Biogas Upgrading: Technologies and Global Markets (Focus on Europe)
Published: November 2011
No.Of Pages:163
Price:US $ 3900
Report Summary
* An overview – with a focus on North America – of biogas upgrading with discussion of the
advantages of biogas compared to other forms of renewable energy, global greenhouse
emissions, and the barriers to large-scale biogas plant deployment
* Analyses of market trends, with data from 2010, estimates for 2011, and projections of
compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2016
* Coverage of the market by upgrading technology type, including pressure swing
adsorption, water scrubbing, membrane technology, cryogenic upgrading, and in situ
methane enrichment, with a breakdown of market values by technology type
* Evaluations of feed sources, including sewage sludge, biowaste, landfill gas, and energy
crops
* Examination of the industry structure, with comprehensive company profiles.
INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Renewable, sustainable energy generation will be the fastest-growing energy sector over
the next two decades. From 2010 to 2016, the market is projected to rise from $124 billion
in 2010 to $217 billion in 2016. Price volatility, supply concerns, and the environmental
aspects of fossil fuels are expected to accelerate the pace of all non-fossil fuel development.
At this writing, the price of oil has hit highs of more than $100 per barrel on the world
market, while U.S. drivers are paying nearly $4 per gallon of gasoline. Renewable domestic
energy supplies are seen as a means of overcoming these problems. Biogas, a clean fuel
derived primarily from waste materials, is an important alternative to conventional fossil
energy.
This BCC Research report Biogas Upgrading: Technologies and Global Markets (Focus on
Europe) provides an in-depth analysis of the world market for the biogas upgrading
equipment used to transform crude biogas from waste materials and energy crops into
sustainable energy. Six types of upgrading systems are reviewed: water scrubbers,
pressure swing adsorption systems, physical absorption and chemical absorption units,
membrane systems, and units based on cryogenic technology
Four categories of materials are evaluated as feed sources for biomethane production:
municipal wastewater (sewage sludge), agricultural wastes and energy crops (manure,
agricultural residuals, and purpose-grown crops), biowaste (industrial organic wastes and
the organic fraction of municipal solid waste), and landfill gas. Two different end uses for
the gas are also examined, injection to the natural gas grid and transportation fuel.
The biogas production and biogas upgrading markets are far better developed in Europe
than in North America, so it is the main focus of this study. Germany has, by far, the largest
number of upgrading plants, most of which feed into the grid. Sweden ranks second, with
the bulk of its facilities purifying biogas for use as vehicle fuel.
So far, North America’s upgrading capacity is primarily based at landfills; little new capacity
has been built over the past decade. Although Asia has the largest number of biogas
generating systems, the vast majority of these are small-scale plants that serve single
dwellings or small communities. In the rest of the world, biogas production is at different
stages of development; however, gas upgrading is only just emerging.
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
The need to responsibly dispose of mounting volumes of waste and the requirement to
procure sustainable, secure energy supplies are two of the most important issues facing
governments and industries around the globe. The production of energy from a number of
waste streams (i.e., municipal and domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, landfills,
livestock manure, and agricultural residues) is a process that addresses both of these
challenges.
In the current waste-to-energy market, anaerobic digestion offers a sustainable conversion
process. With the addition of a biogas refining step, the waste-derived gas can be used in all
applications where conventional natural gas is used. In this context, it is important to have
an overview of the market and the drivers that support adoption of the best strategies by
governments responsible for sustainable waste handling and energy supply solutions. It is
also important for industry players and technology developers to understand current as well
as future trends in order to strategize their investments.
INTENDED AUDIENCE
This study intended to be useful to a broad audience. Because they stand to see the
greatest profit from expansion of the biogas industry, manufacturers and suppliers of biogas
upgrading equipment and providers of upgrading technology would likely benefit the most
from the data contained in this study. Companies with plant components, ancillary
equipment, and related products also might profit from the information collected here.
These include manufacturers and suppliers of anaerobic digesters and digester technology,
biogas distributors, water and power engineering firms, suppliers of power plants and
electricity generating equipment, environmental management firms, companies specializing
in anaerobic digestion equipment and other water and wastewater treatment equipment,
companies developing additives (chemicals, enzymes, etc.) to enhance gas production
yields and process efficiencies.
Other beneficiaries of biogas upgrading that might find this study of value are farmers,
participants in the food industry, waste processors, transportation sector players, and
project developers and investors.
Browse All Energy and Power Market Research Reports
SCOPE OF REPORT
The scope of this report is the global biogas upgrading equipment market . Market value
and growth is evaluated for six different types of upgrading systems: water scrubbing,
pressure swing adsorption, physical absorption, chemical absorption, membrane separation,
and cryogenic technology.
