...
100
90
80
70
% selecting
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Canada (2000) Nigeria (2000) Canada (1990) Nigeria (1990)
2000 1990
Nigeria (2000) Canada (1990) Nigeria (1990)
95 75 97
59 80 75
33 75 36
26 44 16
80 35 82
23 38 21
23 42 17
11 23 6
68 31 74
73 28 71
10 21 8
hould be 0.54879594
67
Nigeria (1990)
Interesting because perceptions predate the 1995 Transparency International data by five years.
Argentina 95
Turkey 92
Denmark 91
Brazil 88
China 87
India 86
Chile 85
Russia 85
S.Korea 85
Ireland 85
N.Ireland 84
Iceland 84
Switzerland 83
Poland 81
Spain 81
Bulgaria 80
Slovenia 80
S.Africa 80
United States 77
Norway 77
Italy 76
Canada 76
Moscow 75
Latvia 75
Belarus 74
Britain 74
Portugal 72
Finland 71
Sweden 70
Austria 70
Japan 68
Netherlands 68
Nigeria 66
E.Germany 64
France 64
W.Germany 63
Belgium 61
Lithuania 60
Czech. 57
Mexico 55
V306 ACCEPT BRIBE
Please tell me for each of the following statements whether you think it can always be justified, never be justifed, or
something in between. Someone accpeting a bribe in the course of their duties. (% "never justified")
y five years.
fied, never be justifed, or
r justified")
Perceptions of Life: Feelings of happiness (A008) "Taking all things together, would you say you are:"
BASE= TOTAL Canada (1990) Canada (2000) Nigeria (1990)
6684 n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Very
happy 3125 46.8% 507 29.3% 872 45.2% 395 39.5%
Quite 2577 38.6% 832 48.1% 979 50.7% 260 26.0%
Not
very 757 11.3% 280 16.2% 71 3.7% 259 25.9%
Not at
all 180 2.7% 75 4.3% 8 0.4% 79 7.9%
DK 32 0.5% 23 1.3% 1 0.1% 8 0.8%
NA 13 0.2% 13 0.8% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Total 6684 100% 1730 100% 1931 100% 1001 100%
Both sexes Cross-tabulations by Sex
Canada Nigeria
- -
Female Canada Female
Canada Nigeria Canada Nigeria s - Males s
(1990) (1990) (2000) (2000) (1990) (1990) (1990)
Not at
all 4.3% 7.9% 0.4% 0.9% 3,8 5,1 6,0
Not
very 16.2% 25.9% 3.7% 7.3% 15,9 17,2 21,3
Quite 48.1% 26.0% 50.7% 25.0% 48,4 49,9 25,8
Very
happy 29.3% 39.5% 45.2% 66.8% 32,0 27,8 46,9
World Values Survey: Perceptions of Happiness
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
Canada (1990) Nigeria (1990) Canada (2000) Nigeria (2000)
Not at all Not very Quite Very happy
Source: World Values Survey http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/services/index.html (A008: Feelings of
WVS 2000: A008. Taking all things together, would you
say you are very happy, quite happy, not very happy,
not at all happy? % "Very happy"
Global
Canada Nigeria Sample
(2000) (2000) (81 countries
in 2000)
Income
Segment Low 40% 61% 22%
Medium 45% 67% 27%
High 46% 74% 30%
Education
Segment Low 49% 62% 25%
Medium 43% 70% 26%
High 41% 70% 30%
Age Under 30 43% 70% 30%
30-49 42% 64% 26%
Over 49 47% 58% 23%
Sex Female 46% 67% 27%
Male 43% 66% 26%
Mean 44% 67% 27%
Max: Nigeria:67, Tanz/Mex/Ven:57, El Salv:56, Viet:49 Min:
Armen./Mold/Russ/Ukr:6, Belar./Latv:5, Romania:4 S.Africa:
Income: 31,37,49 Age 49 45 Educ: 35,43,37.
NOTE that Ngn sample is under-30 predominant. Global Sample
(N=81 ctry): Age: 30/26/23 Educ: 25,26,30 Inc.: 22,27,30
Nigeria (2000)
n (%)
1351 66.8%
506 25.0%
147 7.3%
18 0.9%
0 0.0%
0 0.0%
2022 100%
Canada Nigeria
- -
Nigeria Female Canada Female Nigeria
-Males s - Males s -Males
(1990) (2000) (2000) (2000) (2000)
9,3 0,3 0,6 1,0 0,8
29,3 3,2 4,4 6,4 8,1
26,4 50,9 50,5 25,4 24,7
35,0 45,7 44,5 67,3 66,4
Nigeria (2000)
rvices/index.html (A008: Feelings of Happiness)
A170.- Life Satisfaction. "All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days?"
BASE=66 TOTAL Canada (1990) Canada (2000) Nigeria (1990)
84 n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Dissatisfi
ed 136 2,0 11 0,6 18 0,9 53 5,3
2 128 1,9 7 0,4 21 1,1 31 3,1
3 216 3,2 29 1,7 24 1,2 63 6,3
4 261 3,9 37 2,1 47 2,4 70 7,0
5 505 7,6 96 5,5 122 6,3 113 11,3
6 594 8,9 102 5,9 139 7,2 125 12,5
7 1011 15,1 274 15,8 259 13,4 126 12,6
8 1542 23,1 476 27,5 529 27,4 126 12,6
9 1179 17,6 408 23,6 368 19,1 123 12,3
Satisfied 1104 16,5 288 16,6 402 20,8 167 16,7
Cross-tabulations by Sex
Canada - Canada - Nigeria -
Canada Nigeria Canada Nigeria Females Males Females
(1990) (1990) (2000) (2000) (1990) (1990) (1990)
Dissatisfi
ed 0.6% 5.3% 0.9% 2.7% 0.7% 0.6% 4.5%
2 0.4% 3.1% 1.1% 3.4% 0.5% 0.3% 2.5%
3 1.7% 6.3% 1.2% 4.9% 1.3% 2.1% 4.5%
4 2.1% 7.0% 2.4% 5.3% 2.3% 2.0% 6.5%
5 5.5% 11.3% 6.3% 8.6% 5.5% 5.6% 8.2%
6 5.9% 12.5% 7.2% 11.3% 5.9% 5.9% 11.5%
7 15.8% 12.6% 13.4% 17.4% 14.8% 16.9% 13.0%
8 27.5% 12.6% 27.4% 20.3% 27.0% 28.1% 15.0%
9 23.6% 12.3% 19.1% 13.8% 24.1% 23.2% 16.5%
Satisfied 16.6% 16.7% 20.8% 12.2% 18.0% 15.4% 17.8%
World Values Survey:
Perceptions of Life Satisfaction
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
Canada (1990) Nigeria (1990)
Canada (2000) Nigeria (2000)
WVS 2000: A165. All things considered, how WVS 2000: A009. How would you describe
satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days? of health these days: Very good, good, fair o
% "Satisfied" (7-10 ranking out of 10) "Very good" or "Good" (7-10 ranking out of
Global
Canada Nigeria Sample
(81
(2000) (2000)
countries in
2000)
Income Income
Segment Low 71% 54% 45% Segment Low
Medium 82% 63% 54% Medium
High 88% 80% 65% High
Education Education
Segment Lower 79% 57% 51% Segment Lower
Middle 79% 65% 55% Middle
Upper 87% 72% 65% Upper
Age Under 30 82% 68% 57% Age Under 30
30-49 79% 59% 55% 30-49
Over 49 82% 60% 56% Over 49
Sex Female 81% 63% 56% Sex Female
Male 81% 65% 56% Male
Mean 81% 64% 56% Mean
WVS 2000: A165. Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or
that you need to be very careful in dealing with people?
