Question 1
The organization which I have choice to write about is Mazda. Mazda Motor Corporation is a
Japanese automotive manufacturer based in Fuchu Aki District, Hiroshima Prefecture Japan.
After some time Mazda had financial turmoil and start decline during the 1960s resulting in a
new corporate investor, Ford Motor Company began a partnership with Mazda resulting in
various joint projects. During 2007 Mazda has produced approximately 1.3 million vehicles
for global sales.
On the whole Taguchi declare that the development of his methods of experimental designs
begin in Japan in 1948. This particular methods were later refined over the next several
decades. Moreover it has been introduced in United States around 1980. Although Taguchi
approach was built based on traditional concepts of design of experiments such as factorial
and incomplete factorial designs and orthogonal arrays , he created and promoted some net
design of experiments methods such as signal to noise ratios, robust design and parameter
and tolerance design .
Design of experiments is a body of statistical techniques basically for the efficient and
effective collection of data for two purposes. Two important ones are the investigation of
study of research hypotheses and the accurate determination of the relative effects of the
many different factors that influence the quality of a certain product or process. In main the
design of experiments can be employed in both the product design phase and production
stage.
In Mazda a crucial component of quality is a product ability to perform its tasks under
different circumstances. Furthermore the operating environmental of Mazda conditions is
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usually beyond the control of the product designers and therefore by using tagguchi methods
are necessary. Tagguchi methods are based on design of experiments techniques for finding
product parameter settings for example temperature settings which allow products to be
flexible to the changes and variations in working environment.
Generally recognized that robust system deserves much of the credit for introducing the
statistical study of taguchi methods. Mazda have seen how robust loss function sets variation
reduction as a primary goal for quality improvement in Mazda. Taguchi design of
experiments techniques employs the loss function concept to investigate both product
parameters and key environmental factors. His design of experiments techniques which will
help Mazda to achieve its quality design.
Mazda have to follow some steps to achieve economical product quality design which has
been proposed by taguchi which is system design, tolerance design and parameter design. In
the first phase system design are basically design engineers of Mazda to use their practical
experience along with scientific and engineering principles to create a viably functional
design. To explain system design uses current technology, processes, materials and
engineering methods to define and construct a new system or better system. This system can
be a new product for Mazda or process or an improved modification for Mazda.
Next is parameter design stage it determine the optimal settings for the products or process
parameters. These parameters have been recognized during the system design phase. Design
of experimental way is applied here to determine the optimal parameter settings. Taguchi
constructed a limited number of experimental designs from which Mazda organization will
find it easy to apply in their manufacturing environments.
The goal of the parameter design is to design a robust product or process, which will help
Mazda to minimizing performance variation, minimizes manufacturing and product lifetime
costs.
The following is tolerance design which basically can help Mazda to deals with the problem
of how and when to specify tightened tolerances for a product or process so that the quality
and the productivity or performance of Mazda can be enhanced. It is a natural urge to believe
that the quality and performance of any item can easily be improved by just tightening up on
some or all of its tolerance requirements.
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By Mazda using Taguchi methods they can improve their product and their processes
moreover to reduce the sensitivity of engineering design to uncontrollable factors or noise.
By using Taguchi methods it is claimed that Mazda can provide as much as 80 percent
quality gain.
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Question 2
What is ISO?
International Organization for Standardization or can be use as {ISO} is a basically an
nongovernmental network of national agencies whose purpose is the development of
international standards for business and government. Basically international standards are
designed for trade between countries. Normally they provide technological base and a system
of best management practices. Whenever there are standards it ensures safe products and
organizational procedures which reduce environmental impact. Standards benefit trade and
business by simplifying procedures and reducing an organizations environmental harm or
risk. More over consumers benefits by the knowledge that state of the art practices are
developed for global relevancy.
Types of ISO Standards
Environmental Management
ISO 14001:2004 is a specifies requirements for environmental management system which
basically to enable an organization to develop or expand and implement a policy and
objectives which take into account legal requirements and some other requirements to which
the organization install or subscribes and information about significant environmental
aspects. Basically it applies to those environmental aspects that the organization identifies as
those which it can control and those which it can influence. This ISO 14001:2004 is
applicable to any organization which wishes to establish, maintain, implement, and improve
an environmental management management system to assure itself of conformity with its
stated environmental policy and to demonstrate conformity.
