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End of Chapter Solutions to Accompany
TECHNOLOGY IN ACTION, FIFTH EDITION
CHAPTER 1
WHY COMPUTERS MATTER TO YOU:
BECOMING COMPUTER LITERATE
CHAPTER REVIEW
Buzz Words/Word Bank
affective computing
Bluetooth
computer forensics
computer literate
data mining
digital divide
digital home
information technology (IT)
nanotechnology
offshoring
patient simulator
personal digital assistant (PDA)
Personal Shopper System (PSS)
public domain
radio frequency identification tags (RFID tags)
spam
Instructions: Fill in the blanks using the words from the Word Bank above.
Because of the integration of computers into business and society, many fields of study are available now that
were unheard of a few years ago. (1) Nanotechnology, the study of very small computing devices built at the
molecular level, will provide major advances in the miniaturization of computing. (2) Computer forensics is
already taking criminologists beyond what they could accomplish with conventional investigation techniques.
And as the science of (3) affective computing advances, computers will perform more and more like human
beings in emotion and social cueing.
There are many reasons to know more about computing, or to become (4) computer literate. It can help you in
eliminating unwanted emails or (5) spam. You will know how to upgrade your system to the latest standards, like
the wireless communication technology (6) Bluetooth. More and more aspects of how our homes are run are
being coordinated through computers, giving rise to the term (7) digital home. You may even find you enjoy
computers so much you want to explore careers in (8) information technology (IT).
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Those who fail to keep up with the knowledge of how to use and maintain computer systems will fall to one side
of the gap known as the (9) digital divide. As an entire country begins to lose computer expertise, jobs leave and
are relocated in other, more tech-savvy countries. This shift of work is known as (10) offshoring.
Self-Test
Instructions: Answer the multiple choice and true/false questions below for more practice with key terms and
concepts from this chapter.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is NOT a use of computers in the legal environment?
a. Creating animations that simulate the crime for use in the courtroom
b. Tracking criminal behavior patterns
c. Predicting criminal behavior patterns
d. Conducting interviews with suspects
ANSWER: D
2. Art interfaces with technology by
a. using a computer to generate images that respond to the environment.
b. having computers suggest appropriate color choices.
c. using software that completes the plot of a story.
d. having Web sites that search for prospective clients for artists.
ANSWER: B
3. Nanotechnology is science of things on the order of
a. inches.
b. milometers.
c. nanometers.
d. nanobytes.
ANSWER: C
4. Computer systems can NOT be trained to understand
a. the U.S. tax code.
b. human emotion.
c. a good joke.
d. the perfect golf swing.
ANSWER: C
5. The most wired country in the world is
a. Germany.
b. Japan.
c. the U.S.
d. South Korea.
ANSWER: D
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6. A device that tracks movement is a(n)
a. PSS.
b. RFID tag.
c. PDA.
d. patient simulator.
ANSWER: B
7. Which of the following is NOT a good reason to learn more about computers?
a. To keep your home system secure
b. To increase your career options
c. To learn how to hack into the school’s main computer
d. To make better informed purchasing decisions
ANSWER: C
8. Infrared scanners cannot
a. scan packages and detect unusual objects.
b. be worn on the wrist.
c. translate a bar code into a computer data file.
d. be used by shipping companies to track packages.
ANSWER: A
9. Computer forensics
a. uses computer technology to gather potential legal evidence.
b. helps identify the remains of bodies.
c. investigates a suspect’s home computer for evidence.
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
10. Robotic surgery devices help physicians because
a. they make more accurate incisions.
b. the doctor does not have to be involved in the actual surgery.
c. they monitor and make suggestions to the surgeon during the procedure.
d. if the operation runs into complications, they can suggest creative alternatives.
ANSWER: A
TRUE/FALSE
False 1. Computer simulations are used for gaming purposes, but they are not yet accurate enough for criminal
investigations.
True 2. Affective computing is the science that attempts to produce machines that understand and respond to
human emotions.
False 3. Artists use computers for the business side of their work—for example, advertising or record
keeping—but they are not useful artistic tools.
True 4. Ranchers tag their cattle and use computer systems to track and record their movements.
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True 5. In many hospitals, infants are “chipped,” or injected with a small, computerized tracking device, so that
nurses can monitor their location and keep them safe.
Critical Thinking Questions
1. Rating Your Computer Fluency
This chapter lists a number of ways in which knowing about computers (or becoming computer literate) will help
you. How much do you know about computers? What else would you like to know? How do you think learning
more about computers will help you in the future?
It might be interesting at this stage of the course to create a survey to find out what the students’ skill sets and
interests are. Their skills and interests will likely vary widely, and it is beneficial to know that in advance. Use
this information to lead a discussion that addresses how the course will fit in with their existing knowledge, and
proceed to build on that.
2. Data Mining
This chapter briefly discusses data mining, a technique companies use to study sales data and gather information
from it. Have you heard of data mining before? How might a company like Wal-Mart or Target use data mining to
better run their business? Can you think of any privacy risks data mining might pose?
Some students may have heard the term mentioned in the media or on the Web. One possibility is that companies
may gather information about your shopping habits, preferences, and so on, and sell it without your consent to
others along with your personal information. This could generate many unwanted solicitations.
