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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF
DEVELOPED & UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRY
COUNTRIES :
CANADA (Developed)
NEPAL (Underdeveloped)
PAKISTAN (Developing)
SUBMITTED TO:
Prof. Dr Ch.Abid Hussain
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UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
SUBMITTED BY :
MUBASHER NAZIR
M06BBA014
USMAN BASHIR
M06BBA054
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CANADA NEPAL PAKISTAN
(developed ) (underdeveloped) (developing)
CANDA is the developed nation of the world with an HDI ranking of 4th in the world.
Comparing it with the other two countries Canada is very much ahead in all respects.
PAKISTAN & NEPAL both located in south Asia are very much backward countries as
compared to Canada. There are certain social & economic factors given below which will
further clarify the situation among these countries in different perspectives.
INDICATOR CANADA NEPAL PAKISTAN
POPULATION 33,487,208 28,563,377 174,578,558
CAPITAL Ottawa Kathmandu Islamabad
TOTAL AREA 9,984,670 sq km 147,181 sq km 796,095 sq km
CURRENCY Canadian dollar Nepalese rupee PKR
HDI RANKING 4TH I44TH 141ST
LARGEST CITY Toronto Kathmandu Karachi
LITERACY RATE 99% 55% 54%
LIFE EXPECTANCY 81.23 years 65.46 years 65.26 years
AT BIRTH
INFANT 5.04 deaths/1,000 47.46 deaths/1,000 67.36 deaths/1,000
MORTALITY RATE
DEATH RATE 7.74 deaths/1,000 6.97 deaths/1,000 7.21 deaths/1,000
GDP (CURRENT US$ 1,336.43 US$ 12.615 Billion US$ 166.515 Billion
PRICES, US Billion
DOLLARS)
GDP GROWTH -2.643 % 4.661 % 4.661 %
GDP SHARE OF 1.847 % 0.048 % 0.627 %
WORLD TOTAL
(PPP)
GDP PER CAPITA US$ 39,668.62 US$ 39,668.62 US$ 1,016.73
INFLATION RATE 0.292 % 13.226 % 20.77%
UNEMPLOYEMENT 8.5% 46% 15.2%
RATE
POPULATION BELOW 10.80% 24.7% 24%
POVERTY LINE
LABOURE FORCE 18.4m 18m 55.84m
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REASONS FOR THE UNDERDELPMENT:
The major reasons for the underdevelopment of Pakistan and Nepal are almost same.
They are as follows.
Political instability
Large budget deficit
Inflation
Unemployment
Poor health & sanitation facilities
Heavy imports compared to exports
Reliability of foreign donations
Lack of infrastructure facilities
Ignorance towards agricultural sector
Power crises
Heavy corruption
MUBASHER NAZIR (M06BBA014)
USMAN BASHIR (M06BBA054)
CANADA
Population: 33,487,208 (July 2009 est.)
Area: total: 9,984,670 sq km land: 9,093,507 sq km water: 891,163 sq km
Natural Resources: iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver,
fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower
Capital: name: Ottawa geographic coordinates: 45 25 N, 75 42 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time
as Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in
March; ends first Sunday in November note: Canada is divided into six time zones
SOME IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
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As an affluent, high-tech industrial society in the tr-dollar class, Canada resembles the USA in its
market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and affluent living standards. Since World
War II, the impressive growth of the industrial manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has
transformed the country from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The
1989 USA-Canada Free trade (imports and exportsJ) Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North America
Free trade (imports and exports) Agreement (North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)) (which
includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade (imports and exports) and economic
integration with the USA, its principle trading (importing and exporting) partner. Canada enjoys a
substantial trade (imports and exports) surplus with the USA, which absorbs nearly 80 per cent of
Canadian exports each year. Canada is the USA's largest foreign supplier of energy, including oil and
gas, gas, uranium, and electricity. Given its great natural resources, skilled workforce, and modern
capital plant, Canada has enjoyed solid growth of the economy, and prudent financial management
has produced consecutive balanced budgets from 1997 to 2007. In 2008, growth delayeded
noticeably as a result of the global financial crisis, USA housing slump, plunging auto sector demand,
and a drop in world commodity prices or pricing. Public finances, too, are set to deteriorate for the first
time in a ten years. Tight global credit conditions have further restrained business and housing
investment, despite the conservative lending practices and strong capitalization that made Canada's
serious banks and financial institutions among the most stable internationally.
More on the
Economic Indicator Listing
For Canada in year 2009 Indicator Value
GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency) -2.643 %
GDP (Current Prices, National Currency) CAD 1,527.67 Billion.
GDP (Current Prices, US Dollars) US$ 1,336.43 Billion
GDP Deflator 118.753 (Index, Base Year as per
country's accounts = 100)
GDP Per Capita (Constant Prices, National Currency) CAD 38,184.62 .
GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, National Currency) CAD 45,345.23 .
GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, US Dollars) US$ 39,668.62
Output Gap, Percent of Potential GDP -5.183 %
GDP (PPP), US Dollars US$ 1,281.06 Billion
GDP Per Capita (PPP), US Dollars US$ 38,025.32
GDP Share of World Total (PPP) 1.847 %
Implied PPP Conversion Rate 1.193
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For Canada in year 2009 Indicator Value
Investment (% of GDP) 21.181 %
Gross National Savings (% of GDP) 18.477 %
Inflation, Average Consumer Prices (Indexed to Year 2000) 119.972 (Index, Base Year 2000 =
100)
Inflation (Average Consumer Price Change %) 0.292 %
Inflation, End of Year (Indexed to Year 2000) 119.235 (Index, Base Year 2000 =
100)
Inflation (End of Year Change %) 0.816 %
Unemployment Rate (% of Labour Force) 8.283 %
Employment 16.849 Million
Population 33.69 Million
Total Government Net Lending/ Borrowing (National Currency) CAD -77.614 Billions.
Total Government Net Lending/ Borrowing (% of GDP) -5.025 %
General Government Structural Balance (National Currency) CAD -32.905 Billion.
General Government Structural Balance (% Potential GDP) -2.042 %
Total Government Net Debt (National Currency) CAD 436.232 Billion.
Total Government Net Debt (% of GDP) 28.245 %
Total Government Gross Debt (National Currency) CAD 1,260.47 Billion.
Total Government Gross Debt (% of GDP) 81.612 %
Fiscal Year Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices CAD 1,544.47 Billions.
Current Account Balance (US Dollars) US$ -36.132 Billion
Current Account Balance (% GDP) -2.704 %
General Government Balance (National Currency) CAD -75.324 Billion.
General Government Balance (% of GDP) -4.944 %
Economic Indicators for Canada 2009
GDP (Constant Prices, National Currency) for Canada in year 2009 is CAD 1,286.43 Billion. Real GDP is
expressed in billions of national currency units; the base year is country-specific.
GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency) for Canada in year 2009 is -2.643 %. Annual
percentages of constant price GDP are year-on-year changes; the base year is country-specific.
