[Last Updated: 11/2/05]
{Source: Federal Register dated 10/7/97}
Subpart LL--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Primary Aluminum
Reduction Plants
GENERAL
63.840 Applicability.
63.841 Incorporation by reference.
63.842 Definitions.
EMISSION STANDARDS AND OPERATING LIMITS
63.843 Emission limits for existing sources.
63.844 Emission limits for new or reconstructed sources.
63.845 Incorporation of new source performance standards for potroom groups.
63.846 Emission averaging.
MONITORING AND COMPLIANCE PROVISIONS
63.847 Compliance provisions.
63.848 Emission monitoring requirements.
63.849 Test methods and procedures.
NOTIFICATION, REPORTING AND RECORDKEEPING
63.850 Notification, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements.
OTHER
63.851 Regulatory authority review procedures.
63.852 Applicability of general provisions.
63.853 Implementation and Enforcement.
63.854-63.859 [Reserved]
Table 1 to Subpart LL--Potline TF Limits for Emission Averaging
Table 2 to Subpart LL--Potline POM Limits for Emission Averaging
Table 3 to Subpart LL--Anode Bake Furnace Limits for Emission Averaging
Appendix A to Subpart LL- Applicability to General Provisions
Subpart LL--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Primary Aluminum
Reduction Plants
§ 63.840 Applicability.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the requirements of this subpart apply to the owner or
operator of each new pitch storage tank and new or existing potline, paste production plant,
or anode bake furnace associated with primary aluminum production and located at a major source as defined
in § 63.2.
(b) The requirements of this subpart do not apply to any existing anode bake furnace that is not located on the
same site as a primary aluminum reduction plant. The owner or operator shall comply with the State MACT
determination established by the applicable regulatory authority.
(c) An owner or operator of an affected facility (potroom group or anode bake furnace) under § 60.190 of this
chapter may elect to comply with either the requirements of § 63.845 of this subpart or the requirements of
subpart S of part 60 of this chapter.
§ 63.841 Incorporation by reference.
(a) The following material is incorporated by reference in the corresponding sections noted. This
incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register on October 7, 1997, in
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. These materials are incorporated as they exist on the date
of approval, and notice of any change in the materials will be published in the Federal Register. Revisions to
``Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice'' (22nd ed.) are applicable only after publication
of a document in the Federal Register to amend subpart LL to require use of the new information.
(1) Chapter 3, ``Local Exhaust Hoods'' and Chapter 5, ``Exhaust System Design Procedure'' of
``Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice,'' American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists, 22nd edition, 1995, IBR approved for §§ 63.843(b) and 63.844(b); and
(2) ASTM D 2986-95A, Standard Practice for Evaluation of Air Assay
Media by the Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test, IBR approved for section 7.1.1 of Method
315 in appendix A to this part.
(b) The materials incorporated by reference are available for inspection at the Office of the Federal Register,
800 North Capitol Street NW., Suite 700, 7th Floor, Washington, DC, and at the Air and Radiation Docket
Center, U.S. EPA, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC. The materials also are available for purchase from
one of the following addresses:
(1) Customer Service Department, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
(ACGIH), 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45240, telephone number (513) 742-2020; or
(2) American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Bar Harbour Drive, West Conshohocken,
Pennsylvania 19428, telephone number (610) 832-9500.
§ 63.842 Definitions.
Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act as amended (the Act), in § 63.2, or in this
section as follows:
Anode bake cycle means the period during which the regularly repeated sequence of loading,
preheating, firing, cooling, and removing anodes from all sections within an anode bake furnace occurs one
time.
Anode bake furnace means an oven in which the formed green anodes are baked for use in a prebake
process. This definition includes multiple anode bake furnaces controlled by a common control device (bake
furnaces controlled by a common control device are considered to be one source).
Center-worked prebake (CWPB) process means a method of primary aluminum reduction using the
prebake process in which the alumina feed is added down the center of the reduction cell.
Center-worked prebake one (CWPB1) means all existing center-worked prebake potlines not defined
as center-worked prebake two (CWPB2) or center-worked prebake three (CWPB3) potlines.
Center-worked prebake two (CWPB2) means all existing center-worked prebake potlines located at
Alcoa in Rockdale, Texas; Kaiser Aluminum in Mead, Washington; Ormet Corporation in Hannibal, Ohio;
Ravenswood Aluminum in Ravenswood, West Virginia; Reynolds Metals in Troutdale, Oregon; and Vanalco
Aluminum in Vancouver, Washington.
Center-worked prebake three (CWPB3) means all existing center-worked prebake potlines that
produce very high purity aluminum, have a wet scrubber for the primary control system, and are located at the
NSA primary aluminum plant in Hawesville, Kentucky.
Continuous parameter monitoring system means the total equipment that may be required to meet the
data acquisition and availability requirements of this subpart, used to sample, condition (if applicable),
analyze, and provide a record of process or control system parameters.
Horizontal stud Soderberg (HSS) process means a method of primary aluminum reduction using the
Soderberg process in which the electrical current is introduced to the anode by steel rods (studs) inserted into
the side of a monolithic anode.
Modified potroom group means an existing potroom group to which any physical change in, or change
in the method of operation of, results in an increase in the amount of total fluoride emitted into the
atmosphere by that potroom group.
Paste production plant means the processes whereby calcined petroleum coke, coal tar pitch (hard or
liquid), and/or other materials are mixed, transferred, and formed into briquettes or paste for vertical stud
Soderberg (VSS) and HSS processes or into green anodes for a prebake process. This definition includes all
operations from initial mixing to final forming (i.e., briquettes, paste, green anodes) within the paste plant,
including conveyors and units managing heated liquid pitch.
Pitch storage tank means any fixed roof tank that is used to store liquid pitch that is not part of the
paste production plant.
Polycyclic organic matter (POM) means organic matter extractable by methylene chloride as
determined by Method 315 in appendix A to this part or by an approved alternative method.
Potline means a single, discrete group of electrolytic reduction cells electrically connected in series,
in which alumina is reduced to form aluminum.
Potroom means a building unit that houses a group of electrolytic cells in which aluminum is
produced.
Potroom group means an uncontrolled potroom, a potroom that is controlled individually, or a group
of potrooms or potroom segments ducted to a common control system.
Prebake process means a method of primary aluminum reduction that uses an anode that was baked
in an anode bake furnace, which is introduced into the top of the reduction cell and consumed as part of the
reduction process.
Primary aluminum reduction plant means any facility manufacturing aluminum by electrolytic
reduction.
Primary control system means the equipment used to capture the gases and particulate matter
evacuated directly from the reduction cell and the emission control device(s) used to remove pollutants prior
to discharge of the cleaned gas to the atmosphere. A roof scrubber is not part of the primary control system.
Primary emissions means the emissions discharged from the primary control system.
Reconstructed potroom group means an existing potroom group for which the components are
replaced to such an extent that the fixed capital cost of the new components exceeds 50 percent of the fixed
capital cost that would be required to construct a comparable entirely new potroom group, and for which it is
technologically and economically feasible to meet the applicable emission limits for total fluoride set forth in
this subpart.
Reconstruction means the replacement of components of a source to such an extent that:
(1) All of the major components of the source are replaced (for example, the major
components of a potline include the raw material handling system, reduction cells, superstructure, hooding,
ductwork, etc.); and
(2) It is technologically and economically feasible for the reconstructed source to meet the
standards for new sources established in this subpart.
Roof monitor means that portion of the roof of a potroom building where gases not captured at the cell
exit from the potroom.
Secondary emissions means the fugitive emissions that are not captured and controlled by the primary
control system and that escape through the roof monitor or through roof scrubbers.
Side-worked prebake (SWPB) process means a method of primary aluminum reduction using the
prebake process, in which the alumina is added along the sides of the reduction cell.
Soderberg process means a method of primary aluminum reduction in which the anode paste mixture
is baked in the reduction pot by the heat resulting from the electrolytic process.
Total fluorides (TF) means elemental fluorine and all fluoride compounds as measured by Methods
13A or 13B in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter or by an approved alternative method.
Vertical stud Soderberg (VSS) process means a method of primary aluminum reduction using the
Soderberg process, in which the electrical current is introduced to the anode by steel rods (studs) inserted into
the top of a monolithic anode.
Vertical stud Soderberg one (VSS1) means all existing vertical stud Soderberg potlines located either
at Northwest Aluminum in The Dalles, Oregon, or at Goldendale Aluminum in Goldendale, Washington.
Vertical stud Soderberg two (VSS2) means all existing vertical stud Soderberg potlines located at
Columbia Falls Aluminum in Columbia Falls, Montana.
EMISSION STANDARDS AND OPERATING LIMITS
§ 63.843 Emission limits for existing sources.
(a) Potlines. The owner or operator shall not discharge or cause to be discharged into the atmosphere any
emissions of TF or POM in excess of the applicable limits in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section.
(1) TF limits. Emissions of TF shall not exceed:
(i) 0.95 kg/Mg (1.9 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each CWPB1 potline;
(ii) 1.5 kg/Mg (3.0 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each CWPB2 potline;
(iii) 1.25 kg/Mg (2.5 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each CWPB3 potline;
(iv) 0.8 kg/Mg (1.6 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each SWPB potline;
(v) 1.1 kg/Mg (2.2 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each VSS1 potline;
(vi) 1.35 kg/Mg (2.7 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each VSS2 potline; and
(vii) 1.35 kg/Mg (2.7 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each HSS potline.
(2) POM limits. Emissions of POM shall not exceed:
(i) 2.35 kg/Mg (4.7 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each HSS potline;
(ii) 1.2 kg/Mg (2.4 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each VSS1 potline; and
(iii) 2.85 kg/Mg (5.7 lb/ton) of aluminum produced for each VSS2 potline.
(3) Change in subcategory. Any potline, other than a reconstructed potline, that is changed such that
its applicable subcategory also changes shall meet the applicable emission limit in this subpart for the original
subcategory or the new subcategory, whichever is more stringent.
(b) Paste production plants. The owner or operator shall install, operate, and maintain equipment to capture
and control POM emissions from each paste production plant.
(1) The emission capture system shall be installed and operated to meet the generally accepted
engineering standards for minimum exhaust rates as published by the American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists in Chapters 3 and 5 of ``Industrial Ventilation: A Handbook of Recommended Practice''
(incorporated by reference in § 63.841 of this part); and
(2) Captured emissions shall be routed through a closed system to a dry coke scrubber; or
(3) The owner or operator may submit a written request for use of an alternative control device to the
applicable regulatory authority for review and approval. The request shall contain information and data
demonstrating that the alternative control device achieves POM emissions less than 0.011 lb/ton of paste for
plants with continuous mixers or POM emissions less than 0.024 lb/ton of paste for plants with batch mixers.
The POM emission rate shall be determined by sampling using Method 315 in appendix A to this part.
(c) Anode bake furnaces. The owner or operator shall not discharge or cause to be discharged into the
atmosphere any emissions of TF or POM in excess of the limits in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section.
(1) TF limit. Emissions of TF shall not exceed 0.10 kg/Mg (0.20 lb/ ton) of green anode; and
(2) POM limit. Emissions of POM shall not exceed 0.09 kg/Mg (0.18 lb/ton) of green anode.
§ 63.844 Emission limits for new or reconstructed sources.
(a) Potlines. The owner or operator shall not discharge or cause to be discharged into the atmosphere any
emissions of TF or POM in excess of the limits in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section.
(1) TF limit. Emissions of TF shall not exceed 0.6 kg/Mg (1.2 lb/ ton) of aluminum produced; and
(2) POM limit. Emissions of POM from Soderberg potlines shall not exceed 0.32 kg/Mg (0.63 lb/ton)
of aluminum produced.
(b) Paste production plants. The owner or operator shall meet the requirements in § 63.843(b) for existing
paste production plants.
(c) Anode bake furnaces. The owner or operator shall not discharge or cause to be discharged into the
atmosphere any emissions of TF or POM in excess of the limits in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section.
(1) TF limit. Emissions of TF shall not exceed 0.01 kg/Mg (0.02 lb/ ton) of green anode; and
(2) POM limit. Emissions of POM shall not exceed 0.025 kg/Mg (0.05 lb/ton) of green anode.
(d) Pitch storage tanks. Each pitch storage tank shall be equipped with an emission control system designed
and operated to reduce inlet emissions of POM by 95 percent or greater.
§ 63.845 Incorporation of new source performance standards for potroom groups.
(a) Applicability. The provisions in paragraphs (a) through (i) of this section shall apply to any Soderberg,
CWPB2, and CWPB3 potline that adds a new potroom group to an existing potline or that is associated with a
potroom group that meets the definition of ``modified potroom group'' or ``reconstructed potroom group.''
(1) The following shall not, by themselves, be considered to result in a potroom group modification:
(i) Maintenance, repair, and replacement that the applicable regulatory authority determines
to be routine for the potroom group;
(ii) An increase in production rate of an existing potroom group, if that increase can be
accomplished without a capital expenditure on that potroom group;
(iii) An increase in the hours of operation;
(iv) Use of an alternative fuel or raw material if, prior to the effective date of this subpart, the
existing potroom group was designed to accommodate that alternative use;
(v) The addition or use of any system or device whose primary function is the reduction of air
pollutants, except when an emission control system is removed or is replaced by a system that the applicable
regulatory authority determines to be less environmentally beneficial; and
(vi) The relocation or change in ownership of an existing potroom group.
(2) The provisions in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (a)(2)(iv) of this section apply when the applicable
regulatory authority must determine if a potroom group meets the definition of reconstructed potroom group.
(i) ``Fixed capital cost'' means the capital needed to provide all the depreciable components.
(ii) If an owner or operator of an existing potroom group proposes to replace components,
and the fixed capital cost of the new components exceeds 50 percent of the fixed capital cost that would be
required to construct a comparable entirely new potroom group, he/she shall notify the applicable regulatory
authority of the proposed replacements. The notice must be postmarked 60 days (or as soon as practicable)
before construction of the replacements is commenced and must include the following information:
(A) Name and address of the owner or operator;
(B) The location of the existing potroom group;
(C) A brief description of the existing potroom group and the components that are to
be replaced;
(D) A description of the existing air pollution control equipment and the proposed air
pollution control equipment;
(E) An estimate of the fixed capital cost of the replacements and of constructing a
comparable entirely new potroom group;
(F) The estimated life of the existing potroom group after the replacements; and
(G) A discussion of any economic or technical limitations the
potroom group may have in complying with the applicable standards of performance after the proposed
replacements.
(iii) The applicable regulatory authority will determine, within 30 days of the receipt of the
notice required by paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section and any additional information he/she may reasonably
require, whether the proposed replacement constitutes a reconstructed potroom group.
(iv) The applicable regulatory authority's determination under paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this
section shall be based on:
(A) The fixed capital cost of the replacements in comparison to the fixed capital cost
that would be required to construct a comparable entirely new potroom group;
(B) The estimated life of the potroom group after the replacements compared to the
life of a comparable entirely new potroom group;
(C) The extent to which the components being replaced cause or contribute to the
emissions from the potroom group; and
(D) Any economic or technical limitations on compliance with applicable standards
of performance that are inherent in the proposed replacements.
(b) Lower TF emission limit. The owner or operator shall calculate a lower TF emission limit for any potline
associated with the modified potroom group, reconstructed potroom group, or new potroom group using the
following equation:
L1 f 1 LPG1 1 f 1 LPL
Where
L1=the lower TF emission limit in kg/Mg (lb/ton);
f1=the fraction of the potline's total aluminum production capacity that is contained within all modified
potroom groups, reconstructed potroom groups, and new potroom groups;
LPG1=0.95 kg/Mg (1.9 lb/ton) for prebake potlines and 1.0 kg/Mg (2.0 lb/ton) for Soderberg potlines; and
LPL=the TF emission limit from § 63.843(a)(1) for the appropriate potline subcategory that would have
otherwise applied to the potline.
(c) Upper TF emission limit. The owner or operator shall calculate an upper TF emission limit for any potline
associated with the modified potroom group, reconstructed potroom group, or new potroom group using the
following equation:
L2 f 1 LPG2 1 f 1 LPL
Where
L2=the upper TF emission limit in kg/Mg (lb/ton);
LPG2=1.25 kg/Mg (2.5 lb/ton) for prebake potlines and 1.3 kg/Mg (2.6 lb/ton) for Soderberg potlines.
(d) Recalculation. The TF emission limits in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section shall be recalculated each
time a new potroom group is added to the potline and each time an additional potroom group meets the
definition of ``modified potroom group'' or ``reconstructed potroom group.''
(e) Emission limitation. The owner or operator shall not discharge or cause to be discharged into the
atmosphere emissions of TF from any potline associated with the modified potroom group, reconstructed
potroom group, or new potroom group that exceed the lower emission limit calculated in paragraph (b) of this
section, except that emissions less than the upper limit calculated in paragraph (c) of this section will be
considered in compliance if the owner or operator demonstrates that exemplary operation and maintenance
procedures were used with respect to the emission control system and that proper control equipment was
operating at the potline during the performance test.
(f) Report. Within 30 days of any performance test that reveals emissions that fall between the lower limit
calculated in paragraph (b) of this section and the upper limit calculated in paragraph (c) of this section, the
owner or operator shall submit to the applicable regulatory authority a report indicating whether all necessary
control devices were online and operating properly during the performance test, describing the operating and
maintenance procedures followed, and setting forth any explanation for the excess emissions.
(g) Procedures to determine TF emissions. The owner or operator shall determine TF emissions for the potline
using the following procedures:
(1) Determine the emission rate of TF in kg/Mg (lb/ton) from sampling secondary emissions and the
primary control system for all new potroom groups, modified potroom groups, and reconstructed potroom
groups using the procedures, equations, and test methods in §§§ 63.847, 63.848, and 63.849.
