SI bone sheet

							Bones and Bony Landmarks To Know For Practical Exam
Bones       Landmarks Structures                                   Learn Check Test   Teach   Function
I. Axial Skeleton
Skull:
Bones of the Cranium:
Frontal
Occipital
            Lambdoid suture
            Foramen magnum
                              Spinal cord
            Occipital condyles
            Hypoglossal canal
                              Cranial nerve XII
            External occipital crest and protuberance
Parietal
            Sagittal suture
            Coronal suture
Temporal
            Squamous part
            Petrous part
            Zygomatic process
            Mandibular fossa
            External auditory meatus
            Styloid process
            Mastoid process
            Jugular foramen
                              Jugular vein
                              Cranial nerves IX, X, XI through
            Carotid canal
                              Internal carotid artery
            Internal acoustic meatus
                              Cranial nerves VII, VIII
            Foramen lacerum
                              Nerves and internal carotid artery
Sphenoid
            Greater wings
            Superior orbital fissure
            Sella turcica
                              Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
            Lesser wings
            Optic canals
                              Optic nerves (Cranial nerve II)
            Foramen rotundum
                              Branch of Cranial nerve V
                               (not visible on inferior view of skull;
                               only interior view of cranial floor.
            Foramen ovale
                               Branch of cranial nerve V
Ethmoid
            Crista galli
            Cribriform plate
                            Cranial nerves I—Olfactory nerves
            Perpendicular plate
            (forms superior part of bony nasal septum)
            Lateral masses
            (know these exist and contain the ethmoid sinuses)
            Superior and middle nasal conchae

Facial Bones:
Mandible
            Mandibular body
            Mandibular ramus
            Mandibular condyle
            (articulates with temporal bone forming TMJ)
            Coronoid process
            Mandibular angle
            Mental foramen
            Mandibular foramen
                              Mandibular branch of CN V
            Alveolar process (contains teeth in their sockets)
Maxilla
            Alveolar process (contains teeth in their sockets)
            Palatine process
            (forms anterior part of hard or bony palate)
            Infraorbital foramen
                              Infraorbital nerves/ blood vessels
Palatine bones form the posterior part of the hard palate.
Zygomatic bone
            Temporal process articulates with
            zygomatic process of temporal bone
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
Vomer
            Inferior nasal conchae (turbinates)
Hyoid Bone
Vertebrae:
Be able to tell the difference between cervical, thoracic and
lumbar vertebrae. Note that cervical vertebrae 1 and 2 are
given special names and have special functions.
             General Features:
             Body (centrum)
             Vertebral arch (laminae + pedicles)
             Vertebral foramen (spinal cord passes through)
             Transverse processes
             Spinous process
             (attachment site for back and neck muscles)
             Superior and inferior articular processes
              (articulate with adjacent vertebrae)
Cervical vertebrae:
Transverse foramen (a distinguishing feature of all cervical
vertebrae-vertebralartery enters the cranium by passing through
these foramina)
Atlas (cervical vertebra 1)
             Lacks body
             Articulates with occipital condyles (“Yes”)
Axis (cervical vertebra 2)
             Dens or odontoid process forms pivot joint with
             atlas (“No”)
Vertebra prominens (cervical vertebra 7)
              Large spinous process-- Marks end of neck.
Thoracic vertebrae:
             Costal facets (demifacents) on body for articulation
             with ribs.
Lumbar vertebrae:
Sacrum: Posterior:
             Ala
             Median sacral crest
             Sacral canal
             Superior articular process
             Posterior sacral foramina
             Sacral hiatus
             Anterior:
             Anterior sacral foramina
Coccyx:
Sternum:
             Manubrium
             Body
             Xiphoid process
             Jugular notch
             Sternal angle
Ribs:
           Head
           Neck
           Shaft
           True ribs (vertebrosternal);
           False ribs (vertebrochondral);
           Foating (vertebral ribs)
Know the sutures and what bones contain sinuses