GDP (Current Prices, National Currency) for Canada in year 2009 is CAD 1,527.67 Billion. GDP is
expressed in billions of national currency units.
GDP (Current Prices, US Dollars) for Canada in year 2009 is US$ 1,336.43 Billion. Values are based upon
GDP in national currency and the exchange rate projections provided by country economists for the group of
other emerging market and developing countries. Exchanges rates for advanced economies are established
in the WEO assumptions.
GDP Deflator for Canada in year 2009 is 118.753 (Index, Base Year as per country's accounts = 100). The
GDP deflator is derived by dividing current price GDP by constant price GDP and is considered to be an
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alternate measure of inflation. Please note: Data are expressed in the base year of each country's national
accounts.
GDP Per Capita (Constant Prices, National Currency) for Canada in year 2009 is CAD 38,184.62 . GDP
is expressed in constant national currency per person. Data are derived by dividing constant price GDP by
total population.
GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, National Currency) for Canada in year 2009 is CAD 45,345.23 . GDP is
expressed in current national currency per person. Data are derived by dividing current price GDP by total
population.
GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, US Dollars) for Canada in year 2009 is US$ 39,668.62 . GDP is
expressed in current U.S. dollars per person. Data are derived by first converting GDP in national currency to
U.S. dollars and then dividing it by total population.
Output Gap, Percent of Potential GDP for Canada in year 2009 is -5.183 %. Output gaps for advanced
economies are calculated as actual GDP less potential GDP as a percent of potential GDP. Estimates of
output gaps are subject to a significant margin of uncertainty.
GDP (PPP), US Dollars for Canada in year 2009 is US$ 1,281.06 Billion. These data form the basis for the
country weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic
economy. Please note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO
weights have been
GDP Per Capita (PPP), US Dollars for Canada in year 2009 is US$ 38,025.32 . These data form the basis
for the country weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the
domestic economy. Please note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data.
WEO weights have been
GDP Share of World Total (PPP) for Canada in year 2009 is 1.847 %. These data form the basis for the
country weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic
economy. Please note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO
weights have been
Implied PPP Conversion Rate for Canada in year 2009 is 1.193 . These data form the basis for the country
weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic economy.
Please note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO weights have
been
Investment (% of GDP) for Canada in year 2009 is 21.181 %. Data are based on individual countries'
national accounts statistics. For many countries, the estimates of national saving are built up from national
accounts data on gross domestic investment and from balance of payments-based data on net foreign
investm
Gross National Savings (% of GDP) for Canada in year 2009 is 18.477 %. Data are based on individual
countries' national accounts statistics. For many countries, the estimates of national saving are built up from
national accounts data on gross domestic investment and from balance of payments-based data on net
foreign investm
Inflation, Average Consumer Prices (Indexed to Year 2000) for Canada in year 2009 is 119.972 (Index,
Base Year 2000 = 100). Data for inflation are averages for the year, not end-of-period data. The index is
based on 2000=100.
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Inflation (Average Consumer Price Change %) for Canada in year 2009 is 0.292 %. Data for inflation are
averages for the year, not end-of-period data.
Inflation, End of Year (Indexed to Year 2000) for Canada in year 2009 is 119.235 (Index, Base Year 2000
= 100). Data for inflation are end of the period, not annual average data. The index is based on 2000=100.
Inflation (End of Year Change %) for Canada in year 2009 is 0.816 %. Data for inflation are end of the
period, not annual average data.
Unemployment Rate (% of Labour Force) for Canada in year 2009 is 8.283 %.
Employment for Canada in year 2009 is 16.849 Million .
Population for Canada in year 2009 is 33.69 Million .
Total Government Net Lending/ Borrowing (National Currency) for Canada in year 2009 is CAD -77.614
Billions. Net lending (+)/ borrowing (?) is calculated as revenue minus total expenditure. This is a core GFS
balance that measures the extent to which general government is either putting financial resources at the
disposal of other sectors in the economy and nonr
Total Government Net Lending/ Borrowing (% of GDP) for Canada in year 2009 is -5.025 %.
General Government Structural Balance (National Currency) for Canada in year 2009 is CAD -32.905
Billion. Data are on a national income accounts basis. The structural budget position is defined as the actual
budget deficit (or surplus) less the effects of cyclical deviations of output from potential output. Because of the
margin of uncertainty that attaches t
General Government Structural Balance (% Potential GDP) for Canada in year 2009 is -2.042 %. Data
are on a national income accounts basis. The structural budget position is defined as the actual budget deficit
(or surplus) less the effects of cyclical deviations of output from potential output. Because of the margin of
uncertainty that attaches t
Total Government Net Debt (National Currency) for Canada in year 2009 is CAD 436.232 Billion. Net debt
is calculated as gross debt minus financial assets corresponding to debt instruments. These financial assets
are: monetary gold and SDRs, currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pension, and
standardized guarantee schemes, and o
Total Government Net Debt (% of GDP) for Canada in year 2009 is 28.245 %. Net debt is calculated as
gross debt minus financial assets corresponding to debt instruments. These financial assets are: monetary
gold and SDRs, currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pension, and standardized
guarantee schemes, and o
Total Government Gross Debt (National Currency) for Canada in year 2009 is CAD 1,260.47 Billion.
Gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor
to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. This includes debt liabilities in the form of SDRs, currency and
deposits, debt securities
Total Government Gross Debt (% of GDP) for Canada in year 2009 is 81.612 %. Gross debt consists of all
liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date
or dates in the future. This includes debt liabilities in the form of SDRs, currency and deposits, debt securities
Fiscal Year Gross Domestic Product, Current Prices for Canada in year 2009 is CAD 1,544.47 Billions.
Gross domestic product corresponding to fiscal year is the country's GDP based on the same period during
the year as their fiscal data. In the case of countries whose fiscal data are based on a fiscal calendar (e.g.,
July to June), this series would be the country's GDP over that same period. For countries whose fiscal data
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are based on a calendar year (i.e., January to December), this series will be the same as their GDP in current
prices.
Current Account Balance (US Dollars) for Canada in year 2009 is US$ -36.132 Billion. Current account is
all transactions other than those in financial and capital items. The major classifications are goods and
services, income and current transfers. The focus of the BOP is on transactions (between an economy and
the rest of the world) in
Current Account Balance (% GDP) for Canada in year 2009 is -2.704 %. Balance of payments data are
based upon the methodology of the 5th edition of the International Monetary Fund's Balance of Payments
Manual (1993). Data for the world total reflects errors, omissions, and asymmetries in balance of payments
statistics on cu
General Government Balance (National Currency) for Canada in year 2009 is CAD -75.324 Billion. Data
are on a national income accounts basis. Please refer to Box A1 in the World Economic Outlook for a
summary of the policy assumptions underlying the projections.
General Government Balance (% of GDP) for Canada in year 2009 is -4944 %. Data are on a national
income accounts basis. Please refer to Box A1 in the World Economic Outlook for a summary of the policy
assumptions underlying the projections.