% "Most people can be trusted"
Global
Canada Nigeria Tanzania Uganda India Sample (81
countries in
2000)
Income
Segment Low 28% 27% 11% 9% 41% 25%
Medium 37% 25% 7% 11% 45% 27%
High 51% 24% 7% 3% 38% 31%
Education
Segment Lower 30% 28% 9% 7% 45% 24%
Middle 34% 24% 5% 8% 36% 27%
Upper 54% 24% 9% 9% 37% 36%
Age 15-29 36% 25% 6% 9% 40% 25%
30-49 40% 26% 10% 6% 40% 29%
Over 49 39% 28% 7% 8% 43% 29%
Sex Female 37% 25% 7% 7% 40% 27%
Male 41% 26% 9% 9% 42% 29%
Mean 39% 26% 8% 8% 41% 28%
WVS 2000: A168. Do you think most people would try to take advantage of you if they
got a chance, or would they try to be fair? % "Try to be fair"
Global
Canada Nigeria Tanzania Uganda India Sample (37
countries in
2000)
Income
Segment Low 55% 26% 54% 24% 42% 42%
Medium 67% 28% 47% 15% 31% 43%
High 75% 35% 37% 21% 49% 46%
Education
Segment Lower 59% 30% 53% 27% 41% 42%
Middle 65% 29% 44% 22% 39% 43%
Upper 77% 29% 34% 14% 42% 47%
Age Under 30 66% 30% 50% 24% 44% 41%
30-49 68% 28% 46% 21% 38% 44%
Over 49 66% 25% 45% 26% 41% 46%
Sex Female 70% 31% 50% 26% 43% 45%
Male 64% 28% 45% 20% 39% 42%
Mean 67% 29% 47% 23% 41% 43%
World Values Surveys: % "Most people can
be trusted"
1980 1990 1995 2000
Total
nations 20 42 54 70
surveyed
Total
responde 24,201 57,912 71,332 89,656
nts
Global
response 38.0% 33.5% 25.0% 28.9%
mean
Canada 49.1% 52.4% not surveyed 38.8%
Nigeria not surveyed 23.2% 17.7% 25.6%
United
40.5% 49.7% 35.6% 35.8%
States
Maximum
56.7% 66.1% 59.7% 66.3%
response
Maximum
Sweden Sweden Sweden Sweden
Country
Minimum
10.0% 6.7% 2.8% 6.8%
response
Minimum
Malta Brazil Brazil Turkey
Country
Nigeria %
not surveyed 27.8% 26.2% 31.6%
of range
Canada %
83.7% 76.9% not surveyed 53.8%
of range
s a whole these days?"
Nigeria (2000)
n (%)
54 2,7
69 3,4
100 4,9
107 5,3
174 8,6
228 11,3
352 17,4
411 20,3
280 13,8
247 12,2
Nigeria - Canada - Canada - Nigeria - Nigeria -
Males Females Males Females Males
(1990) (2000) (2000) (2000) (2000)
5.9% 1.2% 0.5% 2.0% 3.3%
3.5% 0.9% 1.4% 2.9% 3.9%
7.5% 0.9% 1.8% 5.6% 4.4%
7.4% 2.1% 3.0% 4.9% 5.6%
13.4% 7.0% 5.4% 8.0% 9.2%
13.2% 7.6% 6.7% 11.7% 10.9%
12.4% 12.5% 14.8% 19.1% 15.8%
11.1% 26.5% 28.8% 19.2% 21.4%
9.5% 19.4% 18.6% 13.8% 13.9%
16.1% 22.1% 19.0% 12.7% 11.7%
: A009. How would you describe your state
hese days: Very good, good, fair or poor? %
d" or "Good" (7-10 ranking out of 10)
Global
Canada Nigeria Sample
(81
(2000) (2000)
countries in
2000)
74% 86% 58%
82% 93% 68%
90% 91% 74%
75% 89% 58%
84% 89% 69%
86% 90% 75%
90% 81% 77%
85% 89% 69%
75% 83% 52%
80% 91% 64%
84% 88% 70%
82% 90% 67%
WVS A070
pl e
s
Volunteer
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l Sam
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in
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n
orgs.: 3rd
n
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S p ai
Ugan
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Cana
Fran
U.S.
Nige
T an z
Swe
world,
e
Neth
T o ta
Hum.Rts. %
"Belong" %"
1990
Total 49507 1730
Respondents
ALL 2.2% 2.0% 4.6% 2.8% 2.6% 0.2% 14.3% n/a 0.9% 9.1% n/a n/a 1.0%
Male 2.0% 4.8% n/a
Female 2.3% 4.4% n/a
2000
Total 77384 999 1931 1023 1615 1362 1001 1209 1014 1157 1002 1200
Respondents
ALL 3.3% 2.6% 4.5% 4.1% 1.2% 1.7% 24.5% n/a 2.9% 15.7% 18.8% 4.8% 5.5%
Gender
Male 3.5% 2.7% 4.2% 3.2% 0.9% 1.9% 21.2% 3.1% 12.5% 17.6% 8.6% 5.3%
Female 3.2% 2.5% 4.6% 5.0% 1.6% 1.5% 27.6% 2.7% 18.8% 20.4% 1.2% 5.6%
Age
15-29 3.2% 2.6% 2.4% 4.8% 0.6% 0.8% 13.4% 2.9% 12.6% 22.3% 6.3% 5.9%
30-49 3.6% 2.5% 4.8% 3.6% 1.2% 0.8% 26.7% 3.7% 17.8% 16.7% 3.4% 4.2%
50+ 3.1% 2.0% 5.1% 4.3% 1.6% 2.8% 25.4% 2.2% 15.5% 13.8% 1.9% 7.0%
Education
Incomplete 1.6% n/a 3.4% n/a n/a n/a 10.0% 0.4% 0.0% 12.8% 3.3% 3.8%
Elementary
Elementary 2.3% 0.8% 4.6% 2.3% 0.5% 0.8% 7.5% 2.6% 6.1% 17.3% 2.8% 5.4%
Incomplete 2.8% n/a 3.0% 0.9% 0.2% 7.7% 15.5% n/a 13.8% 23.7% 6.8% n/a
Secondary:
Vocational
Secondary: 2.9% 1.5% 3.2% 3.2% 2.2% n/a 21.9% 3.2% 8.5% 19.2% 4.3% 4.2%
vocational
Incomplete 2.6% 2.6% 3.3% 8.6% 0.8% 0.7% 22.7% 5.1% 9.0% 32.0% 5.2% 7.8%
Secondary:
Academic
Secondary: 2.6% 8.9% 3.1% 7.5% n/a 1.2% 30.8% 1.5% 20.6% 23.1% 2.9% 7.9%
academic
Incomplete 8.5% 2.0% 5.3% 6.0% 0.6% n/a 33.0% 7.0% 27.3% 14.3% 8.5% 4.6%
University or
other Tertiary
University or 5.3% 5.9% 9.5% 14.6% 7.7% 3.2% 38.3% 8.4% 25.0% 27.9% n/a 6.6%
other Tertiary
Income
Low 2.7% 2.8% 3.1% 3.7% 1.1% 1.4% 11.4% 2.5% 13.0% 18.8% 6.4% 3.0%
Middle 3.5% 0.9% 6.0% 2.4% 1.0% 1.8% 23.6% 2.3% 12.2% 16.2% 5.7% 5.0%
High 4.9% 4.0% 5.8% 5.2% 2.9% 2.3% 30.3% 3.4% 20.4% 24.6% 15.4% 6.8%
Social Class
(29 nations)
Lower class 3.3% n/a 3.5% n/a n/a 2.2% n/a n/a n/a n/a 17.4% 5.6% 3.3%
Working class 2.8% n/a 2.6% n/a n/a 1.8% n/a n/a 2.5% n/a 22.4% 4.7% 4.6%
Lower middle 3.7% n/a 4.8% n/a n/a 1.5% n/a n/a 2.9% n/a 15.7% 7.9% 5.4%
class
Upper middle 4.6% n/a 6.5% n/a n/a 2.2% n/a n/a 4.0% n/a 22.4% 4.9% 4.7%
class
Upper class (3) 7.4% n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 14.3% n/a 32.0% n/a 16.7%
NOTES
(1) "n/a" indicates that the WVS database has no datum for that combination.
(2) A064_A080.- Please look carefully at the following list of voluntary organisations and activities and say which, if any, do you
belong to?
• (A070) Third world development or human rights
(3) Only 16 Canadian respondents and 6 Ugandans included in "Upper class"
ark
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n
n
d
A
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Japa
S p ai
Ugan
Brita
Denm
Cana
Fran
U.S.
U.S.
T an z
Swe
% "Belong"
1990 2.0% 4.6% 2.8% 2.6% 0.2% 0.9% 9.1% 1.0%
2000 2.6% 4.5% 4.1% 1.2% 1.7% 2.9% 15.7% 18.8% 4.8% 5.5%
Mean
% change, 1990- 0.6% -0.1% 1.3% -1.4% 1.5% 2.0% 6.6% n/a n/a 4.5% 1.9%
2000
Self-reported Membership in
3rd World Development or Human Rights Organisations
World Values Surveys
20%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10% 1990
8%
6% 2000
4%
2%
0%
Age Income Level
15-29 30-49 50+ Low Middle High
2.4% 4.8% 5.1% 3.1% 6.0% 5.8%
Educational Attainment: Canadians (N=1,931)
Incomplete Elemen Incompl Second Incompl Second Incompl Univers
Elementary tary ete ary: ete ary: ete ity or
Second vocatio Second academ Univers other
ary: nal ary: ic ity or Tertiar
Vocatio Academ other y
nal ic Tertiar
y
3.4% 4.6% 3.0% 3.2% 3.3% 3.1% 5.3% 9.5%
WVS V087-
pl e
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Volunteer
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d en
da
a
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l Sam
ce
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.
n
Work for 3rd
n
d
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S p ai
Ugan
Brita
Denm
Cana
Fran
U.S.
