Prefrontal M2 M1 Posterior Neocortex Sensory World
(Stimuli)
Voluntary Behavior
Motor
Nuclei
(Hindbrain)
a-Motor
Motor World
Neurons
(Behavior)
Prefrontal M2 M1 Posterior Neocortex Sensory World
(Stimuli)
Motor
Nuclei
(Hindbrain)
a-Motor
Motor World
Neurons
(Behavior)
Prefrontal M2 M1 Posterior Neocortex Sensory World
(Stimuli)
All Senses and Pain
Motor
Nuclei
????????
(Hindbrain)
?
a-Motor
Motor World
Neurons
(Behavior)
Emotional System and
The Amygdala
Prefrontal M2 M1 Posterior Neocortex Sensory World
(Stimuli)
All Senses and Pain
Motor
Nuclei
Amygdala
(Hindbrain)
a-Motor
Motor World
Neurons
(Behavior)
Emotional System and
The Amygdala
Prefrontal M2 M1 Posterior Neocortex Sensory World
(Stimuli)
All Senses and Pain
Somatic Defensive
Behavior PAG
Amygdala (Hindbrain)
a-Motor
Motor World
Neurons
(Behavior)
Emotional System and
The Amygdala
Prefrontal M2 M1 Posterior Neocortex Sensory World
(Stimuli)
All Senses and Pain
Somatic Defensive
Behavior PAG
Amygdala (Hindbrain)
a-Motor
Visceral Defensive Motor World
Neurons
Behavior (Behavior)
Hypothalamus
Lateral Nuc.
PVN
Hypothalamus
Endocrine Autonomic NS
System (e.g. Blood
(stress response) Pressure)
Hypothalamus
PeriVentricular Lateral Nuc. of
Nucleus (PVN) Hypothalamus
Corticotropin Blood Portal
Releasing System
(only for Synapse only
Hormone
pituitary gland)
(CRH)
Pituitary Sympathetic
Gland Nervous System
(spinal cord)
Hypothalamus
PeriVentricular Lateral Nuc. of
Nucleus (PVN) Hypothalamus
Corticotropin Blood Portal
Releasing System
(only for Synapse only
Hormone
pituitary gland)
(CRH)
Pituitary Sympathetic
Gland Nervous System
(spinal cord)
Endorphins
General Blood
Circulation
AdrenoCorticoTropic
Hormone (ACTH)
Synapse only
Blood Pressure changes,
(Etc.)
Hypothalamus
PeriVentricular Lateral Nuc. of
Nucleus (PVN) Hypothalamus
Corticotropin Blood Portal
Releasing System
(only for Synapse only
Hormone
pituitary gland)
(CRH)
Pituitary Sympathetic
Gland Nervous System
(spinal cord)
Endorphins
General Blood
Circulation
Synapse only
AdrenoCorticoTropic
Hormone (ACTH)
Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla
Synapse only
Blood Pressure changes,
(Etc.)
Hypothalamus
PeriVentricular Lateral Nuc. of
Nucleus (PVN) Hypothalamus
Corticotropin Blood Portal
Releasing System
(only for Synapse only
Hormone
pituitary gland)
(CRH)
Pituitary Sympathetic
Gland Nervous System
(spinal cord)
Endorphins
General Blood
Circulation
Synapse only
AdrenoCorticoTropic
Hormone (ACTH)
Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla
General Blood General Blood Synapse only
Circulation Circulation
Gluccocorticoids (cortisol) Epinephrine Norepinephrine Blood Pressure changes,
(Mobilizes Energy) (vasoconstrictor) (attention/arousal) (Etc.)
All Over Body
(Including the Nervous System)
Hypothalamus
Inhibition
PeriVentricular Lateral Nuc. of
Nucleus (PVN) Hypothalamus
Corticotropin Blood Portal
Releasing System
(only for Synapse only
Hormone
pituitary gland)
(CRH)
Inhibition Pituitary Sympathetic
Gland Nervous System
(spinal cord)
Endorphins
General Blood
Circulation
Synapse only
AdrenoCorticoTropic
Hormone (ACTH)
Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla
General Blood General Blood Synapse only
Circulation Circulation
Gluccocorticoids (cortisol) Epinephrine Norepinephrine Blood Pressure changes,
(Mobilizes Energy) (vasoconstrictor) (attention/arousal) (Etc.)
All Over Body
(Including the Nervous System)
Emotional System and
The Amygdala
Prefrontal M2 M1 Posterior Neocortex Sensory World
(Stimuli)
All Senses and Pain
Somatic Defensive
Behavior PAG
Amygdala (Hindbrain)
a-Motor
Visceral Defensive Motor World
Neurons
Behavior (Behavior)
Hypothalamus
Lateral Nuc.
PVN
Hypothalamus
Endocrine Autonomic NS
System (e.g. Blood
(stress response) Pressure)
Emotional System and
The Amygdala
Emotional
Prefrontal M2 M1 Posterior Neocortex Sensory World
Impact on
(Stimuli)
Decisions
All Senses and Pain
Thalamus
MD Somatic Defensive
Behavior PAG
Amygdala (Hindbrain)
a-Motor
Visceral Defensive Motor World
Neurons
Behavior (Behavior)
Hypothalamus
Lateral Nuc.
PVN
Hypothalamus
Endocrine Autonomic NS
System (e.g. Blood
(stress response) Pressure)
Emotional System and
The Amygdala
Emotional
Prefrontal M2 M1 Posterior Neocortex Sensory World
Impact on
(Stimuli)
Decisions
All Senses and Pain
Thalamus
MD Somatic Defensive
Behavior PAG
Amygdala (Hindbrain)
a-Motor
Visceral Defensive Motor World
Neurons
Behavior (Behavior)
Hypothalamus
Lateral Nuc.
PVN
Hypothalamus
Endocrine Autonomic NS
System (e.g. Blood
(stress response) Pressure)
Emotional System and
The Amygdala
???????
Prefrontal M2 M1 Posterior Neocortex Sensory World
Serotonin (Stimuli)
(5HT)
All Senses and Pain
Somatic Defensive
Excites Behavior PAG
Amygdala (Hindbrain)
Serotonin
(5HT) a-Motor
Visceral Defensive Motor World
Neurons
Behavior (Behavior)
Hypothalamus
Excites
Lateral Nuc.
PVN
Serotonin Hypothalamus
(5HT)
Endocrine Autonomic NS
System (e.g. Blood
(stress response) Pressure)
Raphe Nuclei
(in mid-
hindbrain)
Reticulare Activating
System
Ascending Commands to
Forebrain (modulation)
Substantia Nigra VTA
Raphe
Nuclei
Midbrain
Hindbrain