ISO 14004:2004 provides guidance on the establishment, implementation, improvement and
maintenance of an environmental management system and its coordination with other
management system. With this guidance of 14004:2004 are applicable to any organization in
spite of its size, type, location or its level of maturity. While the guidelines of ISO
14004:2004 are consistent with the ISO 14001:2004 environmental management system
model.
ISO 5001 this ISO yet to be released standards will address energy management and ways to
add to energy efficiency and to rescue environmental impact or organizations. It will
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basically consider technical and topical issues such as dependence on foreign oil and climate
change.
Transportation
ISO/TS 16949 It reviews all area of the automotive industry supply chain. Development of a
quality management system that provides continual improvement, emphasizing defect
prevention and the reduction of variation and waste in the supply chain. It basically
concentrates on area such as monitoring, training, analysis and improvement towards
organization or within industry. TS 16949 apply to development or design production and
when relevant, installation and servicing of automotive related products. In addition the
standards also focuses on ways for suppliers to reduce their costs and improving efficiency.
The requirements are intended to be applied throughout the supply chain and for the first time
vehicle assembly plants will be confident to look for ISO/TS 16949.
ISO/PAS 30003:2008 This ISO basically looks at precise concerns within shipping and
marine technology. The main focus here such as ship recycling management and other
material conduct that can have possible environment impacts. It addresses industry specific
concerns such as dangerous material and asbestos emission.
Health and Safety
ISO 22000 is a food safety management system certificate which designed to ensure food
supply chain safety in worldwide. Major corporations have embraced this standards such as
HACCP which stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point and other critical
components of management system to create a harmonised food safety management standard
that is acceptable worldwide by stakeholders like regulators , primary producers, food
manufacturers and packers, retailers and consumers.
IWA 1: 2005 this standard focus issues in the healthcare sector. The main aim is to provide
guidelines for health care organizations to respond to natural and manmade disasters.
Particularly the standard gives recommendations for reducing error and organizational waste
while embracing a customer centric frame work.
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ISO 9001:2000 these standards are focusing in quality management in the medical device
industry. Basically an organization needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide
product that meets customer and applicable regulatory requirements and their aims to
enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system including
processes for continual improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to
customer and applicable regulatory requirements. Moreover this standard also considers
continual monitoring within the industry.
Ways to Obtain ISO
Basically ISO standards are urbanized according to the next principles:
Consensus
The view of all interests are taken into account such as vendors and users, consumers group,
manufactures, government, engineering professions and research organizations.
Industry wide
Global way out to satisfy industry and customers worldwide
Voluntary
International standardization is market driven and so based on voluntary involvement of all
interests in the market place.
There are 3 main phases in the ISO standards development procedure as follows:
The need for a standard is usually expressed by an industry sector which
communicates this need to a national member body. The latter propose the new work
item to ISO as whole. Later when the need for an International Standards has been
accepted and formally agreed the first phase involves definition of the technical scope
of the future standard. The phase us usually carried out in working groups which
comprise technical experts from countries interested in the subject stuff.
Later once the agreement has been achieve on which technical aspects are to be
covered in the standard, a second phase is entered during which countries negotiate
the detailed specifications within the standard. This is the consensus building phase.
Final phase include the formal sanction of the resulting draft International Standards (
the acceptance criteria stipulate approval by the two third of the ISO mebers that have
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participated actively in the standards development process and approval by 75 % of
all members that vote) following which the agreed text is published as an ISO
International Standards.
Mainly standards require periodic revision. There are few factors which combine to cause to
be a standard out of date such as technological development, new methods, and new quality
and safety requirements. So to take into account of this issue, ISO has introduced the general
rule that all ISO standards should be review at intervals of not more than five years. On
occasion it is necessary to revise a standard earlier.
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Ways to Maintain ISO Standards
ISO certification can be obtain by a small business and also big companies by fulling the
requirements on ISO.
The first step the obtain ISO certification is to find funding. In an organization the company
should look for special program which will help the company or the organization to obtain a
point to receive or to have the ISO certification or to look for few investors to invest in the
organization for the organization to get the certification.
Next way to get the ISO certification then it may have to take in to consideration is the
availability of training and the operators schedule. Later the organization must make or set a
time period for achieving ISO standards objectives. Moreover the organization will have to
train their employee and provide them the complete information on what are standards of
quality which the organization is going to obtain.
The third is management commitment for the organization to get the ISO standards. Without
commitment from those people working within the organization, it will be really impossible
to be an ISO certified organization. Lack of management commitment refers to slow progress
or development.