Nige
T an z
Swe
World/Hum.Rts
e
Neth
T o ta
. Orgs. %
"Belong"
1990
Total
Respondents 1484 1730 1030 1002 1011 1017 n/a n/a 1029 n/a n/a 1799
ALL 0.8% 2.7% 0.9% 1.4% 0.2% 2.9% n/a n/a 3.2% n/a n/a 1.0%
Male 0.3% 3.3% 0.4% 1.5% 0.2% 2.0% n/a n/a 2.0% n/a n/a 0.9%
Female 1.3% 2.1% 1.4% 1.3% 0.2% 3.6% n/a n/a 4.5% n/a n/a 1.1%
2000
Total
Respondents 999 1931 1023 1615 1362 1001 n/a 1209 1015 1157 1002 1200
ALL 4.6% 2.4% 1.2% 0.6% 0.3% 3.9% 1.5% 4.7% 19.6% 2.9% 2.9%
Gender
Male 4.6% 2.3% 0.8% 0.2% 0.3% 3.1% 1.7% 4.4% 19.0% 5.6% 2.8%
Female 4.6% 2.4% 1.5% 1.0% 0.3% 4.7% 1.3% 5.1% 20.4% 0.2% 3.0%
Age
15-29 1.2% 1.0% 0.3% 0.4% 2.6% 1.8% 3.3% 24.1% 4.8% 3.9%
30-49 2.5% 1.0% 0.8% 0.0% 3.6% 1.6% 4.4% 18.9% 1.3% 2.2%
50+ 3.4% 1.5% 0.9% 0.5% 5.5% 1.2% 5.2% 12.4% 1.3% 3.0%
Education
Incomplete
n/a 1.7% 0.0% 0.3% n/a 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% 9.8% 3.3% 0.0%
Elementary
Elementary 1.5% 2.3% 0.9% n/a n/a 3.8% 1.0% 0.6% 20.7% 2.8% 2.0%
Incomplete
Secondary: n/a 2.2% 0.6% n/a n/a 2.9% 0.0% 3.4% 23.7% 6.8% 0.0%
Vocational
Secondary:
3.8% 1.7% 3.2% n/a n/a 3.4% 0.8% 2.7% 21.6% 2.8% 2.4%
vocational
Incomplete
Secondary: 3.0% 2.5% 0.0% n/a n/a 3.0% 2.6% 3.0% 28.0% 1.9% 6.1%
Academic
Secondary:
8.9% 1.2% 2.5% n/a n/a 1.9% 0.0% 9.4% 17.9% 1.8% 5.3%
academic
Incomplete
University or 8.9% 1.8% 1.6% n/a n/a 5.4% 4.7% 7.6% 18.8% 2.8% 2.5%
other Tertiary
University or
11.8% 5.2% 2.2% 5.0% 1.3% 5.8% 6.3% 0.0% 19.7% n/a 3.0%
other Tertiary
Income
Low 3.7% 2.0% 0.8% 0.7% 0.2% 1.1% 0.9% 4.1% 21.0% 3.3% 1.6%
Middle 3.3% 4.2% n/a 0.3% 0.4% 5.3% 2.0% 3.3% 14.3% 1.9% 3.1%
High 6.7% 1.8% 2.2% 0.8% 0.5% 3.7% 0.9% 6.0% 20.3% 0.0% 3.6%
Social Class
(29 nations) (5)
Lower class n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Working class
Lower middle
class
Upper middle
class
Upper class (3)
NOTES
(1) "n/a" indicates that the WVS database has no datum for that combination.
(2) A081_A097.- WVS2000: And for which, if any, are you currently doing unpaid voluntary work?
• (A070) Third world development and 6 Ugandans
(3) Only 16 Canadian respondentsor human rights included in "Upper class"
(4) The 1990 data offer no stratified data aside from sex.
(5) Prior to 1 May 2006, it was possible to run cross-tabulations by income group, and in some cases, social class. After that date,
this appears to be no longer possible.
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% "A lot more"
a
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Denm
OR "Somewhat
Fran
U.S.
Nige
T an z
Swe
S p ai
Ugan
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Neth
more"
T o ta
1990
Total
Respondents
ALL n/a This question was first introduced in the Fourth Wave (2000) of the World Values Survey
Male
Female
2000
Total
Respondents
31080 n/a 1821 n/a n/a 1085 n/a n/a 1075 n/a 1080 886 1149
ALL 52.9% n/a 54.0% n/a n/a 45.3% n/a n/a 83.0% n/a 40.4% 35.5% 43.9%
Gender
Male 52.2% n/a 57.1% n/a n/a 47.2% n/a n/a 81.2% n/a 36.7% 33.8% 47.5%
Female 53.5% n/a 51.9% n/a n/a 43.6% n/a n/a 84.6% n/a 45.0% 37.1% 41.2%
Age
15-29 56.3% n/a 64.7% n/a n/a 60.2% n/a n/a 86.2% n/a 39.5% 40.3% 51.7%
30-49 51.8% n/a 53.0% n/a n/a 48.1% n/a n/a 82.4% n/a 40.4% 30.5% 40.5%
50+ 50.0% n/a 49.8% n/a n/a 37.3% n/a n/a 81.6% n/a 42.4% 22.3% 42.2%
Education
Incomplete
Elementary 56.4% n/a 34.6% n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 82.6% n/a 38.5% 32.6% 40.0%
Elementary 52.6% n/a 46.9% n/a n/a 40.2% n/a n/a 81.7% n/a 45.5% 32.3% 45.3%
Incomplete
Secondary:
Vocational 49.1% n/a 43.3% n/a n/a 40.0% n/a n/a 83.8% n/a 44.9% 49.1% 45.9%
Secondary:
vocational 50.1% n/a 52.2% n/a n/a 47.4% n/a n/a 79.8% n/a 33.0% 44.6% 37.4%
Incomplete
Secondary:
Academic
51.5% n/a 50.9% n/a n/a 35.0% n/a n/a 84.8% n/a 50.0% 25.2% 39.8%
Secondary:
academic 52.6% n/a 54.8% n/a n/a 42.0% n/a n/a 85.6% n/a 31.5% 37.4% 35.6%
Incomplete
University or
other Tertiary 53.9% n/a 56.8% n/a n/a 60.0% n/a n/a 75.0% n/a 41.6% 46.6% 46.3%
University or
other Tertiary 57.0% n/a 72.3% n/a n/a 56.1% n/a n/a 90.1% n/a 41.4% n/a 48.1%
Income
Low 54.3% n/a 50.5% n/a n/a 40.5% n/a n/a 80.7% n/a 43.4% 32.9% 40.6%
Middle 52.3% n/a 49.7% n/a n/a 46.9% n/a n/a 89.3% n/a 35.0% 40.4% 44.5%
High 48.5% n/a 64.0% n/a n/a 48.6% n/a n/a 82.9% n/a 35.8% 7.7% 47.4%
Social Class
(29 nations)
Lower class 51.6% n/a 37.8% n/a n/a 43.3% n/a n/a 81.6% n/a 35.9% 37.2% 35.7%
Working class 50.0% n/a 44.3% n/a n/a 37.8% n/a n/a 80.3% n/a 42.0% 33.0% 42.0%
Lower middle
class 55.0% n/a 58.6% n/a n/a 47.2% n/a n/a 84.6% n/a 43.9% 31.7% 45.9%
Upper middle
class 54.0% n/a 61.1% n/a n/a 54.1% n/a n/a 86.9% n/a 39.4% 50.0% 44.3%
Upper class (3)
57.2% n/a 64.3% n/a n/a 20.0% n/a n/a 71.4% n/a 56.0% 50.0% 43.4%
NOTES
(1) E129.- Some people favour, and others are against, having this country provide economic aid to poorer countries. Do you think
thatTOTAL (N=27,906): 52.6 (% more or less or "Somewhatto poorer countries? Would you say we should give ?
(2) this country should provide "A lot more" economic aid more")
Albania: 43.3 ; Algeria: sample consisted21.6 (only respondents
(3) Spain, upper class, 38.2 ; Argentina: of only 7 one other option, A Lot Less: 78.5) ; Bangladesh: 63.1 ; Bosnia and
(4) Uganda, high income group, sample consissted of only 13 respondents.
. A
U.S.