The market is broken down by four different feed sources: municipal and domestic sewage,
industrial wastewater, landfill gas, and agricultural wastes, a category that includes animal
manures and crop residues. Additionally, the market is examined according to end use,
injection into the gas grid and transportation fuel.
A discussion of the market by world region includes overviews of North America, Europe,
Asia, and the rest of the world, with individual profiles for countries most active in each
region. Present market status, biogas upgrading plant installations, and policies and
incentives that support the industry are given for each country. All market valuations and
projections cover the years from 2000 to 2016.
Market figures are based on the revenues derived from equipment sales and are projected
in 2011 constant dollars (i.e., inflation is not computed into the projection figures). The
revenue figures are derived from estimated revenues of the key players in a particular year.
A technology overview, a discussion on the structure of the industry, and brief profiles for
major participating companies are included. The machinery used to transform the gas to
electricity: reciprocating and other types of gas engines, turbine and microturbines, and fuel
cells, is not included in the analysis.
METHODOLOGY
Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing this study. A
comprehensive literature, patent, and Internet search was undertaken and key industry
players were queried. Research methodology was both quantitative and qualitative. Growth
rates were calculated based on existing and proposed equipment sales during the forecast
period. Key data in the report present an overview of average capital costs for upgrading
equipment according to technology and application. These figures then were multiplied by
anticipated biogas recovery capacity additions during the survey period to calculate market
size.
Because the actual number of plants varies widely from year to year, the average number of
plants per year over each 5-year span (2000 to 2005, 2005 to 2010, and 2011 to 2016)
was used to calculate market values.
INFORMATION SOURCES
Information in this report was gleaned from many different sources. Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, annual reports, patent literature, business, scientific,
and industry journals, government reports, census information, conference literature,
patent documents, online resources, and industry participants have all been researched.
ANALYST CREDENTIALS
During the past 15 years, Susan Hanft has authored more than 30 market research reports
for BCC Research in the fields of alternative energy, membrane technology, water and
wastewater treatment, and separations used in food and beverage manufacture, medicine,
and biotechnology.
Table Of Contents
Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION - Complimentary 4
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
INTENDED AUDIENCE
SCOPE OF REPORT
METHODOLOGY
INFORMATION SOURCES
ANALYST CREDENTIALS
RELATED REPORTS
BCC ONLINE SERVICES
DISCLAIMER
Chapter- 2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2
Table : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT BY WORLD
REGION, THROUGH 2016
Figure : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT BY WORLD
REGION, 2000–2016
Chapter- 3: TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 39
BENEFITS OF BIOGAS ENERGY
ADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS COMPARED TO OTHER FORMS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
BARRIERS TO LARGE-SCALE BIOGAS PLANT DEPLOYMENT
BENEFITS OF SMALL-SCALE BIOGAS INSTALLATIONS
BARRIERS TO SMALL-SCALE BIOGAS INSTALLATIONS
GLOBAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE BIOGAS INDUSTRY
A HISTORY OF BIOGAS
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
UPGRADING
FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS AND COST
Table 7 : COMPARISON OF COST, YIELD, AND PURITY FOR DIFFERENT UPGRADING
TECHNOLOGIES
Chapter- 4: UPGRADING TECHNOLOGIES 26
BIOGAS CONTAMINANTS
BIOGAS UPGRADING
EMERGING UPGRADING TECHNOLOGIES
MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE
Table 33 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED ANNUALLY BY
TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1981–JUNE 2011
Figure 19 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED ANNUALLY BY
TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1981–JUNE 2011
Table 34 : CAPACITY OF GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED ANNUALLY
BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1981–JUNE 2011
Figure 20 : CAPACITY OF GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED ANNUALLY
BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1981–JUNE 2011
Chapter- 5: BIOGAS FEED SOURCES 11
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
BIOWASTE
AGRICULTURAL WASTES AND ENERGY CROPS
LANDFILL GAS
MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT BY FEED SOURCE
Table 36 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED ANNUALLY BY FEED
SOURCE, 1981–JUNE 2011
Figure 22 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS BY FEED SOURCE AND YEAR, 1981–JUNE
2011
Chapter- 6: END USES FOR BIOMETHANE 15
GRID INJECTION
TRANSPORTATION FUEL
STANDARDS FOR GRID INJECTION AND VEHICLE FUEL
MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT BY END USE
Table 41 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED ANNUALLY BY END USE,
1981–JUNE 2011
Figure 26 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED BY END USE, 1981–JUNE
2011
Chapter- 7: GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING DEVELOPMENT 4
MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT BY WORLD REGION
Table 43 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS BY REGION, AUGUST 2011
Figure 28 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS BY REGION, AUGUST 2011
Table 44 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY BY REGION, AUGUST 2011
Figure 29 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY BY REGION, AUGUST 2011
Table 45 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH OF BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT BY WORLD
REGION, THROUGH 2016
Figure 30 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH OF BIOGAS UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY BY WORLD
REGION, 2000–2016
Chapter- 8: NORTH AMERICAN MARKET 36
NORTH AMERICAN MARKET
Table 46 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT IN NORTH
AMERICA BY UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2016
Figure 31 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT IN NORTH
AMERICA BY UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY, 2000–2016
Table 47 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT IN NORTH
AMERICA BY END USE, THROUGH 2016
Figure 32 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT IN NORTH
AMERICA BY END USE, 2000–2016
Table 48 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT IN NORTH
AMERICA BY FEED SOURCE, THROUGH 2016
Figure 33 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT IN NORTH
AMERICA BY FEED SOURCE, 2000–2016
Chapter- 9: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 26
MARKET SHARE
COMPANY PROFILES
List of Tables
Summary Table : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT BY
WORLD REGION, THROUGH 2016
Table 1 : GLOBAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION BY SOURCE, 2010
Table 2 : USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES BY WORLD REGION
Table 3 : GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY EMISSION TYPE
Table 4 : GLOBAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL BY FEED SOURCE
Table 5 : SUITABLE FEEDSTOCKS FOR ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
Table 6 : TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS
Table 7 : COMPARISON OF COST, YIELD, AND PURITY FOR DIFFERENT UPGRADING
TECHNOLOGIES
Table 8 : CAPITAL EQUIPMENT COSTS FOR CHEMICAL ABSORPTION BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 9 : OPERATING COSTS FOR CHEMICAL ABSORPTION BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 10 : CAPITAL EQUIPMENT COSTS FOR CHEMICAL ABSORPTION BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 11 : OPERATING COSTS FOR CHEMICAL ABSORPTION BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 12 : CAPITAL EQUIPMENT COSTS FOR WATER SCRUBBING BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 13 : OPERATING COSTS FOR WATER SCRUBBING BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 14 : CAPITAL EQUIPMENT COSTS FOR PSA BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 15 : OPERATING COSTS FOR PSA BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 16 : CAPITAL EQUIPMENT COSTS FOR CRYOGENIC BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 17 : OPERATING COSTS FOR CRYOGENIC BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 18 : CAPITAL EQUIPMENT COSTS FOR MEMBRANE-BASED BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 19 : OPERATING COSTS FOR MEMBRANE-BASED BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 20 : MAXIMUM H2S CONCENTRATION IN BIOGAS FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS
Table 21 : MAXIMUM SULFUR CONCENTRATION IN BIOMETHANE FOR GRID INJECTION
Table 22 : A COMPARISON OF H2S REMOVAL TECHNOLOGIES
Table 23 : MAXIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT IN BIOMETHANE FOR GRID INJECTION
Table 24 : MAXIMUM OXYGEN CONCENTRATION IN BIOMETHANE FOR GRID INJECTION
Table 25 : MAXIMUM CO2 CONCENTRATION IN BIOMETHANE FOR GRID INJECTION
Table 26 : MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF PSA TECHNOLOGY FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 27 : MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF WATER SCRUBBING TECHNOLOGY FOR BIOGAS
UPGRADING
Table 28 : MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF PHYSICAL ABSORPTION TECHNOLOGY FOR BIOGAS
UPGRADING
Table 29 : MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF CHEMICAL ABSORPTION TECHNOLOGY FOR
BIOGAS UPGRADING
Table 30 : MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR BIOGAS
UPGRADING
Table 31 : MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGY FOR BIOGAS
UPGRADING
Table 32 : A COMPARISON OF MAJOR BIOGAS UPGRADING TECHNOLOGIES
Table 33 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED ANNUALLY BY
TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1981–JUNE 2011
Table 34 : CAPACITY OF GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED ANNUALLY
BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1981–JUNE 2011
Table 35 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT BY
TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2016
Table 36 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED ANNUALLY BY FEED
SOURCE, 1981–JUNE 2011
Table 37 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH OF BIOGAS UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY BY FEED
SOURCE, THROUGH 2016
Table 38 : GLOBAL GROWTH OF NGVS, 2000–2010
Table 39 : MARKET PENETRATION OF TOTAL VEHICLE FLEET IN COUNTRIES WITH A 1% OR
GREATER NGV MARKET SHARE, 2010
Table 40 : SELECTED STANDARD REQUIREMENTS FOR GRID INJECTION OR FOR
UTILIZATION AS VEHICLE FUEL
Table 41 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED ANNUALLY BY END USE,
1981–JUNE 2011
Table 42 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY BY END
USE, THROUGH 2016
Table 43 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS BY REGION, AUGUST 2011
Table 44 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY BY REGION, AUGUST 2011
Table 45 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH OF BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT BY WORLD
REGION, THROUGH 2016
Table 46 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT IN NORTH
AMERICA BY UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2016
Table 47 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT IN NORTH
AMERICA BY END USE, THROUGH 2016
Table 48 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT IN NORTH
AMERICA BY FEED SOURCE, THROUGH 2016
Table 49 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN NORTH AMERICA BY FEED SOURCE, AUGUST
2011
Table 50 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN NORTH AMERICA BY FEED SOURCE,
AUGUST 2011
Table 51 : UPGRADING CAPACITY GROWTH IN NORTH AMERICA BY FEED SOURCE, 2000–
2011
Table 52 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN NORTH AMERICA BY END USE, AUGUST 2011
Table 53 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN NORTH AMERICA BY END USE,
AUGUST 2011
Table 54 : UPGRADING CAPACITY GROWTH IN NORTH AMERICA BY END USE, 2000–2011
Table 55 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN NORTH AMERICA BY UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY,
AUGUST 2011
Table 56 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN NORTH AMERICA BY UPGRADING
TECHNOLOGY, AUGUST 2011
Table 57 : UPGRADING CAPACITY GROWTH IN NORTH AMERICA BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE,
2000–2011
Table 58 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN NORTH AMERICA BY FACILITY SIZE,
AUGUST 2011
Table 59 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN NORTH AMERICA BY COUNTRY, AUGUST 2011
Table 60 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN NORTH AMERICA BY COUNTRY,
AUGUST 2011
Table 61 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN THE U.S., AUGUST 2011
Table 62 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN THE U.S. BY FEED SOURCE, AUGUST 2011
Table 63 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN THE U.S. BY FEED SOURCE, AUGUST
2011
Table 64 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN THE U.S. BY END USE, AUGUST 2011
Table 65 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN THE U.S. BY END USE, AUGUST 2011
Table 66 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN THE U.S. BY UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY,
AUGUST 2011
Table 67 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN THE U.S. BY UPGRADING
TECHNOLOGY, AUGUST 2011
Table 68 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN CANADA, AUGUST 2011
Table 69 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN CANADA BY FEED SOURCE, AUGUST 2011
Table 70 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN CANADA BY FEED SOURCE, AUGUST
2011
Table 71 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN CANADA BY END USE, AUGUST 2011
Table 72 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN CANADA BY END USE, AUGUST 2011
Table 73 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN CANADA BY UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY,
AUGUST 2011
Table 74 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN CANADA BY UPGRADING
TECHNOLOGY, AUGUST 2011
Table 75 : FEED-IN TARIFFS FOR BIOGAS IN ONTARIO
Table 76 : ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS,
AUGUST 2011
Table 77 : ACRONA UPGRADING PLANTS
Table 78 : CARBOTECH UPGRADING PLANTS
Table 79 : CIRMAC BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS
Table 80 : GREENLANE UPGRADING PLANTS
Table 81 : GUILD ASSOCIATES BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS
Table 82 : HAASE BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS
Table 83 : MALMBERG UPGRADING PLANTS
Table 84 : MT-ENERGIE UPGRADING PLANTS
Table 85 : PURAC PUREGAS UPGRADING PLANTS
Table 86 : ROS ROCA BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS
Table 87 : XEBEC REFERENCE PLANTS
List of Figures
Summary Figure : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT BY
WORLD REGION, 2000–2016
Figure 1 : GLOBAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION BY SOURCE, 2010
Figure 2 : GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY EMISSION TYPE
Figure 3 : GLOBAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL BY FEED SOURCE
Figure 4 : TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS
Figure 5 : THE BIOGAS VALUE CHAIN
