THE IMPACT CONCUSSION
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Mark R. Lovell, Ph.D.
Professor and Division Head,
Sports Medicine Concussion Program
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Department of Neurological Surgery
President, ImPACT Applications
DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
Dr. Lovell is the developer of the ImPACT software and
has a proprietary interest in the ImPACT program
Dr. Lovell has served as a consultant for the National
Football League, the National Hockey League, Major
League Baseball, NASCAR, the Indianapolis Racing
League, Major League Soccer, F1 Racing, the US ski
team, the US Olympic Team and World Wrestling
Entertainment
The UPMC Multidisciplinary Approach
Parents
Family
Doctor
Imaging
UPMC
Program
PM & R
ATC’s
School
What ImPACT Is and Isn’t:
IS a useful concussion screening/management
tool
Is part of a multidisciplinary approach
IS validated with multiple published studies
IS NOT a substitute for more comprehensive
neuropsychological assessment
Development of ImPACT:
A Brief History
1988 – 1994 Work with Pittsburgh Steelers
1994 - 1996 Test Development
1996 - 1997 Field Testing (Multiple Sites)
1998 - 2000 NCAA/NAN Studies
2000 UPMC Program Established
2003 - 2007 CDC Child Study (Gioia et al.)
2000 - present Reliability/Validity Data Published
1999 - present
3 Textbooks / 32 Chapters
40 + publications
Key Team Members
Mark Lovell, Founder/President
Joseph Maroon, Founder Chief Medical Officer
Micky Collins, Founder/Chief Clinical Officer
David Hall, CEO
Labiba Russo, EVP, Sales/Marketing
Joe Mayer, Director of Reseach and Devleopment
Joao Delima, Lead Programmer
Doug Tauchen, Tech Support
Composite Summary of Results
In addition to the individual scores for each module
described, ImPACT 2.0 also yields summary composite
scores for Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Reaction Time, Processing Speed
and Impulse Control.
Numeric Display of all Composites over Time
PSYCHOMETRICS
Test-Retest Reliability
Preliminary data on 27 healthy high
school students from Beaver County, PA.
Assessed with ImPACT five times, each
48 hours apart.
Podell, INS, 2002
Processing Speed Composite
Test-Retest Reliability
50
45
40
35
30
r=.75 r=.88 r=.87 r=.65
25
20
15
10
5
0
T- 0 T- 1 T-2 T-3 T-4
All correlations significant at p300,000
Spanish 1,528
French 226
Mandarin 84
Russian 352
Czech 88
German 80
Portuguese 64
Swedish 20
Finnish ?
Afrikaans ?
Italian ?
Norwegian ?
*Does not include NHL data
Non-Sports Research Applications
Project N
Pediatric Version 400
(Gioia et al.)
Pediatric Trauma (CHOP) ?
(Nance, et al.)
Military Version 700
(Tangey et al.)
Domestic Violence 250
(Pearson et al.)
Sleep Apnea ?
(Strollo et al.)
Learning Disabilities
Grant Iverson, Marie-Claude Roberge
University of British Columbia & British
Columbia Mental Health & Addiction Services
Michael Collins, Mark Lovell
University of Pittsburgh
INS, 2007
Learning Disabilities
41 student athletes with academic problems
(Had received special education or repeated a grade)
compared to 41 randomly selected controls
Students with academic difficulties worse on Verbal
Memory and Processing speed. They also reported
significantly more subjective symptoms
Knowing pre-injury level of functioning will facilitate
post-injury interpretation of test results
Cross-Cultural Research
South African Rugby vs. American Football
Professor Ann Edwards, Sarah Radloff,
Rhodes University, South Africa
Alex Taylor, Psy.D., Mark Lovell, Ph.D.
University of Pittsburgh
American Football vs. South African Rugby
Group SA Rugby American Football
Number of Subjects
11-13 301 775
14-16 997 4,081
17-21 319 4’707
Age
11-13 12.97 (.20) 12.49 (.61)
14-16 14.94 (.82) 15.10 (.77)
17-21 17.20 (.44) 18.64 (1.31)
Concussion History-Mean(Range)
11-13 .30 (0-4) .17 (0-5)
14-16 .65 (0-5) .26 (0-7)
17-21 .83 (0-5) .44 (0-11)
Hours sleep prior to test
11-13 8.1 (1.27) 8.7 (1.40)
14-16 7.7 (.98) 7.8 (1.4)
17-21 7.2 (1.13) 7.3 (1.40)
Learning Disability
11-13 (11 Percent) (10 Percent)
14-16 (8 Percent) (8 Percent)
17-21 (9 percent) (7 Percent)
American Football vs. South African Rugby
Athletes (Males)
F=7.52 F=.20 F=.65
P<.006 NS NS
d=.19 d=.20 d=.03
ImPACT Verbal Memory Composite
American Football vs. South African Rugby
Athletes (Males)
F=6.72 F=25.9 F=14.9
P<.009 P<00001 P<.0001
d=.17 d=.18 d=.22
ImPACT Visual Memory Composite
American Football vs. South African Rugby
Athletes (Males)
F=2.23
NS
F=3.11 F=9.77
d=.006
NS P<.002
d=.06 d=.18
ImPACT Impulse Control Composite
American Football vs. South African Rugby
Athletes (Males)
F=52.4 F=64.8 F=110
P<000001 P<000001 P<000000
d=.48 d=.28 d=.60
ImPACT Symptom Composite
American Football vs. South African Rugby
Athletes (Males)
F=.72
F=16.3 NS
F=2.23 P<.00005 d=.05
NS d=.18
d=.12
ImPACT Visual Motor Processing Speed Composite
American Football vs. South African Rugby
Athletes (Males)
F=20.6
P<000006 F=.40 F=7.6
d=.32 NS P<006
d=.02 d=.15
ImPACT Reaction Time Composite
www.impacttest.com
Mark Lovell, PhD Micky Collins, PhD
UPMC Sports Concussion Program UPMC Sports Concussion Program
Phone: (412) 432-3670 Phone: (412) 432-3668
Email: lovellmr@msx.upmc.edu Email: collinsmw@msx.upmc.edu
Labiba Russo PJ Flanagan and Doug Tauchen
ImPACT Sales & Marketing ImPACT Technical Support
Phone: (877) 646-7991 Phone: (800) 942-8632
Email: lrusso@impacttest.com Email: support@flantech.net