Ashley

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Laboratory Title: Edible Planets!

Your Name: Ashley Moore-Rivera

Concepts Addressed:

 Solar System

 Terrestrial Planets and their physical characteristics

 Gaseous Planets and their physical characteristics

 Fractions, decimals, and pie graphs

Lab Goals:

 For the students to be able to understand the difference between terrestrial and

gaseous planets in the Solar System. Also for students to be able to identify

physical differences between the four planets within each category: terrestrial and

gaseous.

 The Solar System has eight known planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,

Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

Lab Objectives:

 For the students to become familiar that there are other planets in our Solar

System besides Earth and by making the other planets in a hand-on activity will

only benefit their recollection. Also to be able to use measuring cups to better

understand fractions when making the batter.

Benchmark(s) Addressed: 4th and 5th

Math

 4.1.2 Use models to connect and compare equivalent fractions and decimals.

 4.1.3 Determine decimal equivalents or approximations of common fractions.

 4.1.4 Compare and order fractions and decimals.

 4.1.5 Estimate decimal or fractional amounts in problem solving.

 5.1.4 Develop fluency with efficient procedures for adding and subtracting

fractions and decimals and justify why the procedures work.

 5.1.7 Construct and analyze double bar, line, and circle graphs to solve problems

involving fractions and decimals.

 5.3.7 Determine the appropriate units, strategies, and tools for solving problems

that involve estimating or measuring volume.

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Science

 4.1 Structure and Function: Living and non-living things can be classified by their

characteristics and properties.

 4.2P.1 Describe physical changes in matter and explain how they occur.

 4.2L.1 Describe the interactions of organisms and the environment where they

live.

 4.3S.3 Explain that scientific claims about the natural world use evidence that can

be confirmed and support a logical argument.

 5.1 Structure and Function: Living and non-living things are composed of related

parts that function together to form systems.

 5.2P.1 Describe how friction, gravity, and magnetic forces affect objects on or

near Earth.

Materials and Costs:

List the equipment and non-consumable material and estimated cost of each

Item ..........................................................................................................................$

Measuring cups ......................................................................................................$4

Dollar Tree $1 per set of four

Mixing bowl ...........................................................................................................$4

Dollar Tree $1 per bowl

Rubber spatula .......................................................................................................$4

Dollar Tree $1 per spatula

Sifters .....................................................................................................................$7.88

Winco $1.97 per sifter

Plastic spoons ...........................................................................................................$.50

Winco $.50 per 24 pack

Kinko printing ........................................................................................................$4.00

~$.11 per colored print per page

....................................................................................................................................

Estimated total, one-time, start-up cost: ..............................................................$24.38

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List the consumable supplies and estimated cost for presenting to a class of 30

students

Item ..........................................................................................................................$

Peanut butter ..........................................................................................................$5.96

Winco $2.98 per jar

Optional: Soy nut butter (Substitute for Peanut butter) .......................................$15.00

http://www.soynutbutter.com/Section/Shop/Peanut_Butter_Substitute/index.html

2 pack for $15.00

Honey ...................................................................................................................$18.10

Winco $9.05 per 32oz bottle

Wheat germ ..........................................................................................................$13.74

Winco $4.58 per 12 oz jar

Graham crackers ....................................................................................................$2.96

Winco $1.48 per box (4 packs)

Powdered milk .......................................................................................................$5.16

Winco $2.58 per box 25.6 oz

Optional: Powdered soy (Substitute for milk) .......................................................$5.16

Trader Joes $5.16 per pack 24 oz

Powdered sugar ......................................................................................................$1.78

Winco $.89 per box 1lb

Cocoa Powder ........................................................................................................$2.44

Winco $2.44 per box 10 oz

Cake decorations-Icing ..........................................................................................$7.68

Winco $1.28 per tube

Cake decoration-gel ...............................................................................................$3.92

Winco $.98 per tube

Sprinkles ..............................................................................................................$13.32

Winco Large container $3.24 and small shakers $1.08

Variety of candies ................................................................................................$14.81

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Winco Butterfinger bars $.58 per bar, Crunch bars $.58 per bar, Chocolate chip

bag $2.56 per bag, Heath Morsels $2.64 per bag, and Sour worms $.91 per bag

Paper plates ............................................................................................................$3.00

Dollar Tree $1 per 22 pack

....................................................................................................................................