(2) Determine the emission rate of TF in kg/Mg (lb/ton) from
sampling secondary emissions and the primary control system for potroom groups or sections of potroom
groups within the potline that are not new potroom groups, modified potroom groups, or reconstructed
potroom groups according to paragraphs (g)(2)(i) or (g)(2)(ii) of this section.
(i) Determine the mass emission rate of TF in kg/Mg (lb/ton) from at least one potroom group
within the potline that is not a new potroom group, modified potroom group, or reconstructed potroom group
using the procedures, equations, and test methods in §§§ 63.847, 63.848, and 63.849, or
(ii) Use the results of the testing required by paragraph (g)(1) of this section to represent the
entire potline based on a demonstration that the results are representative of the entire potline.
Representativeness shall be based on showing that all of the potroom groups associated with the potline are
substantially equivalent in terms of their structure, operability, type of emissions, volume of emissions, and
concentration of emissions.
(3) Calculate the TF emissions for the potline in kg/Mg (lb/ton) based on the production-weighted
average of the TF emission rates from paragraphs (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this section using the following
equation:
E f 1 EPG1 1 f 1 EPL
where
E=the TF emission rate for the entire potline, kg/Mg (lb/ton);
f1=the fraction of the potline's total aluminum production rate that is contained within all modified potroom
groups, reconstructed potroom groups, and new potroom groups;
EPG1=the TF emission rate from paragraph (g)(1) of this section for all modified potroom groups,
reconstructed potroom groups, and new potroom groups, kg/Mg (lb/ton); and
EPL=the TF emission rate for the balance of the potline from paragraph (g)(2) of this section, kg/Mg (lb/ton).
Compliance is demonstrated when TF emissions for the potline meet the requirements in paragraph (e) of this
section.
(4) As an alternative to sampling as required in paragraphs (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this section, the owner
or operator may perform representative sampling of the entire potline subject to the approval of the applicable
regulatory authority. Such sampling shall provide coverage by the sampling equipment of both the new,
modified, or reconstructed potroom group and the balance of the potline. The coverage for the new, modified,
or reconstructed potroom group must meet the criteria specified in the reference methods in § 63.849. TF
emissions shall be determined for the potline using the procedures, equations, and test methods in §§§ 63.847,
63.848, and 63.849. Compliance is demonstrated when TF emissions for the potline meet the requirements in
paragraph (e) of this section.
(h) Opacity. Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, the owner or operator shall not discharge or
cause to be discharged into the atmosphere from the modified potroom group, reconstructed potroom group,
or new potroom group any emissions of gases that exhibit 10 percent opacity or greater.
(i) Alternative opacity limit. An alternative opacity limit may be established in place of the opacity limit in
paragraph (h) of this section using the following procedures:
(1) If the regulatory authority finds that a potline is in
compliance with the applicable TF standard for which performance tests are conducted in accordance with the
methods and procedures in § 63.849 but during the time such performance tests are being conducted fails to
meet any applicable opacity standard, the regulatory authority shall notify and advise the owner or operator
that he/she may petition the regulatory authority within 10 days of receipt of notification to make appropriate
adjustment to the opacity standard.
(2) The regulatory authority will grant such a petition upon a
demonstration by the owner or operator that the potroom group and associated air pollution control equipment
were operated and maintained in a manner to minimize the opacity of emissions during the performance tests;
that the performance tests were performed under the conditions established by the regulatory authority; and
that the potroom group and associated air pollution control equipment were incapable of being adjusted or
operated to meet the applicable opacity standard.
(3) As indicated by the performance and opacity tests, the
regulatory authority will establish an opacity standard for any potroom group meeting the requirements in
paragraphs (i)(1) and (i)(2) of this section such that the opacity standard could be met by the potroom group at
all times during which the potline is meeting the TF emission limit.
(4) The alternative opacity limit established in paragraph (i)(3) of this section shall not be greater than
20 percent opacity.
§ 63.846 Emission averaging.
(a) General. The owner or operator of an existing potline or anode bake furnace in a State that does not choose
to exclude emission averaging in the approved operating permit program may demonstrate compliance by
emission averaging according to the procedures in this section.
(b) Potlines. The owner or operator may average TF emissions from potlines and demonstrate compliance
with the limits in Table 1 of this subpart using the procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section.
The owner or operator also may average POM emissions from potlines and demonstrate compliance with the
limits in Table 2 of this subpart using the procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(3) of this section.
(1) Monthly average emissions of TF and/or quarterly average emissions of POM shall not exceed the
applicable emission limit in Table 1 of this subpart (for TF emissions) and/or Table 2 of this subpart (for
POM emissions). The emission rate shall be calculated based on the total emissions from all potlines over the
period divided by the quantity of aluminum produced during the period, from all potlines comprising the
averaging group.
(2) To determine compliance with the applicable emission limit in Table 1 of this subpart for TF
emissions, the owner or operator shall determine the monthly average emissions (in lb/ton) from each potline
from at least three runs per potline each month for TF secondary emissions using the procedures and methods
in §§ 63.847 and 63.849. The owner or operator shall combine the results of secondary TF monthly average
emissions with the TF results for the primary control system and divide total emissions by total aluminum
production.
(3) To determine compliance with the applicable emission limit in Table 2 of this subpart for POM
emissions, the owner or operator shall determine the quarterly average emissions (in lb/ton) from each potline
from at least one run each month for POM emissions using the procedures and methods in §§ 63.847 and
63.849. The owner or operator shall combine the results of secondary POM quarterly average emissions with
the POM results for the primary control system and divide total emissions by total aluminum production.
(c) Anode bake furnaces. The owner or operator may average TF emissions from anode bake furnaces and
demonstrate compliance with the limits in Table 3 of this subpart using the procedures in paragraphs
(c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section. The owner or operator also may average POM emissions from anode bake
furnaces and demonstrate compliance with the limits in Table 3 of this subpart using the procedures in
paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section.
(1) Annual emissions of TF and/or POM from a given number of anode bake furnaces making up
each averaging group shall not exceed the applicable emission limit in Table 3 of this subpart in any one year;
and
(2) To determine compliance with the applicable emission limit in Table 3 of this subpart for anode
bake furnaces, the owner or operator shall determine TF and/or POM emissions from the control device for
each furnace at least once a year using the procedures and methods in §§ 63.847 and 63.849.
(d) Implementation plan. The owner or operator shall develop and submit an implementation plan for
emission averaging to the applicable regulatory authority for review and approval according to the following
procedures and requirements:
(1) Deadlines. The owner or operator must submit the implementation plan no later than 6 months
before the date that the facility intends to comply with the emission averaging limits.
(2) Contents. The owner or operator shall include the following information in the implementation
plan or in the application for an operating permit for all emission sources to be included in an emissions
average:
(i) The identification of all emission sources (potlines or anode bake furnaces) in the average;
(ii) The assigned TF or POM emission limit for each averaging group of potlines or anode
bake furnaces;
(iii) The specific control technology or pollution prevention measure to be used for each
emission source in the averaging group and the date of its installation or application. If the pollution
prevention measure reduces or eliminates emissions from multiple sources, the owner or operator must
identify each source;
(iv) The test plan for the measurement of TF or POM emissions in accordance with the
requirements in § 63.847(b);
(v) The operating parameters to be monitored for each control system or device and a
description of how the operating limits will be determined;
(vi) If the owner or operator requests to monitor an alternative operating parameter pursuant
to § 63.848(l):
(A) A description of the parameter(s) to be monitored and an explanation of the
criteria used to select the parameter(s); and
(B) A description of the methods and procedures that will be used to demonstrate that
the parameter indicates proper operation of the control device; the frequency and content of monitoring,
reporting, and recordkeeping requirements; and a demonstration, to the satisfaction of the applicable
regulatory authority, that the proposed monitoring frequency is sufficient to represent control device operating
conditions; and
(vii) A demonstration that compliance with each of the applicable emission limit(s) will be
achieved under representative operating conditions.
(3) Approval criteria. Upon receipt, the regulatory authority shall review and approve or disapprove
the plan or permit application according to the following criteria:
(i) Whether the content of the plan includes all of the information specified in paragraph
(d)(2) of this section; and
(ii) Whether the plan or permit application presents sufficient information to determine that
compliance will be achieved and maintained.
(4) Prohibitions. The applicable regulatory authority shall not approve an implementation plan or
permit application containing any of the following provisions:
(i) Any averaging between emissions of differing pollutants or between differing sources.
Emission averaging shall not be allowed between TF and POM, and emission averaging shall not be allowed
between potlines and bake furnaces;
(ii) The inclusion of any emission source other than an existing potline or existing anode bake
furnace or the inclusion of any potline or anode bake plant not subject to the same operating permit;
(iii) The inclusion of any potline or anode bake furnace while it is shut down; or
(iv) The inclusion of any periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, as described in the
startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan required by § 63.850(c), in the emission calculations.
(5) Term. Following review, the applicable regulatory authority shall approve the plan or permit
application, request changes, or request additional information. Once the applicable regulatory authority
receives any additional information requested, the applicable regulatory authority shall approve or disapprove
the plan or permit application within 120 days.
(i) The applicable regulatory authority shall approve the plan for the term of the operating
permit;
(ii) To revise the plan prior to the end of the permit term, the owner or operator shall submit a
request to the applicable regulatory authority; and
(iii) The owner or operator may submit a request to the applicable regulatory authority to
implement emission averaging after the applicable compliance date.
(6) Operation. While operating under an approved implementation plan, the owner or operator shall
monitor the operating parameters of each control system, keep records, and submit periodic reports as
required for each source subject to this subpart.
§ 63.847 Compliance provisions.
(a) Compliance dates. The owner or operator of a primary aluminum plant must comply with the requirements
of this subpart by:
(1) October 7, 1999, for an owner or operator of an existing plant or source;
(2) October 9, 2000, for an existing source, provided the owner or operator demonstrates to the
satisfaction of the applicable regulatory authority that additional time is needed to install or modify the
emission control equipment;
(3) October 8, 2001, for an existing source that is granted an extension by the regulatory authority
under section 112(i)(3)(B) of the Act; or
(4) Upon startup, for an owner or operator of a new or reconstructed source.
(b) Test plan. The owner or operator shall prepare a site-specific test plan prior to the initial performance test
according to the requirements of § 63.7(c) of this part. The test plan must include procedures for conducting
the initial performance test and for subsequent performance tests required in § 63.848 for emission
monitoring. In addition to the information required by § 63.7, the test plan shall include:
(1) Procedures to ensure a minimum of three runs are performed annually for the primary control
system for each source;
(2) For a source with a single control device exhausted through multiple stacks, procedures to ensure
that at least three runs are performed annually by a representative sample of the stacks satisfactory to the
applicable regulatory authority;
(3) For multiple control devices on a single source, procedures to ensure that at least one run is
performed annually for each control device by a representative sample of the stacks satisfactory to the
applicable regulatory authority;
(4) Procedures for sampling single stacks associated with multiple anode bake furnaces;
(5) For plants with roof scrubbers, procedures for rotating sampling among the scrubbers or other
procedures to obtain representative samples as approved by the applicable regulatory authority;
(6) For a VSS1 potline, procedures to ensure that one fan (or one scrubber) per potline is sampled for
each run;
(7) For a SWPB potline, procedures to ensure that the average of the sampling results for two fans (or
two scrubbers) per potline is used for each run; and
(8) Procedures for establishing the frequency of testing to ensure that at least one run is performed
before the 15th of the month, at least one run is performed after the 15th of the month, and that there are at
least 6 days between two of the runs during the month, or that secondary emissions are measured according to
an alternate schedule satisfactory to the applicable regulatory authority.
(c) Performance test dates. Following approval of the site-specific test plan, the owner or operator must
conduct a performance test to demonstrate initial compliance according to the procedures in paragraph (d) of
this section. If a performance test has been conducted on the primary control system for potlines or for the
anode bake furnace within the 12 months prior to the compliance date, the results of that performance test
may be used to demonstrate initial compliance. The owner or operator must conduct the performance test:
(1) During the first month following the compliance date for an existing potline (or potroom group) or
anode bake furnace;
(2) By the date determined according to the requirements in paragraph (c)(2)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this
section for a new or reconstructed potline, anode bake furnace, or pitch storage tank (for which the owner or
operator elects to conduct an initial performance test):
(i) By the 180th day following startup for a potline or potroom group. The 180-day
period starts when the first pot in a potline or potroom group is energized.
(ii) By the 45th day from the start of the second anode bake cycle (but no later than the
180th day from the startup of the anode bake furnace).
(iii) By the 30th day following startup for a pitch storage tank. The 30-day period starts
when the tank is first used to store pitch.
(3) By the date determined according to the requirements in paragraph (c)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section
for an existing potline or anode bake furnace that was shut down at the time compliance would have
otherwise been required and is subsequently restarted:
(i) By the 180th day following startup for a potline or potroom group. The 180-day
period starts when the first pot in a potline or potroom group is energized.
(ii) By the 45th day from the start of the second anode bake cycle (but no later than the
180th day from the startup of the anode bake furnace).
(d) Performance test requirements. The initial performance test and all subsequent performance tests shall be
conducted in accordance with the requirements of the general provisions in subpart A of this part, the
approved test plan, and the procedures in this section.
(1) TF emissions from potlines. For each potline, the owner or operator shall measure and record the
emission rate of TF exiting the outlet of the primary control system for each potline and the rate of secondary
emissions exiting through each roof monitor, or for a plant with roof scrubbers, exiting through the scrubbers.
Using the equation in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the owner or operator shall compute and record the
average of at least three runs each month for secondary emissions and at least three runs each year for the
primary control system to determine compliance with the applicable emission limit. Compliance is
demonstrated when the emission rate of TF is equal to or less than the applicable emission limit in §§ 63.843,
63.844, or 63.846.
(2) POM emissions from Soderberg potlines. For each Soderberg (HSS, VSS1, and VSS2) potline,
the owner or operator shall measure and record the emission rate of POM exiting the primary emission
control system and the rate of secondary emissions exiting through each roof monitor, or for a plant with roof
scrubbers, exiting through the scrubbers. Using the equation in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, the owner or
operator shall compute and record the average of at least three runs each quarter (one run per month) for
secondary emissions and at least three runs each year for the primary control system to determine compliance
with the applicable emission limit. Compliance is demonstrated when the emission rate of POM is equal to or
less than the applicable emission limit in §§§ 63.843, 63.844, or 63.846.
(3) Previous control device tests. If the owner or operator has performed more than one test of
primary emission control device(s) for a potline or for a bake furnace during the previous consecutive 12
months, the average of all runs performed in the previous 12-month period shall be used to determine the
contribution from the primary emission control system.
(4) TF and POM emissions from anode bake furnaces. For each anode bake furnace, the owner or
operator shall measure and record the emission rate of TF and POM exiting the exhaust stacks(s) of the
primary emission control system for each anode bake furnace. Using the equations in paragraphs (e)(3) and
(e)(4) of this section, the owner or operator shall compute and record the average of at least three runs each
year to determine compliance with the applicable emission limits for TF and POM. Compliance is
demonstrated when the emission rates of TF and POM are equal to or less than the applicable TF and POM
emission limits in §§§ 63.843, 63.844, or 63.846.
(e) Equations. The owner or operator shall determine compliance with the applicable TF and POM emission
limits using the following equations and procedures:
(1) Compute the emission rate (Ep) of TF from each potline using Equation 1:
EP
CS1 QSD1 CS 2 QSD2
P K
Where
Ep=emission rate of TF from a potline, kg/Mg (lb/ton);
Cs1=concentration of TF from the primary control system, mg/ dscm (mg/dscf);
Qsd=volumetric flow rate of effluent gas corresponding to the appropriate subscript location, dscm/hr
(dscf/hr);
Cs2=concentration of TF as measured for roof monitor emissions, mg/dscm (mg/dscf);
P=aluminum production rate, Mg/hr (ton/hr);
K=conversion factor, 10\6\ mg/kg (453,600 mg/lb);
1 = subscript for primary control system effluent gas; and 2 = subscript for secondary control system or roof
monitor effluent gas.
(2) Compute the emission rate of POM from each potline using Equation 1,
Where:
Ep = emission rate of POM from the potline, kg/mg (lb/ton); and
Cs = concentration of POM, mg/dscm (mg/dscf). POM emission data collected during the installation and
startup of a cathode shall not be included in Cs.
(3) Compute the emission rate (Eb) of TF from each anode bake furnace using Equation 2,
Eb
CS QSD
Pb K
(Equation 2)
Where:
Eb = emission rate of TF, kg/mg (lb/ton) of green anodes produced;
Cs = concentration of TF, mg/dscm (mg/dscf);
Qsd = volumetric flow rate of effluent gas, dscm/hr (dscf/ hr);
Pb = quantity of green anode material placed in the furnace, mg/hr (ton/hr); and
K = conversion factor, 10\6\ mg/kg (453,600 mg/lb).
(4) Compute the emission rate of POM from each anode bake furnace using Equation 2,
Where:
Cs = concentration of POM, mg/dscm (mg/dscf).
(5) Determine the weight of the aluminum tapped from the potline and the weight of the green anode
material placed in the anode bake furnace using the monitoring devices required in § 63.848(j).
(6) Determine the aluminum production rate (P) by dividing the number of hours in the calendar
month into the weight of aluminum tapped from the potline during the calendar month that includes the three
runs of a performance test.
(7) Determine the rate of green anode material introduced into the furnace by dividing the number of
operating hours in the calendar month into the weight of green anode material used during the calendar month
in which the performance test was conducted.
