5/12/04 Anti-Hypertensive Drugs 1
Diuretic Anti-Hypertensives Prox tubule Henle’s loop Dist. tubule Collecting duct
Acetazolamide Furosemide Thiazides Spironolactone
Used for treating …
aldosterone secondary to CHF or nephrotic dz X
Altitude sickness X
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) X X
Edema, cerebral (CNS) X
Edema, pulmonary X
Glaucoma X
Hypertension X X X
Potassium depletion prevention from thiazide & X
loop diuretics use
Renal failure, acute X
Renal failure, chronic X
Side Effects
Arrhythmia X X X
Breast tenderness X
Calcium reabsorption (may aggravate X
osteoporosis)
Calcium reabsorption X
Fatigue X X
Hypokalemia -digitalis contraindicated X X
Hyperkalemia X
Impotence X
LDL X
Metabolic acidosis X X X
Ototoxicity X
Uric acid excretion (may aggravate gout) X
Weakness X X
Zinc deficiency X X
Miscellaneous Characteristics
Filtered load (measure of potency) 25% 10-15% 5%
PGE2 renal vasodilation X
(aspirin contraindicated)
Potassium sparing (aldosterone antag) X
Potassium supplementation needed X X
5/12/04 Anti-Hypertensive Drugs 2
Sympatholytics Direct Vasodilators
Non-Diuretic (Sympathetic Blockers) Cal Chann Blockers I.V. Admin
Anti-Hypertensives b a1 a2 Reserpine Minoxidil Hydra- Verapamil Nifedi- ACE Sodium
blocker blocker agonist lizine class pine class Inhib Nitroprusside
Used for treating …
Angina X X
Arrhythmias X Slow AV
Node
Congestive Heart Failure X
Hair loss (alopecia) – topical use X
Hypertension (non-emergency) X X X X X X X X X
Hypertensive emergency X
M.I., treatment after survival X
Tachycardia, reflexive X
Side Effects
Abrupt discontinuation dangerous X X
Angina, exacerbates X X
Arrhythmia X
AV Block (esp. if used w/ b-blockers) High dose
Bradycardia esp w/ b-blkr
Cardiac arrest X
Congestive Heart Failure X (rare)
Cough, chronic X
Cyanide toxicity (Thiocyanate) X
Depression X X High dose
Diarrhea, mild High dose
Edema X
Extra-pyramidal movements High dose
Flushing (peripheral vasodilation) X
GI cramps High dose
Hirsutism (hypertrichosis) X
Hypotension, postural (severe) X
LDL (some b-blockers); LDL (some) X
Long term ineffective M.I. risk M.I.risk
M.I. risk by 60% - older drugs X X
Mouth, dry X
Peptic ulcer, exacerbates High dose
Protease inhibitor X
Rash X
Sedation X X High dose
Sexual function X
Tachycardia, reflexive – can avoid by using X X X X
this drug together w/ a b-blocker
Taste disturbances X
5/12/04 Anti-Hypertensive Drugs 3
Sympatholytics Direct Vasodilators
Non-Diuretic (Sympathetic Blockers) Cal Chann Blockers I.V. Admin
Anti-Hypertensives b a1 a2 Reserpine Minoxidil Hydra- Verapamil Nifedi- ACE Sodium
blocker blocker agonist lizine class pine class Inhib Nitroprusside
Contraindications
Adrenergic blockers, concurrent use X
Asthma b1 or b2 X
Congestive heart failure CO X CO
Depression, clinical X
Diuretics, concurrent use X
L-Dopa, concurrent use X
MAO inhibitor, concurrent use X
NSAIDS use X
Disclaimer
This document is intended to be used as supplemental information in a supervised academic environment by naturopathic medical students at Bastyr University.
The information presented here has not been verified for accuracy or completeness by a qualified healthcare professional. This information is not a substitute
for licensed professional medical care, and thus must not be used to provide any treatment by unqualified individuals. The author assumes no responsibility for
any use of the information provided here.
Jeffrey Sepulveda