1.31934307
Age Income Level
15-29 30-49 50+ Low Middle High
64.7% 53.0% 49.8% 50.5% 49.7% 64.0%
Educational Attainment: Canadians (N=1,931)
Incomplete Elementary Incomplete Secondary: Incomplete Secondary:
Elementary Secondary: vocational Secondary: academic
Vocational Academic
34.6% 46.9% 43.3% 52.2% 50.9% 54.8%
=1,931)
Incomplete University or
University or other Tertiary
other Tertiary
56.8% 72.3%
Sample Characteristics: 1990
Age Gender Education Income
Total 16-29 30-49 50+ Male Female Lower Med-ium Upper Lower Medium Upper
polled
Canada 1730 403 772 545 861 869 423 752 555 394 588 479
India 2500 946 1124 430 1337 1163 169 430 402 313 359 217
Nigeria 1001 538 394 57 598 403 169 430 402 313 359 217
South Africa 2736 971 1149 615 1258 1478 635 1639 442 599 738 111
United States 1839 330 728 749 940 899 439 783 617 530 630 536
Global 56056
Sample
(N=41
countries)
Sample Characteristics: 2000
Age Gender Education Income
Total 16-29 30-49 50+ Male Female Lower Med-ium Upper Lower Medium Upper
polled
Canada 1931 331 513 356 780 1151 514 906 499 604 562 548
India 2002 543 957 494 1137 865 1040 487 466 416 799 818
Nigeria* 2022 1096 782 144 1032 990 769 775 470 733 663 542
South Africa 3000 1071 1243 685 1500 1500 1691 1168 141 921 639 992
United States 1200 306 524 370 508 692 236 356 604 429 401 299
Tanzania 1171 395 534 217 648 509 620 358 173 462 380 223
Zimbabwe 1002 469 364 169 501 501 583 413 6 342 312 177
Global 118519 35324 48421 34479 56888 61573 43434 49734 24329 35549 36184 31823
Sample
(N=81
countries)
Total 2000 WVS & EVS questions for which data 303
reported in Inglehart (2004):
Total Questions with Nigerian for 2000 wave 164
reported:
* Nigerian Survey details (Inglehart 2004: Research and Marketing Services, Lagos (Principal Investigators: Bukola
404) Bandele and Kareem Tejumola), from Oct. 13 - Nov. 22, 2000 in __ cities ( ).
Multi-stage sampling method until final respondent selection made. Final
respondent selected by quota by age and by sex in all locations.
2000 World Value Survey details ''[The World Values Survey and European Values Study Survey] provide data
(Inglehart 2004: 1) from representaive national samples of the publics of 81 societies comprising 85
percent of the world's population and covering the full range of variation from
societies with per capita incomes below $300 per year ... to more than $35,000
per year; from long-established democracies to authoritarian states; and from
societies with market economies to societies that in the process of emerging
from state-run economies.''.
2000 List of Tables p. vii-xii (Letter coding)
Description # ques-
Section
tions
A Perceptions of Life 76
B Environment 5
C Work 28
D Family 32
E Politics and Society 109
F Religion and Morale 49
G National Identity 4
SUM 303
1990 List of Tables p. ix-xiii
Description # ques-
tions
Ecology 12
Economy 19
Education 4
Emotions 17
Family 46
Gender & Sexuality 18
Government & Politics 51
Health 3
Individual 15
Leisure & friends 4
Morality 20
Religion 51
Society & Nation 32
Work 42
SUM 334
Values
Mater- Mixed Postmat-
ialist erialist
161 1181 544
778 850 45
715 1126 173
1154 1587 196
114 771 295
369 696 24
403 527 55
33927 61203 12820
GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program)
Variable (1-8 Definition Canada India Nigeria South U.S.A. Zambia Maxim Minimu Mean Standard
point scale) (GLOBE 2004:30- (Anglo- Africa um m Deviation
31) phone only) (black Value Value
popn.
only)
Power 4.82 5.47 5.80 4.11 4.88 5.31 5.80 3.89 5.17 0.41
Distance.
Practice ("As
is") The degree to
which members
of a collective
expect power to
Power be distributed 2.70 2.64 2.69 3.65 2.85 2.43 3.65 2.04 2.75 0.35
Distance. evenly
Values
("Should be")
Uncertainty 4.58 4.15 4.29 4.59 4.15 4.10 5.37 2.88 4.16 0.60
The degree to
Avoidance.
which a
Practice ("As
collective relies
is")
on social norms
Uncertainty and procedures 3.75 4.73 5.60 4.79 4.00 4.67 5.61 3.16 4.62 0.61
Avoidance. to alleviate
Values unpredictability
("Should be") of future events
Humane 4.49 4.57 4.10 4.34 4.17 5.23 5.23 3.18 4.09 0.47
Orientation.
Practice ("As
is")
The degree to
which members
of a collective
encourage and
reward
individuals for
being fair,
altruistic,
Humane generous,caring 5.64 5.28 6.09 5.07 5.53 5.53 6.09 4.49 5.42 0.25
Orientation. and kind to
Values others
("Should be")
Institutional 4.38 4.38 4.17 4.39 4.20 4.61 5.22 3.25 4.25 0.42
The degree to
Collectivism.
which
Practice ("As
organizations
is")
and societies
Institutional encourage 4.17 4.71 5.03 4.30 4.17 4.74 5.65 3.83 4.73 0.49
Collectivism. collective
Values distribution of
("Should be") resources and
collective action
In-Group The degree to 4.26 5.92 5.55 5.09 4.25 5.84 6.36 3.53 5.13 0.73
Collectivism. which individuals
Practice ("As express pride,
is") loyalty and
cohesiveness in
their
organizations or
families
The degree to
which individuals
express pride,
loyalty and
In-Group cohesiveness in 5.97 5.32 5.48 4.99 5.77 5.77 6.52 4.94 5.94 0.34
Collectivism. their
Values organizations or
("Should be") families
Assertiveness. The degree to 4.05 3.73 4.79 4.36 4.55 4.07 4.89 3.38 4.14 0.37
Practice ("As which individuals
is") are assertive,
confrontational,
Assertiveness. and aggressive 4.15 4.76 3.23 3.82 4.32 4.38 5.56 2.66 3.82 0.65
Values in their
("Should be") relationships
with others
Gender The degree to 3.70 2.90 3.01 3.27 3.34 2.86 4.88 2.50 3.37 0.37
Egalitarianism. which a
Practice ("As collective
is") minimizes
gender inequality
Gender 5.11 4.51 4.24 4.26 5.06 4.31 3.18 5.17 4.51 0.48
Egalitarianism.
Values
("Should be")
Future 4.44 4.19 4.09 4.64 4.15 3.62 5.07 2.88 3.85 0.46
Orientation. The degree to
Practice ("As which individuals
is") engage in
delaying
Future 5.35 5.60 6.04 5.20 5.31 6.07 6.20 4.33 5.49 0.41
gratification,
Orientation.
planning,
Values
investing in
("Should be")
future
Performance 4.49 4.25 3.92 4.66 4.49 4.16 4.94 3.20 4.10 0.41
The degree to
Orientation.
which a
Practice ("As
collective
is")
encourages and
Performance rewards groups 6.15 6.05 6.27 4.92 6.14 6.24 6.58 4.92 5.94 0.34
Orientation. members for
Values performance
("Should be") improvement
and excellence
Source:
House, Robert J. et al, (2004). Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies , London: Sage.
Nigeria % Canada % Comments Difference Nigeria > 1 Source: Book Nigeria > 1 Nigeria > 1
of range of range (Maximum in % range, std. dev. Page(s) in Table S.D. above S.D. below
ctry.; Canada - from mean GLOBE Order mean mean
Minimum Nigeria 2004
ctry.)
100% 49% Max: Nigeria 51% Yes (high) 539-40 1 Yes (high) No
& Morocco
(tie) Min:
Denmark
40% 41% Max: 1% No 539-40 2 No No
S.Africa
(black) Min:
Colombia
57% 68% Max: 12% No 622-23 3 No No
Switzerland
Min: Russia
100% 24% Max: 76% Yes (high) 622-23 4 Yes (high) No
Thailand
Min:
Switzerland
45% 64% Max: Zambia 19% No 573-74 5 No No
Min:
Germany
100% 72% Max: 28% Yes (high) 573-74 6 Yes (high) No
Nigeria
Min: New
Zealand
47% 57% Max: 11% No 468-71 7 No No
Sweden
Min: Greece
66% 19% Max: El 47% No 468-71 8 No No
Salvador
Min: El
Salvador
71% 26% Max: 46% No 468-71 9 No No
Phillippines
Min:
Denmark
34% 65% Max: 31% Yes (low) 468-71 10 No Yes (low)
Georgia
Min:
Switzerland
Cf. Gire &
Carn 1993
(U. Jos
students)
93% 44% Max: Albania 49% Yes (high) 410-11 11 Yes (high) No
Min:
Sweden
20% 51% Max: Japan 32% No 410-11 12 No No
Min: Turkey
21% 50% Max: 29% No 365-66 13 No No
Hungary
Min:
S.Korea
47% 3% Max: 44% No 365-66 14 No No
England
Min: Egypt
55% 71% Max: 16% No 304-06 15 No No
Singapore
Min: Russia
91% 55% Max: 37% Yes (high) 304-06 16 Yes (high) No
Thailand
Min:
Denmark
41% 74% Max: 33% No 250-01 17 No No
Switzerland
Min: Greece
81% 74% Max: El 7% No 250-01 18 No No
Salvador
Min:
S.Africa
(black)
es , London: Sage.