(f) Paste production plants. Initial compliance with the standards for existing and new paste production plants
in §§ 63.843(b) and 63.844(b) will be demonstrated through site inspection(s) and review of site records by
the applicable regulatory authority.
(g) Pitch storage tanks. The owner or operator shall demonstrate initial compliance with the standard for pitch
storage tanks in § 63.844(d) by preparing a design evaluation or by conducting a performance test. The owner
or operator shall submit for approval by the regulatory authority the information specified in paragraph (g)(1)
of this section, along with the information specified in paragraph (g)(2) of this section where a design
evaluation is performed or the information specified in paragraph (g)(3) of this section where a performance
test is conducted.
(1) A description of the parameters to be monitored to ensure that the control device is being properly
operated and maintained, an explanation of the criteria used for selection of that parameter (or parameters),
and the frequency with which monitoring will be performed; and
(2) Where a design evaluation is performed, documentation
demonstrating that the control device used achieves the required control efficiency during reasonably
expected maximum filling rate. The documentation shall include a description of the gas stream that enters the
control device, including flow and POM content under varying liquid level conditions, and the information
specified in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) through (g)(2)(vi) of this section, as applicable.
(i) If the control device receives vapors, gases, or liquids, other than fuels, from emission
points other than pitch storage tanks, the efficiency demonstration is to include consideration of all vapors,
gases, and liquids, other than fuels, received by the control device;
(ii) If an enclosed combustion device with a minimum residence time of 0.5 seconds and a
minimum temperature of 760 ºC (1,400 ºF) is used to meet the emission reduction requirement specified in §
83.844(d), documentation that those conditions exist is sufficient to meet the requirements of § 83.844(d);
(iii) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this section,
for thermal incinerators, the design evaluation shall include the autoignition temperature of the organic HAP,
the flow rate of the organic HAP emission stream, the combustion temperature, and the residence time at the
combustion temperature;
(iv) If the pitch storage tank is vented to the emission control
system installed for control of emissions from the paste production plant pursuant to § 63.843(b),
documentation of compliance with the requirements of § 63.843(b) is sufficient to meet the requirements of §
63.844(d);
(v) For carbon adsorbers, the design evaluation shall include the affinity of the organic vapors
for carbon, the amount of carbon in each bed, the number of beds, the humidity of the feed gases, the
temperature of the feed gases, the flow rate of the organic HAP emission stream, and if applicable, the
desorption schedule, the regeneration stream pressure or temperature, and the flow rate of the
regeneration stream. For vacuum desorption, the pressure drop shall be included; and
(vi) For condensers, the design evaluation shall include the final temperature of the organic
HAP vapors, the type of condenser, and the design flow rate of the organic HAP emission stream.
(3) If a performance test is conducted, the owner or operator shall determine the control efficiency for
POM during tank loading using Method 315 in appendix A to this part. The owner or operator shall include
the following information:
(i) Identification of the pitch storage tank and control device for which the performance test
will be submitted; and
(ii) Identification of the emission point(s) that share the control device with the pitch storage
tank and for which the performance test will be conducted.
(h) Selection of monitoring parameters. The owner or operator shall determine the operating limits and
monitoring frequency for each control device that is to be monitored as required in § 63.848(f).
(1) For potlines and anode bake furnaces, the owner or operator shall determine upper and/or lower
operating limits, as appropriate, for each monitoring device for the emission control system from the values
recorded during each of the runs performed during the initial performance test and from historical data from
previous performance tests conducted by the methods specified in this subpart.
(2) For a paste production plant, the owner or operator shall
specify and provide the basis or rationale for selecting parameters to be monitored and the associated
operating limits for the emission control device.
(3) The owner or operator may redetermine the upper and/or lower operating limits, as appropriate,
based on historical data or other information and submit an application to the applicable regulatory authority
to change the applicable limit(s). The redetermined limits shall become effective upon approval by the
applicable regulatory authority.
§ 63.848 Emission monitoring requirements.
(a) TF emissions from potlines. Using the procedures in § 63.847 and in the approved test plan, the owner or
operator shall monitor emissions of TF from each potline by conducting monthly performance tests. The
owner or operator shall compute and record the monthly average from at least three runs for secondary
emissions and the previous 12-month average of all runs for the primary control system to determine
compliance with the applicable emission limit. The owner or operator must include all valid runs in the
monthly average. The duration of each run for secondary emissions must represent a complete operating
cycle.
(b) POM emissions from Soderberg potlines. Using the procedures in § 63.847 and in the approved test plan,
the owner or operator shall monitor emissions of POM from each Soderberg (HSS, VSS1, and VSS2) potline
every three months. The owner or operator shall compute and record the quarterly (3-month) average from at
least one run per month for secondary emissions and the previous 12-month average of all runs for the
primary control systems to determine compliance with the applicable emission limit. The owner or operator
must include all valid runs in the quarterly (3-month) average. The duration of each run for secondary
emissions must represent a complete operating cycle. The primary control system must be sampled over an 8-
hour period, unless site-specific factors dictate an alternative sampling time subject to the approval of the
regulatory authority.
(c) TF and POM emissions from anode bake furnaces. Using the procedures in § 63.847 and in the approved
test plan, the owner or operator shall monitor TF and POM emissions from each anode bake furnace on an
annual basis. The owner or operator shall compute and record the annual average of TF and POM emissions
from at least three runs to determine compliance with the applicable emission limits. The owner or operator
must include all valid runs in the annual average.
(d) Similar potlines. As an alternative to monthly monitoring of TF or POM secondary emissions from each
potline using the test methods in § 63.849, the owner or operator may perform monthly monitoring of TF or
POM secondary emissions from one potline using the test methods in §§ 63.849 (a) or (b) to represent the
performance of similar potline(s). The similar potline(s) shall be monitored using an
alternative method that meets the requirements of paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(7) of this section. Two or
more potlines are similar if the owner or operator demonstrates that their structure, operability, type of
emissions, volume of emissions, and concentration of emissions are substantially equivalent.
(1) To demonstrate (to the satisfaction of the regulatory
authority) that the level of emission control performance is the same or better, the owner or operator shall
perform an emission test using an alternative monitoring procedure for the similar potline simultaneously with
an emission test using the applicable test methods. The results of the emission test using the applicable test
methods must be in compliance with the applicable emission limit for existing or new potlines in §§ 63.843 or
63.844. An alternative method:
(i) For TF emissions, must account for or include gaseous fluoride and cannot be based on
measurement of particulate matter or particulate fluoride alone; and
(ii) For TF and POM emissions, must meet or exceed Method 14 criteria.
(2) An HF continuous emission monitoring system is an approved alternative for the monitoring of
TF secondary emissions.
(3) An owner or operator electing to use an alternative monitoring procedure shall establish an
alternative emission limit based on at least nine simultaneous runs using the applicable test methods and the
alternative monitoring method. All runs must represent a full process cycle.
(4) The owner or operator shall derive an alternative emission limit for the HF continuous emission
monitor or an alternative method using either of the following procedures:
(i) Use the highest value from the alternative method associated with a simultaneous run by
the applicable test method that does not exceed the applicable emission limit; or
(ii) Correlate the results of the two methods (the applicable test method results and the
alternative monitoring method results) and establish an emission limit for the alternative monitoring system
that corresponds to the applicable emission limit.
(5) The owner or operator shall submit the results required in paragraph (d)(4) of this section and all
supporting documentation to the applicable regulatory authority for review and approval.
(6) The regulatory authority shall review and approve or disapprove the request for an alternative
method and alternative emission limit. The criterion for approval shall be a demonstration (to the satisfaction
of the regulatory authority) that the alternative method and alternative emission limit achieve a level of
emission control that is the same as or better than the level that would have otherwise been achieved by the
applicable method and emission limit.
(7) If the alternative method is approved by the applicable
regulatory authority, the owner or operator shall perform monthly emission monitoring using the approved
alternative monitoring procedure to demonstrate compliance with the alternative emission limit for each
similar potline.
(e) Reduced sampling frequency. The owner or operator may submit a written request to the applicable
regulatory authority to establish an alternative testing requirement to reduce the sampling of secondary TF
emissions from potlines from monthly to quarterly.
(1) In the request, the owner or operator shall provide information and data demonstrating, to the
satisfaction of the applicable regulatory authority, that secondary emissions of TF from potlines have low
variability during normal operations using the procedures in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) or (e)(1)(ii) of this section.
(i) Submit data from 24 consecutive months of sampling that show the average TF emissions
are less than 60 percent of the applicable limit and that no monthly performance test in the 24 months of
sampling exceeds 75 percent of the applicable limit; or
(ii) Submit data and a statistical analysis that the regulatory authority may evaluate based on
the approach used in ``Primary Aluminum: Statistical Analysis of Potline Fluoride Emissions and Alternative
Sampling Frequency'' (EPA-450-86-012, October 1986), which is available from the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161.
(2) An approved alternative requirement must include a test
schedule and the method to be used to measure emissions for performance tests.
(3) The owner or operator of a plant that has received approval of an alternative sampling frequency
under § 60.194 of this chapter is deemed to have approval of the alternative sampling frequency under this
subpart.
(4) If emissions in excess of the applicable TF limit occur while performing quarterly sampling
approved under paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section, the owner or operator shall return to monthly sampling for
at least 12 months and may reduce to quarterly sampling when:
(i) The average of all tests performed over the most recent 24-month period does not exceed
60 percent of the applicable limit, and
(ii) No more than one monthly performance test in the most recent
24-month period exceeds 75 percent of the applicable limit.
(5) If emissions in excess of the applicable TF limit occur while performing quarterly sampling
approved under paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this section, the owner or operator shall immediately return to the
monthly sampling schedule required by paragraph (a) of this section until another request for an alternative
sampling frequency is approved by the applicable regulatory authority.
(f) Monitoring parameters for emission control devices. The owner or operator shall install, operate, calibrate,
and maintain a continuous parameter monitoring system for each emission control device. The owner or
operator shall submit for approval by the regulatory authority a description of the parameter(s) to be
monitored, the operating limits, and the monitoring frequency to ensure that the control device is being
properly operated and maintained. An explanation of the criteria used for selection of the parameter(s), the
operating limits, and the monitoring frequency, including how these relate to emission control also shall be
submitted to the regulatory authority. Except as provided in paragraph (l) of this section, the following
monitoring devices shall be installed:
(1) For dry alumina scrubbers, devices for the measurement of alumina flow and air flow;
(2) For dry coke scrubbers, devices for the measurement of coke flow and air flow;
(3) For wet scrubbers as the primary control system, devices for the measurement of water flow and
air flow;
(4) For electrostatic precipitators, devices for the measurement of voltage and secondary current; and
(5) For wet roof scrubbers for secondary emission control:
(i) A device for the measurement of total water flow; and
(ii) The owner or operator shall inspect each control device at least once each operating day
to ensure the control device is operating properly and record the results of each inspection.
(g) Visible emissions. The owner or operator shall visually inspect the exhaust stack(s) of each control device
on a daily basis for evidence of any visible emissions indicating abnormal operation.
(h) Corrective action. If a monitoring device for a primary control device measures an operating parameter
outside the limit(s) established pursuant to § 63.847(h), if visible emissions indicating abnormal operation are
observed from the exhaust stack of a control device during a daily inspection, or if a problem is detected
during the daily inspection of a wet roof scrubber for potline secondary emission control, the owner or
operator shall initiate the corrective action procedures identified in the startup, shutdown, and malfunction
plan within 1 hour. Failure to initiate the corrective action procedures within 1 hour or to take the necessary
corrective actions to remedy the problem is a violation.
(i) Exceedances. If the limit for a given operating parameter
associated with monitoring a specific control device is exceeded six times in any semiannual reporting period,
then any subsequent exceedance in that reporting period is a violation. For the purpose of determining the
number of exceedances, no more than one exceedance shall be attributed in any given 24-hour period.
(j) Weight of aluminum and green anodes. The owner or operator of a new or existing potline or anode bake
furnace shall install, operate, and maintain a monitoring device to determine the daily weight of aluminum
produced and the weight of green anode material placed in the anode bake furnace. The weight of green anode
material may be determined by monitoring the weight of all anodes or by monitoring the number of anodes
placed in the furnace and determining an average weight from measurements of a representative sample of
anodes.
(k) Accuracy and calibration. The owner or operator shall submit recommended accuracy requirements to the
regulatory authority for review and approval. All monitoring devices required by this section must be certified
by the owner or operator to meet the accuracy requirements and must be calibrated in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
(l) Alternative operating parameters. The owner or operator may monitor alternative control device operating
parameters subject to prior written approval by the applicable regulatory authority.
(m) Other control systems. An owner or operator using a control system not identified in this section shall
request that the applicable regulatory authority include the recommended parameters for monitoring in the
facility's part 70 permit.
§ 63.849 Test methods and procedures.
(a) The owner or operator shall use the following reference methods to determine compliance with the
applicable emission limits for TF and POM emissions:
(1) Method 1 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter for sample and velocity traverses;
(2) Method 2 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter for velocity and volumetric flow rate;
(3) Method 3 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter for gas analysis;
(4) Method 13A or Method 13B in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter, or an approved alternative,
for the concentration of TF where stack or duct emissions are sampled;
(5) Method 13A or Method 13B and Method 14 or Method 14A in appendix A to part 60 of this
chapter or an approved alternative method for the concentration of TF where emissions are sampled from roof
monitors not employing wet roof scrubbers;
(6) Method 315 in appendix A to this part or an approved alternative method for the concentration of
POM where stack or duct emissions are sampled; and
(7) Method 315 in appendix A to this part and Method 14 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter or
an approved alternative method for the concentration of POM where emissions are sampled from roof
monitors not employing wet roof scrubbers.
(b) The owner or operator of a VSS potline or a SWPB potline equipped with wet roof scrubbers for the
control of secondary emissions shall use methods that meet the intent of the sampling requirements of
Method 14 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter and that are approved by the State. Sample analysis shall
be performed using Method 13A or Method 13B in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter for TF, Method 315
in appendix A to this part for POM, or an approved alternative method.
(c) Except as provided in § 63.845(g)(1), references to ``potroom'' or ``potroom group'' in Method 14 in
appendix A to part 60 of this chapter shall be interpreted as ``potline'' for the purposes of this subpart.
(d) For sampling using Method 14 in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter, the owner or operator shall install
one Method 14 manifold per potline in a potroom that is representative of the entire potline, and this manifold
shall meet the installation requirements specified in section 2.2.1 of Method 14 in appendix A to part 60 of
this chapter.
(e) The owner or operator may use an alternative test method for TF or POM emissions providing:
(1) The owner or operator has already demonstrated the equivalency of the alternative method for a
specific plant and has received previous approval from the Administrator or the applicable regulatory
authority for TF or POM measurements using the alternative method; or
(2) The owner or operator demonstrates to the satisfaction of the applicable regulatory authority that
the results from the alternative method meet the criteria specified in §§§ 63.848(d)(1) and (d)(3) through
(d)(6). The results from the alternative method shall be based on simultaneous sampling using the alternative
method and the following reference methods:
(i) For TF, Methods 13 and 14 or Method 14A in appendix A to part 60 of this chapter; or
(ii) For POM, Method 315 in appendix A to this part and Method 14 in appendix A to part 60
of this chapter.
§ 63.850 Notification, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Notifications. The owner or operator shall submit the following written notifications:
(1) Notification for an area source that subsequently increases its emissions such that the source is a
major source subject to the standard;
(2) Notification that a source is subject to the standard, where the initial startup is before the effective
date of the standard;
(3) Notification that a source is subject to the standard, where the source is new or has been
reconstructed, the initial startup is after the effective date of the standard, and for which an application for
approval of construction or reconstruction is not required;
(4) Notification of intention to construct a new major source or reconstruct a major source; of the date
construction or reconstruction commenced; of the anticipated date of startup; of the actual date of startup,
where the initial startup of a new or reconstructed source occurs after the effective date of the standard, and
for which an application for approval of construction or reconstruction is required [see §§ 63.9(b)(4) and
(b)(5)];
(5) Notification of initial performance test;
(6) Notification of initial compliance status;
(7) One-time notification for each affected source of the intent to use an HF continuous emission
monitor;
(8) Notification of compliance approach. The owner or operator shall develop and submit to the
applicable regulatory authority, if requested, an engineering plan that describes the techniques that will be
used to address the capture efficiency of the reduction cells for gaseous hazardous air pollutants in
compliance with the emission limits in Sec. Sec. 63.843, 63.844, and 63.846; and
(9) One-time notification of startup of an existing potline or potroom group, anode bake furnace, or
paste production plant that was shut down for a long period and subsequently restarted. The owner or operator
must provide written notice to the Administrator at least 30 days before the startup.
(b) Performance test reports. The owner or operator shall report the results of the initial performance test as
part of the notification of compliance status required in paragraph (a)(6) of this section. Except as provided in
paragraph (d) of this section, the owner or operator shall submit a summary of all subsequent performance
tests to the applicable regulatory authority on an annual basis.
(c) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and reports. The owner or operator shall develop and implement
a written plan as described in § 63.6(e)(3) that contains specific procedures to be followed for operating the
source and maintaining the source during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction and a program of
corrective action for malfunctioning process and control systems used to comply with the standard. The plan
does not have to be submitted with the permit appplication or included in the operating permit. The permitting
authority may review the plan upon request. In addition to the information required in § 63.6(e)(3), the plan
shall include:
(1) Procedures, including corrective actions, to be followed if a monitoring device measures an
operating parameter outside the limit(s) established under § 63.847(h), if visible emissions from an exhaust
stack indicating abnormal operation of a control device are observed by the owner or operator during the daily
inspection required in § 63.848(g), or if a problem is detected during the daily inspection of a wet roof
scrubber for potline secondary emission control required in § 63.848(f)(5)(ii); and
(2) The owner or operator shall also keep records of each event as required by § 63.10(b) and record
and report if an action taken during a startup, shutdown, or malfunction is not consistent with the procedures
in the plan as described in § 63.6(e)(3)(iv).
