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Why did Britain have a large Royal Navy?
Historically, Great Britain had the largest Navy in the world by a long shot. Today its position was taken by the US,
but from around the 16th Century up to around the 20th Century, Britain's navy was huge. How and why did it get
so big?
Also, how was the big Royal Navy and Army outflanked by the not-so-big French Navy at Yorktown during the
American Revolution?
And how did it get into the condition it's in today, vastly outnumbered by the US and about equal to China?
Britain is an island nation. So geographically it must remain in confact with the rest of the world. Because its a
small nation without many resources, it needs to import resources through trade. To protect its trade it needs a
professional navy.
The British have faced invasions throghout their history - ie the Vikings, the Norman Conquest, by the french, the
Spanish, Napoleon, and the Germans.
The origins of the modern day British navy go back to the days of Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth 1 when
England became involved in wars against Spain. With the english farmers doing badly because of the english
pound being devalued, the English farmers and aristocracy turned to privateering or pirating against the Spanish
gold ships returning from the new world
Attempts by the Spanish king Philip II to attack England were met with disaster. Meanwhile, British Privateers not
only attacked Spanish gold ships, but also attacked Spanish possessions overseas in the Carribean and in the
Americas. The British eventually took Spanish possessions such as Jamaica and developed colonies in northern
America. The navy expanded as the British developed trade with these colonies.
The British also developed a large navy because of exploration. Captain James Cook voyages of discovery of
Australia, New Zealand meant that new colonies establish had to be protected from the French and the Russians.
As Britain became involved in European conflicts against Napoleon and Russia, the use of a powerful navy
became important. But the most important development came with the looming First World War against Imperial
Germany and the naval arms race that took place between 1890 and 1914.
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