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           Evaluation of
       environmental aspects
          of sustainability o
              Clique para editar
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                             Julio Cesar Fonseca - Anatel
                          Paulo José Pereira Curado - CPqD
                            Evandro César Longui – CPqD
                                Sirney Silveira – CPqD
                           Luiz Eduardo F. Dias Jr. – CPqD
     Summary



•   Introduction
•   Basic Concepts
•   Telecom products disposal - Brazilian Operators
•   Tools for product design
•   Case Study – Optical Fiber Cable
•   Conclusions         Clique para editar o
                        estilo do título mestre
                       Clique para editar o estilo do subtítulo
                       mestre
“Sustainability is a so strange concept for
 economists in a capitalists systems as
profit is for manager in a soviet system as
                   well ”.
                           Clique para editar o
                           estilo do World Resources Unidos - EPA.
  * William Ruckelshaus, ex-Presidente do título mestre e ex-
                                                         Institute
 Presidente da Agência de Proteção Ambiental dos Estados
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                        mestre
   Sustainability



Concepts
• The original term was “sustainability development”;
• It means a continuous development ;
• Sustainability development is builded over three columns “interrelaship
  and common supported ”:
  • Economic development;
  • Social development;
                               Clique para editar o
  • Environmental protection
                               estilo do título mestre
• Now Sustainability is applied for all human activities .
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                               mestre
What is sustainability?


                               Economic
                              development




                            Sustainability
   Environment management   Clique para editar o
                            estilo do título mestre
                                      Social responsibility



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                        Triple Bottom Line
                             mestre
     Advantages

• Sustainability development
  • Reducing carbon footprint by business activities ;
• Environmental protection
  • It is a new market strategic value for business;
• Life quality
• Well fair responsibility
• Globalization
  • Market share
• Environmental certification
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  • ISO 14000 – international standards in a waste products
                           estilo do título mestre
• Stakeholders increasing value
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                           subtítulo mestre
       Challenges for companies


Phase I – Production process improvement:

  •    Clean production
  •    Ecoeficienty
  •    Environmental Management (ISO 14001)
  •    Environmental audit (ISO 19011)
  •    Evaluation of environmental performance (ISO 14031)

Phase II – Upgrading of products
                             Clique     para editar o
   •
                              estilo do título mestre
       Life cycle analyze - LCA (Série ISO 14040)
   •   Ecodesign (ISO TR 14062)
                              Clique para editar o estilo do
   •   Environmental labeling : Green labels – Série ISO 14020
                              subtítulo mestre
  Project tools




• Life cycle analyze
• Ecodesign



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    Life cycle analyse



• The LCA is a technician to evaluate the
  environmental aspects and potential impacts
  of product as well ;
• This technician is kwon as born to barry too .

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        Life Cycle Analysis




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                               subtítulo mestre


Source : Haroldo Matos Lemos
  Life cycle phases



                            Raw Material
                                                                  Greenhouse
                                                                  gases

                        Manufacturing and Packing
                                                                  Liquids
Resources
                                                                  emissions


                             Supply Chain                         Waste
                                                                  management

                           Clique para editar oSecondary
                                                wastes
                           estilo do título mestre
                             End use

                                                                  NOx SOx
            Reuse          Clique para editar o estilo do
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            Recycling          Burning              End wasting
      Desktop Energy supply




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Fonte : Accenture
     Ecodesign



• Integration possibilities in a environmental aspects :
  • a) Life cycle analyze (LCA);
  • b) Simple quantitative by using environmental indicators;
  • c) Using of quality directives :
• Using of less material;
• Recycled Products (vehicles in Germany);
• Using of recycled materials (mainly now renewable);
• Energy use during the product life time ;
• Rise the product life time Clique para editar o
                             ;
• Services insted of products (wash machine            X laundry
  facilities );              estilo do título mestre
• Ask why and never accept “ it always work out ”as answer .
                             Clique para editar o estilo do
                             subtítulo mestre
     Environmental impact study


• Project : “Evaluation impacts of environmental management : a
  telecommunication study case – CPqD
• Goals :
  • Identifying products with potential impacts and analyze the
    waste end;
  • Ranking of telco products with potential environmental
    impacts ;
  • Analyzing trough out potential risks and waste end from
                            Clique para editar
    Directive Methods and the diagram of interactions; o
  • Evaluate the life cycle estilo do título mestre

                          Clique para editar o estilo do
                          subtítulo mestre
Estimative wasted products/materials per
year