(d) Excess emissions report. As required by § 63.10(e)(3), the owner or operator shall submit a report (or a
summary report) if measured emissions are in excess of the applicable standard. The report shall contain the
information specified in § 63.10(e)(3)(v) and be submitted semiannually unless quarterly reports are required
as a result of excess emissions.
(e) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator shall maintain files of all information (including all reports and
notifications) required by § 63.10(b) and by this subpart.
(1) The owner or operator must retain each record for at least 5 years following the date of each
occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report, or record. The most recent 2 years of
records must be retained at the facility. The remaining 3 years of records may be retained offsite;
(2) The owner or operator may retain records on microfilm, on a computer, on computer disks, on
magnetic tape, or on microfiche;
(3) The owner or operator may report required information on paper or on a labeled computer disc
using commonly available and compatible computer software; and
(4) In addition to the general records required by § 63.10(b), the owner or operator shall maintain
records of the following information:
(i) Daily production rate of aluminum;
(ii) Daily production rate of green anode material placed in the anode bake furnace;
(iii) A copy of the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan;
(iv) Records of design information for paste production plant capture systems;
(v) Records of design information for an alternative emission control device for a paste
production plant;
(vi) Records supporting the monitoring of similar potlines demonstrating that the
performance of similar potlines is the same as or better than that of potlines sampled by manual methods;
(vii) Records supporting a request for reduced sampling of potlines;
(viii) Records supporting the correlation of emissions measured by a continuous emission
monitoring system to emissions measured by manual methods and the derivation of the alternative emission
limit derived from the measurements;
(ix) The current implementation plan for emission averaging and any subsequent
amendments;
(x) Records, such as a checklist or the equivalent, demonstrating that the daily inspection of a
potline with wet roof scrubbers for secondary emission control has been performed as required in
§ 63.848(f)(5)(ii), including the results of each inspection;
(xi) Records, such as a checklist or the equivalent, demonstrating that the daily visual
inspection of the exhaust stack for each control device has been performed as required in § 63.848(g),
including the results of each inspection;
(xii) For a potline equipped with an HF continuous emission monitor, records of information
and data required by § 63.10(c);
(xiii) Records documenting the corrective actions taken when the limit(s) for an operating
parameter established under § 63.847(h) were exceeded, when visible emissions indicating abnormal
operation were observed from a control device stack during a daily inspection required under § 63.848(g), or
when a problem was detected during the daily inspection of a wet roof scrubber for potline secondary control
required in § 63.848(f)(5)(ii);
(xiv) Records documenting any POM data that are invalidated due to the installation and
startup of a cathode; and
(xv) Records documenting the portion of TF that is measured as particulate matter and the
portion that is measured as gaseous when the particulate and gaseous fractions are quantified separately using
an approved test method.
§ 63.851 Regulatory authority review procedures.
(a) The applicable regulatory authority shall notify the owner or operator in writing of the need for additional
time to review the submissions in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this section or of approval or intent to
deny approval of the submissions in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this section within 60 calendar days
after receipt of sufficient information to evaluate the submission. The 60-day period begins after the owner or
operator has been notified that the submission is complete.
(1) The test plan in § 63.847(b);
(2) Request to change limits for operating parameters in § 63.847(h)(3);
(3) Request for similar potline monitoring in § 63.848(d)(5);
(4) Request for reduced sampling frequency in § 63.848(e); and
(5) Request for an alternative method in § 63.849(e)(2).
(b) The applicable regulatory authority shall notify the owner or operator in writing whether the submission is
complete within 30 calendar days of receipt of the original submission or within 30 days of receipt of any
supplementary information that is submitted. When a submission is incomplete, the applicable regulatory
authority shall specify the information needed to complete the submission and shall give the owner or
operator 30 calendar days after receipt of the notification to provide the information.
§ 63.852 Applicability of general provisions.
The requirements of the general provisions in subpart A of this part that are not applicable to the owner or
operator subject to the requirements of this subpart are shown in appendix A of this subpart.
§ 63.853 Implementation and Enforcement.
(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the U.S. EPA, or a delegated authority such as the
applicable State, local, or Tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has delegated authority to a
State, local, or Tribal agency, then that agency, in addition to the U.S. EPA, has the authority to implement
and enforce this regulation. Contact the applicable U.S. EPA Regional Office to find out if this subpart is
delegated to a State, local, or Tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this subpart to a State, local, or Tribal agency
under subpart E of this part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are retained by the
Administrator of U.S. EPA and cannot be transferred to the State, local, or Tribal agency.
(c) The authorities that cannot be delegated to State, local, or Tribal agencies are as specified in paragraphs
(c)(1) through (4) of this section.
(1) Approval of alternatives to the requirements in Sec. Sec. 63.840, 63.843 (with the exception of
63.843(b)(3)), 63.844, 63.845(a) introductory text, (a)(1), (b) through (e), (h), 63.846(a) through (c), and
63.847(a)(1) and (4).
(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under Sec. 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f), as defined in
Sec. 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under Sec. 63.8(f), as defined in Sec. 63.90, and
as required in this subpart.
(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting under Sec. 63.10(f), as defined
in Sec. 63.90, and as required in this subpart.
§§ 63.854-63.859 [Reserved]
Table 1 To Subpart LL--Potline TF Limits for Emission Averaging
Monthly TF limit (1b/ton) [for given number of potlines]
Type -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
2 lines 3 lines 4 lines 5 lines 6 lines 7 lines 8 lines
CWPB1....................................................... 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4
CWPB2....................................................... 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6
CWPB3....................................................... 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
VSS1........................................................ 2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
VSS2........................................................ 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4
HSS......................................................... 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3
SWPB........................................................ 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
Table 2 to Subpart LL--Potline POM Limits for Emission Averaging
Quarterly POM limit (lb/ton) [for given number of potlines]
Type ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
2 lines 3 lines 4 lines 5 lines 6 lines 7 lines 8 lines
HSS.......................................................... 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3
VSS1......................................................... 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8
VSS2......................................................... 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1
Table 3 to Subpart LL--Anode Bake Furnace Limits for Emission Averaging
Emission limit (lb/ton of
anode)
Number of furnaces --------------------------
TF POM
2............................................ 0.11 0.17
3............................................ 0.090 0.17
4............................................ 0.077 0.17
5............................................ 0.070 0.17
9. Appendix A to part 63 is amended by adding, in numerical order, Method 315 to read as follows:
Appendix A to Part 63--Test Methods
Method 315--Determination of Particulate and Methylene Chloride Extractable Matter (MCEM) From
Selected Sources at Primary Aluminum Production Facilities
Note: This method does not include all of the specifications (e.g., equipment and supplies) and procedures
(e.g., sampling and analytical) essential to its performance. Some material is incorporated by reference from
other methods in this part. Therefore, to obtain reliable results, persons using this method
should have a thorough knowledge of at least the following additional test methods: Method 1, Method 2,
Method 3, and Method 5 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
1.0 Scope and Application.
1.1 Analytes. Particulate matter (PM). No CAS number assigned. Methylene chloride extractable matter
(MCEM). No CAS number assigned.
1.2 Applicability. This method is applicable for the simultaneous determination of PM and MCEM when
specified in an applicable regulation. This method was developed by consensus with the Aluminum
Association and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and has limited precision estimates for
MCEM; it should have similar precision to Method 5 for PM in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A since the
procedures are similar for PM.
1.3 Data quality objectives. Adherence to the requirements of this method will enhance the quality of the
data obtained from air pollutant sampling methods.
2.0 Summary of Method.
Particulate matter and MCEM are withdrawn isokinetically from the source. PM is collected on a glass
fiber filter maintained at a temperature in the range of l20 14 ºC (248
º25 ºF) or such other temperature as specified by an applicable subpart of the standards or approved by the
Administrator for a particular application. The PM mass, which includes any material that condenses on the
probe and is subsequently removed in an acetone rinse or on the filter at or above the filtration temperature, is
determined gravimetrically after removal of uncombined water. MCEM is then determined by adding a
methylene chloride rinse of the probe and filter holder, extracting the condensable hydrocarbons collected in
the impinger water, adding an acetone rinse followed by a methylene chloride rinse of the sampling train
components after the filter and before the silica gel impinger, and determining residue gravimetrically after
evaporating the solvents.
3.0 Definitions. [Reserved]
4.0 Interferences. [Reserved]
5.0 Safety.
This method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This method does not purport to
address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this method to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to performing this test method.
6.0 Equipment and Supplies.
Note: Mention of trade names or specific products does not constitute endorsement by the EPA.
6.1 Sample collection. The following items are required for sample collection:
6.1.1 Sampling train. A schematic of the sampling train used in this method is shown in Figure 5-1,
Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Complete construction details are given in APTD-0581 (Reference 2
in section 17.0 of this method); commercial models of this train are also available. For changes from APTD-
0581 and for allowable modifications of the train shown in Figure 5-1, Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix
A, see the following subsections.
Note: The operating and maintenance procedures for the sampling train are described in APTD-0576
(Reference 3 in section 17.0 of this method). Since correct usage is important in obtaining valid results, all
users should read APTD-0576 and adopt the operating and maintenance procedures outlined in it, unless
otherwise specified herein. The use of grease for sealing sampling train components is not recommended
because many greases are soluble in methylene chloride. The sampling train consists of the following
components:
6.1.1.1 Probe nozzle. Glass or glass lined with sharp, tapered leading edge. The angle of taper shall be 30º.,
and the taper shall be on the outside to preserve a constant internal diameter. The probe nozzle shall be of the
button-hook or elbow design, unless otherwise specified by the Administrator. Other materials of construction
may be used, subject to the approval of the Administrator. A range of nozzle sizes suitable for isokinetic
sampling should be available. Typical nozzle sizes range from 0.32 to 1.27 cm (\1/8\ to \1/2\ in.) inside
diameter (ID) in increments of 0.16 cm (\1/16\ in.). Larger nozzle sizes are also available if higher volume
sampling trains are used. Each nozzle shall be calibrated according to the procedures outlined in section 10.0
of this method.
6.1.1.2 Probe liner. Borosilicate or quartz glass tubing with a heating system capable of maintaining a
probe gas temperature at the exit end during sampling of 12014 ºC (24825 ºF), or such other temperature as
specified by an applicable subpart of the standards or approved by theAdministrator for a particular
application. Because the actual temperature at the outlet of the probe is not usually monitored
during sampling, probes constructed according to APTD-0581 and using the calibration curves of APTD-
0576 (or calibrated according to the procedure outlined in APTD-0576) will be considered acceptable.
Either borosilicate or quartz glass probe liners may be used for stack temperatures up to about 480 ºC (900
ºF); quartz liners shall be used for temperatures between 480 and 900 ºC (900 and 1,650 ºF). Both types of
liners may be used at higher temperatures than specified for short periods of time, subject to
the approval of the Administrator. The softening temperature for borosilicate glass is 820 ºC (1,500 ºF) and
for quartz glass it is 1,500 ºC (2,700 ºF).
6.1.1.3 Pitot tube. Type S, as described in section 6.1 of Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or other
device approved by the Administrator. The pitot tube shall be attached to the probe (as shown in Figure 5-1 of
Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A) to allow constant monitoring of the stack gas velocity. The impact
(high pressure) opening plane of the pitot tube shall be even with or above the nozzle entry plane (see Method
2, Figure 2-6b, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A) during sampling. The Type S pitot tube assembly shall have a
known coefficient, determined as outlined in section 10.0 of Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
6.1.1.4 Differential pressure gauge. Inclined manometer or equivalent device (two), as described in section
6.2 of Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. One manometer shall be used for velocity head (Dp) readings,
and the other, for orifice differential pressure readings.
6.1.1.5 Filter holder. Borosilicate glass, with a glass frit filter support and a silicone rubber gasket. The
holder design shall provide a positive seal against leakage from the outside or around the filter. The holder
shall be attached immediately at the outlet of the probe (or cyclone, if used).
6.1.1.6 Filter heating system. Any heating system capable of maintaining a temperature around the filter
holder of 12014 ºC (24825 ºF) during sampling, or such other temperature as specified by an applicable
subpart of the standards or approved by the Administrator for a particular application. Alternatively, the tester
may opt to operate the equipment at a temperature lower than that specified. A temperature gauge capable of
measuring temperature to within 3 ºC (5.4 ºF) shall be installed so that the temperature around the filter holder
can be regulated and monitored during sampling. Heating systems other than the one shown in APTD-0581
may be used.
6.1.1.7 Temperature sensor. A temperature sensor capable of measuring temperature to within 3 ºC (5.4 ºF)
shall be installed so that the sensing tip of the temperature sensor is in direct contact with the sample gas, and
the temperature around the filter holder can be regulated and monitored during sampling.
6.1.1.8 Condenser. The following system shall be used to determine the stack gas moisture content: four
glass impingers connected in series with leak-free ground glass fittings. The first, third, and fourth impingers
shall be of the Greenburg-Smith design, modified by replacing the tip with a 1.3 cm (1/2 in.) ID glass tube
extending to about 1.3 cm (1/2 in.) from the bottom of the flask.The second impinger shall be of the
Greenburg-Smith design with the standard tip. The first and second impingers shall contain known quantities
of water (section 8.3.1 of this method), the third shall be empty, and the fourth shall contain a known weight
of silica gel or equivalent desiccant. A temperature sensor capable of measuring temperature to within 1 ºC (2
ºF) shall be placed at the outlet of the fourth impinger for monitoring.
6.1.1.9 Metering system. Vacuum gauge, leak-free pump, temperature sensors capable of measuring
temperature to within 3 ºC (5.4 ºF), dry gas meter (DGM) capable of measuring volume to within 2 percent,
and related equipment, as shown in Figure 5-1 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Other metering
systems capable of maintaining sampling rates within 10 percent of isokinetic and of determining sample
volumes to within 2 percent may be used, subject to the approval of the Administrator. When the metering
system is used in conjunction with a pitot tube, the system shall allow periodic checks of isokinetic rates.
6.1.1.10 Sampling trains using metering systems designed for higher flow rates than that described in
APTD-0581 or APTD-0576 may be used provided that the specifications of this method are met.
6.1.2 Barometer. Mercury, aneroid, or other barometer capable of measuring atmospheric pressure to
within 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) Hg.
Note: The barometric reading may be obtained from a nearby National Weather Service station. In
this case, the station value (which is the absolute barometric pressure) shall be requested and an adjustment
for elevation differences between the weather station and sampling point shall be made at a rate of minus 2.5
mm (0.1 in) Hg per 30 m (100 ft) elevation increase or plus 2.5 mm (0.1 in) Hg per 30 m (100 ft) elevation
decrease.
6.1.3 Gas density determination equipment. Temperature sensor and pressure gauge, as described in
sections 6.3 and 6.4 of Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, and gas analyzer, if necessary, as described in
Method 3, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. The temperature sensor shall, preferably, be permanently attached to
the pitot tube or sampling probe in a fixed configuration, such that the tip of the sensor extends beyond the
leading edge of the probe sheath and does not touch any metal. Alternatively, the sensor may be attached just
prior to use in the field. Note, however, that if the temperature sensor is attached in the field, the sensor must
be placed in an interference-free arrangement with respect to the Type S pitot tube openings (see Method 2,
Figure 2-4, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A). As a second alternative, if a difference of not more than 1 percent in
the average velocity measurement is to be introduced, the temperature sensor need not be attached to the
probe or pitot tube. (This alternative is subject to the approval of the Administrator.)
6.2 Sample recovery. The following items are required for sample recovery:
6.2.1 Probe-liner and probe-nozzle brushes. Nylon orTeflon• bristle brushes with stainless steel wire
handles. The probe brush shall have extensions (at least as long as the probe) constructed of stainless steel,
nylon, Teflon• , or similarly inert material. The brushes shall be properly sized and shaped to brush out the
probe liner and nozzle.
6.2.2 Wash bottles. Glass wash bottles are recommended. Polyethylene or tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) wash
bottles may be used, but they may introduce a positive bias due to contamination from the bottle. It is
recommended that acetone not be stored in polyethylene or TFE bottles for longer than a month.
6.2.3 Glass sample storage containers. Chemically resistant, borosilicate glass bottles, for acetone and
methylene chloride washes and impinger water, 500 ml or 1,000 ml. Screw-cap liners shall either be rubber-
backed Teflon• or shall be constructed so as to be leak-free and resistant to chemical attack by acetone or
methylene chloride. (Narrow-mouth glass bottles have been found to be less prone to leakage.) Alternatively,
polyethylene bottles may be used.
6.2.4 Petri dishes. For filter samples, glass, unless otherwise specified by the Administrator.
6.2.5 Graduated cylinder and/or balance. To measure condensed water, acetone wash and methylene
chloride wash used during field recovery of the samples, to within 1 ml or 1 g. Graduated cylinders shall have
subdivisions no greater than 2 ml. Most laboratory balances are capable of weighing to the nearest 0.5 g or
less. Any such balance is suitable for use here and in section 6.3.4 of this method.
6.2.6 Plastic storage containers. Air-tight containers to store silica gel.
6.2.7 Funnel and rubber policeman. To aid in transfer of silica gel to container; not necessary if silica gel is
weighed in the field.
6.2.8 Funnel. Glass or polyethylene, to aid in sample recovery.
6.3 Sample analysis. The following equipment is required for sample analysis:
6.3.1 Glass or Teflon• weighing dishes.
6.3.2 Desiccator. It is recommended that fresh desiccant be used to minimize the chance for positive bias
due to absorption of organic material during drying.