Estimated total, one-time, start-up cost: ..............................................................$92.87

Time:

Preparation time:

Appx one and a half hours to purchase all the ingredients and materials from the store.

Appx one hour to separate decorations in 4 sets for the 4 groups. Appx 30 mins to

print off colored pictures and staple at Kinkos.

Instruction time:

Appx 10-15 to go over ppt and to explain the activity

Clean-up time:

Appx 10-13 minutes to clean up activity and eat their planet.



Lesson Activity: http://www.amnh.org/ology/astronomy#channel



Background Information

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System

http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_kids/AskKids/index.shtml



The Solar System, or solar

system, consists of the Sun and

the other celestial objects

gravitationally bound to it: the

eight planets, their 166 known

moons, three dwarf planets

(Ceres, Pluto, and Eris and their

four known moons), and billions

of small bodies. This last

category includes asteroids,

Kuiper belt objects, comets,

meteoroids, and interplanetary

dust.



In broad terms, the charted regions of the Solar System consist of the Sun, four terrestrial

inner planets, an asteroid belt composed of small rocky bodies, four gas giant outer

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planets, and a second belt, the Kuiper belt, composed of icy objects. Beyond the Kuiper

belt is the scattered disc, the heliopause, and ultimately the hypothetical Oort cloud.

In order of their distances from the Sun, the terrestrial planets are:

 Mercury

 Venus

 Earth

 Mars

The outer gas giants (or jovians) are:

 Jupiter

 Saturn

 Uranus

 Neptune

The three dwarf planets are

 Ceres, the largest object in the asteroid belt;

 Pluto, the largest known object in the Kuiper belt;

 Eris, the largest known object in the scattered disc.



Six of the eight planets and two of the dwarf planets are in turn orbited by natural

satellites, usually termed "moons" after Earth's Moon, and each of the outer planets is

encircled by planetary rings of dust and other particles. All the planets except Earth are

named after deities from Greco-Roman mythology.



Objects orbiting the Sun are divided into three classes: planets, dwarf planets, and small

Solar System bodies.





The 4 Inner Terrestrial Planets



The four inner or terrestrial planets have dense, rocky compositions, few or no moons,

and no ring systems. They are composed largely of minerals with high melting points,

such as the silicates which form their crusts and mantles, and metals such as iron and

nickel, which form their cores. Three of the four inner planets (Venus, Earth and Mars)

have substantial atmospheres; all have impact craters and tectonic surface features such

as rift valleys and volcanoes



The inner planets. From left to right: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars (sizes to scale)

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Mercury

Mercury (0.4 AU) is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest planet (0.055 Earth

masses). Mercury has no natural satellites, and its only known geological features besides

impact craters are "wrinkle-ridges", probably produced by a period of contraction early in

its history. Mercury's almost negligible atmosphere consists of atoms blasted off its

surface by the solar wind. Its relatively large iron core and thin mantle have not yet been

adequately explained. Hypotheses include that its outer layers were stripped off by a giant

impact, and that it was prevented from fully accreting by the young Sun's

energy









http://adams.dm.unipi.it/~mercury/img/mercury.gif



Description for Lab:

Mercury looks a lot like the Moon, except that it is an orange-red color. It has a dry and

rocky surface and is covered with craters and ridges.

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Venus

Venus (0.7 AU) is close in size to Earth, (0.815 Earth masses) and like Earth, has

a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere and evidence

of internal geological activity. However, it is much drier than Earth and its

atmosphere is ninety times as dense. Venus has no natural satellites. It is the

hottest planet, with surface temperatures over 400 °C, most likely due to the

amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. No definitive evidence of current

geological activity has been detected on Venus, but it has no magnetic field that

would prevent depletion of its substantial atmosphere, which suggests that its

atmosphere is regularly replenished by volcanic eruptions.









http://martianchronicles.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/venus_magellan.jpg



Description for Lab:

Venus is covered with thick yellow clouds that trap heat from the sun, which makes

Venus a huge desert. Its rocky surface is covered with volcanoes.