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                 subtítulo mestre
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          desencadeamento e duração
                                                                           Periculosidade




                                                                                                                                                                                             Regularidade de produção




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ciclo de vida do produto
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Capacidade de manejo
                                                                                                                                                                       Duração do descarte




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Complexidade do



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ordem ou origem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Probabilidade de
                                                                                                                             disposição final




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Aspectos legais
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Reversibilidade




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            patogenicidade
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 de reciclagem




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                contaminação
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Possibilidade




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      dos impactos
                                                             do descarte




                                                                                                     do descarte
                                                Quantidade




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              do impacto




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Severidade
                                                                                                                                                          influência




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Sinergia
                                                                                                                                                Área de
                                                                                            Volume


                                                                                                                   Tipo de
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Total




                                                                            ABNT


                                                                                   ITU-T
Waste x Enviromental


                       Cabos de fibras óticas           1                   1      3             3                       3                            0                 3                     3                          3                 1                                1                    3          3                              3                                3                                            0                  0                3                                  2                     39
                              Cabo metálico             3                   1      1             3                       3                            3                 3                     3                          3                 1                                0                    1          2                              1                                2                                            1                  0                1                                  2                     34
                               Cabos aéreos
                                                        1                   1      1             1                       3                            0                 3                     3                          3                 1                                1                    3          3                              1                                2                                            1                  0                3                                  2                     33
                                  CCE-APL
                                       Fio FE           2                   3      2             3                       3                            0                 3                     3                          3                 1                                1                    3          3                              3                                2                                            1                  0                3                                  2                     41
                                     Orelhões           2                   1      3             3                       3                            2                 3                     3                          3                 2                                1                    3          3                              3                                1                                            0                  0                3                                  3                     42
                                      Bateria           1                   3      3             1                       2                            3                 3                     0                          3                 2                                2                    3          3                              3                                2                                            3                  3                3                                  3                     46
                          Baterias de celular           1                   3      3             1                       1                            3                 3                     3                          3                 1                                1                    3          3                              3                                3                                            3                  3                3                                  3                     47
                        Conjunto de emenda
                                                        1                   3      3             1                       3                            3                 3                     3                          3                 1                                2                    3          3                              3                                1                                            3                  3                3                                  2                     47
                          metálica (chumbo)
                           Resina reentrável
                                                        0                   2      3             1                       3                            3                 3                     3                          3                 2                                3                    2          3                              3                                2                                            1                  0                2                                  2                     41
                             ou de bloqueio
                        Dutos(PVC e PEAD)
                           Bobinas de cabos
                                                        1
                                                        1
                                                                            1
                                                                            2
                                                                                   2
                                                                                   3
                                                                                                 1
                                                                                                 1
                                                                                                                         3
                                                                                                                         3
                                                                                                                                                Clique para editar o
                                                                                                                                                      0
                                                                                                                                                      3
                                                                                                                                                                        3
                                                                                                                                                                        1
                                                                                                                                                                                              1
                                                                                                                                                                                              1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      36


                                                                                                                                                estilo do título mestre
Impacts




                        Miscelânea metálica             2                   2      2             3                       2                            3                 3                     3                          3                 0                                0                    1          2                              2                                3                                            3                  0                2                                  2                     38
                           Placas de Central            1                   3      3             3                       3                            3                 3                     3                          3                 1                                1                    2          2                              3                                3                                            2                  1                2                                  2                     44
                               Embalagens
                           (madeira, plástico
                                    e papel)
                                                        1                   1      1             2                       3
                                                                                                                                                                    o 1
                                                                                                                                                Clique para 0editar 0 estilo do
                                                                                                                                                 0 1 3 0 1     0 0         0  1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0                                  0                     15


                                      Postes            1                   2      3             2                       3                      subtítulo2 mestre 3 1
                                                                                                                                                 3 3 1 3     2 0 3         1  1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3                                  2                     39
                        Conjunto de emenda
                                                        2                   2      3             2                       3                            3                 3                     3                          3                 1                                0                    1          1                              1                                1                                            0                  0                1                                  2                     32
                               (CEV e CEA)
                                     Armários           0                   1      3             1                       3                            3                 3                     3                          3                 3                                1                    3          3                              3                                1                                            0                  0                3                                  2                     39
                                 Conectores             3                   1      1             1                       3                            3                 3                     3                          3                 2                                2                    3          2                              2                                2                                            2                  1                2                                  2                     41
                             Total                   24                     33     43          33                     50                           38                  50                    45                         50                24                            20                       34         43                       40                                32                                           22                     14                40                         35
       Matrix results

