EYE ASSESSMENT
HISTORY QUESTIONS
Last eye exam
Wear Glasses? Contacts?
Pain Around Eyes?
Blurred Vision?
HISTORY QUESTIONS
Diploplia?
Itching? Conjunctivitis?
Excessive Tearing? Dryness?
Testing for Glaucoma?
VISUAL ACUITY
CRANIAL NERVE 2
RECORDING VISUAL ACUITY
Numerator - what client sees at 20 feet
Denominator - compared to what normal eye can see
EX: 20/40 What the client sees at 20 feet, most people can see at 40 (Not Good)
The LARGER the Denominator, the WORSE the vision.
Far Vision
Snellen Chart
Illiterate - E Chart
Children - E Chart
Kindergarten Chart
Far Vision
Standard Distance
O.S.
O.D.
O.U.
Near Vision
Read Newsprint
Rosenbaum Card
Presbyopia
Color Vision
ID green/red lines on Snellen
Other
VISUAL FIELDS BY CONFRONTATION
Tests peripheral vision
How To
Normal = Peripheral Vision equal to examiner’s
EXTRAOCULAR MOVEMENTS
Test Gaze in 6 Cardinal Fields
Right
Right Up
Right Down
Left
Left Up
Left Down
EXTRAOCULAR MOVEMENTS
Cranial Nerves:
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
VI - Abducens
EXTRAOCULAR MOVEMENTS
Look For:
Conjugate Movements
Nystagmus
Lid Lag
CORNEAL LIGHT REFLEX
Look for Deviation of Reflected Light
COVER-UNCOVER TEST
Used if EOM & Corneal
Light Reflex Abnormal
ASSESSMENT OF
EXTERNAL EYE
1. Position, Alignment of Eyes
2. Eyebrows, Eyelashes
Quantity
Scaling
Direction
3. Eyelids
Palpebral Fissures
Ptosis
Edema
Color
4. Conjuntiva
Palpebral
Bulbar
Note Color, Vascular Pattern
5. Iris
Color
Markings
Shape
6. Cornea
Clear, Rounded, No Opacities
Check Anterior Chamber
7. Lens
Clear
8. Lacrimal Apparatus
Gland
Sac
Puncta
Check for Discharge
PUPILS: PERRL, PERRLA,
PERL, PERLA
PUPILS
EQUAL
ROUND
REACT TO LIGHT
DIRECT
CONSENSUAL
ACCOMODATE
ASSESSMENT OF
INTERNAL EYE
(Fundoscopic Exam)
An opthalmoscope is used to see:
Retinal Background RED
Blood Vessels REFLEX
Optic Disc
Physiologic Cup
Macula
Fovea Centralis
DEVELOPMENTAL:
Children
Snellen at 3
Watch Play if < 3
DEVELOPMENTAL:
Geriatric
arcus senilis
dry eyes
senile ptosis
cataract
DEVELOPMENTAL:
Geriatric
presbyopia
decreased peripheral vision
check for glaucoma