Figure 6 : CAPITAL EQUIPMENT COSTS FOR CHEMICAL ABSORPTION BIOGAS UPGRADING
Figure 7 : OPERATING COSTS FOR CHEMICAL ABSORPTION BIOGAS UPGRADING
Figure 8 : CAPITAL EQUIPMENT COSTS FOR CHEMICAL ABSORPTION BIOGAS UPGRADING
Figure 9 : OPERATING COSTS FOR CHEMICAL ABSORPTION BIOGAS UPGRADING
Figure 10 : CAPITAL EQUIPMENT COSTS FOR WATER SCRUBBING BIOGAS UPGRADING
Figure 11 : OPERATING COSTS FOR WATER SCRUBBING BIOGAS UPGRADING
Figure 12 : CAPITAL EQUIPMENT COSTS FOR PSA BIOGAS UPGRADING
Figure 13 : OPERATING COSTS FOR PSA BIOGAS UPGRADING
Figure 14 : CAPITAL EQUIPMENT COSTS FOR CRYOGENIC BIOGAS UPGRADING
Figure 15 : OPERATING COSTS CRYOGENIC FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING
Figure 16 : CAPITAL EQUIPMENT COSTS FOR MEMBRANE-BASED BIOGAS UPGRADING
Figure 17 : OPERATING COSTS FOR MEMBRANE-BASED BIOGAS UPGRADING
Figure 18 : BIOGAS UPGRADING TECHNOLOGIES
Figure 19 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED ANNUALLY BY
TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1981–JUNE 2011
Figure 20 : CAPACITY OF GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED ANNUALLY
BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 1981–JUNE 2011
Figure 21 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT BY
TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2000–2016
Figure 22 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS BY FEED SOURCE AND YEAR, 1981–JUNE
2011
Figure 23 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH OF BIOGAS UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY BY FEED
SOURCE, 2000–2016
Figure 24 : GLOBAL GROWTH OF NGVS, 2000–2010
Figure 25 : MARKET PENETRATION OF TOTAL VEHICLE FLEET IN COUNTRIES WITH A 1%
OR GREATER NGV MARKET SHARE, 2010
Figure 26 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS CONSTRUCTED BY END USE, 1981–JUNE
2011
Figure 27 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY BY END
USE, 2000–2016
Figure 28 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS BY REGION, AUGUST 2011
Figure 29 : GLOBAL BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY BY REGION, AUGUST 2011
Figure 30 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH OF BIOGAS UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY BY WORLD
REGION, 2000–2016
Figure 31 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT IN NORTH
AMERICA BY UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY, 2000–2016
Figure 32 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT IN NORTH
AMERICA BY END USE, 2000–2016
Figure 33 : MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT IN NORTH
AMERICA BY FEED SOURCE, 2000–2016
Figure 34 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN NORTH AMERICA BY FEED SOURCE, AUGUST
2011
Figure 35 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN NORTH AMERICA BY FEED SOURCE,
AUGUST 2011
Figure 36 : UPGRADING CAPACITY GROWTH IN NORTH AMERICA BY FEED SOURCE, 2000–
2011
Figure 37 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN NORTH AMERICA BY END USE, AUGUST 2011
Figure 38 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN NORTH AMERICA BY END USE,
AUGUST 2011
Figure 39 : UPGRADING CAPACITY GROWTH IN NORTH AMERICA BY END USE, 2000–2011
Figure 40 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN NORTH AMERICA BY UPGRADING
TECHNOLOGY, AUGUST 2011
Figure 41 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN NORTH AMERICA BY UPGRADING
TECHNOLOGY, AUGUST 2011
Figure 42 : UPGRADING CAPACITY GROWTH IN NORTH AMERICA BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE,
2000–2011
Figure 43 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN NORTH AMERICA BY FACILITY SIZE
(Nm3/H), AUGUST 2011
Figure 44 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN NORTH AMERICA BY COUNTRY, AUGUST 2011
Figure 45 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN NORTH AMERICA BY COUNTRY,
AUGUST 2011
Figure 46 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN THE U.S. BY FEED SOURCE, AUGUST 2011
Figure 47 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN THE U.S. BY FEED SOURCE, AUGUST
2011
Figure 48 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN THE U.S. BY END USE, AUGUST 2011
Figure 49 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN THE U.S. BY END USE, AUGUST 2011
Figure 50 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN THE U.S. BY UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY,
AUGUST 2011
Figure 51 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN THE U.S. BY UPGRADING
TECHNOLOGY, AUGUST 2011
Figure 52 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN CANADA BY FEED SOURCE, AUGUST 2011
Figure 53 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN CANADA BY FEED SOURCE, AUGUST
2011
Figure 54 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN CANADA BY END USE, AUGUST 2011
Figure 55 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN CANADA BY END USE, AUGUST 2011
Figure 56 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANTS IN CANADA BY UPGRADING TECHNOLOGY,
AUGUST 2011
Figure 57 : BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT CAPACITY IN CANADA BY UPGRADING
TECHNOLOGY, AUGUST 2011
Figure 58 : ESTIMATED MARKET SHARE FOR BIOGAS UPGRADING EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS,
AUGUST 2011
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