Bond et al. (2004). Social Axioms Across 41 Cultures
Variable (1-8 Canada India Nigeria: U.S.A.: Max. Min. Mean Standard
point scale) Yoruba only Caucasian Deviation
only
Dynamic 65.9 72.5 74.8 65.6 81.7 55.6 65.5 6.5
Externality (1)
Societal 51.0 60.2 58.0 50.7 64.3 48.2 57.5 4.5
Cynicism (2)
NOTES
(1) Aggregate of responses to Reward for Application (10 items), Religiosity (8 items), Fate Control (2 items), and Social Complexity (1 item)
(2) Aggregate of responses to 11 "cynicism" items, e.g. To care about societal affairs only brings trouble for yourself; Kind-hearted people
usually suffer losses; Old people are usually stubborn and biased.
(3) Bond, Michael Harris et al. (2004). "Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlates across 41 Cultures," Journal of Cross-
Cultural Psychology, 35(5): 548-570. http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~mgkleung/sa.htm
Bond et al (2004), p. 564
Dynamic Externality Societal Cynicism
Index Raw M SD Index Raw M SD
Pakistan 81.7 4.08 0.28 Pakistan 64.30 3.22 0.47
Malaysia 80.9 4.04 0.28 Georgia 64.30 3.21 0.46
Indonesia 79.6 3.98 0.31 Estonia 64.10 3.21 0.44
Iran 79.6 3.98 0.46 Thailand 64.10 3.20 0.42
Nigeria-Yoruba 74.8 3.74 0.27 Taiwan 63.70 3.18 0.47
India 72.5 3.63 0.35 Greece 63.50 3.18 0.42
Philippines 72.3 3.61 0.38 Korea 62.40 3.12 0.43
Thailand 71.6 3.58 0.26 Peru 62.20 3.11 0.48
Turkey 70.2 3.51 0.50 Japan 61.40 3.07 0.46
Georgia 69.6 3.48 0.35 Germany 61.00 3.05 0.55
South-Africa-(Caucasian) 68.4 3.42 0.30 Germany-(East) 66.30 3.31 0.48
Peru 68.4 3.42 0.35 Germany-(West) 59.30 2.96 0.43
Hong-Kong 68.1 3.41 0.33 Romania 60.90 3.05 0.50
Taiwan 67.8 3.39 0.33 India 60.20 3.01 0.56
Venezuela 67.4 3.37 0.35 Hong-Kong 60.20 3.01 0.43
Russia 66.8 3.34 0.30 Russia 59.70 2.98 0.38
Singapore 66.8 3.34 0.41 Latvia 59.50 2.97 0.44
Korea 66.1 3.31 0.37 Lebanon 59.10 2.95 0.47
Canada 65.9 3.30 0.43 Belgium 58.90 2.95 0.46
Romania 65.7 3.29 0.38 Belgium-(Dutch) 59.10 2.95 0.44
Brazil 65.6 3.28 0.49 Belgium-(French) 58.80 2.94 0.46
6
United-States-(Caucasian) 5.6 3.28 0.41 China 58.80 2.94 0.46
Lebanon 65 3.25 0.47 France 58.20 2.91 0.51
Latvia 64.9 3.25 0.40 Hungary 58.10 2.90 0.47
Greece 64.1 3.20 0.42 Nigeria-Yoruba 58.00 2.90 0.49
Portugal 63.7 3.19 0.39 Iran 56.70 2.83 0.57
Finland 63.7 3.18 0.38 Venezuela 56.60 2.83 0.50
China 63.5 3.17 0.33 Singapore 56.20 2.81 0.42
Estonia 63.3 3.17 0.35 Malaysia 55.40 2.77 0.43
New-Zealand 62 3.10 0.34 Spain 55.30 2.76 0.46
United-Kingdom 61.9 3.10 0.37 Czech-Republic 54.60 2.73 0.45
Germany 61.3 3.06 0.34 Turkey 54.60 2.73 0.49
Germany-(East) 63.9 3.20 54.50
0.47 South-Africa-(Caucasian) 2.72 0.48
Germany-(West) 60.4 3.02 0.33 Portugal 54.30 2.71 0.43
Czech-Republic 60.9 3.05 0.35 Philippines 53.60 2.68 0.54
Japan 60.2 3.01 0.32 New-Zealand 53.30 2.67 0.46
Israel 59.7 2.98 0.40 Finland 53.10 2.65 0.45
Hungary 59.6 2.98 0.41 United-Kingdom 52.70 2.64 0.42
France 59.3 2.96 0.52 Brazil 52.60 2.63 0.46
Norway 58.5 2.93 0.45 Israel 52.40 2.62 0.54
Netherlands 57.7 2.89 0.37 Netherlands 51.70 2.59 0.47
Italy 57.3 2.86 0.46 Italy 51.30 2.56 0.53
Spain 56.9 2.85 0.40 Canada 51.00 2.55 0.54
Belgium 56.8 2.84 0.46 Indonesia 51.00 2.55 0.46
Belgium-(Dutch) 57.9 2.90 50.70
0.35 United-States-(Caucasian) 2.53 0.47
Belgium-(French) 55.6 2.78 0.46 Norway 48.20 2.41 0.43
MEAN 65.5 6.5 MEAN 57.5 4.5
Source: Bond, Michael Harris et al. (2004). "Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlates across 41 Cultures," Journal of
Cross-Cultural Psychology , 35(5): 548-570.
Citizen Scores of Social Axioms % of range
Social Social Reward for Fate Social Social Reward for
Citizen Cynicism Complexity Application Religiosity Control Cynicism Complexity Application
American
(Caucasian) 2.65 4.10 3.66 3.18 2.46 4.0% 61.4% 43.2%
Belgian 2.97 4.03 3.36 2.58 2.58
Brazilian 2.81 3.98 3.54 3.39 2.49
British 2.75 4.11 3.46 2.81 2.35
Canadian 2.63 4.20 3.74 3.10 2.43 1.3% 75.7% 50.5%
Chinese 3.03 4.08 3.74 2.92 2.90
Czech 2.77 4.10 3.29 3.10 2.62
Dutchman 2.62 4.18 3.18 2.73 2.56
Estonian 3.16 4.11 3.81 2.70 2.81
Filipino 2.84 4.09 4.03 3.52 2.60
Finn 2.76 4.08 3.59 3.07 2.54
French 3.05 4.08 3.56 2.60 2.62
Georgian 3.37 3.88 3.69 3.65 3.00
German 3.32 4.33 3.76 2.93 2.77
Greek 3.32 4.02 3.73 3.13 2.37
Hong Kong
Chinese 3.13 4.08 3.70 3.44 2.69
Hungarian 2.96 4.13 3.40 2.99 2.67
Indian 3.04 3.92 4.19 3.37 2.97 56.0% 35.7% 91.0%
Indonesian 2.72 3.96 4.14 4.22 2.91
Iranian 2.89 3.79 4.12 4.15 2.85
Israeli 2.76 4.16 3.60 2.60 2.53
Italian 2.74 4.01 3.28 2.72 2.29
Japanese 3.16 4.04 3.50 2.65 2.59
Korean 3.16 3.98 3.85 3.10 2.98
Latvian 3.05 4.02 3.58 3.10 2.77
Lebanese 3.05 4.11 3.77 3.10 2.47
Malaysian 2.88 3.93 4.29 4.30 2.96
New
Zealander 2.77 4.14 3.59 2.83 2.34
Nigerian 2.98 3.89 4.04 3.67 3.08 48.0% 31.4% 77.5%
Norwegian 2.66 4.37 3.53 2.55 2.01
Pakistani 3.29 3.77 4.15 4.40 3.15
Peruvian 3.29 3.67 3.88 3.21 2.48
Portuguese 2.87 3.90 3.61 3.09 2.43
Romanian 3.23 3.72 3.74 3.29 2.55
Russian 3.09 3.86 3.82 3.12 2.97
Singaporean 2.93 4.14 3.78 3.24 2.52
Spaniard 2.89 4.14 3.48 2.40 2.27
Taiwanese 3.30 4.22 3.87 3.22 3.01
Thai 3.22 3.80 3.98 3.43 3.14
Turk 2.94 4.14 3.97 3.48 2.68
Source:
http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~mgkleung/sa.htm
Nigeria % of Canada % Comments Difference Nigeria > 1
range of range (Maximum in % range, std. dev.
ctry.; Canada - from mean
Minimum Nigeria
ctry.)