6.3.3 Analytical balance. To measure to within 0.l mg.
6.3.4 Balance. To measure to within 0.5 g.
6.3.5 Beakers. 250 ml.
6.3.6 Hygrometer. To measure the relative humidity of the laboratory environment.
6.3.7 Temperature sensor. To measure the temperature of the laboratory environment.
6.3.8 Buchner fritted funnel. 30 ml size, fine (<50 micron)-porosity fritted glass.
6.3.9 Pressure filtration apparatus.
6.3.10 Aluminum dish. Flat bottom, smooth sides, and flanged top, 18 mm deep and with an inside
diameter of approximately 60 mm.
7.0 Reagents and Standards.
7.l Sample collection. The following reagents are required for sample collection:
7.1.1 Filters. Glass fiber filters, without organic binder, exhibiting at least 99.95 percent efficiency (<0.05
percent penetration) on 0.3 micron dioctyl phthalate smoke particles. The filter efficiency test shall be
conducted in accordance with ASTM Method D 2986-95A (incorporated by reference in § 63.841 of this
part). Test data from the supplier's quality control program are sufficient for this purpose. In sources
containing S02 or S03, the filter material must be of a type that is unreactive to S02 or S03. Reference 10 in
section 17.0 of this method may be used to select the appropriate filter.
7.1.2 Silica gel. Indicating type, 6 to l6 mesh. If previously used, dry at l75 ºC (350 ºF) for 2 hours. New
silica gel may be used as received. Alternatively, other types of desiccants (equivalent or better) may be used,
subject to the approval of the Administrator.
7.1.3 Water. When analysis of the material caught in the impingers is required, deionized distilled water
shall be used. Run blanks prior to field use to eliminate a high blank on test samples.
7.1.4 Crushed ice.
7.1.5 Stopcock grease. Acetone-insoluble, heat-stable silicone grease. This is not necessary if screw-on
connectors with Teflon'' sleeves, or similar, are used. Alternatively, other types of stopcock grease may be
used, subject to the approval of the Administrator. [Caution: Many stopcock greases are methylene
chloride-soluble. Use sparingly and carefully remove prior to recovery to prevent contamination of the
MCEM analysis.]
7.2 Sample recovery. The following reagents are required for sample recovery:
7.2.1 Acetone. Acetone with blank values <1 mg/l as residue for its Environmental Analysis Solvents.
7.2.2 Methylene chloride. Methylene chloride with a blank value <1.5 ppm, by weight, residue. Methylene
chloride blanks may be run prior to field use, and only methylene chloride with low blank values may be
used. In no case shall a blank value of greater than 1.6E-06 of the weight of methylene chloride used be
subtracted from the sample weight.
Note: A least one vendor quotes <1 mg/l for Environmental Analysis Solvents-grade methylene chloride.
7.3 Sample analysis. The following reagents are required for sample analysis:
7.3.l Acetone. Same as in section 7.2.1 of this method.
7.3.2 Desiccant. Anhydrous calcium sulfate, indicating type.
Alternatively, other types of desiccants may be used, subject to the approval of the Administrator.
7.3.3 Methylene chloride. Same as in section 7.2.2 of this method.
8.0 Sample Collection, Preservation, Storage, and Transport.
Note: The complexity of this method is such that, in order to obtain reliable results, testers should be
trained and experienced with the test procedures.
8.1l Pretest preparation. It is suggested that sampling equipment be maintained according to the procedures
described in APTD-0576.
8.1.1 Weigh several 200 g to 300 g portions of silica gel in airtight containers to the nearest 0.5 g. Record
on each container the total weight of the silica gel plus container. As an alternative, the silica gel need not be
preweighed but may be weighed directly in its impinger or sampling holder just prior to train assembly.
8.1.2 A batch of glass fiber filters, no more than 50 at a time, should placed in a soxhlet extraction
apparatus and extracted using methylene chloride for at least 16 hours. After extraction,
check filters visually against light for irregularities, flaws, or pinhole leaks. Label the shipping containers
(glass or plastic petri dishes), and keep the filters in these containers at all times except during sampling and
weighing.
8.1.3 Desiccate the filters at 20 5.6 ºC (6810 ºF) and ambient pressure for at least 24 hours and weigh at
intervals of at least 6 hours to a constant weight, i.e., <0.5 mg change from previous weighing; record results
to the nearest 0.1 mg. During each weighing the filter must not be exposed to the laboratory atmosphere for
longer than 2 minutes and a relative humidity above 50 percent. Alternatively (unless otherwise specified by
the Administrator), the filters may be oven-dried at 104 ºC (220 ºF) for 2 to 3 hours, desiccated for 2 hours,
and weighed. Procedures other than those described, which account for relative humidity effects, may be
used, subject to the approval of the Administrator.
8.2 Preliminary determinations.
8.2.1 Select the sampling site and the minimum number of sampling points according to Method 1, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A or as specified by the Administrator. Determine the stack pressure, temperature, and
the range of velocity heads using Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A; it is recommended that a leak check
of the pitot lines (see section 8.1 of Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix
A) be performed. Determine the moisture content using Approximation Method 4 (section 1.2 of Method 4,
40 CFR part 60, appendix A) or its alternatives to make isokinetic sampling rate settings.
Determine the stack gas dry molecular weight, as described in section 8.6 of Method 2, 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A; if integrated Method 3 sampling is used for molecular weight determination, the integrated bag
sample shall be taken simultaneously with, and for the same total length of time as, the particulate sample run.
8.2.2 Select a nozzle size based on the range of velocity heads such that it is not necessary to change the
nozzle size in order to maintain isokinetic sampling rates. During the run, do not change the nozzle size.
Ensure that the proper differential pressure gauge is chosen for the range of velocity heads encountered (see
section 8.2 of Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A).
8.2.3 Select a suitable probe liner and probe length such that all traverse points can be sampled. For large
stacks, consider sampling from opposite sides of the stack to reduce the required
probe length.
8.2.4 Select a total sampling time greater than or equal to the minimum total sampling time specified in the
test procedures for the specific industry such that: (1) The sampling time per point is not less than 2 minutes
(or some greater time interval as specified by the Administrator); and (2) the sample volume taken (corrected
to standard conditions) will exceed the required minimum total gas sample volume. The latter is based on an
approximate average sampling rate.
8.2.5 The sampling time at each point shall be the same. It is recommended that the number of minutes
sampled at each point be an integer or an integer plus one-half minute, in order to eliminate timekeeping
errors.
8.2.6 In some circumstances (e.g., batch cycles), it may be necessary to sample for shorter times at the
traverse points and to obtain smaller gas sample volumes. In these cases, the Administrator's approval must
first be obtained.
8.3 Preparation of sampling train.
8.3.1 During preparation and assembly of the sampling train, keep all openings where contamination can
occur covered until just prior to assembly or until sampling is about to begin. Place l00 ml
of water in each of the first two impingers, leave the third impinger empty, and transfer approximately 200 to
300 g of preweighed silica gel from its container to the fourth impinger. More silica gel may be used, but care
should be taken to ensure that it is not entrained and carried out from the impinger during sampling. Place the
container in a clean place for later use in the sample recovery. Alternatively, the weight of the silica gel plus
impinger may be determined to the nearest 0.5 g and recorded.
8.3.2 Using a tweezer or clean disposable surgical gloves,
place a labeled (identified) and weighed filter in the filter holder. Be sure that the filter is properly centered
and the gasket properly placed so as to prevent the sample gas stream from circumventing the filter. Check the
filter for tears after assembly is completed.
8.3.3 When glass liners are used, install the selected nozzle using a Viton A 0-ring when stack
temperatures are less than 260 ºC (500 ºF) and an asbestos string gasket when
temperatures are higher. See APTD-0576 for details. Mark the probe with heat-resistant tape or by some other
method to denote the proper distance into the stack or duct for each sampling point.
8.3.4 Set up the train as in Figure 5-1 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, using (if necessary) a
very light coat of silicone grease on all ground glass joints, greasing only the outer portion (see APTD-0576)
to avoid possibility of contamination by the silicone grease. Subject to the approval of the Administrator, a
glass cyclone may be used between the probe and filter holder when the total particulate catch is expected to
exceed 100 mg or when water droplets are present in the stack gas.
8.3.5 Place crushed ice around the impingers.
8.4 Leak-check procedures.
8.4.1 Leak check of metering system shown in Figure 5-1 of
Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. That portion of the sampling train from the pump to the orifice meter
should be leak-checked prior to initial use and after each shipment. Leakage after the pump will result in less
volume being recorded than is actually sampled. The following procedure is suggested (see Figure 5-2 of
Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A): Close the main valve on the meter box. Insert a one-hole rubber
stopper with rubber tubing attached into the orifice exhaust pipe. Disconnect and vent the low side of the
orifice manometer. Close off the low side orifice tap. Pressurize the system to 13 to 18 cm (5 to 7 in.) water
column by blowing into the rubber tubing. Pinch off the tubing, and observe the manometer for 1 minute. A
loss of pressure on the manometer indicates a leak in the meter box; leaks, if present, must be corrected.
8.4.2 Pretest leak check. A pretest leak-check is recommended but not required. If the pretest leak-check is
conducted, the following procedure should be used.
8.4.2.1 After the sampling train has been assembled, turn on and set the filter and probe heating systems to
the desired operating temperatures. Allow time for the temperatures to
stabilize. If a Viton A 0-ring or other leak-free connection is used in assembling the probe nozzle to the probe
liner, leak-check the train at the sampling site by plugging the nozzle and pulling a 380 mm (15 in.) Hg
vacuum.
Note: A lower vacuum may be used, provided that it is not exceeded during the test.
8.4.2.2 If an asbestos string is used, do not connect the probe
to the train during the leak check. Instead, leak-check the train by first plugging the inlet to the filter holder
(cyclone, if applicable) and pulling a 380 mm (15 in.) Hg vacuum. (See NOTE in section 8.4.2.1 of this
method). Then connect the probe to the train and perform the leak check at approximately 25 mm (1 in.) Hg
vacuum; alternatively, the probe may be leak-checked with the rest of the sampling train, in one step, at 380
mm (15 in.) Hg vacuum. Leakage rates in excess of 4 percent of the average sampling rate or 0.00057
m\3\/min (0.02 cfm), whichever is less, are unacceptable.
8.4.2.3 The following leak check instructions for the sampling train described in APTD-0576 and APTD-
058l may be helpful. Start the pump with the bypass valve fully open and the coarse adjust valve completely
closed. Partially open the coarse adjust valve and slowly close the bypass valve until the desired vacuum is
reached. Do not reverse the direction of the bypass valve, as this will cause water to back up into the filter
holder. If the desired vacuum is exceeded, either leak-check at this higher vacuum or end the leak check as
shown below and start over.
8.4.2.4 When the leak check is completed, first slowly remove the plug from the inlet to the probe, filter
holder, or cyclone (if applicable) and immediately turn off the vacuum pump. This prevents the water in the
impingers from being forced backward into the filter holder and the silica gel from being entrained backward
into the third impinger.
8.4.3 Leak checks during sample run. If, during the sampling run, a component (e.g., filter assembly or
impinger) change becomes necessary, a leak check shall be conducted immediately before the change is
made. The leak check shall be done according to the procedure outlined in section 8.4.2 of this method,
except that it shall be done at a vacuum equal to or greater than the maximum value recorded up to that point
in the test. If the leakage rate is found to be no greater than 0.00057 m\3\/min (0.02 cfm) or 4 percent of the
average sampling rate (whichever is less), the results are acceptable, and no correction will need to be applied
to the total volume of dry gas metered; if, however, a higher leakage rate is obtained, either record the leakage
rate and plan to correct the sample volume as shown in section 12.3 of this method or void the sample run.
Note: Immediately after component changes, leak checks are optional; if such leak checks are done,
the procedure outlined in section 8.4.2 of this method should be used.
8.4.4 Post-test leak check. A leak check is mandatory at the conclusion of each sampling run. The leak
check shall be performed in accordance with the procedures outlined in section 8.4.2 of this method, except
that it shall be conducted at a vacuum equal to or greater than the maximum value reached during the
sampling run. If the leakage rate is found to be no greater than 0.00057 m\3\/min (0.02 cfm) or 4 percent of
the average sampling rate (whichever is less), the results are acceptable, and no correction need be applied to
the total volume of dry gas metered. If, however, a higher leakage rate is obtained, either record the leakage
rate and correct the sample volume, as shown in section 12.4 of this method, or void the sampling run.
8.5 Sampling train operation. During the sampling run, maintain an isokinetic sampling rate (within l0
percent of true isokinetic unless otherwise specified by the Administrator) and a temperature around the filter
of 120 14 ºC (248 25 ºF), or such other temperature as specified by an applicable subpart of the standards or
approved by the Administrator.
8.5.1 For each run, record the data required on a data sheet
such as the one shown in Figure 5-2 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Be sure to record the initial
reading. Record the DGM readings at the beginning and end of each sampling time increment, when changes
in flow rates are made, before and after each leak-check, and when sampling is halted. Take other readings
indicated by Figure 5-2 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A at least once at each sample point during
each time increment and additional readings when significant changes (20 percent variation in velocity head
readings) necessitate additional adjustments in flow rate. Level and zero the manometer. Because the
manometer level and zero may drift due to vibrations and temperature changes, make periodic checks during
the traverse.
8.5.2 Clean the portholes prior to the test run to minimize the chance of sampling deposited material. To
begin sampling, remove the nozzle cap and verify that the filter and probe heating systems are up to
temperature and that the pitot tube and probe are properly positioned. Position the nozzle at the first traverse
point with the tip pointing directly into the gas stream. Immediately start the pump and adjust the flow to
isokinetic conditions. Nomographs are available, which aid in the rapid adjustment of the isokinetic sampling
rate without excessive computations. These nomographs are designed for use when the Type S pitot tube
coefficient (Cp) is 0.85 # 0.02 and the stack gas equivalent density (dry molecular weight) is 29 4. APTD-
0576 details the procedure for using the nomographs. If Cp and Md are outside the above-stated ranges, do
not use the nomographs unless appropriate steps (see Reference 7 in section 17.0 of this method) are taken to
compensate for the deviations.
8.5.3 When the stack is under significant negative pressure (height of impinger stem), close the coarse
adjust valve before inserting the probe into the stack to prevent water from backing
into the filter holder. If necessary, the pump may be turned on with the coarse adjust valve closed.
8.5.4 When the probe is in position, block off the openings
around the probe and porthole to prevent unrepresentative dilution of the gas stream.
8.5.5 Traverse the stack cross-section, as required by Method 1, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A or as
specified by the Administrator, being careful not to bump the probe nozzle into the stack walls when sampling
near the walls or when removing or inserting the probe through the portholes; this minimizes the chance of
extracting deposited material.
8.5.6 During the test run, make periodic adjustments to keep the temperature around the filter holder at the
proper level; add more ice and, if necessary, salt to maintain a temperature of less than 20 ºC (68 ºF) at the
condenser/silica gel outlet. Also, periodically check the level and zero of the manometer.
8.5.7 If the pressure drop across the filter becomes too high, making isokinetic sampling difficult to
maintain, the filter may be replaced in the midst of the sample run. It is recommended that another complete
filter assembly be used rather than attempting to change the filter itself. Before a new filter assembly is
installed, conduct a leak check (see section 8.4.3 of this method). The total PM weight shall include the
summation of the filter assembly catches.
8.5.8 A single train shall be used for the entire sample run, except in cases where simultaneous sampling is
required in two or more separate ducts or at two or more different locations within the
same duct, or in cases where equipment failure necessitates a change of trains. In all other situations, the use
of two or more trains will be subject to the approval of the Administrator.
Note: When two or more trains are used, separate analyses of the front-half and (if applicable)
impinger catches from each train shall be performed, unless identical nozzle sizes were used in all trains, in
which case the front-half catches from the individual trains may be combined (as may the impinger catches)
and one analysis of the front-half catch and one analysis of the impinger catch may be performed.
8.5.9 At the end of the sample run, turn off the coarse adjust valve, remove the probe and nozzle from the
stack, turn off the pump, record the final DGM reading, and then conduct a post-test
leak check, as outlined in section 8.4.4 of this method. Also leak-check the pitot lines as described in section
8.1 of Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. The lines must pass this leak check in order to validate the
velocity head data.
8.6 Calculation of percent isokinetic. Calculate percent isokinetic (see Calculations, section 12.12 of this
method) to determine whether a run was valid or another test run should be
made. If there was difficulty in maintaining isokinetic rates because of source conditions, consult the
Administrator for possible variance on the isokinetic rates.
8.7 Sample recovery.
8.7.1 Proper cleanup procedure begins as soon as the probe is removed from the stack at the end of the
sampling period. Allow the probe to cool.
8.7.2 When the probe can be safely handled, wipe off all external PM near the tip of the probe nozzle and
place a cap over it to prevent losing or gaining PM. Do not cap off the probe tip tightly while the sampling
train is cooling down. This would create a vacuum in the filter holder, thus drawing water from the impingers
into the filter holder.
8.7.3 Before moving the sample train to the cleanup site, remove the probe from the sample train, wipe off
the silicone grease, and cap the open outlet of the probe. Be careful not to lose any condensate that might be
present. Wipe off the silicone grease from the filter inlet where the probe was fastened and cap it.
Remove the umbilical cord from the last impinger and cap the impinger. If a flexible line is used between the
first impinger or condenser and the filter holder, disconnect the line at the filter
holder and let any condensed water or liquid drain into the impingers or condenser. After wiping off the
silicone grease, cap off the filter holder outlet and impinger inlet. Ground-glass
stoppers, plastic caps, or serum caps may be used to close these openings.