Canada Geography (Location, geographic coordinates, map references, area, terrain,
elevation extremes, borders, coastline and maritime claims)
Location: Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west,
and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US
Geographic coordinates: 60 00 N, 95 00 W
Map references: North America
Area: total: 9,984,670 sq km land: 9,093,507 sq km water: 891,163 sq km
Area - comparative: somewhat larger than the US
Terrain: mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m
Land boundaries: total: 8,893 km border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)
Coastline: 202,080 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf:
200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Geography - note: second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via
north polar route; approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km of the US border
Canada Climate and Environment (climate, environmental issues, environmental agreements,
naCanada Climate and Environment (climate, environmental issues, environmental
agreements, natural hazards)
Climate: varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north
Natural hazards: continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of
the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and
produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains
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Environment - current issues: air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests;
metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean
waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities
Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-
Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-
Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation
Canada Natural Resources, Agricultural Products, Land Use and Water Use
Natural resources: iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber,
wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower
Agriculture - products: wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish
Land use: arable land: 4.57% permanent crops: 0.65% other: 94.78% (2005)
Irrigated land: 7,850 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources: 3,300 cu km (1985)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): total: 44.72 cu km/yr (20%/69%/12%) per capita: 1,386
cu m/yr (1996)
* Source: CIA
Canada Telephone Statistics: Number of Fixed Lines, Mobile Phone Penetration Rate
Telephone system: general assessment: excellent service provided by modern technology domestic: domestic
satellite system with about 300 earth stations international: country code - 1; submarine cables provide links to the
US and Europe; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean, and 2 Intersputnik -
Atlantic Ocean region) (2007)
Population : 33,487,208 (July 2009 est.)
Telephones - main lines in use: 18.25 million (2008)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 21.455 million (2008)
Canada Age Structure, Median Age, Gender and Urbanization
Age structure: 0-14 years: 16.1% (male 2,761,711/female 2,626,836) 15-64 years: 68.7% (male 11,633,950/female
11,381,735) 65 years and over: 15.2% (male 2,220,189/female 2,862,787) (2009 est.)
Median Age: total: 40.4 years male: 39.3 years female: 41.5 years (2009 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65
years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Canada Population Growth Rate, Birth Rate, Death Rate, Net Migration Rate
Population growth rate: 0.817% (2009 est.)
Birth rate: 10.28 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Death rate: 7.74 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)
Net migration rate: 5.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Canada Life Expectancy Rate, Infant Mortality Rate and Total Fertility Rate
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 81.23 years male: 78.69 years female: 83.91 years (2009 est.)
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Infant mortality rate: total: 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.37 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.69
deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.58 children born/woman (2009 est.)
Canada HIV, AIDS and Other Major Infectious Disease Rates
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.4% (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 73,000 (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: fewer than 500 (2007 est.)
Major infectious diseases: -
hazards) Canada Nationality, Ethnic Groups, Languages and Religions
Nationality: noun: Canadian(s) adjective: Canadian
Ethnic groups: British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly
Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26%
Religions: Roman Catholic 42.6%, Protestant 23.3% (including United Church 9.5%, Anglican 6.8%, Baptist 2.4%,
Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other and unspecified 11.8%, none 16% (2001 census)
Languages: English (official) 58.8%, French (official) 21.6%, other 19.6% (2006 Census)
Canada Literacy Rate, Educational Expenditure and School Life Expectancy
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 17 years male: 17 years female: 17 years (2004)
Education expenditures: 5.2% of GDP (2002)
Canada Gross Domestic Product (PPP, Official Exchange Rate, Real Growth Rate and Per
Capita)
GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.287 trillion (2009 est.) $1.319 trillion (2008 est.) $1.313 trillion (2007 est.) note:
data are in 2009 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $1.319 trillion (2009 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: -2.4% (2009 est.) 0.4% (2008 est.) 2.5% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP): $38,400 (2009 est.) $39,700 (2008 est.) $39,900 (2007 est.) note: data are in 2009 US
dollars
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 2% industry: 28.4% services: 69.6% (2008 est.)
Canada Labor Force by Occupation
Labor force: 18.4 million (2009 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 2%, manufacturing 13%, construction 6%, services 76%, other 3% (2006)
Unemployment rate: 8.5% (2009 est.) 6.158% (2008 est.)
Canada Poverty Line, Gini Index, Household Income and Consumption
Population below poverty line: 10.8%; note - this figure is the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO), a calculation that results
in higher figures than found in many comparable economies; Canada does not have an official poverty line (2005)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 32.1 (2005) 31.5 (1994)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 24.8% (2000)
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Canada National Budget and Public Debt
Budget: revenues: $514.5 billion expenditures: $547.2 billion (2009 est.)
Public debt: 72.3% of GDP (2009 est.) 63.8% of GDP (2008 est
Canada Bank Rates (Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate, Central Bank Discount Rate)
Commercial bank prime lending rate: 4.73% (31 December 2008) 6.1% (31 December 2007)
Central bank discount rate: 1.75% (31 December 2008) 4.5% (31 December 2007
Canada Stock of Money, Stock of Quasi Money, Stock of Domestic Credit
Stock of money: $356.2 billion (31 December 2008) $391.6 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money: $1.299 trillion (31 December 2008) $1.381 trillion (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit: $2.335 trillion (31 December 2008) $2.382 trillion (31 December 2007)
Canada Stock Market Capitalization: Market Value of Publicly Traded Shares
Market value of publicly traded shares: $NA (31 December 2008) $2.187 trillion (31 December 2007) $1.701
trillion (31 December 2006)
Canada Industries and Industrial Growth Production Rate
Industries: transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and
paper products, fish products, petroleum and natural gas
Industrial production growth rate: -8% (2009 est.)
Canada Electricity Production, Electricity Consumption, Electricity Exports and Electricity
Imports
Electricity - production: 620.7 billion kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 536.1 billion kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - exports: 55.73 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports: 23.5 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Canada Oil Production, Proven Oil Reserves, Oil Consumption, Oil Exports and Oil Imports
Oil - production: 3.35 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - proved reserves: 178.1 billion bbl note: includes oil sands (1 January 2009 est.)
Oil - consumption: 2.26 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - exports: 2.421 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - imports: 1.165 million bbl/day (2008 est.)
Canada Natural Gas Production, Proven Natural Gas Reserves, Natural Gas Consumption,
Natural Gas Exports and Natural Gas Imports
Natural gas - production: 170.9 billion cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves: 1.64 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 82.93 billion cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - exports: 102.8 billion cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - imports: 14.84 billion cu m (2008 est.)
Canada Trade Statistics, Export Statistics, Export Partners and Products, Import Statistics,
Import Partners and Products
Exports: $298.5 billion (2009 est.) $459.1 billion (2008 est.)
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Exports - commodities: motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment;
chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum
Exports - partners: US 77.7%, UK 2.7%, Japan 2.3% (2008)
Imports: $305.2 billion (2009 est.) $415.2 billion (2008 est.)
Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity,
durable consumer goods
Imports - partners: US 52.4%, China 9.8%, Mexico 4.1% (2008)
* Source: CIA
Canada Foreign Exchange Reserves and Gold Reserves
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $NA (31 December 2009 est.) $43.87 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Canada FDI Statistics (Foreign Direct Investment at Home/ Inbound FDI, Foreign Direct
Investment Abroad/ Outbound FDI)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $434.4 billion (31 December 2009 est.) $433.4 billion (31 December
2008 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: $552.1 billion (31 December 2009 est.) $520.4 billion (31 December
2008 est.)
Canada Exchange Rate Statistics
Exchange rates: Canadian dollars (CAD) per US dollar - 1.1548 (2009), 1.0364 (2008), 1.0724 (2007), 1.1334
(2006), 1.2118 (2005)
Canada Airport Statistics (Paved Runway Airports, Unpaved Runway Airports, Heliports)
Airports: 1,388 (2009)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 515 over 3,047 m: 19 2,438 to 3,047 m: 18 1,524 to 2,437 m: 148 914 to
1,523 m: 251 under 914 m: 79 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 873 1,524 to 2,437 m: 73 914 to 1,523 m: 373 under 914 m: 427 (2009)
Heliports: 12 (2009)
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NEPAL
National or Regional Currency: Nepalese Rupee, NPR
Full Dataset: From Year 1980 to 2015
Date of Last Update: 10 May 2010
Population: 28,563,377 (July 2009 est.)
Area: total: 147,181 sq km
Natural Resources: quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron
ore
Capital: name: Kathmandu
Data Sources: IMF, World Bank, UN, OECD, CIA World Factbook
Nepal is among the poorest in Per-Capita GDP terms and least developed countries internationally with almost one-
third of its general populace living under the poverty line. Agriculture, fisheries and farming is the mainstay of its
economy, providing a livelihood for three-fourths of the general populace and accounting for 38 per cent of Gross
Domestic Product (GDP). Industrial activity mainly involves the processing of agricultural, agrarian, fisheries and
farming products, including pulses, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain. Bumper crops, better security, improved
transportation, and increased tourism and transportation pushed growth past 5 per cent in 2008, after growth had
hovered around 2.6 per cent - barely above the rate of general populace growth - for the previous three years. The
deteriorating global economy in 2009 will problem tourism and transportation and remittance growth, a key source of
foreign currency exchange. Nepal has considerable scope for exploiting its potential in hydropower and tourism and
transportation, areas of recent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) interest. Prospects for foreign trade (imports and
exports) or investment in other sectors will remain poor, however, because of the small size of its economy, its
technological backwardness, its remoteness and landlocked geographic location, its civil strife and workforce unrest,
and its susceptibility to natural disaster.
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Economic Indicator Listing
For Nepal in year 2009 Indicator Value
GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency) 4.661 %
GDP (Current Prices, National Currency) NPR 969.836 Billion.
GDP (Current Prices, US Dollars) US$ 12.615 Billion
GDP Deflator 165.435 (Index, Base Year as per
country's accounts = 100)
GDP Per Capita (Constant Prices, National Currency) NPR 21,002.17 .
GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, National Currency) NPR 34,744.94 .
GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, US Dollars) US$ 451.941
GDP (PPP), US Dollars US$ 33.643 Billion
GDP Per Capita (PPP), US Dollars US$ 1,205.27
` GDP Share of World Total (PPP) 0.048 %
Implied PPP Conversion Rate 28.828
Inflation, Average Consumer Prices (Indexed to Year 2000) 168.131 (Index, Base Year 2000 =
100)
Inflation (Average Consumer Price Change %) 13.226 %
Inflation, End of Year (Indexed to Year 2000) 175.556 (Index, Base Year 2000 =
100)
Inflation (End of Year Change %) 11.425 %
Population 27.913 Million
Current Account Balance (US Dollars) US$ 0.536 Billion
Current Account Balance (% GDP) 4.252 %
Economic Indicators for Nepal 2009
GDP (Constant Prices, National Currency) for Nepal in year 2009 is NPR 586.234 Billion. Real GDP is expressed
in billions of national currency units; the base year is country-specific.
GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency) for Nepal in year 2009 is 4.661 %. Annual percentages of
constant price GDP are year-on-year changes; the base year is country-specific.
GDP (Current Prices, National Currency) for Nepal in year 2009 is NPR 969.836 Billion. GDP is expressed in
billions of national currency units.
GDP (Current Prices, US Dollars) for Nepal in year 2009 is US$ 12.615 Billion. Values are based upon GDP in
national currency and the exchange rate projections provided by country economists for the group of other emerging
market and developing countries. Exchanges rates for advanced economies are established in the WEO
assumptions.
Page 16
GDP Deflator for Nepal in year 2009 is 165.435 (Index, Base Year ajs per country's accounts = 100). The GDP
deflator is derived by dividing current price GDP by constant price GDP and is considered to be an alternate measure
of inflation. Please note: Data are expressed in the base year of each country's national accounts.
GDP Per Capita (Constant Prices, National Currency) for Nepal in year 2009 is NPR 21,002.17 . GDP is
expressed in constant national currency per person. Data are derived by dividing constant price GDP by total
population.
GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, National Currency) for Nepal in year 2009 is NPR 34,744.94 . GDP is
expressed in current national currency per person. Data are derived by dividing current price GDP by total population.
GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, US Dollars) for Nepal in year 2009 is US$ 451.941 . GDP is expressed in current
U.S. dollars per person. Data are derived by first converting GDP in national currency to U.S. dollars and then
dividing it by total population.
GDP (PPP), US Dollars for Nepal in year 2009 is US$ 33.643 Billion. These data form the basis for the country
weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic economy. Please
note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO weights have been
GDP Per Capita (PPP), US Dollars for Nepal in year 2009 is US$ 1,205.27 . These data form the basis for the
country weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic economy.
Please note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO weights have been
GDP Share of World Total (PPP) for Nepal in year 2009 is 0.048 %. These data form the basis for the country
weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic economy. Please
note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO weights have been
Implied PPP Conversion Rate for Nepal in year 2009 is 28.828 . These data form the basis for the country weights
used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic economy. Please note:
The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO weights have been
Inflation, Average Consumer Prices (Indexed to Year 2000) for Nepal in year 2009 is 168.131 (Index, Base Year
2000 = 100). Data for inflation are averages for the year, not end-of-period data. The index is based on 2000=100.
Inflation (Average Consumer Price Change %) for Nepal in year 2009 is 13.226 %. Data for inflation are averages
for the year, not end-of-period data.
Inflation, End of Year (Indexed to Year 2000) for Nepal in year 2009 is 175.556 (Index, Base Year 2000 = 100).
Data for inflation are end of the period, not annual average data. The index is based on 2000=100.
Inflation (End of Year Change %) for Nepal in year 2009 is 11.425 %. Data for inflation are end of the period, not
annual average data.