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Question 3
Nestlé's assurance is to provide quality products to Malaysians dates back more than 90 years
ago. Nestlé had started in Malaysia at 1912 as the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in
Penang and later, enlargement and expansion made a move to Kuala Lumpur necessary in
1939.
Since 1962, with its first factory in Petaling Jaya, Nestlé Malaysia now manufactures its
products in 7 factories and operates from its head office in Mutiara Damansara, and 6 sales
offices nationwide.
The Company was openly listed on the KLSE on 13 December, 1989. Today, the Company
employs 5000 people and manufactures as well as markets more than 300 Halal products in
Malaysia. Its brand name such has MILO, NESCAFÉ, MAGGI, NESPRAY and KIT KAT
have become trusted household names and enjoyed for generations.
Manufacturing Process of Nestle
Research and development
The Nestle research and development centres have two major tasks to make new products and
manufacturing processes and to improve those that already exist. These centres play a key
role in manufactured goods safety and quality and also have their role in conserving resources
and protecting the environment. Environmental concerns are an integral part of any
development process to make sure that our future commercial operations meet the desired
criteria.
The Nestle Research Centre offer the scientific support needed to avoid and solve
environmental problems arising in the development groups as well as manufacturing. In
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addition, research are carried out to find new ways of using industrial residues to create value
added by products. This will help to reduce the total emissions and effluents.
The Nestle development centres organize an environmental impact studies for new products
and manufacturing processes. These cover all aspects, from raw materials, through
processing, to the final packed product. These analyses provide additional elements for use in
deciding whether to commercialize a new product, or to introduce a new or modified process.
Handling of raw materials
Nestle Group is in principle not directly involved in primary production of raw materials and
other food ingredients. In general we use locally available raw materials and purchase them
either directly from producers or through existing trade channels.
Raw materials have to meet clearly recognized quality criteria and are checked for possible
contaminants including environmental contaminants. Our purchasing specifications comply
not only with legal requirements but go further to make sure highest safety and cleanliness of
our products.
Whenever possible we give first choice to those goods for which environmental aspects have
been taken into consideration. In those cases where the required agricultural raw materials are
not available locally, but the natural production conditions exist, we encourage local
production and provide assistance for cultivation and dairy farm management.
We support plant growing and livestock husbandry methods which:
Use the least energy.
Preserve and improve natural soil productivity and economize and protect water
resources
Allow the lowest, most appropriate and safe use of agro-chemicals
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Packaging
Manufacturing comprises all unit operations necessary to transform unpreserved raw
materials into finished products, with the aim to make them safe and convenient for the
customers. The manufacturing activities of the Nestle Group:
Respect natural resources by efficient use of raw materials and energy
Ensure environmentally safe disposal of all waste which cannot be recycled.
Minimize waste generation and emissions
Regular appraisal of processing practices are approved out. These assessments include:
Evaluation of individual plant performance with regard to operations which have an
impact on the environment
Definition of targets for improvement
Review of plant compliance with local government regulations, company
Environmental standards, as well as results achieved in comparison with targets for
improvement
Full investigation of incidents which may affect the environment.
Information on developments in environmental protection technology and practices is
dispersed as required to ensure that all plants are using the most effective environmental
practices for their type of processing. This applies also for co packers.
Marketing and distribution
Marketing is based on the principle of pleasing customer needs. This is the foundation also
for the environmental marketing approach of Nestle.
Environmental product claims in advertising, promotional material and on packaging are in
accordance with legal requirements, based on solid scientific evidence and used in a serious
and reasonable way.
Our aim is to minimize wastage in communication, publicity and promotional material, in
particular through more precise targeting of marketing activities.
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Consumer promotions and goods material such as consumer offers, in store promotions,
display material, leaflets, printed matter, and others. take environmental aspects into account.
This means due consideration of environmental impact in selecting both materials and
printing methods.
In distribution, energy efficient and pollution controlled methods are encouraged wherever
possible.
Information, communication and education
Nestlé’s policy is designed to provide correct and coherent information on the activities of the
Group.
Activities related to the environment benefit from the same treatment and their
communication is secured through all currently available means inside and outside the Group.
It is furthermore Nestlé’s duty to create awareness, to train and motivate employees on their
personal responsibility with regard to the protection of the environment.