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Earth

Earth (1 AU) is the largest and densest of the inner planets, the only one known to

have current geological activity, and the only planet known to have life. Its liquid

hydrosphere is unique among the terrestrial planets, and it is also the only planet

where plate tectonics has been observed. Earth's atmosphere is radically different

from those of the other planets, having been altered by the presence of life to

contain 21% free oxygen. It has one natural satellite, the Moon, the only large

satellite of a terrestrial planet in the Solar System.









http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/earth_1_apollo17.gif



Description for Lab:

Earth’s surface is covered mostly with dark blue water. It has polar ice caps and its

continents are marked by tall mountains and have swirling white clouds.

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Mars

Mars (1.5 AU) is smaller than Earth and Venus (0.107 Earth masses). It possesses

a tenuous atmosphere of mostly carbon dioxide. Its surface, peppered with vast

volcanoes such as Olympus Mons and rift valleys such as Valles Marineris, shows

geological activity that may have persisted until very recently. Its red color comes

from rust in its iron-rich soil. Mars has two tiny natural satellites (Deimos and

Phobos) thought to be captured asteroids.









http://www.windows.ucar.edu/mars/images/mars1.gif



Description for Lab

Mars looks red because its soil is full of iron that has rusted. It has polar ice caps, deep

canyons, and huge extinct volcanoes.

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The 4 Outer Gaseous Planets



The four outer planets, or gas giants (sometimes called Jovian planets), collectively make

up 99 percent of the mass known to orbit the Sun. Jupiter and Saturn consist

overwhelmingly of hydrogen and helium; Uranus and Neptune possess a greater

proportion of ices in their makeup. Some astronomers suggest they belong in their own

category, “ice giants.” All four gas giants have rings, although only Saturn's ring system

is easily observed from Earth.



The outer planets from top to bottom: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune (not to scale)









http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Gas_planet_size_comparisons.jpg

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Jupiter



Jupiter (5.2 AU), at 318 Earth masses, is 2.5 times all the mass of all the other

planets put together. It is composed largely of hydrogen and helium. Jupiter's

strong internal heat creates a number of semi-permanent features in its

atmosphere, such as cloud bands and the Great Red Spot. Jupiter has sixty-three

known satellites. The four largest, Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa, show

similarities to the terrestrial planets, such as volcanism and internal heating.[40]

Ganymede, the largest satellite in the Solar System, is larger than Mercury.









http://www.solstation.com/stars/jupiter.jpg



Description for Lab

Jupiter is a giant ball of yellow, orange, and red gas arranged in strips. It is much larger

than any other planet. Jupiter’s giant red spot is actually a 300 year old hurricane.

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Saturn



Saturn (9.5 AU), distinguished by its extensive ring system, has several

similarities to Jupiter, such as its atmospheric composition and magnetosphere.

Although Saturn has 60% of Jupiter's volume, it is less than a third as massive, at

95 Earth masses, making it the least dense planet in the Solar System. Saturn has

sixty known satellites (and three unconfirmed); two of which, Titan and

Enceladus, show signs of geological activity, though they are largely made of

ice.[41] Titan is larger than Mercury and the only satellite in the Solar System with

a substantial atmosphere.









http://homepages.wmich.edu/~johnsorh/Myth/images/saturn.jpg



Description for Lab

Saturn has spectacular rings. Saturn is a big striped ball of gas like Jupiter but it looks

yellow because of its foggy atmosphere.

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Uranus



Uranus (19.6 AU), at 14 Earth masses, is the lightest of the outer planets.

Uniquely among the planets, it orbits the Sun on its side; its axial tilt is over

ninety degrees to the ecliptic. It has a much colder core than the other gas giants,

and radiates very little heat into space.[42] Uranus has twenty-seven known

satellites, the largest ones being Titania, Oberon, Umbriel, Ariel and Miranda.









http://starryskies.com/solar_system/uranus/uranus1.jpg



Description for Lab

The ice crystals in the atmosphere of Uranus make this gas planet appear pale blue-green.