Population for Nepal in year 2009 is 27.913 Million .
Current Account Balance (US Dollars) for Nepal in year 2009 is US$ 0.536 Billion. Current account is all
transactions other than those in financial and capital items. The major classifications are goods and services, income
and current transfers. The focus of the BOP is on transactions (between an economy and the rest of the world) in
Current Account Balance (% GDP) for Nepal in year 2009 is 4.252 %. Balance of payments data are based upon
the methodology of the 5th edition of the International Monetary Fund's Balance of Payments Manual (1993). Data for
the world total reflects errors, omissions, and asymmetries in balance of payments statistics on cu
Page 17
Nepal Geography (Location, geographic coordinates, map references, area, terrain, elevation extremes,
borders, coastline and maritime claims)
Location: Southern Asia, between China and India
Geographic coordinates: 28 00 N, 84 00 E
Map references: Asia
Area: total: 147,181 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly larger than Arkansas
Terrain: Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Kanchan Kalan 70 m
Land boundaries: total: 2,926 km border countries: China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Geography - note: landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest
peaks, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga - the world's tallest and third tallest - on the borders with China
and India respectively
Nepal Climate and Environment (climate, environmental issues, environmental agreements, natural hazards)
Climate: varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south
Natural hazards: severe thunderstorms; flooding; landslides; drought and famine depending on the timing, intensity,
and duration of the summer monsoons
Environment - current issues: deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); contaminated water
(with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife conservation; vehicular emissions
Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber
83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Nepal Natural Resources, Agricultural Products, Land Use and Water Use
Natural resources: quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron
ore
Agriculture - products: pulses, rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, jute, root crops; milk, water buffalo meat
Land use: arable land: 16.07%
Irrigated land: 11,700 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources: 210.2 cu km (1999)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): total: 10.18 cu km/yr (3%/1%/96%) per capita: 375 cu
m/yr (2000)
Nepal Telephone Statistics: Number of Fixed Lines, Mobile Phone Penetration Rate
Telephone system: general assessment: poor telephone and telegraph service; fair radiotelephone communication
service and mobile-cellular telephone network domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone service
subscribership base only about 15 per 100 persons international: country code - 977; radiotelephone
communications; microwave landline to India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2008)
Population : 28,563,377 (July 2009 est.)
Telephones - main lines in use: 805,100 (2008) 766,400 (2007)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 4.2 million (2008) 1.157 million (2006)
Page 18
Nepal Age Structure, Median Age, Gender and Urbanization
Age structure: 0-14 years: 36.6% (male 5,327,484/female 5,127,178)
Median Age: total: 20.8 years
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
Nepal Population Growth Rate, Birth Rate, Death Rate, Net Migration Rate
Population growth rate: 1.281% (2009 est.)
Birth rate: 23.18 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Death rate: 6.97 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.) 8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate: -3.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Nepal Life Expectancy Rate, Infant Mortality Rate and Total Fertility Rate
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 65.46 years
Infant mortality rate: total: 47.46 deaths/1,000 live births
Total fertility rate: 2.64 children born/woman (2009 est.)
Nepal HIV, AIDS and Other Major Infectious Disease Rates
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.5% (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 70,000 (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 5,000 (2007 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and
typhoid fever vectorborne disease: Japanese encephalitis, malaria, and dengue fever (2009)
Nepal Nationality, Ethnic Groups, Languages and Religions
Nationality: noun: Nepalese (singular and plural)
Ethnic groups: Chhettri 15.5%, Brahman-Hill 12.5%, Magar 7%, Tharu 6.6%, Tamang 5.5%, Newar 5.4%, Muslim
4.2%, Kami 3.9%, Yadav 3.9%, other 32.7%, unspecified 2.8% (2001 census)
Religions: Hindu 80.6%, Buddhist 10.7%, Muslim 4.2%, Kirant 3.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census) note: only official
Hindu state in the world
Languages: Nepali 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu (Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%,
Magar 3.3%, Awadhi 2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census) note: many in government and business also
speak English (2001 est.)
* Source: CIA
Nepal Literacy Rate, Educational Expenditure and School Life Expectancy
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 9 years
Education expenditures: 3.4% of GDP (2003)
Nepal Gross Domestic Product (PPP, Official Exchange Rate, Real Growth Rate and Per Capita)
GDP (purchasing power parity): $33.26 billion (2009 est.) $31.09 billion (2008 est.) $29.69 billion (2007) $28.77
billion (2006) note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate): $12.47 billion (2009 est.) $12.64 billion (2008 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 4.7% (2009 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP): $1,200 (2009 est.) $1,100 (2008 est.) $1,100 (2007 est.) $1,000 (2006 est.) note: data are
in 2008 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 35%(2009 est.) agriculture: 32.5% industry: 16.6% services: 50.9%
(FY07 est.)
Page 19
Nepal Labor Force by Occupation
Labor force: 18 million note: severe lack of skilled labor (2008 est.) 14.6 million note: severe lack of skilled labor
(2008 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 76% industry: 6% services: 18% (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate: 46% (2008 est.) 46% (2008 est.)
Nepal Poverty Line, Gini Index, Household Income and Consumption
Population below poverty line: 24.7% (2004)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 47.2 (2008) 36.7 (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 6%
Nepal National Budget and Public Debt
Budget: revenues: $2.3 billion revenues: $1.7 billion expenditures: $2.3 billion (FY08)
Public debt:
Nepal Bank Rates (Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate, Central Bank Discount Rate)
Commercial bank prime lending rate: NA% (31 December 2008)
Central bank discount rate: 6.5% (31 December 2008) 6.25% (31 December 2007)
Nepal Stock of Money, Stock of Quasi Money, Stock of Domestic Credit
Stock of money: $2.106 billion (31 December 2008) $2.184 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money: $6.99 billion (31 December 2008) $4.745 billion (31 December 2007) $877.2 million (31
December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit: $5.556 billion (31 December 2008) $5.636 billion (31 December 2007)
Nepal Stock Market Capitalization: Market Value of Publicly Traded Shares
Market value of publicly traded shares: $5.5 billion (31 December 2008)
Nepal Industries and Industrial Growth Production Rate
Industries: tourism, carpets, textiles; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarettes, cement and brick
production
Industrial production growth rate: 1.8% (FY08) 1.8% (FY08)
Nepal Electricity Production, Electricity Consumption, Electricity Exports and Electricity Imports
Electricity - production: 2.6 billion kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 2.243 billion kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - imports: 213 million kWh (2008 est.)
Nepal Oil Production, Proven Oil Reserves, Oil Consumption, Oil Exports and Oil Imports
Oil - production: 0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - proved reserves: 0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
Oil - consumption: 18,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) 12,500 bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - exports: 0 bbl/day (2007 est.) 0 bbl/day (2008)
Oil - imports: 16,920 bbl/day (2007 est.) 12,500 bbl/day (2008 est.)