8.7.4 Transfer the probe and filter-impinger assembly to the
cleanup area. This area should be clean and protected from the wind so that the chances of contaminating or
losing the sample will be minimized.
8.7.5 Save a portion of the acetone and methylene chloride used for cleanup as blanks. Take 200 ml of
each solvent directly from the wash bottle being used and place it in glass sample containers labeled ``acetone
blank'' and ``methylene chloride blank,'' respectively.
8.7.6 Inspect the train prior to and during disassembly and note any abnormal conditions. Treat the
samples as follows:
8.7.6.1 Container No. 1. Carefully remove the filter from the filter holder, and place it in its identified petri
dish container. Use a pair of tweezers and/or clean disposable surgical gloves to handle the filter. If it is
necessary to fold the filter, do so such that the PM cake is inside the fold. Using a dry nylon bristle brush
and/or a sharp-edged blade, carefully transfer to the petri dish any PM and/or filter fibers that adhere to the
filter holder gasket. Seal the container.
8.7.6.2 Container No. 2. Taking care to see that dust on the
outside of the probe or other exterior surfaces does not get into the sample, quantitatively recover PM or any
condensate from the probe nozzle, probe fitting, probe liner, and front half of the filter holder by washing
these components with acetone and placing the wash in a glass container. Perform the acetone rinse as
follows:
8.7.6.2.1 Carefully remove the probe nozzle and clean the
inside surface by rinsing with acetone from a wash bottle and brushing with a nylon bristle brush. Brush until
the acetone rinse shows no visible particles, after which make a final rinse of the inside surface with acetone.
8.7.6.2.2 Brush and rinse the inside parts of the Swagelok fitting with acetone in a similar way until no
visible particles remain.
8.7.6.2.3 Rinse the probe liner with acetone by tilting and rotating the probe while squirting acetone into
its upper end so that all inside surfaces are wetted with acetone. Let the acetone
drain from the lower end into the sample container. A funnel (glass or polyethylene) may be used to aid in
transferring liquid washes to the container. Follow the acetone rinse with a probe brush. Hold the
probe in an inclined position, squirt acetone into the upper end as the probe brush is being pushed with a
twisting action through the probe, hold a sample container under the lower end of the probe, and
catch any acetone and PM that is brushed from the probe. Run the brush through the probe three times or
more until no visible PM is carried out with the acetone or until none remains in the probe
liner on visual inspection. With stainless steel or other metal probes, run the brush through in the above-
described manner at least six times, since metal probes have small crevices in which PM can be entrapped.
Rinse the brush with acetone and quantitatively collect these washings in the sample container. After the
brushing, make a final acetone rinse of the probe as described above.
8.7.6.2.4 It is recommended that two people clean the probe to minimize sample losses. Between sampling
runs, keep brushes clean and protected from contamination.
8.7.6.2.5 After ensuring that all joints have been wiped clean of silicone grease, clean the inside of the
front half of the filter holder by rubbing the surfaces with a nylon bristle brush and
rinsing with acetone. Rinse each surface three times or more if needed to remove visible particulate. Make a
final rinse of the brush and filter holder. Carefully rinse out the glass cyclone also (if applicable).
8.7.6.2.6 After rinsing the nozzle, probe, and front half of the filter holder with acetone, repeat the entire
procedure with methylene chloride and save in a separate No. 2M container.
8.7.6.2.7 After acetone and methylene chloride washings and PM have been collected in the proper sample
containers, tighten the lid on the sample containers so that acetone and methylene chloride will not leak out
when it is shipped to the laboratory. Mark the height of the fluid level to determine whether leakage occurs
during transport. Label each container to identify clearly its contents.
8.7.6.3 Container No. 3. Note the color of the indicating silica gel to determine whether it has been
completely spent, and make a notation of its condition. Transfer the silica gel from the fourth impinger to its
original container and seal the container. A funnel may make it easier to pour the silica gel without spilling. A
rubber policeman may be used as an aid in removing the silica gel from the impinger. It is not necessary to
remove the small amount of dust particles that may adhere to the impinger wall and are difficult to remove.
Since the gain in weight is to be used for moisture calculations, do not use any water or other liquids to
transfer the silica gel. If a balance is available in the field, follow the procedure for Container No. 3 in section
11.2.3 of this method.
8.7.6.4 Impinger water. Treat the impingers as follows:
8.7.6.4.1 Make a notation of any color or film in the liquid catch. Measure the liquid that is in the first
three impingers to within 1 ml by using a graduated cylinder or by weighing it to within 0.5 g by using a
balance (if one is available). Record the volume or weight of liquid present. This information is required to
calculate the moisture content of the effluent gas.
8.7.6.4.2 Following the determination of the volume of liquid present, rinse the back half of the train with
water, add it to the impinger catch, and store it in a container labeled 3W (water).
8.7.6.4.3 Following the water rinse, rinse the back half of the train with acetone to remove the excess water
to enhance subsequent organic recovery with methylene chloride and quantitatively recover
to a container labeled 3S (solvent) followed by at least three sequential rinsings with aliquots of methylene
chloride. Quantitatively recover to the same container labeled 3S. Record separately the amount of both
acetone and methylene chloride used to the nearest 1 ml or 0.5g.
Note: Because the subsequent analytical finish is gravimetric, it is okay to recover both solvents to the
same container. This would not be recommended if other analytical finishes were required.
8.8 Sample transport. Whenever possible, containers should be shipped in such a way that they remain
upright at all times.
9.0 Quality Control.
9.1 Miscellaneous quality control measures.
Quality control
Section measure Effect
8.4, 10.1-10.6.................. Sampling and Ensure accurate
equipment leak measurement of
check and stack gas flow
calibration. rate, sample
volume.
9.2 Volume metering system checks. The following quality control procedures are suggested to check the
volume metering system calibration values at the field test site prior to sample collection. These procedures
are optional.
9.2.1 Meter orifice check. Using the calibration data obtained during the calibration procedure described in
section 10.3 of this method, determine the Ha for the metering system orifice. The Ha is the orifice pressure
differential in units of in. H20 that correlates to 0.75 cfm of air at 528 deg.R and 29.92 in. Hg. The Ha is
calculated as follows:
Where
0.0319 = (0.0567 in. Hg/ deg.R)(0.75 cfm)2;
H = Average pressure differential across the orifice meter, in. H20;
Tm = Absolute average DGM temperature, deg.R; = Total sampling time, min;
Pbar = Barometric pressure, in. Hg;
Y = DGM calibration factor, dimensionless;
Vm = Volume of gas sample as measured by DGM, dcf.
9.2.1.1 Before beginning the field test (a set of three runs usually constitutes a field test), operate the
metering system (i.e., pump, volume meter, and orifice) at the Ha pressure differential for 10 minutes. Record
the volume collected, the DGM temperature, and the barometric pressure. Calculate a DGM calibration check
value, Yc, as follows:
Where
Yc = DGM calibration check value, dimensionless;
10 = Run time, min.
9.2.1.2 Compare the Yc value with the dry gas meter calibration factor Y to determine that: 0.97 Y < Yc
1.03Y. If the Yc value is not within this range, the volume metering system should be investigated before
beginning the test.
9.2.2 Calibrated critical orifice. A calibrated critical orifice, calibrated against a wet test meter or
spirometer and designed to be inserted at the inlet of the sampling meter box, may be used as a quality control
check by following the procedure of section 16.2 of this method.
10.0 Calibration and Standardization.
Note: Maintain a laboratory log of all calibrations.
10.1 Probe nozzle. Probe nozzles shall be calibrated before their initial use in the field. Using a
micrometer, measure the ID of the nozzle to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.). Make three separate
measurements using different diameters each time, and obtain the average of the measurements. The
difference between the high and low numbers shall not exceed 0.1 mm (0.004 in.). When nozzles become
nicked, dented, or corroded, they shall be reshaped, sharpened, and recalibrated before use. Each nozzle shall
be permanently and uniquely identified.
10.2 Pitot tube assembly. The Type S pitot tube assembly shall be calibrated according to the procedure
outlined in section 10.1 of Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
10.3 Metering system.
10.3.1 Calibration prior to use. Before its initial use in the field, the metering system shall be calibrated as
follows: Connect the metering system inlet to the outlet of a wet test meter that is accurate to within 1 percent.
Refer to Figure 5-5 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. The wet test meter should have a capacity of
30 liters/revolution (1 ft3/rev). A spirometer of 400 liters (14 ft3) or more capacity, or equivalent, may be used
for this calibration, although a wet test meter is usually more practical. The wet test meter should be
periodically calibrated with a spirometer or a liquid displacement meter to ensure the accuracy of the wet test
meter. Spirometers or wet test meters of other sizes may be used, provided that the specified accuracies of the
procedure are maintained. Run the metering system pump for about 15 minutes with the orifice manometer
indicating a median reading, as expected in field use, to allow the pump to warm up and to permit the interior
surface of the wet test meter to be thoroughly wetted.
Then, at each of a minimum of three orifice manometer settings, pass an exact quantity of gas through the wet
test meter and note the gas volume indicated by the DGM. Also note the barometric pressure and the
temperatures of the wet test meter, the inlet of the DGM, and the outlet of the DGM. Select the highest and
lowest orifice settings to bracket the expected field operating range of the orifice. Use a minimum volume of
0.15 m3 (5 cf) at all orifice settings. Record all the data on a form similar to Figure 5-6 of Method 5, 40 CFR
part 60, appendix A, and calculate Y (the DGM calibration factor) and Ha (the orifice calibration factor) at
each orifice setting, as shown on Figure 5-6 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Allowable tolerances
for individual Y and Ha values are given in Figure 5-6 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Use the
average of the Y values in the calculations in section 12 of this method.
10.3.1.1. Before calibrating the metering system, it is suggested that a leak check be conducted. For
metering systems having diaphragm pumps, the normal leak check procedure will not detect leakages within
the pump. For these cases the following leak check procedure is suggested: make a 10-minute calibration run
at 0.00057 m3/min (0.02 cfm); at the end of the run, take the difference of the measured wet test meter and
DGM volumes; divide the difference by 10 to get the leak rate. The leak rate should not exceed 0.00057
m3/min (0.02 cfm).
10.3.2 Calibration after use. After each field use, the calibration of the metering system shall be checked
by performing three calibration runs at a single, intermediate orifice setting (based on the previous field test)
with the vacuum set at the maximum value reached during the test series. To adjust the vacuum, insert a valve
between the wet test meter and the inlet of the metering system. Calculate the average value of the DGM
calibration factor. If the value has changed by more than 5 percent, recalibrate the meter over the full range of
orifice settings, as previously detailed.
Note: Alternative procedures, e.g., rechecking the orifice meter coefficient, may be used, subject to
the approval of the Administrator.
10.3.3 Acceptable variation in calibration. If the DGM coefficient values obtained before and after a test
series differ by more than 5 percent, either the test series shall be voided or calculations for the test series
shall be performed using whichever meter coefficient value (i.e., before or after) gives the lower value of total
sample volume.
10.4 Probe heater calibration. Use a heat source to generate air heated to selected temperatures that
approximate those expected to occur in the sources to be sampled. Pass this air through the probe at a typical
sample flow rate while measuring the probe inlet and outlet temperatures at various probe heater settings. For
each air temperature generated, construct a graph of probe heating system setting versus probe outlet
temperature. The procedure outlined in APTD-0576 can also be used. Probes constructed according to APTD-
0581 need not be calibrated if the calibration curves in APTD-0576 are used. Also, probes with outlet
temperature monitoring capabilities do not require calibration.
Note: The probe heating system shall be calibrated before its initial use in the field.
10.5 Temperature sensors. Use the procedure in section 10.3 of Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A to
calibrate in-stack temperature sensors. Dial thermometers, such as are used for the DGM and condenser
outlet, shall be calibrated against mercury-in-glass thermometers.
10.6 Barometer. Calibrate against a mercury barometer.
11.0 Analytical Procedure.
11.1 Record the data required on a sheet such as the one shown in Figure 315-1 of this method.
11.2 Handle each sample container as follows:
11.2.1 Container No. 1.
11.2.1.1 PM analysis. Leave the contents in the shipping container or transfer the filter and any loose PM
from the sample container to a tared glass weighing dish. Desiccate for 24 hours in a desiccator containing
anhydrous calcium sulfate. Weigh to a constant weight and report the results to the nearest 0.1 mg. For
purposes of this section, the term ``constant weight'' means a difference of no more than 0.5 mg or 1 percent
of total weight less tare weight, whichever is greater, between two consecutive weighings, with no less than 6
hours of desiccation time between weighings (overnight desiccation is a common practice). If a third
weighing is required and it agrees within 0.5 mg, then the results of the second weighing should be used. For
quality assurance purposes, record and report each individual weighing; if more than three weighings are
required, note this in the results for the subsequent MCEM results.
11.2.1.2 MCEM analysis. Transfer the filter and contents quantitatively into a beaker. Add 100 ml of
methylene chloride and cover with aluminum foil. Sonicate for 3 minutes then allow to stand for 20 minutes.
Set up the filtration apparatus. Decant the solution into a clean Buchner fritted funnel. Immediately pressure
filter the solution through the tube into another clean, dry beaker. Continue decanting and pressure filtration
until all the solvent is transferred. Rinse the beaker and filter with 10 to 20 ml methylene chloride, decant into
the Buchner fritted funnel and pressure filter. Place the beaker on a low-temperature hot plate (maximum 40
ºC) and slowly evaporate almost to dryness. Transfer the remaining last few milliliters of solution
quantitatively from the beaker (using at least three aliquots of methylene chloride rinse) to a tared clean dry
aluminum dish and evaporate to complete dryness. Remove from heat once solvent is evaporated. Reweigh
the dish after a 30-minute equilibrium in the balance room and determine the weight to the nearest 0.1 mg.
Conduct a methylene chloride blank run in an identical fashion.
11.2.2 Container No. 2.
11.2.2.1 PM analysis. Note the level of liquid in the container, and confirm on the analysis sheet whether
leakage occurred during transport. If a noticeable amount of leakage has occurred, either void the sample or
use methods, subject to the approval of the Administrator, to correct the final results. Measure the liquid in
this container either volumetrically to 1 ml or gravimetrically to 10.5 g. Transfer the contents to a tared 250
ml beaker and evaporate to dryness at ambient temperature and pressure. Desiccate for 24 hours, and weigh to
a constant weight. Report the results to the nearest 0.1 mg.
11.2.2.2 MCEM analysis. Add 25 ml methylene chloride to the beaker and cover with aluminum foil.
Sonicate for 3 minutes then allow to stand for 20 minutes; combine with contents of Container No. 2M and
pressure filter and evaporate as described for Container 1 in section 11.2.1.2 of this method.
Notes for MCEM Analysis
1. Light finger pressure only is necessary on 24/40 adaptor. A Chemplast adapter #15055-240 has
been found satisfactory.
2. Avoid aluminum dishes made with fluted sides, as these may promote solvent ``creep,'' resulting in
possible sample loss.
3. If multiple samples are being run, rinse the Buchner fritted funnel twice between samples with 5 ml
solvent using pressure filtration. After the second rinse, continue the flow of air until the glass frit is
completely dry. Clean the Buchner fritted funnels thoroughly after filtering five or six samples.
11.2.3 Container No. 3. Weigh the spent silica gel (or silica gel plus impinger) to the nearest 0.5 g using a
balance. This step may be conducted in the field.
11.2.4 Container 3W (impinger water).
11.2.4.1 MCEM analysis. Transfer the solution into a 1,000 ml separatory funnel quantitatively with
methylene chloride washes. Add enough solvent to total approximately 50 ml, if necessary. Shake the funnel
for 1 minute, allow the phases to separate, and drain the solvent layer into a 250 ml beaker. Repeat the
extraction twice.
Evaporate with low heat (less than 40 ºC) until near dryness. Transfer the remaining few milliliters of solvent
quantitatively with small solvent washes into a clean, dry, tared aluminum dish and evaporate to dryness.
Remove from heat once solvent is evaporated. Reweigh the dish after a 30-minute equilibration in the
balance room and determine the weight to the nearest 0.1 mg.
11.2.5 Container 3S (solvent).
11.2.5.1 MCEM analysis. Transfer the mixed solvent to 250 ml beaker(s). Evaporate and weigh following
the procedures detailed for container 3W in section 11.2.4 of this method.
11.2.6 Blank containers. Measure the distilled water, acetone, or methylene chloride in each container
either volumetrically or gravimetrically. Transfer the ``solvent'' to a tared 250 ml beaker, and evaporate to
dryness at ambient temperature and pressure.
(Conduct a solvent blank on the distilled deionized water blank in an identical fashion to that described in
section 11.2.4.1 of this method.) Desiccate for 24 hours, and weigh to a constant weight. Report the results to
the nearest 0.l mg.
Note: The contents of Containers No. 2, 3W, and 3M as well as the blank containers may be
evaporated at temperatures higher than ambient. If evaporation is done at an elevated temperature, the
temperature must be below the boiling point of the solvent; also, to prevent ``bumping,'' the evaporation
process must be closely supervised, and the contents of the beaker must be swirled occasionally to maintain
an even temperature. Use extreme care, as acetone and methylene chloride are highly flammable and have a
low flash point.
12.0 Data Analysis and Calculations.
12.1 Carry out calculations, retaining at least one extra decimal figure beyond that of the acquired data.
Round off figures after the final calculation. Other forms of the equations may be used as long as they give
equivalent results.
12.2 Nomenclature.
An = Cross-sectional area of nozzle, m3 (ft3).
Bws = Water vapor in the gas stream, proportion by volume.
Ca = Acetone blank residue concentration, mg/g.