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Neptune



Neptune (30 AU), though slightly smaller than Uranus, is more massive

(equivalent to 17 Earths) and therefore more dense. It radiates more internal heat,

but not as much as Jupiter or Saturn.[43] Neptune has thirteen known satellites.

The largest, Triton, is geologically active, with geysers of liquid nitrogen.[44]

Triton is the only large satellite with a retrograde orbit. Neptune is accompanied

in its orbit by a number of minor planets, termed Neptune Trojans, that are in 1:1

resonance with it.









http://www.utahskies.org/image_library/shallowsky/planets/neptune/neptunes.gif



Description for Lab

Neptune looks blue with faint white strips. It is made of gas and its hot center stirs huge

hurricanes in its clouds.

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Procedure Activity 1:

Today the students will be learned the physical characteristics of the planets by creating

their own cookies. Along with creating the planets they will also be using their math

skills to measure each item with measuring cups.



1. Copy large colored pictures of the planets. Depending on the class size (30-32),

give each group of 8 (appx 4 groups) a copy of the planet pictures.

Gather Ingredients:

 1 ¼ cup of peanut butter

 1 ¼ cup of honey

 ½ cup of wheat germ

 ¾ cup of plain or cinnamon graham crackers

 2 ½ cups of powdered milk



Gather Materials: (4 of everything for each group)

 Measuring cups ( ¼ , ½ , and 1 cup)

 Large mixing bowl

 Large spoon

 Powdered sugar/cocoa, cake decorations/colored sprinkles

 Rubber spatula (optional)

 Food coloring (optional)

 Paper plates



Peanut butter substitute

Soy nut butter

http://www.soynutbutter.com/Section/Shop/Peanut_Butter_Substitute/index.html

Powdered milk substitute

Powered soy milk

Trader Joes



2. Have students go wash their hands because they will be sticking them in the batter.



3. Ask the students to break up into their groups as you pass out the packet of eight

colored prints of the planets. In their groups, have them look them over for detail

and have each person pick a planet they want to make into their edible planet.



4. Have each group designate three group leaders to grab the ingredients and all

materials except powdered sugar/cocoa, cake decoration/colored sprinkles, paper

plates and food coloring this will be given after batter is made.(total batter will

make all 8 planets)



5. Once batter is mixed have the students divide the batter appropriately to what they

learned earlier from the scale lab. No need to be exact but for example their

Venus and Earth should be approximately the same size.

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6. After batter is divided have the group leaders bring the ingredients back up and

grab the decorating materials. Have the students roll their planets into balls and

start decorating. Remind the students to try and make their edible planet look like

the real thing. Which planets are rocky? Which have clouds? Which have craters

or volcanoes? Which are particular colors? (remind them that it only takes a drop

or two of food coloring)



7. After all groups are done have them place the planets on the clean paper plates in

order and observe each others wonderful work. Have students get into a

discussion of what they used for a volcano or to make clouds ect…this will help

them remember and reinforce what they have been learning with the Solar System.



Assessment:

 Have students write a descriptive science fiction story about the planet they made.

Approximately ½ to one full page. Pertaining to the science portion of the lesson.





 Have students do the Edible Planet Ingredients worksheet pertaining to the math

portion of the lesson. (on page 17 and 18)

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Edible Planet Ingredients

Fraction → Decimal → Percentage → Pie graph



In the Activity: Edible Planets, we used different ingredients to make our

Planets. Can you use the measurements of the ingredients (fractions) and

change them into a percentage %. Once you have found the percentage for

each ingredient make a pie graph to represent the ingredients. Be sure to

show all your work.



Example: Fraction: ¼ of ingredient

Step 1: Change fraction into a decimal ¼ = 1 ÷ 4 = 0.25

Step 2: Change decimal into a percentage 0.25 × 100 = 25%





Table



Ingredients Fraction Decimal Percentage

Peanut Butter

Honey

Wheat Germ

Graham

Crackers

Powdered Milk



Show work below (use back of page if needed):

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Pie Graph

Draw a circle and create your pie graph with the data from your table. Be

sure to label each slice.