Nepal Natural Gas Production, Proven Natural Gas Reserves, Natural Gas Consumption, Natural Gas Exports
and Natural Gas Imports
Natural gas - production: 0 cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves: 0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 0 cu m (2008 est.)
Page 20
Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - imports: 0 cu m (2008 est.)
Nepal Trade Statistics, Export Statistics, Export Partners and Products, Import Statistics, Import Partners
and Products
Exports: $907 million (2008 est.) $868 million f.o.b.; note - does not include unrecorded border trade with India
(2008)
Exports - commodities: clothing, pulses, carpets, textiles, juice, pashima, jute goods
Exports - partners: India 59.2%, US 8.7%, Bangladesh 8.3%, Germany 4.3% (2008)
Imports: $3.626 billion (2009 est.)
Imports - commodities: petroleum products, machinery and equipment, gold, electrical goods, medicine
Imports - partners: India 55.4%, China 13.3%, Singapore 2% (2008) India 58.9%, China 13.6%, Japan 1.6% (2007)
Nepal Foreign Exchange Reserves and Gold Reserves
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Nepal FDI Statistics (Foreign Direct Investment at Home/ Inbound FDI, Foreign Direct Investment Abroad/
Outbound FDI)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $NA
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: $NA
* Source: CIA
Nepal Exchange Rate Statistics
Exchange rates: Nepalese rupees (NPR) per US dollar - 77.44 (2009), 65.21 (2008), 70.35 (2007), 72.446 (2006),
72.16 (2005), 73.674 (2004)
Nepal Internet Statistics (Internet Users, Internet Hosts, Country TLD)
Internet users: 499,000 (2008)
Internet hosts: 43,411 (2009) 42,219 (2008)
Internet country code: .np
* Source: CIA
Nepal Airport Statistics (Paved Runway Airports, Unpaved Runway Airports, Heliports)
Airports: 47 (2009) 47 (2008)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 11 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 1 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 30 (2009)
Heliports:
* Source: CIA
Nepal Transport Statistics (Railways, Roadways, Waterways, Ports and Terminals, Airports, Merchant
Marine)
Railways: total: 59 km narrow gauge: 59 km 0.762-m gauge (2008) total: 59 km narrow gauge: 59 km 0.762-m
gauge (2006)
Roadways: total: 17,282 km paved: 10,142 km unpaved: 7,140 km (2007)
Waterways: -
Ports and terminals: -
Merchant marine:
Nepal Military Statistics (Military Expenditure, Military Branches, Service Age and Obligation, Manpower
Available and Fit for Military Service)
Military expenditures: 1.6% of GDP (2006)
Page 21
Military branches: Nepal Army (2009)
Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service; 15 years of age for military
training; no conscription (2008)
Manpower available for military service: males age 16-49: 7,322,965 females age 16-49: 6,859,064 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service: males age 16-49: 4,886,103 females age 16-49: 5,525,764 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually: male: 365,567 female: 352,643 (2009 est.)
Page 22
PAKISTAN
Population: 174,578,558 (July 2009 est.)
Area: total: 796,095 sq km
Natural Resources: land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt,
limestone
Capital: name: Islamabad
Data Sources: IMF, World Bank, UN, OECD, CIA World Factbook
Pakistan, an impoverished and underdeveloped country, has suffered from ten yearss of internal political conflicts,
depressed levels of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and declining exports of manufactures. Faced with untenable
budgetary deficits, high inflation rates, and hemorrhaging foreign currency exchange national reserves, the state
agreed to an international Monetary Fund Standby Arrangement in November 2008. Between 2004-07, Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) growth in the 6-8 per cent range was spurred by gains in the industrial and service sectors,
despite severe electric power shortfalls. Poverty levels decreased by 10 per cent since 2001, and Islamabad steadily
raised development spending in recent years. In 2008 the financial deficit - a result of chronically depressed taxation
collection and increased spending - exceeded Islamabad's target of 4 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Inflation rates remains the top concern among the public, jumping from 7.7 per cent in 2007 to 24.4 per cent in 2008,
primarily because of rising world fuel and commodity prices or pricing.
Page 23
Economic Indicator Listing
For Pakistan in year 2009 Indicator Value
GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency) 1.966 %
GDP (Current Prices, National Currency) PKR 13,095.04 Billion.
GDP (Current Prices, US Dollars) US$ 166.515 Billion
GDP Deflator 230.185 (Index, Base Year as per
country's accounts = 100)
GDP Per Capita (Constant Prices, National Currency) PKR 34,736.31 .
GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, National Currency) PKR 79,957.82 .
GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, US Dollars) US$ 1,016.73
GDP (PPP), US Dollars US$ 435.807 Billion
GDP Per Capita (PPP), US Dollars US$ 2,661.02
GDP Share of World Total (PPP) 0.627 %
Implied PPP Conversion Rate 30.048
Inflation, Average Consumer Prices (Indexed to Year 2000) 198.366 (Index, Base Year 2000 =
100)
Inflation (Average Consumer Price Change %) 20.775 %
Inflation, End of Year (Indexed to Year 2000) 201.782 (Index, Base Year 2000 =
100)
Inflation (End of Year Change %) 13.139 %
Population 163.774 Million
Current Account Balance (US Dollars) US$ -9.339 Billion
Current Account Balance (% GDP) -5.609 %
Economic Indicators for Pakistan 2009
GDP (Constant Prices, National Currency) for Pakistan in year 2009 is PKR 5,688.92 Billion. Real GDP is
expressed in billions of national currency units; the base year is country-specific.
GDP Growth (Constant Prices, National Currency) for Pakistan in year 2009 is 1.966 %. Annual percentages of
constant price GDP are year-on-year changes; the base year is country-specific.
GDP (Current Prices, National Currency) for Pakistan in year 2009 is PKR 13,095.04 Billion. GDP is expressed in
billions of national currency units.
GDP (Current Prices, US Dollars) for Pakistan in year 2009 is US$ 166.515 Billion. Values are based upon GDP
in national currency and the exchange rate projections provided by country economists for the group of other
emerging market and developing countries. Exchanges rates for advanced economies are established in the WEO
assumptions.
Page 24
GDP Deflator for Pakistan in year 2009 is 230.185 (Index, Base Year as per country's accounts = 100). The GDP
deflator is derived by dividing current price GDP by constant price GDP and is considered to be an alternate measure
of inflation. Please note: Data are expressed in the base year of each country's national accounts.
GDP Per Capita (Constant Prices, National Currency) for Pakistan in year 2009 is PKR 34,736.31 . GDP is
expressed in constant national currency per person. Data are derived by dividing constant price GDP by total
population.
GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, National Currency) for Pakistan in year 2009 is PKR 79,957.82 . GDP is
expressed in current national currency per person. Data are derived by dividing current price GDP by total population.
GDP Per Capita (Current Prices, US Dollars) for Pakistan in year 2009 is US$ 1,016.73 . GDP is expressed in
current U.S. dollars per person. Data are derived by first converting GDP in national currency to U.S. dollars and then
dividing it by total population.