74% 39% Max: 34% Yes (high) Yes (high) No
Pakistan,
Malaysia,
Indonesia,
Iran, Nigeria
(Yoruba)
Min:
Netherlands,
Italy, Spain,
Belgium
61% 17% Max: 43% No No No
Pakistan,
Georgia,
Estonia,
Thailand,
Taiwan
Min:
Netherlands,
Italy,
Canada,
Indonesia,
U.S.A.
(Caucasian),
Norway
Social Complexity (1 item)
lf; Kind-hearted people
Cultures," Journal of Cross-
oss 41 Cultures," Journal of
% of range
Fate
Religiosity Control
39.0% 39.5%
35.0% 36.8%
48.5% 84.2%
63.5% 93.9%
Nigeria (N=2,022)
Christians (2) Muslims Minimum Maximum
World Values Survey (2000) Mean value / Mean value
Composite value scale (1) Std. Std. Country: / Country:
Mean Mean Faith Faith
deviation deviation
Encouraging determination & 0.17 0.66
perseverance in children (fraction 0.25 0.43 0.19 0.39 (Macedonian (Albanian
selecting) Muslims) Christians)
Encouraging respect for others in 0.46 0.86
children (fraction selecting) 0.61 0.49 0.55 0.50 (Ugandan (Albanian
Muslims) Christians)
Importance of God (1="extremely 1.22 5.03
important"; 10="no importance") 1.42 1.26 1.28 1.07 (Tanzanian (Bulgarian
Protestants) Christians)
Religiosity (belief in God, importance 0.47 3.78 (Monte-
in raising children, etc.) (0="high"; (Nigerian negran
1="low") Muslims) & Christians)
0.60 0.73 0.47 0.68
0.47
(Tanzanian
Protestants)
Secularism (degree to which 3.04 6.92 (Mace-
politicians' religious beliefs are (Nigerian donian
3.42 1.65 3.04 1.35 Christians)
irrelevant) (2="non-secular"; 10="highly Muslims)
secular")
Fatalism vs. Free Choice (1="What I 4.77 (Indian 7.17
do has no real effect on what happens Muslims) (Nigerian
to me"; 10="complete freedom over 7.17 2.35 6.84 2.53 Chris-tians)
their lives")
Marriage and Family (importance of 0.49 1.77 (Mace-
love, respect, and children and both (Nigerian donian
0.61 0.83 0.49 0.76 Muslims)
parents in families) (0="high"; 7="low") Muslims)
Women and Work (tolerance for 5.64 (Indian 6.72
working mothers; both husband and Muslims) (Albanian
wife should contribute to household 6.64 1.16 6.39 1.29 Christians)
income) (0="low approval"; 10="high
approval")
Sexual tolerance (abortion, 3.52 10.41
homosexuality, prostitution/casual (Tanzanian (Bulgarian
4.95 4.12 4.37 3.41 Roman Christians)
relationships) (3="not justifiable";
30="justifiable") Catholics)
Political participation (interest in 4.60 (Bosnian 5.54 (Tanza-
politics, willingness to join Muslims) nian
4.82 1.54 4.97 1.57 Muslims)
boycott/peaceful demonstration)
(1="very low"; 9="very high")
Notes
(1) Only those 10 composite scales, out of 18 examined, that were significant at p = 50% of
range)
Religion Count 22 2
19
Family Count
18
Work Count 4
Family Count 13 5
Morality Count 8 2
6
Govern-ment and Politics Count
Govern-ment and Politics Count 5
5
Govern-ment and Politics Count 1
Economy Count 4 1
Gender and Sexuality Count 3 2
Govern-ment and Politics Count 3 3
Leisure / Friends Count 2
Society and nation Count 2 3
Individual Count 2
Morality Count 2 23
Govern-ment and Politics Count 2
Society and Nation Count 2
Largest Canadian-
1
Nigerian Differences (>
Work Count 49% of range)
Family Count 1 WVS 2000
Religion Count 1 Economy 8.7%
Emotions Count 1 Emotions 0.0%
Gender and Sexuality Count 1 Family 17.4%
Health Count 1 Gender and Sexuality 21.7%
Society and nation Count 1 Government and Politics 8.7%
Economy Count 1 Health 0.0%
Gender and Sexuality Count 1 Individual 0.0%
Family Count 1 Leisure / Friends 4.3%
Gender and Sexuality Count 1 Morality 4.3%
Family Count 1 Perceptions of Life 8.7%
Work Count 1 Religion 13.0%
Economy Count 1 Society and nation 0.0%
Society and Nation Count 1 Work 13.0%
Economy Count 1 Ecology 0.0%
Work Count 1 TOTALS 100.0%
Economy Count 1
Individual Count 1
1 Largest Canadian-
Nigerian Differences (>
Govern-ment and Politics Count 49% of range)
Family Count 1 WVS 2000
Individual Count 1 Gender and Sexuality 21.7%
Economy Count 1 Perceptions of Life 8.7%
Religion Count 1 Economy 8.7%
Govern-ment and Politics Count 1 Family 17.4%
Education Count 1 Religion 13.0%
Economy Count 1 Work 13.0%
Society and Nation Count 1 Ecology 0.0%
Economy Count 1 Emotions 0.0%
Society and Nation Count 1 Leisure / Friends 4.3%
Gender and Sexuality Count 1 Individual 0.0%
Society and Nation Count 1 Health 0.0%
Govern-ment and Politics Count 1 Morality 4.3%
Morality Count 1 Society and nation 0.0%
Govern-ment and Politics Count 1 Government and Politics 8.7%
Perceptions of Life Count 1 TOTALS 100.0%
Grand Count 154
WVS 1990 - WVS 2000 - WVS 1990 -
Largest Smallest Smallest Pew 2002 - Pew 2002 - Pew 2002 -
Disparity Disparity Disparity Largest Smallest Largest
Disparity Disparity (>
49%) ( Nigerian Differences Canadian-Nigerian
49% of range) ( Nigerian Differences Canadian-Nigerian
49% of range) (< 16% of range) percentages
WVS 1990 WVS 2000 WVS 1990 WVS 2000 WVS 1990
5.0% 0.0% 5.4% 21.7% -0.4%
0.0% 3.2% 0.0% 5.5% 0.0%
6.7% 6.5% 5.4% 2.2% 1.3%
20.0% 16.1% 10.7% 1.3% 9.3%
21.7% 12.9% 14.3% 0.1% 7.4%
16.7% 12.9% 10.7% 0.1% 6.0%
3.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.3%
0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 0.0% -3.6%
0.0% 6.5% 1.8% -2.1% -1.8%
10.0% 3.2% 8.9% -3.2% 1.1%
0.0% 3.2% 1.8% -3.2% -1.8%
6.7% 9.7% 16.1% -5.3% -9.4%
5.0% 6.5% 8.9% -6.5% -3.9%
5.0% 19.4% 12.5% -10.7% -7.5%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Pew 2002 -
Largest-
Smallest
Smallest,
Disparity
Difference
(<16%)
Percentages
0.0% 12.9%
0.0% 9.7%
20.8% 5.0%
0.0% 3.2%
8.3% 1.3%
4.2% -0.9%
29.2% -3.4%
20.8% -11.2%
16.7% -16.7%
100.0% 0.0%
Number of Persons
Surveyed Nigeria &
Total Canada
Date Total
Coun- Survey
Survey Survey
Survey Title tries or Response Survey Team
Per- Total Cana- Nige- Items
Socie- Pairs in
formed Survey dians rians (Scales)
ties this
Report (2)
World Values 1990 43 56,056 780 1001 338 224 Nigeria: RMS (Gallup
Survey 1990 Nigeria), Kareem
(Principle Tejumola & R.
Investigator: Inglehart (face-to-face
Ronald interviews). Canada:
Inglehart, Gallup Canada .
University of
Michigan)
World Values 2000 81 118,519 1151 2022 302 123 Nigeria: 2000:
Survey 2000 Research and
(Principle Marketing Services:
Investigator: Bukola Bandele;
Ronald Canada: Canadian
Inglehart, Facts: Neil Nevitte -
University of Univ. Toronto.
Michigan)
James T. Gire 1992 (?) 2 230 110 120 12 12 James T. Gire &
& (Canad student student D.W.Carment, Dept. of
D.W.Carment, a& s at s at Psychology, McMaster
Dept. of Nigeria McMast Univer University. "Dealing
Psychology, only) er sity of with Disputes: The
McMaster Univers Jos Influence of
University ity Individualism-
Collectivism," Journal
of Social Psychology
133(1):81-95.