Cs = Concentration of particulate matter in stack gas, dry basis, corrected to standard conditions, g/dscm
(g/dscf).
I = Percent of isokinetic sampling.
La = Maximum acceptable leakage rate for either a pretest leak check or for a leak check following a
component change; equal to 0.00057 m3/min (0.02 cfm) or 4 percent of the average sampling rate, whichever
is less.
Li = Individual leakage rate observed during the leak check conducted prior to the ``ith'' component change (I
= l, 2, 3...n), m3/min (cfm).
Lp = Leakage rate observed during the post-test leak check, m3/min (cfm). ma = Mass of residue of acetone
after evaporation, mg. mn = Total amount of particulate matter collected, mg. Mw = Molecular weight of
water, 18.0 g/g-mole (18.0 lb/ lb-mole).
Pbar = Barometric pressure at the sampling site, mm Hg (in Hg).
Ps = Absolute stack gas pressure, mm Hg (in. Hg).
Pstd = Standard absolute pressure, 760 mm Hg (29.92 in. Hg).
R = Ideal gas constant, 0.06236 [(mm Hg)(m3)]/[( deg.K)(g-mole)] {21.85 [(in. Hg)(ft3)]/[( deg.R)(lb-mole)]}.
Tm = Absolute average dry gas meter (DGM) temperature (see Figure 5-2 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A), deg.K ( deg.R).
Ts = Absolute average stack gas temperature (see Figure 5-2 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A),
deg.K( deg.R).
Tstd = Standard absolute temperature, 293 deg.K
(528 deg.R).
Va = Volume of acetone blank, ml.
Vaw = Volume of acetone used in wash, ml.
Vt = Volume of methylene chloride blank, ml.
Vtw = Volume of methylene chloride used in wash, ml. Vlc = Total volume liquid collected in impingers and
silica gel (see Figure 5-3 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A), ml.
Vm = Volume of gas sample as measured by dry gas meter, dcm (dcf).
Vm(std) = Volume of gas sample measured by the dry gas meter, corrected to standard conditions, dscm (dscf).
Vw(std) = Volume of water vapor in the gas sample, corrected to standard conditions, scm (scf).
Vs = Stack gas velocity, calculated by Equation 2-9 in Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, using data
obtained from Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, m/sec (ft/sec).
Wa = Weight of residue in acetone wash, mg.
Y = Dry gas meter calibration factor.
H = Average pressure differential across the orifice meter (see Figure 5-2 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A), mm H2O (in H2O).
a= Density of acetone, 785.1 mg/ml (or see label on bottle).
w= Density of water, 0.9982 g/ml (0.00220l lb/ml).
= Density of methylene chloride, 1316.8 mg/ml (or see label on bottle).
= Total sampling time, min.
1 = Sampling time interval, from the beginning of a run until the first component change, min.
1= Sampling time interval, between two successive component changes, beginning with the interval
between the first and second changes, min.
p= Sampling time interval, from the final (nth) component change until the end of the sampling run, min.
13.6 = Specific gravity of mercury.
60 = Sec/min.
100 = Conversion to percent.
12.3 Average dry gas meter temperature and average orifice pressure drop. See data sheet (Figure 5-2
of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A).
12.4 Dry gas volume. Correct the sample volume measured by the dry gas meter to standard conditions (20
ºC, 760 mm Hg or 68 ºF, 29.92 in Hg) by using Equation 315-1.
Where
Kl = 0.3858 deg.K/mm Hg for metric units,
= 17.64 deg.R/in Hg for English units.
Note: Equation 315-1 can be used as written unless the leakage rate observed during any of the
mandatory leak checks (i.e., the post-test leak check or leak checks conducted prior to component changes)
exceeds La. If Lp or Li exceeds La, Equation 315-1 must be modified as follows:
(a) Case I. No component changes made during sampling run. In this case, replace Vm in
Equation 315-1 with the expression:
(b) Case II. One or more component changes made during the sampling run. In this case,
replace Vm in Equation 315-1 by the expression:
and substitute only for those leakage rates (Li or Lp) which exceed La.
12.5 Volume of water vapor condensed.
Where
K2 = 0.001333 m3/ml for metric units;
= 0.04706 ft3/ml for English units.
12.6 Moisture content.
Note: In saturated or water droplet-laden gas streams, two calculations of the moisture content of the
stack gas shall be made, one from the impinger analysis (Equation 315-3), and a second from the assumption
of saturated conditions. The lower of the two values of Bws shall be considered correct. The procedure for
determining the moisture content based upon assumption of saturated conditions is given in section 4.0 of
Method 4, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. For the purposes of this method, the average stack gas temperature
from Figure 5-2 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A may be used to make this determination, provided
that the accuracy of the in-stack temperature sensor is 1 ºC (2 ºF).
12.7 Acetone blank concentration.
12.8 Acetone wash blank.
12.9 Total particulate weight. Determine the total PM catch from the sum of the weights obtained from
Containers l and 2 less the acetone blank associated with these two containers (see Figure 315-1).
Note: Refer to section 8.5.8 of this method to assist in calculation of results involving two or more filter
assemblies or two or more sampling trains.
12.10 Particulate concentration.
cs = K3 mn/Vm(std) Eq. 315-6
where
K = 0.001 g/mg for metric units;
= 0.0154 gr/mg for English units.
12.11 Conversion factors.
From To Multiply by
ft \3\......................... m \3\............ 0.02832
gr............................. mg............... 64.80004
gr/ft\3\....................... mg/m\3\.......... 2288.4
mg............................. g................ 0.001
gr............................. lb............... 1.429 x 10-4
12.12 Isokinetic variation.
12.12.1 Calculation from raw data.
where
K4 = 0.003454 [(mm Hg)(m3)]/[(m1)( deg.K)] for metric units;
= 0.002669 [(in Hg)(ft3)]/[(m1)( deg.R)] for English units.
12.12.2 Calculation from intermediate values.
where
K5 = 4.320 for metric units;
= 0.09450 for English units.
12.12.3 Acceptable results. If 90 percent I
110 percent, the results are acceptable. If the PM or MCEM results are low in comparison to the standard, and
``I'' is over 110 percent or less than 90 percent, the Administrator may opt to accept the results. Reference 4 in
the Bibliography may be used to make acceptability judgments. If ``I'' is judged to be unacceptable, reject the
results, and repeat the test.
12.13 Stack gas velocity and volumetric flow rate. Calculate the average stack gas velocity and volumetric
flow rate, if needed, using data obtained in this method and the equations in sections 5.2 and 5.3 of Method 2,
40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
12.14 MCEM results. Determine the MCEM concentration from the results from Containers 1, 2, 2M, 3W,
and 3S less the acetone, methylene chloride, and filter blanks value as determined in the following equation:
mmcem = total - wa - wt - fb
13.0 Method Performance. [Reserved]
14.0 Pollution Prevention. [Reserved]
15.0 Waste Management. [Reserved]
16.0 Alternative Procedures.
16.1 Dry gas meter as a calibration standard. A DGM may be used as a calibration standard for volume
measurements in place of the wet test meter specified in section 16.1 of this method, provided that it is
calibrated initially and recalibrated periodically as follows:
16.1.1 Standard dry gas meter calibration.
16.1.1.1. The DGM to be calibrated and used as a secondary reference meter should be of high quality and
have an appropriately sized capacity, e.g., 3 liters/rev (0.1 ft 3/rev). A spirometer (400 liters or more capacity),
or equivalent, may be used for this calibration, although a wet test meter is usually more practical.
The wet test meter should have a capacity of 30 liters/rev (1 ft 3/rev) and be capable of measuring volume to
within 1.0 percent; wet test meters should be checked against a spirometer or a liquid displacement meter to
ensure the accuracy of the wet test meter. Spirometers or wet test meters of other sizes may be used, provided
that the specified accuracies of the procedure are maintained.
16.1.1.2 Set up the components as shown in Figure 5-7 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. A
spirometer, or equivalent, may be used in place of the wet test meter in the system. Run the pump for at least
5 minutes at a flow rate of about 10 liters/min (0.35 cfm) to condition the interior surface of the wet test
meter. The pressure drop indicated by the manometer at the inlet side of the DGM should be minimized (no
greater than 100 mm H2O [4 in. H2O] at a flow rate of 30 liters/min [1 cfm]). This can be accomplished by
using large-diameter tubing connections and straight pipe fittings.
16.1.1.3 Collect the data as shown in the example data sheet (see Figure 5-8 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A). Make triplicate runs at each of the flow rates and at no less than five different flow rates. The
range of flow rates should be between 10 and 34 liters/min (0.35 and 1.2 cfm) or over the expected operating
range.
16.1.1.4 Calculate flow rate, Q, for each run using the wet test meter volume, Vw, and the run time, q.
Calculate the DGM coefficient, Yds, for each run. These calculations are as follows:
Where
K1 = 0.3858 for international system of units (SI); 17.64
for English units;
Pbar = Barometric pressure, mm Hg (in Hg);
Vw = Wet test meter volume, liter (ft\3\);
tw = Average wet test meter temperature, ºC ( ºF);
tstd = 273 ºC for SI units; 460'F for English units;
= Run time, min;
tds = Average dry gas meter temperature, ºC ( ºF);
Vds = Dry gas meter volume, liter (ft\3\);
p = Dry gas meter inlet differential pressure, mm H2O (in H2O).
16.1.1.5 Compare the three Yds values at each of the flow rates and determine the maximum and
minimum values. The difference between the maximum and minimum values at each flow rate should be no
greater than 0.030. Extra sets of triplicate runs may be made in order to complete this requirement. In
addition, the meter coefficients should be between 0.95 and 1.05. If these specifications cannot be met in three
sets of successive triplicate runs, the meter is not suitable as a calibration standard and should not be used as
such. If these specifications are met, average the three Yds values at each flow rate resulting in five average
meter coefficients, Yds.
16.1.1.6 Prepare a curve of meter coefficient, Yds, versus flow rate, Q, for the DGM. This curve shall be
used as a reference when the meter is used to calibrate other DGMs and todetermine whether recalibration is
required.
16.1.2 Standard dry gas meter recalibration.
16.1.2.1 Recalibrate the standard DGM against a wet test meter or spirometer annually or after every 200
hours of operation, whichever comes first. This requirement is valid provided the standard DGM is kept in a
laboratory and, if transported, cared for as any other laboratory instrument. Abuse to the standard meter may
cause a change in the calibration and will require more frequent recalibrations.
16.1.2.2 As an alternative to full recalibration, a two-point calibration check may be made. Follow the
same procedure and equipment arrangement as for a full recalibration, but run the meter at only two flow rates
(suggested rates are 14 and 28 liters/min [0.5 and 1.0 cfm]). Calculate the meter coefficients for these two
points, and compare the values with the meter calibration curve. If the two coefficients are within 1.5 percent
of the calibration curve values at the same flow rates, the meter need not be recalibrated until the next date for
a recalibration check.
6.2 Critical orifices as calibration standards. Critical orifices may be used as calibration standards in place
of the wet test meter specified in section 10.3 of this method, provided that they are selected, calibrated, and
used as follows:
16.2.1 Selection of critical orifices.
16.2.1.1 The procedure that follows describes the use of hypodermic needles or stainless steel needle
tubing that has been found suitable for use as critical orifices. Other materials and critical orifice designs may
be used provided the orifices act as true critical orifices; i.e., a critical vacuum can be obtained, as described
in section 7.2.2.2.3 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Select five critical orifices that are
appropriately sized to cover the range of flow rates between 10 and 34 liters/min or the expected operating
range. Two of the critical orifices should bracket the expected operating range. A minimum of three critical
orifices will be needed to calibrate a Method 5 DGM; the other two critical orifices can serve as spares and
provide better selection for bracketing the range of operating flow rates. The needle sizes and tubing lengths
shown in Table 315-1 give the approximate flow rates indicated in the table.
16.2.1.2 These needles can be adapted to a Method 5 type sampling train as follows: Insert a serum bottle
stopper, 13 x 20 mm sleeve type, into a 0.5 in Swagelok quick connect. Insert the needle into the stopper as
shown in Figure 5-9 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
16.2.2 Critical orifice calibration. The procedure described in this section uses the Method 5 meter box
configuration with a DGM as described in section 6.1.1.9 of this method to calibrate the critical orifices.
Other schemes may be used, subject to the approval of the Administrator.
16.2.2.1 Calibration of meter box. The critical orifices must be calibrated in the same configuration as they
will be used; i.e., there should be no connections to the inlet of the orifice.
16.2.2.1.1 Before calibrating the meter box, leak-check the system as follows: Fully open the coarse adjust
valve and completely close the bypass valve. Plug the inlet. Then turn on the pump and determine whether
there is any leakage. The leakage rate shall be zero; i.e., no detectable movement of the DGM dial shall be
seen for 1 minute.
16.2.2.1.2 Check also for leakages in that portion of the sampling train between the pump and the orifice
meter. See section
5.6 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A for the procedure; make any corrections, if necessary. If
leakage is detected, check for cracked gaskets, loose fittings, worn 0-rings, etc. and make the necessary
repairs.
16.2.2.1.3 After determining that the meter box is leakless, calibrate the meter box according to the
procedure given in section
5.3 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Make sure that the wet test meter meets the requirements stated
in section 7.1.1.1 of
Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Check the water level in the wet test meter. Record the DGM
calibration factor, Y.
16.2.2.2 Calibration of critical orifices. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 5-10 of Method 5, 40 CFR
part 60, appendix A.
16.2.2.2.1 Allow a warm-up time of 15 minutes. This step is important to equilibrate the temperature
conditions through the DGM.
16.2.2.2.2 Leak-check the system as in section 7.2.2.1.1 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. The
leakage rate shall be zero.
16.2.2.2.3 Before calibrating the critical orifice, determine its suitability and the appropriate operating
vacuum as follows: turn on the pump, fully open the coarse adjust valve, and adjust the bypass valve to give a
vacuum reading corresponding to about half of atmospheric pressure. Observe the meter box orifice
manometer reading, DH. Slowly increase the vacuum reading until a stable reading is obtained on the meter
box orifice manometer. Record the critical vacuum for each orifice. Orifices that do not reach a critical value
shall not be used.
16.2.2.2.4 Obtain the barometric pressure using a barometer as described in section 6.1.2 of this method.
Record the barometric pressure, Pbar, in mm Hg (in. Hg).
16.2.2.2.5 Conduct duplicate runs at a vacuum of 25 to 50 mm Hg (1 to 2 in. Hg) above the critical
vacuum. The runs shall be at least 5 minutes each. The DGM volume readings shall be in increments of
complete revolutions of the DGM. As a guideline, the times should not differ by more than 3.0 seconds (this
includes allowance for changes in the DGM temperatures) to achieve 0.5 percent in K'. Record the
information listed in Figure 5-11 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
16.2.2.2.6 Calculate K' using Equation 315-11.
where
K' = Critical orifice coefficient, [m\3\)( deg.K)1/2]/[(mm Hg)(min)] {[(ft\3\)( deg.R)1/2)]/[(in. Hg)(min)]};
Tamb = Absolute ambient temperature, deg.K ( deg.R).
16.2.2.2.7 Average the K' values. The individual K' values should not differ by more than 0.5 percent from
the average.
16.2.3 Using the critical orifices as calibration standards.
16.2.3.1 Record the barometric pressure.
16.2.3.2 Calibrate the metering system according to the procedure outlined in sections 7.2.2.2.1 to
7.2.2.2.5 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Record the information listed in Figure 5-12 of Method
5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
16.2.3.3 Calculate the standard volumes of air passed through the DGM and the critical orifices, and
calculate the DGM calibration factor, Y, using the equations below:
Vm(std) = K1 Vm [Pbar + (H/13.6)]/Tm Eq. 315-12
Vcr(std) = K' (Pbar )/Tamb1/2 Eq. 315-13
Y = Vcr(std)/Vm(std) Eq. 315-14
where
Vcr(std) = Volume of gas sample passed through the critical orifice, corrected to standard conditions, dscm
(dscf).
K' = 0.3858 deg.K/mm Hg for metric units
= 17.64 deg.R/in Hg for English units.
16.2.3.4 Average the DGM calibration values for each of the flow rates. The calibration factor, Y, at each
of the flow rates should not differ by more than 2 percent from the average.
16.2.3.5 To determine the need for recalibrating the critical orifices, compare the DGM Y factors obtained
from two adjacent orifices each time a DGM is calibrated; for example, when checking orifice 13/2.5, use
orifices 12/10.2 and 13/5.1. If any critical orifice yields a DGM Y factor differing by more than 2 percent
from the others, recalibrate the critical orifice according to section 7.2.2.2 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A.
17.0 References.
1. Addendum to Specifications for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities. PHS, NCAPC. December 6,
1967.
2. Martin, Robert M. Construction Details of Isokinetic Source-Sampling Equipment. Environmental
Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. APTD-0581. April 1971.
3. Rom, Jerome J. Maintenance, Calibration, and Operation of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment.
Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. APTD-0576. March 1972.
4. Smith, W.S., R.T. Shigehara, and W.F. Todd. A Method of Interpreting Stack Sampling Data. Paper
Presented at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis, MO. June 14-19,
1970.
5. Smith, W.S., et al. Stack Gas Sampling Improved and Simplified With New Equipment. APCA Paper
No. 67-119. 1967.
6. Specifications for Incinerator Testing at Federal Facilities. PHS, NCAPC. 1967.
7. Shigehara, R.T. Adjustment in the EPA Nomograph for Different Pitot Tube Coefficients and Dry
Molecular Weights. Stack Sampling News 2:4-11. October 1974.