GDP (PPP), US Dollars for Pakistan in year 2009 is US$ 435.807 Billion. These data form the basis for the country
weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic economy. Please
note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO weights have been
GDP Per Capita (PPP), US Dollars for Pakistan in year 2009 is US$ 2,661.02 . These data form the basis for the
country weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic economy.
Please note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO weights have been
GDP Share of World Total (PPP) for Pakistan in year 2009 is 0.627 %. These data form the basis for the country
weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic economy. Please
note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO weights have been
Implied PPP Conversion Rate for Pakistan in year 2009 is 30.048 . These data form the basis for the country
weights used to generate the World Economic Outlook country group composites for the domestic economy. Please
note: The IMF is not a primary source for purchasing power parity (PPP) data. WEO weights have been
Inflation, Average Consumer Prices (Indexed to Year 2000) for Pakistan in year 2009 is 198.366 (Index, Base
Year 2000 = 100). Data for inflation are averages for the year, not end-of-period data. The index is based on
2000=100.
Inflation (Average Consumer Price Change %) for Pakistan in year 2009 is 20.775 %. Data for inflation are
averages for the year, not end-of-period data.
Inflation, End of Year (Indexed to Year 2000) for Pakistan in year 2009 is 201.782 (Index, Base Year 2000 = 100).
Data for inflation are end of the period, not annual average data. The index is based on 2000=100.
Inflation (End of Year Change %) for Pakistan in year 2009 is 13.139 %. Data for inflation are end of the period,
not annual average data.
Population for Pakistan in year 2009 is 163.774 Million .
Current Account Balance (US Dollars) for Pakistan in year 2009 is US$ -9.339 Billion. Current account is all
transactions other than those in financial and capital items. The major classifications are goods and services, income
and current transfers. The focus of the BOP is on transactions (between an economy and the rest of the world) in
Current Account Balance (% GDP) for Pakistan in year 2009 is -5.609 %. Balance of payments data are based
upon the methodology of the 5th edition of the International Monetary Fund's Balance of Payments Manual (1993).
Data for the world total reflects errors, omissions, and asymmetries in balance of payments statistics on cu
Page 25
Pakistan Geography (Location, geographic coordinates, map references, area, terrain,
elevation extremes, borders, coastline and maritime claims)
Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the
west and China in the north
Geographic coordinates: 30 00 N, 70 00 E
Map references: Asia
Area: total: 796,095 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly less than twice the size of California
Terrain: flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
Land boundaries: total: 6,774 km
Coastline: 1,046 km
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm
Geography - note: controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the
Indian Subcontinent
Pakistan Climate and Environment (climate, environmental issues, environmental
agreements, natural hazards)
Climate: mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Natural hazards: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus
after heavy rains (July and August)
Environment - current issues: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited
natural fresh water resources; most of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil
erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
Pakistan Natural Resources, Agricultural Products, Land Use and Water Use
Natural resources: land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt,
limestone
Agriculture - products: cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs
Land use: arable land: 24.44%
Irrigated land: 182,300 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources: 233.8 cu km (2003)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): total: 169.39 cu km/yr (2%/2%/96%) per capita: 1,072
cu m/yr (2000)
Pakistan Telephone Statistics: Number of Fixed Lines, Mobile Phone Penetration Rate
Telephone system: general assessment: the telecommunications infrastructure is improving dramatically with
foreign and domestic investments in fixed-line and mobile networks; mobile-cellular subscribership has skyrocketed,
reaching some 91 million in 2009, up from only about 300,000 in 2000; fiber systems are being constructed
throughout the country to aid in network growth; main line availability has risen only marginally over the same period
and there are still difficulties getting main line service to rural areas domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable,
fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networks international: country code - 92; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3
Page 26
and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth
stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (1 at
Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to neighboring countries (2009)
Population : 174,578,558 (July 2009 est.)
Telephones - main lines in use: 4.546 million (2008) 4.546 million (2008)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 91.44 million (2009) 88.02 million (2008)
Pakistan Age Structure, Median Age, Gender and Urbanization
Age structure: 0-14 years: 37.2% (male 33,739,547/female 31,868,065)
Median Age: total: 20.8 years
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
Pakistan Population Growth Rate, Birth Rate, Death Rate, Net Migration Rate
Population growth rate: 1.555% (2009 est.)
Birth rate: 25.89 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Death rate: 7.21 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.) 7.85 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate: -3.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Pakistan Life Expectancy Rate, Infant Mortality Rate and Total Fertility Rate
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 65.26 years
Infant mortality rate: total: 67.36 deaths/1,000 live births
Total fertility rate: 3.43 children born/woman (2009 est.)
Pakistan HIV, AIDS and Other Major Infectious Disease Rates
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 96,000 (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 5,100 (2007 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: high
Pakistan Nationality, Ethnic Groups, Languages and Religions
Nationality: noun: Pakistani(s)
Ethnic groups: Punjabi 44.68%, Pashtun (Pathan) 15.42%, Sindhi 14.1%, Sariaki 8.38%, Muhagirs 7.57%, Balochi
3.57%, other 6.28%
Religions: Muslim 95% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 5%
Languages: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%,
Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski,
and other 8%
Pakistan Literacy Rate, Educational Expenditure and School Life Expectancy
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 7 years
Education expenditures: 2.6% of GDP (2006)
* Source: CIA
Pakistan Gross Domestic Product (PPP, Official Exchange Rate, Real Growth Rate and Per
Capita)
GDP (purchasing power parity): $448.1 billion (2009 est.) $452.7 billion (2008 est.) $427.9 billion (2007) $404.5
billion (2006) note: data are in 2008 US dollars
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GDP (official exchange rate): $166.5 billion (2009 est.) $160.9 billion (2008 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 2.7% (2009 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP): $2,600 (2009 est.) $2,600 (2008 est.) $2,500 (2007 est.) $2,400 (2006 est.) note: data are
in 2008 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 20.8%(2009 est.) agriculture: 20.4% industry: 26.6% services: 53%
(2008 est.)
Pakistan Labor Force by Occupation
Labor force: 55.88 million note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2009
est.) 50.58 million note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2008 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 43% industry: 20.3% services: 36.6% (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate: 15.2% (2009 est.) 7.4% plus substantial underemployment (2008 est
Pakistan Poverty Line, Gini Index, Household Income and Consumption
Population below poverty line: 24% (FY05/06 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: 30.6 (FY07/08) 41 (FY98/99)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.9%
Pakistan National Budget and Public Debt
Budget: revenues: $23.21 billion revenues: $22.14 billion expenditures: $32.09 billion (2008 est.)
Public debt: 45.3% of GDP (2009 est.) 51.2% of GDP (2008 est.) 49.8% of GDP (2008 est.)