3. Nanotechnology
As you learned in the chapter, nanotechnology is the science revolving around the use of nanostructures to build
devices on an extremely small scale. What applications of tiny computers can you think of? How might
nanotechnology impact your life?
Medical advancements using nanotechnology will likely be suggested here. Another possibility is portability of
high-powered computing resources. What if you could make a hand-held device behave exactly as your desktop
computer at home does?
4. Biomedical Chips
This chapter discusses various uses of biomedical chips. Many biomedical chip implants that will be developed in
the future will most likely be aimed at correcting vision loss, hearing loss, or other physical impediments. But
chips could also be developed to improve physical or mental capabilities of healthy individuals. For example,
chips could be implanted in athletes to make their muscles work better together, thereby allowing them to run
faster. Or, your memory could be enhanced by providing additional storage capacity for your brain.
a. Should biomedical implant devices that increase athletic performance be permitted in the Olympics?
b. What about devices that repair a problem (such as blindness in one eye) but then increase the level of
visual acuity in the affected eye so that it is better than normal vision?
c. Would you be willing to have a chip implanted in your brain to improve your memory?
d. Would you be willing to have a VeriChip implanted under your skin?
These questions should spark a lively debate, and answers may vary wildly. Steroid use by athletes has been an
issue for some time now. Ask students about the similarities or differences between the use of steroids and
implanted chips in sports. Ask them if they have ever seen A Beautiful Mind with Russell Crowe. In one scene,
Crowe’s character is desperately trying to remove what he thinks is an implanted chip from his arm so that his
enemies cannot locate him. Discuss how this type of technology could be both a blessing and a curse.
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5. Affective Computing
Affective computing is the science that attempts to produce machines that understand and can respond to
human emotions and social mores. Do you think humans will ever create a machine that cannot be
distinguished from a human being? In your opinion, what are the ethical and moral implications associated
with that development?
These questions should get the group to question the concept of equality between humans and machines.
Ethically, they might consider the concept of paying computers for doing human labor and limiting their working
hours.
6. The World Stage
How might access to (or denial of) electronic information improve the education of a country’s citizens?
Could that affect who the world’s next technology power will be? Could it eliminate “third world” status?
This might spark a political science debate on the control and ownership of information and the consequences of
sharing or restricting its exchange.
Team Time
Promoting Future Technologies
This exercise gives students a chance to meet each other and talk informally about technology. The following
rubric may be useful for grading purposes.
Rubric Beginning Developing Proficient Exemplary Score
1 point 2 points 3 points 4 points
Individual There was very There was Clear learning on A sound
Effort little effort or evidence of the topic has understanding
understanding of effort but it occurred. of the topic
the topic shown. lacked in was exhibited
preparation and with
understanding. enthusiasm
and creativity.
Team Effort Team members did Team members The team The team
not function as a had some major members mostly worked as a
group when given problems worked well cohesive unit.
the opportunity. working as a together, with There was
There was only group. There few problems. mature
individual work was little There could have collaboration,
with no evidence of collaboration been compromise,
collaboration. and teamwork improvement in and discussion
evident. the level of evident at all
teamwork that times.
was utilized.
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Rubric Beginning Developing Proficient Exemplary Score
1 point 2 points 3 points 4 points
Final The final The final The final The
Product presentation had presentation had presentation was presentation
major factual, factual, a carefully was developed
grammatical, grammatical, developed with care and
spelling, and spelling, or product with few creativity
formatting errors. It formatting factual, making it
seemed rushed and errors but was grammatical, interesting,
incomplete. complete. spelling, or polished, and
formatting error-free.
errors.
Instructor Little or no attempt Feedback was Feedback was Feedback was
Feedback was made to received, but received and received and
receive or none of the some the
incorporate suggestions suggestions were suggestions
feedback from the were incorporated into were
instructor. incorporated the presentation. incorporated
into the into the
presentation. presentation.
Evaluation 0 points 1 point 2 points
No assessments were One assessment was All assessments were
completed and completed and handed in completed and handed
handed in to the to the instructor. in to the instructor.
instructor.
Multimedia
In addition to the review materials presented here, you’ll find additional materials featured with the book’s
multimedia, including the Technology in Action Student Resource CD and the Companion Web site
(www.prenhall.com/techinaction), which will help reinforce student understanding of the chapter content. These
materials include the following:
SOUND BYTES
Sound Bytes are dynamic multimedia tutorials that help demystify even the most complex topics. Students view
video clips and animations that illustrate computer concepts, and then apply what they’ve learned by reviewing
Sound Byte Labs, which include quizzes and activities specifically tailored to each Sound Byte.
The Sound Bytes for this chapter are listed here and can be found on the Student Resource CD and on the
Companion Web site (www.prenhall.com/techinaction):
• The History of the Personal Computer
• Questions to Ask Before You Buy a Computer
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COMPANION WEB SITE
The Technology in Action Companion Web site includes a variety of additional materials to help students review
and learn more about the topics in this chapter. The resources available at www.prenhall.com/techinaction
include:
• Online Study Guide. Each chapter features an online true/false and multiple-choice quiz. Students can take
these quizzes, automatically check the results, and e-mail the results to their instructor.
• Web Research Projects. Each chapter features a number of Web research projects that ask students to search
the Web for information on computer-related careers, milestones in computer history, important people and
companies, emerging technologies, and the applications and implications of different technologies.
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