auto-id center
Beyond ebXML
Real-time logistics and telemetry
David Brock, Co-Founder and Director Auto-ID Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology
past
NETWORK OF ATOMS - global supply chain RAW MATERIALS
atoms
NETWORK OF BITS - Internet COMPUTE
bits
MANUFACTURING
atoms
COMPUTE
DISTRIBUTION
atoms
RETAIL
atoms
CONSUMER
atoms
WASTE
present
NETWORKS LINKED - e-commerce RAW MATERIALS
atoms
MANUFACTURING
atoms
DISTRIBUTION
atoms
RETAIL
atoms
COMPUTE
bits
CONSUMER
atoms
COMPUTE
WASTE
future
NETWORKS MERGE “Smart world” RAW MATERIALS
bits atoms
MANUFACTURING
bits atoms
DISTRIBUTION
bits atoms
RETAIL
bits atoms
CONSUMER
bits atoms
WASTE
standards
need for ubiquitous standard
network complexity
The more complex the network, the more you need standards
auto-id center
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Mission Merge bits and atoms
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Task Create the standards and systems to enable the Internet of Things
background
AUTO-ID CENTER - Founded October 1, 1999
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US Center Headquarters at MIT, USA
European Centers Cambridge University, ENGLAND University of St. Galan,
SWITZERLAND
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Pacific Center University of Adelaide, AUSTRAILIA China Center Fudan University, Shanghai, CHINA Japan Center Keio University, Tokyo, JAPAN
South American Center University of San Paulo, BRAZIL
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African Center University of Cape Town, SOUTH
about the center
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End User Sponsors
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Abbott Laboratories, Ahold, Best Buy Corporation, Canon Inc., Carrerfour, Chep International, Coca-Cola, CVS, Dai Nippon Printing, Department of Defense, Ean International, Eastman Kodak, Home Depot, International Paper, Johnson & Johnson, Kellogg’s, Kimberly-Clark, Kraft, Lowes Companies, Inc., Mead Westvaco, Metro, Mitsui & Co, Ltd., Nestle Purina, Pepsi Bottling Group, PepsiCo, Pfizer, Philip Morris US, Procter and Gamble Company, Sara Lee, Smurfit Stone, Target Corp., Tesco Stores Ltd., The Gillette Company, Toppan Printing, Uniform Code Council, Unilever, United States Postal Service, UPS, Visy Industries, Wal-Mart Stores Inc., Wegmans Food Markets, Inc., Yuen Foong Yu Paper Mfg. Co. LTD.
about the center
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Vendor Sponsors
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Accenture, ACNielsen, ADT/Sensormatic, Alien Technology, Avery Dennison, Applied Wireless ID, Arbitron, Avery Dennison, AWID, British Telecom, Cap Gemini Ernst & Young, Cash's, Catalina Marketing Corp, Checkpoint Systems, Inc., Composite Materials PLC, ConnecTerra, Inc., Display Edge, Ember Corporation, Embrace Networks, Flexchip AG, Flint Ink, GEA Consulting, GlobeRanger, IBM. IDTechEx, Imping Inc., Information Resources, Inc., Intel, Intermec, Invensys PLC, Ishida, KSW Manhattan Associates, Markem Corp., Matrics, Microtec AG, Morningside Technologies, NCR Corporation, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, NTT Comware, OATSystems, Omron, Philips Semiconductors, Provia Software, PSC, Rafsec, RF Saw Components, SAMSYS, SAP, Savi Technology, Sensitech, Sensormatic Electronics Corp, Siemens Dematic Corp., STMicroelectronics, Sun Microsystems, Symbol Technologies, TAGSYS, ThingMagic, Toppan Forms, Toray International, Inc., UNISYS, Vizional Technologies, Vizional, Zebra Technologies Corporation
about the center
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Trade Bodies
American Trucking Association (ATA), Association for Retail Technology Standards (ARTS) also NRF, Auto-ID Manufacturers (AIM), Canadian Council of Grocery Distributors, Consumer Electronics Association (CEA), Efficient Consumer Response Europe (ECR Europe), Electronic Commerce Council of Canada, Food Marketing Institute (FMI), Global Commerce Initiative (GCI), Grocery Manufacturers of America (GMA), Healthcare Distribution Management Association (HDMA), International Federation of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers (IFPW), International Hologram Manufactures Association (IHMA) (Reconnaissance Intl), International Mass Retail Association (IMRA), Material Handling Industry of America (MHIA), National Association of Chain Drug Stores (NACDS), National Association of Convenience Stores (NACS), National Retail Federation (NRF) also ARTS, Point of Purchasing Advertising International (POPAI), Produce Marketing Association (PMA), Uniform and Textile Services Association (UTSA)
intelligent infrastructure
• TAGS RFID • EPC Electronic Product Code • ONS Object Name Service • PML Physical Markup Language • SavantTM Distributed Operating Local Host System
Reader
Remote Host
Product
Network PML
Savant
Tag
ONS
EPC Interface Application
tag
low cost rfid
Silicon: 4cents/mm2
20
handling cost
15
10
5
time
why is rfid expensive today?