Pakistan Bank Rates (Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate, Central Bank Discount
Rate)
Commercial bank prime lending rate: NA% (31 December 2008)
Central bank discount rate: 15% (31 December 2008) 10% (31 December 2007)
Pakistan Bank Rates (Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate, Central Bank Discount
Rate)
Commercial bank prime lending rate: NA% (31 December 2008)
Central bank discount rate: 15% (31 December 2008) 10% (31 December 2007)
Pakistan Stock Market Capitalization: Market Value of Publicly Traded Shares
Market value of publicly traded shares: $23.49 billion (31 December 2008)
Pakistan Industries and Industrial Growth Production Rate
Industries: textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer,
shrimp
Industrial production growth rate: -3.6% (2009 est.) 4.6% (2008 est.)
Pakistan Electricity Production, Electricity Consumption, Electricity Exports and
Electricity Imports
Electricity - production: 90.8 billion kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - consumption: 72.2 billion kWh (2007 est.)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2008 est.)
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Pakistan Oil Production, Proven Oil Reserves, Oil Consumption, Oil Exports and Oil Imports
Oil - production: 61,870 bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - proved reserves: 339 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
Oil - consumption: 383,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) 345,000 bbl/day (2006 est.)
Oil - exports: 30,090 bbl/day (2007 est.) 28,060 bbl/day (2005)
Oil - imports: 319,500 bbl/day (2007 est.) 290,600 bbl/day (2005)
Pakistan Natural Gas Production, Proven Natural Gas Reserves, Natural Gas Consumption, Natural Gas
Exports and Natural Gas Imports
Natural gas - production: 37.5 billion cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves: 885.3 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: 37.5 billion cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - imports: 0 cu m (2008 est.)
* Source: CIA
Pakistan Trade Statistics, Export Statistics, Export Partners and Products, Import Statistics, Import Partners
and Products
Exports: $17.87 billion (2009 est.) $20.62 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.)
Exports - commodities: textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods,
chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs
Exports - partners: US 16%, UAE 11.7%, Afghanistan 8.6%, UK 4.5%, China 4.2% (2008)
Imports: $28.31 billion (2009 est.)
Imports - commodities: petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils,
paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea
Imports - partners: China 14.1%, Saudi Arabia 12%, UAE 11.2%, Kuwait 5.4%, India 4.8%, US 4.7%, Malaysia
4.1% (2008) China 16.2%, Saudi Arabia 10.9%, UAE 10.1%, US 5.7%, Kuwait 4.9%, Japan 4.4% (2007)
Pakistan Foreign Exchange Reserves and Gold Reserves
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $15.68 billion (31 December 2009 est.) $8.903 billion (31 December 2008
est.) $9.104 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Pakistan FDI Statistics (Foreign Direct Investment at Home/ Inbound FDI, Foreign Direct Investment Abroad/
Outbound FDI)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $27.95 billion (31 December 2009 est.) $25.44 billion (31 December
2008 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: $1.078 billion (31 December 2009 est.) $1.017 billion (31 December
2008 est.)
Pakistan Exchange Rate Statistics
Exchange rates: Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar - 81.41 (2009), 70.64 (2008), 60.6295 (2007), 60.35 (2006),
59.515 (2005), 58.258 (2004)
* Source: CIA
Pakistan Internet Statistics (Internet Users, Internet Hosts, Country TLD)
Internet users: 18.5 million (2008)
Internet hosts: 226,236 (2009) 197,264 (2008)
Internet country code: .pk
Pakistan Airport Statistics (Paved Runway Airports, Unpaved Runway Airports, Heliports)
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Airports: 145 (2009) 143 (2008)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 98 over 3,047 m: 16 2,438 to 3,047 m: 19 1,524 to 2,437 m: 38 914 to 1,523
m: 17 under 914 m: 8 (2009)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 47 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 12 under 914 m: 24 (2009)
Heliports: 19 (2009) 18 (2007)
Pakistan Transport Statistics (Railways, Roadways, Waterways, Ports and Terminals, Airports, Merchant
Marine)
Railways: total: 7,791 km broad gauge: 7,479 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified) narrow gauge: 312 km 1.000-m
gauge (2007) total: 8,163 km broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified) narrow gauge: 445 km
1.000-m gauge (2006)
Roadways: total: 259,197 km paved: 172,827 km (includes 711 km of expressways) unpaved: 86,370 km (2007)
Waterways: -
Ports and terminals: Karachi, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim
Merchant marine: total: 15 by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 10, petroleum tanker 4 registered in other countries: 19
(Comoros 4, Malta 2, Marshall Islands 1, Panama 9, Saint Kitts and Nevis 3) (2008)
Pakistan Military Statistics (Military Expenditure, Military Branches, Service Age and Obligation, Manpower
Available and Fit for Military Service)
Military expenditures: 3% of GDP (2007 est.)
Military branches: Army (includes National Guard), Navy (includes Marines and Maritime Security Agency),
Pakistan Air Force (Pakistan Fiza'ya) (2008)
Military service age and obligation: 17-23 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed
for combat until age 18; the Pakistani Air Force and Pakistani Navy have inducted their first female pilots and sailors
(2009)
Manpower available for military service: males age 16-49: 42,633,765 females age 16-49: 40,114,017 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service: males age 16-49: 33,690,322 females age 16-49: 32,602,910 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually: male: 2,089,936 female: 1,964,090 (2009 est.)
Pakistan Disputes, Refugees, Human Trafficking and Illicit Drug Production
Disputes - international: various talks and confidence-building measures cautiously have begun to defuse tensions
over Kashmir, particularly since the October 2005 earthquake in the region; Kashmir nevertheless remains the site of
the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China
(Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); UN Military Observer
Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not
recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; India and Pakistan have maintained their 2004
cease fire in Kashmir and initiated discussions on defusing the armed stand-off in the Siachen glacier region;
Pakistan protests India's fencing the highly militarized Line of Control and construction of the Baglihar Dam on the
Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its
tributaries; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and Pakistan seek technical
resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea;
Pakistani maps continue to show the Junagadh claim in India's Gujarat State; by 2005, Pakistan, with UN assistance,
repatriated 2.3 million Afghan refugees leaving slightly more than a million, many of whom remain at their own
choosing; Pakistan has proposed and Afghanistan protests construction of a fence and laying of mines along portions
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of their porous border; Pakistan has sent troops into remote tribal areas to monitor and control the border with
Afghanistan and to stem terrorist or other illegal activities
Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 1,043,984 (Afghanistan) IDPs:
undetermined (government strikes on Islamic militants in South Waziristan); 34,000 (October 2005 earthquake; most
of those displaced returned to their home villages in the spring of 2006) (2007)
Trafficking in persons: -
Illicit drugs: significant transit area for Afghan drugs, including heroin, opium, morphine, and hashish, bound for Iran,
Western markets, the Gulf States, Africa, and Asia; financial crimes related to drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption,
and smuggling remain problems; opium poppy cultivation estimated to be 2,300 hectares in 2007 with 600 of those
hectares eradicated; federal and provincial authorities continue to conduct anti-poppy campaigns that utilizes forced
eradication, fines, and arrests
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