GLOBE Study 1997 62 17,370 ? Range of 27 735 items, reduced to Nigeria: The Center
of 62 middle- to 1,790 per nine dimensions, each for Sustainable
Societies level country, average scored by Practices Development and
(Global manager size 251. 25.2% and Values Gender Issues:
Leadership s female Bolanle Elizabeth
and respondents Akande; Appropriate
Organizational (p.96) Development
Behavior Associates: Babajide
Effectiveness Samuel Adetoun
research
program)
(Robert J.
House,
University of
Pennsylvania,
Principle
Investigator)
Pew Global 2002 44 38,263 500 1000 156 105 Nigeria: Research
Attitudes (Canada: International (face-to-
Project (Pew July; face interviews).
Research Nigeria: Canada: Environics
Center for The September (via telephone).
People & The )
Press)
Social Axioms 2002 (?) 41 9,924 ? Range of 52 60 items, reduced by Principle
Survey (Italy) up to 710 factor analysis to five Investigators: Michael
http://personal. (India). N.B. dimensions (Social Harris Bond & Kwok
cityu.edu.hk/~ Only Yoruba- cynicism; Social Leung, City University
mgkleung/sa.ht Nigerians were complexity; Reward for of Hong Kong.
m surveyed. application; Religiosity; Nigeria: Andrew
Fate control), then to Mogaji, University of
two (Social Cynicism; Lagos. Canada:
Dynamic Externality) Richard H.G. Field,
University of Alberta.
Voice of the 2005 68 53,749 1,001, 500, Published 18 Nigeria: Research &
People 2006 / (June) via face-to- survey Marketing Services
Gallup telepho face, contains Ltd. Canada: Léger
International ne, "main 18 Marketing
"nationa cities" questions
l" (1)
Counts 3541 5143 826 500
(1) Léger Marketing / Gallup International (2006). Voice of the People 2006 , Montreal: Transcontinental Books.
(2) Not all Nigerian-Canadian data pairs published in the individual surveys are included in this report.
Comments
http://www.worldvaluessur
vey.org The web version
of the database permits
users to stratify the
individual country data
according to the following
respondent characteristics:
gender, income,
education, social class,
population of community.
Nigeria also participated in
the 1995 WVS "third
wave" survey.
Carment is now at the
Norman Paterson School
of International Affairs,
Carleton University.
http://www.sagepub.com/b
ook.aspx?pid=9927
"Margin of Error: Canada,
4.4%; Nigeria: 3.1%".
http://pewglobal.org/report
s/pdf/185.pdf (pg. 119-
125)
"Gender-balanced".
7,672 university students
sample: Under 20 years:
56%; 21-30 years: 42%.
2,252 Adults sample: Age
distribution: Under 20: 5%;
21-30: 28%; 31-40: 20%;
41-50: 26%; 51-60: 15%;
60 and older: 6%
Eight sub-Saharan
countries were included:
Cameroon, Ethiopia,
Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria,
Senegal, S.Africa, Togo.
Survey samples ranged
from 488 (Togo) up to
2,219 (Kenya).
nental Books.
port.
SourceOECD international development statistics [electronic resource].
Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows - Part I
Flow Total Receipts Net Total ODA Gross
Recipient Nigeria Nigeria
Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000
Donor
AUSTRIA 1.51 1.69 2.17 4.3 9.9 1.51
BELGIUM 49.59 2.98 1.3 0.67 -41.82 0.26
CANADA 1.82 4.47 18.06 12.37 15.17 1.82
DENMARK 3.2 -3.73 0.03 0.01 1.57 3.19
FINLAND 0.12 0.14 0.31 0.22 0.25 0.12
FRANCE 176.43 578.45 -180.56 1212.31 -142.61 4.1
GERMANY 23.82 -113.99 3272.04 -1531.62 -176.52 11.28
GREECE 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.33 0.29 0.01
IRELAND 0.99 0.93 1.48 2.24 1.78 0.99
ITALY -1672.83 4.24 217.68 3.58 602.51 0.94
LUXEMBOURG - - 0.03 - 0.02 -
NETHERLANDS 67.74 446.55 440.41 455.55 724.97 0.26
PORTUGAL - - 0.01 1155.45 0.01 -
SPAIN 0.2 2.56 0.45 0.41 0.56 0.2
SWEDEN 0.82 0.67 2.02 1.11 -0.45 0.82
UNITED KINGDOM 62.93 164.88 170.03 131.96 368.39 22.89
UNITED STATES -280 227.59 994.4 864.82 -41.51 32.53
EC -13.34 5.9 2.21 13.84 76.06 4.27
http://oecd-stats.ingenta.com/OECD/eng/TableViewer/wdsview/dispviewp.asp
SourceOECD: Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows - Part I
Includes the data of the print publications: External debt statistics; External debt statistics. Historical data. Resource flows, debt stocks and debt service = Sta
Canada, historiques. Apports de ressources, encours et service0.37% dette; and, 0.53%
Données % -0.12% 0.34% de la Geographical distribution of financial flows to aid recipients = Répartition gé
1.08% 2.14%
Sum -1576.99 1323.34 4942.13 2327.55 1398.57 85.19
Average, 2000-04 1682.92
Cdn avg, US$ mill 10.378
Cdn avg, % total 0.44%
Flow Total Receipts Net, US $, millions
Recipient Nigeria
Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Mean, 2000-04
Canada $1.82 $4.47 $18.06 $12.37 $15.17 $10.38
EC ($13.34) $5.90 $2.21 $13.84 $76.06 $16.93
France $176.43 $578.45 ($180.56) $1,212.31 ($142.61) $328.80
Germany $23.82 ($113.99) $3,272.04 ($1,531.62) ($176.52) $294.75
Italy ($1,672.83) $4.24 $217.68 $3.58 $602.51 ($168.96)
Netherlands $67.74 $446.55 $440.41 $455.55 $724.97 $427.04
United Kingdom $62.93 $164.88 $170.03 $131.96 $368.39 $179.64
United States ($280.00) $227.59 $994.40 $864.82 ($41.51) $353.06
Total, OECD ($1,642.49) $2,310.53 $5,948.48 $4,576.70 $3,443.44 $2,927.33
otal ODA Gross Total ODA Net
Nigeria
2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002
1.69 2.17 4.3 9.9 1.51 1.69 2.17
0.45 0.42 0.67 1.16 0.26 0.45 0.42
4.47 18.06 12.37 15.17 1.82 4.47 18.06
0.48 0.03 0.1 0.01 3.2 -3.53 0.03
0.15 0.31 0.21 0.25 0.12 0.15 0.31
14.81 8.79 7.99 10.08 4.1 14.81 8.79
13.32 45.98 16.41 20.37 11.28 13.32 37.71
0.01 0.06 0.33 0.29 0.01 0.01 0.06
0.93 1.48 2.24 1.78 0.99 0.93 1.48
1.12 0.96 0.17 0.89 0.94 1.12 0.96
- 0.03 - 0.02 - - 0.03
2.8 2.77 6.99 4.93 0.26 2.8 2.77
- 0.01 - 0.01 - - 0.01
2.91 0.45 0.41 0.56 0.2 2.91 0.45
0.67 1.46 1.33 1.16 0.82 0.67 1.46
32.79 41.72 42.59 126.1 22.89 32.79 41.71
24.65 76.08 98.72 120.15 32.53 24.65 76.08
23.93 11.23 20.01 77.89 -8.08 11.38 7.95
esource flows, debt stocks and debt service = Statistiques de la dette extérieure.
