Chapter-21-note-sheet

							Chapter 21 - Birds: Feathers, Flight and Endothermy                      Name ____________________________

1. Birds belong to the _______________Kingdom, the _________________Phylum, the ________________Subphylum
and the ________________________Class. The earliest bird ___________________________show reptilian features.
2. Feathers are modified reptilian _______________ and develop from tiny pits called __________________________.

3. Match the feather to its description.
____ down feathers          a. covers the body and gives the bird shape
____ flight feathers        b. provides insulation
____ countour feathers      c. specialized countour feathers found on the wings and tail

4. Why does a bird put oil on its feathers?________________________________________________________

5. What is preening and why is it done?__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Name two structures on the bird skeleton that no other living vertebrate has.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7. What purpose does the large keeled breastbone serve? (fig 21.5)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
8. What is an endotherm?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
9. In the avian heart, the __________________ and_______________________ are completely separated. This
prevents mixing of ___________ ________________ blood with ___________ ________________ blood.
10. Why do birds have a much higher demand for energy than other animals?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
11. How far can migrating birds fly? _______________________________________________________

12. Use the picture of the Avian Lung Structure (page 335) to answer true or false to the following statements.
______ During inhalation (inspiration), fresh air is pulled into the thorasic air sacs.
______ The abdominal air sacs are located posterior to the thorasic air sacs.
______ During exhalation (expiration), fresh air from the abdominal air sacs enters the lungs.
______ During exhalation (expiration), fresh air from the thorasic air sacs enters the lungs.

"Up Close: Bald Eagle" (scientific name: _____________________ _____________________)
13. What is the most important sense in the bald eagle? ____________________________________________________
14. What do bald eagles eat? _________________________________________________________________________
15. What does the eagle use its curved beak for? __________________________________________________________
16. What is the function of the cerebrum? _______________________________________________________________
17. What substances exit the cloaca? ____________________________________________________________________
18. What is the function of the crop? ____________________________________________________________________
19. What is the function of the gizzard? __________________________________________________________________

20. Describe the monogamous relationship of birds. _______________________________________________.
21. Describe the Order Passeriformes.___________________________________________________________.
22. Describe the beak of a cardinal. (scientific name: _____________________ _____________________)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
23. Describe the feet of Order Galliformes. What are they adapted for?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
24. What are long legs, like those on a heron, adapted for?___________________________________________
25. The American robin has __________________ chicks and the Killdeer have ___________________chicks.