•TOP 6 environmental impacts
 •   Fiber optical Cables
 •   Public Telephony shelter
 •   Batteries
 •   Cell phone Batteries
 •   Lead splice (copper cables)
 •   Circuits switch center
•Huge impacts criteria
 •   Risk
 •   End waste                     Clique para editar o
 •   During of wasting
                                   estilo do título mestre
 •   Production regularity
 •   Reversibility                 Clique para editar o estilo do
                                   subtítulo mestre
Waste conditions




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                   subtítulo mestre
Waste conditions




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  Project conclusions



• The companies should create conductions for a
  system of environmental management with rules
  for appropriates waste. It must be made in order
  to reduce of manufacturing , end use and waste
  impacts
                   Clique para editar o
                   estilo do procedures and
• It is strongly recommendedtítulo mestre
  implementations ( by manufacturers side)
                      Clique and editar o estilo do
  combined with LCA studies paraproducts ecodesign.
                     subtítulo mestre
Clique para editar o estilo do título
mestre




                               Study
                Clique para editar Case
                                      o
                           Optical Fiber Cable
                                 mestre
                estilo do título (CPqD)
Applications of LCA in a fiber optical cable




• Goal: analyzing of Environmental impacts
 when reducing, replacement and eliminated
   of same materials in optical fiber cables
          manufacturer are applied
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   Final dispositions




• Using of LCA to compare and constructed “pre-ACTION”
  and ACTION cable was made in conformity with ISSO
  14000 standards .

• Sample: 1 kilometers of optical cable with 144 fibers.

                         Clique para editar o
• As quantitative environmental impact methodology was
                         estilo do título mestre
  applied the o Ecoindicator 95, with standards international
                      Clique with Boustead and APME
  database (Idemat combined para editar o estilo do
  databases).         subtítulo mestre
        Project details



                                                    New project
     Original Project
                                             1. External sheath
                                                (thickness reduction)
1. External sheath
                                             2. Dielectric traction
2. APL tape                                     element
3. Polyester tape                            3. Polyester type
4. Ripcord                                   4. Ripcord
5. Loose Tube
                                             5. Loose tube
6. Optical fibers         Clique para editar o
                                             6. Optical fiber
7. Metallic Traction
   elements               estilo do título mestre
                                             7. Dielectric central
8. Filler rod                                   element
9. Feeling compound
                          Clique para editar o estilo do
                                             8. Filler rod
                          subtítulo mestre 9. Feeling compound
   Projects results

• The thickness reduction was a suitable solution. Keeping
  the same dimensions and the same fibers capacity the
  result was environmental benefits.
• There was a reduction around 40-50% of total mass by
  length of cable when compare with regular solution.
• It means a 40% reduction in PE sheath material, 50 % of
  less tube material, 80% less copper, 100 % of APL glue
  type and 100% of steel reduction (when replaced by
  GRP).                    Clique para editar o
                           estilo do título mestre
• There was around 40-50% reduction in wheel wood
  packing .
                           Clique para editar o estilo do
• On the other hand, the new material used as central
                           subtítulo mestre
  element generate a negative environmental impact: a
  bigger potential pesticides effect.
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estilo do título mestre
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Conclusions
•   By analyzing the diagram is possible find out which aspects were
    changed and which of these generated better results:
     • Greenhouse gas: no APL sheath , new tube material , copper reduction;
     • Ozone level :reducing of sheath material;
     • Acidification : no APL sheath , copper reduction;
     • Eutrofication: sheath thickness reduction, tube material, no APL;
     • Heavy metals : central element (steel replaced by GRP);
     • Cancerous substance: central element (steel replaced by GRP);
     • Winter Smog : copper reduction , no APL
     • Summer Smog : tube material , sheath thickness reduction, no APL;
                                   Clique para editar o
     • Pesticides : polyester (in the ACTION project – moisture water
       penetration)
                                   estilo do título mestre
     • Energy: without APL, sheath thickness reduction, tube material ;
     • Solids: copper reduction. Clique para editar o estilo do
                              subtítulo mestre
• It Is possIble by lca to show the benefIts of new cable “actIon” ,
  not only restricted by economic aspects but the reduction of
  natural resources using as well.
Thank You!

  Clique para editar o
  estilo do título mestre
                Julio César
  Clique para editar o estilo do
  subtítulo mestreFonseca
               julioc@anatel.gov.br
               (61) 2312-2421

						
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