f financial flows to aid recipients = Répartition géographique des ressources
3.57% 8.52% 5.76% 3.88% 2.50% 4.12% 9.01%
125.18 212.01 214.84 390.72 72.85 108.62 200.45
Net Aid to Nigeria from major OECD donors
$4,000
$3,000
Net receipts, US $, millions
$2,000
$1,000
$0
Net receipts, US
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
($1,000)
($2,000)
Canada EC France
Germany Italy Netherlands
United Kingdom United States
ODA Loans Gross
Nigeria
2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
4.3 9.9 - - - - -
0.67 1.16 - - - - -
12.37 15.17 - - - - -
0.01 -1.09 3.17 - - - -
0.21 0.25 - - - - -
7.99 7.38 - - - - -
10.33 13.67 - 1.97 32.86 - -
0.33 0.29 - - - - -
2.24 1.78 - - - - -
0.17 -0.68 - - - - 0.47
- 0.02 - - - - -
6.99 3.84 - - - - -
- 0.01 - - - - -
0.41 0.56 - 0.42 - - -
1.33 1.16 - - - - -
42.59 126.09 - 1.01 0.35 1.36 46.64
98.72 120.15 - - - - -
18.46 76.06 - 0.9 1.3 - 0.96
5.97% 4.04%
207.12 375.72
ODA Loans Net ODA Grants
Nigeria Nigeria
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001
- - - - - 1.51 1.69
- - - - - 0.26 0.45
- - - - - 1.82 4.47
3.17 -4.01 - -0.09 -1.1 0.02 0.48
- - - - - 0.12 0.15
- - - - -2.7 4.1 14.81
- 1.97 24.58 -6.09 -6.69 11.28 11.35
- - - - - 0.01 0.01
- - - - - 0.99 0.93
- - - - -1.1 0.94 1.12
- - - - - - -
- - - - -1.09 0.26 2.8
- - - - - - -
- 0.42 - - - 0.2 2.49
- - - - - 0.82 0.67
- 1.01 0.35 1.36 46.64 22.89 31.78
- - - - - 32.53 24.65
-12.35 -11.65 -1.98 -1.54 -0.87 4.27 23.03
Technical Cooperation Grants
Nigeria
2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003
2.17 4.3 9.9 0.63 0.49 0.45 0.51
0.42 0.67 1.16 0.26 0.45 0.42 0.67
18.06 12.37 15.17 1.33 0.23 0.33 0.83
0.03 0.1 0.01 - - - -
0.31 0.21 0.25 0.09 0.11 0.17 0.06
8.79 7.99 10.08 4.1 14.65 5.52 7.42
13.12 16.41 20.37 10.42 10.35 12.19 16.03
0.06 0.33 0.29 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.33
1.48 2.24 1.78 - 0.08 0.26 0.43
0.96 0.17 0.42 0.08 0.07 0.23 0.05
0.03 - 0.02 - - - -
2.77 6.99 4.93 0.09 0.56 0.85 -
0.01 - 0.01 - - 0.01 -
0.45 0.41 0.56 - 0.06 0.37 0.39
1.46 1.33 1.16 - - - -
41.37 41.23 79.46 11.31 17.47 22 27.58
76.08 98.72 120.15 25.02 23.22 68.8 90.49
9.93 20.01 76.93 - - 0.2 2.99
Food Aid ODA Commitments
Nigeria Nigeria
2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000
0.44 - - - - - 1.5
0.57 - - - - - 0.26
1.37 - - - - 0.01 6.79
- - - - - - -
0.06 - - - - - 0.25
7.86 - - - - - 6.22
17.46 - - - - - 13.01
0.29 - - - - - 0.01
0.37 - - - - - 0.99
0.18 - - - - - 0.94
- - - - - - -
0.82 - - - - - 0.13
0.01 - - - - - -
0.28 - - - - - 0.2
- - - - - - 0.78
44.64 - - - - - 22.89
112.39 2.51 0.06 6.98 7.58 6.85 94.46
49.56 - - - - - 64.19
DA Commitments ODA Grant Commitments
Nigeria
2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002
1.62 2.11 4.24 9.85 1.5 1.62 2.11
0.45 0.42 0.67 1.16 0.26 0.45 0.42
4.03 22 42.48 14.28 6.79 4.03 22
- - - - - - -
0.18 0.34 0.1 0.25 0.25 0.18 0.34
15.65 10.56 16.65 8.22 6.22 15.65 10.56
17.34 53.93 15.98 28.52 13.01 17.34 21.15
0.01 0.06 0.33 0.29 0.01 0.01 0.06
0.93 1.48 2.24 1.78 0.99 0.93 1.48
1 0.95 0.05 0.9 0.94 1 0.95
- 0.03 - 0.02 - - 0.03
3.69 0.74 5.65 0.4 0.13 3.69 0.74
- 0.01 - 0.01 - - 0.01
2.92 0.45 0.41 0.56 0.2 2.49 0.45
1.33 1.85 0.69 1.05 0.78 1.33 1.85
32.79 41.72 42.59 126.1 22.89 31.78 41.37
89.42 105.25 89.16 121.28 94.46 89.42 105.25
64.53 9.18 23.64 369.02 64.19 60.05 9.18
ODA Loan Commitments
Nigeria
2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
4.24 9.85 - - - - -
0.67 1.16 - - - - -
42.48 14.28 - - - - -
- - - - - - -
0.1 0.25 - - - - -
16.65 8.22 - - - - -
15.98 28.52 - - 32.79 - -
0.33 0.29 - - - - -
2.24 1.78 - - - - -
0.05 0.43 - - - - 0.47
- 0.02 - - - - -
5.65 0.4 - - - - -
- 0.01 - - - - -
0.41 0.56 - 0.42 - - -
0.69 1.05 - - - - -
41.23 79.46 - 1.01 0.35 1.36 46.64
89.16 121.28 - - - - -
23.64 306.9 - 4.48 - - 62.12
ODF Net Disbursements Total Official Gross
Nigeria Nigeria
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001
- - - - - 1.51 1.69
- - - - - 0.26 0.45
- - - - - 1.82 4.47
- - - - - 3.19 0.48
- - - - - 0.12 0.15
- - - - - 4.1 14.81
- - - - - 11.28 13.32
- - - - - 0.01 0.01
- - - - - 0.99 0.93
- - - - - 0.94 0.47
- - - - - - -
- - - - - 1.58 4.05
- - - - - - -
- - - - - 0.2 3.68
- - - - - 0.82 0.67
- - - - - 22.89 32.79
- - - - - 32.53 24.65
- - - - - 4.27 23.93
Total Official Net
Nigeria
2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003
2.17 4.3 9.9 1.51 1.69 2.17 4.3
0.42 183.3 1.16 0.26 0.45 0.42 183.3
18.06 12.37 15.17 1.82 4.47 18.06 12.37
0.03 0.1 2.67 3.2 -3.73 0.03 0.01
0.31 0.21 0.25 0.12 0.15 0.31 0.21
8.79 1392.77 10.08 4.1 11.57 8.79 1288.23
3280.98 -1340.77 37.23 10.99 -186.07 3271.67 -1479.43
0.06 0.33 0.29 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.33
1.48 2.24 1.78 0.99 0.93 1.48 2.24
0.96 -0.49 2037.18 0.94 0.47 0.96 -0.49
0.03 - 0.02 - - 0.03 -
53.62 6.99 9.28 1.58 4.05 53.62 6.99
0.01 - 0.01 - - 0.01 -
0.45 0.41 0.56 0.2 3.68 0.45 0.41
1.46 1.33 1.16 0.82 0.67 1.46 1.33
41.72 42.59 124.84 22.89 32.79 41.71 42.59
76.08 539.63 120.15 0 6.59 72.4 497.82
11.23 21.58 77.89 -13.34 5.9 2.21 13.84
Total OOF Gross Total OOF Net
Nigeria Nigeria
2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000
9.9 - - - - - -
-42.1 - - - - - -
15.17 - - - - - -
1.57 - - - - - -
0.25 - - - - - -
-20.72 - - - - - -
-91.84 - - - - - -
0.29 - - - - - -
1.78 - - - - - -
610.21 - - - - - -
0.02 - - - - - -
8.19 - - - - - -
0.01 - - - - - -
0.56 - - - - - -
1.16 - - - - - -
124.83 - - - - - -
74.49 - - - - - -
76.06 - - - - - -
Contractual Lending Gross
Nigeria
2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
Contractual Lending Net
Nigeria
2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
Total Export Credits Gross Total Export Credits Net
Nigeria Nigeria
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
Private Export Credits Gross
Nigeria
2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
Private Sector Net Direct Investment
Nigeria Nigeria
2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
irect Investment Portfolio Investment
Nigeria
2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
Private Export Credits Net
Nigeria
2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
- - - - - - -
Inglehart, Ronald Human Values and Beliefs: A Cross-Cultural Sourcebook: Political, Religious, Sexual, and Economic Norms in 43
Societies: Findings from the 1990—1993 Word Values Survey , University of Michigan Press, 1998
Inglehart, Ronald; Basanez, Miguel et al. (2004) Human Beliefs and Values: a cross-cultural sourcebook based on the 1999-2002 values
surveys Mexico: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, S.A.
Esmer, Yilmaz (2003) ''Is There an Islamic Civilization?'' In: Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Values Surveys , Ronald
Inglehart, Ed., Brill, p.35-68. Draft version (without tables) available from: http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/Upload/5_Esmer.pdf
House, Robert J. et al, (2004). Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies , London: Sage.
Bond, Michael Harris et al. (2004). "Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlates across 41 Cultures," Journal of Cross-
Cultural Psychology , 35(5): 548-570.
Pew Global Attitudes Project: 44-Nation Major Survey (2002) http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/165topline.pdf (Q.16-60) http://people-
press.org/reports/pdf/185topline.pdf (Q.2-15,35,55,67-78)