Legislation and regulations
It is the policy of the Nestle Group to strictly comply with all laws and regulations relevant to
our activities. We participate in discussions on food legislation and regulations between
international organizations, government representatives, industry, the scientific world and
consumer associations. We also apply this policy to environment related matters.
In doing so, we cooperate with legislators through local industry associations in order to
promote laws and regulations in the field of environment which are reasonable, rational,
realistic, applicable and enforceable. We oppose unjustified bans and any other
discriminatory measures.
We favour the harmonization of food regulations in order to remove existing trade barriers
and to avoid the creation of new ones. This applies also to environmental issues. We favour
the exchange of information, of experience and of knowledge between the various interested
parties.
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Thanks to all these synergies, we can contribute to valuable discussions and be recognized as
an active partner in helping authorities to formulate comprehensive strategies in the field of
the environment.
All the elements of The Nestle Policy on the Environment are part of the technical assistance
process which provides for a permanent transfer of knowhow and technology from the
Central Service Company (NESTEC) to all Nestle subsidiaries in the world.
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Quality Assurance {Nestle}
Quality Is the foundation of our food, nutrition, health and wellness company
Nestlé strives to create value that can be sustained over the long term by meeting consumer
needs for nutrition, enjoyment and Quality they can trust. Every day, millions of people all
over the world show their confidence in us by choosing Nestlé products and brands. This
confidence is based on our Quality image and a reputation for high standards that has been
built up over many years. Every product on the shelf, every service and every customer
contact help to shape this image. A Nestlé brand name on a product is a promise to the
customer that it is safe to consume, that it complies with all relevant laws and regulations and
that it constantly meets high standards of Quality. Each and every Nestlé employee is
involved in and dedicated to achieving high Quality standards for our customers and
consumers.
Quality is to win consumer Trust and Preference
Nestle normally offers products and services to the customers and consumers that meets or
based on their needs, have their preference and offer sound nutrition. Main intention of Nestle
is to win the trust of customers and consumers by constantly listening to them in terms of
understanding their expectations and consistently satisfying their needs and preference.
Nestle back bone are their customers and consumers are the centre of nestle attention and
recognize their legitimate interest in the behaviour, beliefs and actions of Nestle behind
brands in which they place their trust.
Quality is Everybody Commitment
Nestle management takes the lead, sets objective and demonstrates its commitment towards
quality by practicing and living what they preach. Nestle functions based on value chain
which are fully responsible for observing mandatory principle, norms and instructions for
maintaining agreed quality standards and for the constantly improvement.
Nestle quality personnel at all levels are the guardian of quality, food quality and regulatory
compliance. Moreover Nestle promote quality awareness, assess performance and challenge
the organization to sustain and improve quality standards of Nestle.
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In addition Nestle do communicate their quality standards to their business partners who
basically are expected to share the same commitment to quality to meet their requirements
constantly.
Quality is to strive for Zero defects and no Waste
Nestle focus on facts and results and they strive for zero defects and excellence in whatever
they do. They adopt no waste attitude and constantly look for competitiveness and
opportunities for continuous improvement of the quality of the products and services when it
is delivered to consumers and customers. Normally nestle provide enough resources,
equipment, procedures and systems to ensure high quality standards. Moreover Nestle build
some necessary competence and technical skills for example develop training and teamwork
that are crucial to the successful implementation of these standards and to the achievement of
excellence and competitiveness.
Quality is to guarantee food safety and full compliance
Nestle implement full compliance with the mandatory standards and principles of their
quality management systems which include regulatory, food safety and quality requirements
in every step of their value chain. Nestle measure their quality performance as well as the
satisfaction of their customers and consumers by listening to them. Shortcoming or mistakes
are analyzed and find and immediate action plan for improvement.
Nestle quality management system is aligned with international standards and full
transparency is ensured by verification external bodies. Nestle strives for the flawless
execution of their quality activities throughout their organization based on open
communication rigorous discipline, on proactiveness and factual
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Products of Nestle
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References
http://www.scribd.com/doc/21247172/A-Primer-on-the-Taguchi-System-of-Quality-Engineering
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguchi_methods
http://www.sixsigmaspc.com/dictionary/parameterdesign.html
http://www.sixsigmaspc.com/dictionary/tolerancedesign.html
http://www.iso.org/iso/home.html
http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9000
http://www.nestle.com.my/
http://www.google.com.my/#hl=en&biw=1280&bih=685&q=manufacturing+process+of+neslte&aq=
f&aqi=g1&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=&fp=7d8db245f2c7457e
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