reduce functionality (Networking & software)
greater functionality
increased chip size
reduce chip size (handle small chips)
tag: cheap chip
100mm
tag: cheap manufacturing
tag: cheap protocol
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 905
Noise
Gaussian Fit 0.8 912 100 2 Meters, 4 KHz, SQW, 1 dBm
910
915
920
Frequency (MHz)
electronic product code (epc)
Naming scheme for physical objects
epc - electronic product code
01.0203D2A.916E8B.0719BAE03C
Header 8 bits 256
EPC Manager 28 bits 268,435,456
Serial Number 36 bits 68,719,476,736 Object Class 24 bits 16,777,216 Items 1,152,921,504,606,846,976
ons – object naming service
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Redirection Service
acts as telephone book in reverse based upon Domain Name Service (DNS)
pml – physical markup language
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Language for describing physical objects classification and categorization
savanttm – operating system for epc
“National”
Savant “Regional”
Savant
“Store” Savant
Savant
Savant
data readers
sensors machines
savanttm – operating system for epc
Savant
tm
Soap Query Soap Response
Soap Interface Query Processor 1
Class ID
Query Processor 2 Task Manager
Class Server
Class
Update Schedules
Retrieve Schedules
Query Processor n
Data Storage
making it real
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One dozen EPC pilot trials
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Gillette purchases 500 million EPC tags
Wal*Mart requires top 150 suppliers to put RFID tags on shipping creates and pallets by January 2005 and all 25,000 suppliers by January 2006 – Computer World June 16, 2003. 1 Billion RFID tags with embedded Electronic Product Code (EPC) for tracking and identification of items at the individual create and pallet level – Pam Kohn V.P. Global Supply Chain Operations Wal*Mart. United States Department of Defense (DoD) mandate RFID and EPC for higher value items. United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mandates RFID for pharmaceutical supply chain.
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what can you use it for?
real-time supply chain managmenet…
Real-time logistics data
…in the warehouse…
…and on the shelf
prevents theft…
… and counterfeit products
from product creation …
…to disposal
a revolution in the supply chain…
Reducing the “Bullwhip” Effect
demand
demand
time
time
continuing the revolution…
special interest group (SIG)
web services
Network
web services standards
LEVEL 4: EPC Business Processes LEVEL 3: EPC Aggregation LEVEL 2: EPC Filtered Events LEVEL 1: EPC Events: RearID + EPC + Time LEVEL 0: EPC Events: RearID + EPC + Time (compressed)
web services
Mfg Retailer Shipper WAN Service Provider
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Scenario 1: Tracking
Service Registration - Service names
- Address - Data format
Service Lookup
Service = “Shipment notification” Retailer = WMF Shipper = UPS
Data points, formats, etc.
Format Auto-ID XML message Package Shipped
Package X Shipped Package X Shipped Package X Shipped
Package Update Package Tracking
automatic track and trace
ASN
Warehouse
Retailer
Stop & Shop PO PO# 0010 Item List 1,500 Cheddar Cheese 2,000 Phil Cream Cheese
Supplier
Kraft ASN PO PO# 0010 Item List 1,500 Cheddar Cheese 2,000 Phil Cream Cheese
Warehouse
PO# 0010 EPC List Pick List # 00101
10.03.0.09088.08BF6.0000000A 10.03.0.09088.08BF6.0000000B … 10.03.0.09088.08BF6.0000015C
Receiving Dock
special interest group (SIG)
advanced packaging
healthcare research initiative
FutureStore
initiative
automatic inventory
special interest group (SIG)
point of sale
“1 second” checkout
sensor data…
example: fresh food
example: fresh food
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76 Million cases of foodborne disease 325,000 hospitalizations 5000 deaths*
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91 Million tons of food disposed Transported to landfills 26% of food supply*
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1.8 Million deaths from foodborne illness worldwide
* United States figures
example: fresh food
Current Type 3 Tag w/Temp Sensor
Next Generation Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)
350 Micron NanoBlock™ chips
example: fresh food
example: fresh food
example: fresh food
Ea Rg T ( t )
Q k1e t
Variables
• • • • •
Q
n
Ea Activation energy k1 Arrhenius constant n T Q Order of the reaction Temperature Quality
•
t
Time
example: fresh food
Q(t ) Qoe
E a RgT t k1e
example: fresh food
example: fresh food
Shelf Life Weather (NWS) Location Tracking Replenishment PUSH Pathogen Detection VOC Chemical Agent Detection Transportation (DOT/GTN)
ISSUE
INSPECT
DISPOSE