8. Vollaro, R.F. A Survey of Commercially Available Instrumentation for the Measurement of Low-Range
Gas Velocities. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Measurement Branch. Research Triangle
Park, NC. November 1976 (unpublished paper).
9. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Part 26. Gaseous Fuels; Coal and Coke; Atmospheric Analysis.
American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia, PA. 1974. pp. 617-622.
10. Felix, L.G., G.I. Clinard, G.E. Lacy, and J.D. McCain. Inertial Cascade Impactor Substrate Media for
Flue Gas Sampling. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Publication
No. EPA-600/7-77-060. June 1977. 83 p.
11. Westlin, P.R., and R.T. Shigehara. Procedure for Calibrating and Using Dry Gas Volume Meters as
Calibration Standards. Source Evaluation Society Newsletter. 3(1):17-30. February 1978.
12. Lodge, J.P., Jr., J.B. Pate, B.E. Ammons, and G.A. Swanson. The Use of Hypodermic Needles as
Critical Orifices in Air Sampling. J. Air Pollution Control Association. 16:197-200. 1966.
18.0 Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts, and Validation Data
TABLE 315-1. Flow Rates for Various Needle Sizes and Tube Lengths.
Flow rate Flow rate
Gauge/length (cm) (liters/ Gauge/length (cm) (liters/
min) min)
12/7.6........................................ 32.56 14/2.5................................ 19.54
12/10.2....................................... 30.02 14/5.1................................ 17.27
13/2.5........................................ 25.77 14/7.6................................ 16.14
13/5.1........................................ 23.50 15/3.2................................ 14.16
13/7.6........................................ 22.37 15/7.6................................ 11.61
13/10.2....................................... 20.67 115/10.2.............................. 10.48
Particulate Analysis
Plant..................................... ....................................................................
Date...................................... ....................................................................
Run No.................................... ....................................................................
Filter No................................. ....................................................................
Amount liquid lost during transport....... ....................................................................
Acetone blank volume (ml)................. ....................................................................
Acetone blank concentration (Eq. 315-4) ....................................................................
(mg/mg).
Acetone wash blank (Eq. 315-5) (mg)....... ....................................................................
Final weight Tare weight Weight gain
(mg) (mg) (mg)
Container No. 1.............. .............
Container No. 2.............. .............
Total.................... .............
Less Acetone blank........... .............
Weight of particulate matter. .............
Final volume Initial Liquid
(mg) volume (mg) collected
(mg)
Moisture Analysis
Impingers.................... Note 1 Note 1
Silica gel................... .............
Total.................... .............
Note 1: Convert volume of
water to weight by
multiplying by the density
of water (1 g/ml).
Tare of Methylene
Container No. Final aluminum Weight gain Acetone wash chloride wash
weight (mg) dish (mg) volume (ml) volume (ml)
MCEM Analysis
1...............................
2+2M............................
3W..............................
3S..............................
Total....................... ........... ........... <3-ln-grk-Smtot <3-ln-grk-SVaw <3-ln-grk-SVtw
al
Less acetone wash blank (mg) (not to exceed 1 mg/l of wa = capa <3-ln-grk-SVaw acetone used).
Less methylene chloride wash blank (mg) (not to exceed wt = ctpt <3-ln-grk-SVtw
1.5 mg/l of methylene chloride used).
Less filter blank (mg) (not to exceed . . . (mg/ Fb
filter).
MCEM weight (mg)...................................... mMCEOM = <3-ln-grk-Smtotal - wa - wt - fb
Appendix A to Subpart LL- Applicability to General Provisions
§ 63.1 Applicability.
(a) General.
(1) Terms used throughout this part are defined in § 63.2 or in the Clean Air Act (Act)as amended in
1990, except that individual subparts of this part may include specific definitions in addition to or that
supersede definitions in § 63.2.
(2) This part contains national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) established
pursuant to section 112 of the Act as amended November 15, 1990. These standards regulate specific
categories of stationary sources that emit (or have the potential to emit) one or more hazardous air pollutants
listed in this part pursuant to section 112(b) of the Act. This section explains the applicability of such
standards to sources affected by them. The standards in this part are independent of NESHAP contained in 40
CFR part 61. The NESHAP in part 61 promulgated by signature of the Administrator before November 15,
1990 (i.e., the date of enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990) remain in effect until they are
amended, if appropriate, and added to this part.
(3) No emission standard or other requirement established under this part shall be interpreted,
construed, or applied to diminish or replace the requirements of a more stringent emission limitation or other
applicable requirement established by the Administrator pursuant to other authority of the Act (section 111,
part C or D or any other authority of this Act), or a standard issued under State authority. The Administrator
may specify in a specific standard under this part that facilities subject to other provisions under the Act need
only comply with the provisions of that standard.
(4) (i) Each relevant standard in this part 63 must identify explicitly whether each provision in
this subpart A is or is not included in such relevant standard.
(ii) If a relevant part 63 standard incorporates the requirements of 40 CFR part 60, part 61, or
other part 63 standards, the relevant part 63 standard must identify explicitly the applicability of each
corresponding part 60,part 61, or other part 63 subpart A (General) Provision.
(iii) The General Provisions in this Subpart A do not apply to regulations developed pursuant
to section112(r) of the amended Act., unless otherwise specified in those regulations.
(5) [Reserved]
(6) To obtain the most current list of categories of sources to be regulated under section 112 of the
Act, or to obtain the most recent regulation promulgation schedule established pursuant to section 112(e) of
the Act, contact the Office of the Director, Emission Standards Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, U.S. EPA (MD–13), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.
(7) Reserved
(8) Reserved
(9) [Reserved]
(10) For the purposes of this part, time periods specified in days shall be measured in calendar days,
even if the word ‘‘calendar’’ is absent, unless otherwise specified in an applicable requirement.
(11) For the purposes of this part, if an explicit postmark deadline is not specified in an applicable
requirement for the submittal of a notification, application, test plan, report, or other written communication
to the Administrator, the owner or operator shall postmark the submittal on or before the number of days
specified in the applicable requirement. For example, if a notification must be submitted 15 days before a
particular event is scheduled to take place, the notification shall be postmarked on or before 15 days
preceding the event; likewise, if a notification must be submitted 15 days after a particular event takes place,
the notification shall be postmarked on or before 15 days following the end of the event. The use of reliable
non-Government mail carriers that provide indications of verifiable delivery of information required to be
submitted to the Administrator, similar to the postmark provided by the U.S. Postal Service, or alternative
means of delivery agreed to by the permitting authority, is acceptable.
(12) Notwithstanding time periods or postmark deadlines specified in this part for the submittal of
information to the Administrator by an owner or operator, or the review of such information by the
Administrator, such time periods or deadlines may be changed by mutual agreement between the owner or
operator and the Administrator. Procedures governing the implementation of this provision are specified in §
63.9(i).
(13) Reserved
(14) Reserved
(b) Initial applicability determination for this part.
(1) The provisions of this part apply to the owner or operator of any stationary source that -
(i) Emits or has the potential to emit any hazardous air pollutant listed in or pursuant to
section 112(b) of the Act; and
(ii) Is subject to any standard, limitation, prohibition, or other federally enforceable
requirement established pursuant to this part.
(2) [Reserved]
(3) An owner or operator of a stationary source who is in the relevant source category and who
determines that the source is not subject to a relevant standard or other requirement established under this
part, must keep a record as specified in § 63.10(b)(3).
(c) Applicability of this part after a relevant standard has been set under this part.
(1) If a relevant standard has been established under this part, the owner or operator of an affected
source must comply with the provisions of that standard and of this subpart as provided in paragraph (a)(4) of
this section.
(2) All are major sources.
(3) [Reserved]
(4) Reserved
(5) If an area source that otherwise would be subject to an emission standard or other requirement
established under this part if it were a major source subsequently increases its emissions of hazardous air
pollutants (or its potential to emit hazardous air pollutants) such that the source is a major source that is
subject to the emission standard or other requirement, such source also shall be subject to the notification
requirements of this subpart.
(d) [Reserved]
(e) If the Administrator promulgates an emission standard under section 112(d) or (h) of the Act that is
applicable to a source subject to an emission limitation by permit established under section 112(j) of the Act,
and the requirements under the section 112(j) emission limitation are substantially as effective as the
promulgated emission standard, the owner or operator may request the permitting authority to revise the
source's title V permit to reflect that the emission limitation in the permit satisfies the requirements of the
promulgated emission standard. The process by which the permitting authority determines whether the section
112(j) emission limitation is substantially as effective as the promulgated emission standard must include,
consistent with part 70 or 71 of this chapter, the opportunity for full public, EPA, and affected State review
(including the opportunity for EPA's objection) prior to the permit revision being finalized. A negative
determination by the permitting authority constitutes final action for purposes of review and appeal under the
applicable title V operating permit program.
§ 63.2 Definitions.
The terms used in this part are defined in the Act or in this section as follows:
Act means the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq., as amended by Pub. L. 101–549, 104 Stat.
2399).
Actual emissions is defined in subpart D of this part for the purpose of granting a compliance
extension for an early reduction of hazardous air pollutants.
Administrator means the Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency or his
or her authorized representative (e.g., a State that has been delegated the authority to implement the
provisions of this part).
Affected source, for the purposes of this part, means the collection of equipment, activities, or both
within a single contiguous area and under common control that is included in a section 112(c) source category
or subcategory for which a section 112(d) standard or other relevant standard is established pursuant to
section 112 of the Act. Each relevant standard will define the "affected source," as defined in this paragraph
unless a different definition is warranted based on a published justification as to why this definition would
result in significant administrative, practical, or implementation problems and why the different definition
would resolve those problems. The term "affected source," as used in this part, is separate and distinct from
any other use of that term in EPA regulations such as those implementing title IV of the Act. Affected source
may be defined differently for part 63 than affected facility and stationary source in parts 60 and 61,
respectively. This definition of "affected source," and the procedures for adopting an alternative definition of
"affected source," shall apply to each section 112(d) standard for which the initial proposed rule is signed by
the Administrator after June 30, 2002.
Alternative emission limitation means conditions established pursuant to sections 112(i)(5) or
112(i)(6) of the Act by the Administrator or by a State with an approved permit program.
Alternative emission standard means an alternative means of emission limitation that, after notice and
opportunity for public comment, has been demonstrated by an owner or operator to the Administrator’s
satisfaction to achieve a reduction in emissions of any air pollutant at least equivalent to the reduction in
emissions of such pollutant achieved under a relevant design, equipment, work practice, or operational
emission standard, or combination thereof, established under this part pursuant to section 112(h) of the Act.
Alternative test method means any method of sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant that is not a
test method in this chapter and that has been demonstrated to the Administrator’s satisfaction, using Method
301 in Appendix A of this part, to produce results adequate for the Administrator’s determination that it may
be used in place of a test method specified in this part.
Approved permit program means a State permit program approved by the Administrator as meeting
the requirements of part 70 of this chapter or a Federal permit program established in this chapter pursuant to
title V of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7661).
Area source means any stationary source of hazardous air pollutants that is not a major source as
defined in this part.
Commenced means, with respect to construction or reconstruction of an affected source, that an
owner or operator has undertaken a continuous program of construction or reconstruction or that an owner or
operator has entered into a contractual obligation to undertake and complete, within a reasonable time, a
continuous program of construction or reconstruction.
Compliance date means the date by which an affected source is required to be in compliance with a
relevant standard, limitation, prohibition, or any federally enforceable requirement established by the
Administrator (or a State with an approved permit program) pursuant to section 112 of the Act.
Compliance schedule means:
(1) In the case of an affected source that is in compliance with all applicable requirements established
under this part, a statement that the source will continue to comply with such requirements; or
(2) In the case of an affected source that is required to comply with applicable requirements by a
future date, a statement that the source will meet such requirements on a timely basis and, if required by an
applicable requirement, a detailed schedule of the dates by which each step toward compliance will be
reached; or
(3) In the case of an affected source not in compliance with all applicable requirements established
under this part, a schedule of remedial measures, including an enforceable sequence of actions or operations
with milestones and a schedule for the submission of certified progress reports, where applicable, leading to
compliance with a relevant standard, limitation, prohibition, or any federally enforceable requirement
established pursuant to section 112 of the Act for which the affected source is not in compliance. This
compliance schedule shall resemble and be at least as stringent as that contained in any judicial consent
decree or administrative order to which the source is subject. Any such schedule of compliance shall be
supplemental to, and shall not sanction non-compliance with, the applicable requirements on which it is
based.
Construction means the on-site fabrication, erection, or installation of an affected source.
Construction does not include the removal of all equipment comprising an affected source from an existing
location and reinstallation of such equipment at a new location. The owner or operator of an existing affected
source that is relocated may elect not to reinstall minor ancillary equipment including, but not limited to,
piping, ductwork, and valves. However, removal and reinstallation of an affected source will be construed as
reconstruction if it satisfies the criteria for reconstruction as defined in this section. The costs of replacing
minor ancillary equipment must be considered in determining whether the existing affected source is
reconstructed.
Continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) means the total equipment that may be required to
meet the data acquisition and availability requirements of this part, used to sample, condition (if applicable),
analyze, and provide a record of emissions.
Continuous monitoring system (CMS) is a comprehensive term that may include, but is not limited to,
continuous emission monitoring systems, continuous opacity monitoring systems, continuous parameter
monitoring systems, or other manual or automatic monitoring that is used for demonstrating compliance with
an applicable regulation on a continuous basis as defined by the regulation.
Continuous opacity monitoring system (COMS) means a continuous monitoring system that measures
the opacity of emissions.
Continuous parameter monitoring system means the total equipment that may be required to meet the
data acquisition and availability requirements of this part, used to sample, condition (if applicable), analyze,
and provide a record of process or control system parameters.
Effective date means:
(1) With regard to an emission standard established under this part, the date of promulgation in the
FEDERAL REGISTER of such standard; or
(2) With regard to an alternative emission limitation or equivalent emission limitation determined by
the Administrator (or a State with an approved permit program), the date that the alternative emission
limitation or equivalent emission limitation becomes effective according to the provisions of this part.
Emission standard means a national standard, limitation, prohibition, or other regulation promulgated
in a subpart of this part pursuant to sections 112(d), 112(h), or 112(f) of the Act.
Emissions averaging is a way to comply with the emission limitations specified in a relevant
standard, whereby an affected source, if allowed under a subpart of this part, may create emission credits by
reducing emissions from specific points to a level below that required by the relevant standard, and those
credits are used to offset emissions from points that are not controlled to the level required by the relevant
standard.
EPA means the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Equivalent emission limitation means any maximum achievable control technology emission
limitation or requirements which are applicable to a major source of hazardous air pollutants and are adopted
by the Administrator (or a State with an approved permit program) on a case-by-case basis, pursuant to
section 112(g) or (j) of the Act.
Excess emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report is a report that must be
submitted periodically by an affected source in order to provide data on its compliance with relevant emission
limits, operating parameters, and the performance of its continuous parameter monitoring systems.
Existing source means any affected source that is not a new source.
Federally enforceable means all limitations and conditions that are enforceable by the Administrator
and citizens under the Act or that are enforceable under other statutes administered by the Administrator.
Examples of federally enforceable limitations and conditions include, but are not limited to:
(1) Emission standards, alternative emission standards, alternative emission limitations, and
equivalent emission limitations established pursuant to section 112 of the Act as amended in 1990;
(2) New source performance standards established pursuant to section 111 of the Act, and emission
standards established pursuant to section 112 of the Act before it was amended in 1990;
(3) All terms and conditions in a title V permit, including any provisions that limit a source’s
potential to emit, unless expressly designated as not federally enforceable;
(4) Limitations and conditions that are part of an approved State Implementation Plan (SIP) or a
Federal Implementation Plan (FIP);
(5) Limitations and conditions that are part of a Federal construction permit issued under 40 CFR
52.21 or any construction permit issued under regulations approved by the EPA in accordance with 40 CFR
part 51;
(6) Limitations and conditions that are part of an operating permit where the permit and the
permitting program pursuant to which it was issued meet all of the following criteria:
(i) The operating permit program has been submitted to and approved by EPA into a State
implementation plan (SIP) under section 110 of the CAA;
(ii) The SIP imposes a legal obligation that operating permit holders adhere to the terms and
limitations of such permits and provides that permits which do not conform to the operating permit
program requirements and the requirements of EPA's underlying regulations may be deemed not
"federally enforceable" by EPA;
(iii) The operating permit program requires that all emission limitations, controls, and other
requirements imposed by such permits will be at least as stringent as any other applicable limitations
and requirements contained in the SIP or enforceable under the SIP, and that the program may not
issue permits that waive, or make less stringent, any limitations or requirements contained in or issued
pursuant to the SIP, or that are otherwise "federally enforceable";
(iv) The limitations, controls, and requirements in the permit in question are permanent,
quantifiable, and otherwise enforceable as a practical matter; and
(v) The permit in question was issued only after adequate and timely notice and opportunity
for comment for EPA and the public.
(7) Limitations and conditions in a State rule or program that has been approved by the EPA under
subpart E of this part for the purposes of implementing and enforcing section 112; and
(8) Individual consent agreements that the EPA has legal authority to create.
Fixed capital cost means the capital needed to provide all the depreciable components of an existing
source.
Fugitive emissions means those emissions from a stationary source that could not reasonably pass
through a stack, chimney, vent, or other functionally equivalent opening. Under section 112 of the Act, all
fugitive emissions are to be considered in determining whether a stationary source is a major source.
Hazardous air pollutant means any air pollutant listed in or pursuant to section 112(b) of the Act.
Issuance of a part 70 permit will occur, if the State is the permitting authority, in accordance with the
requirements of part 70 of this chapter and the applicable, approved State permit program. When the EPA is
the permitting authority, issuance of a title V permit occurs immediately after the EPA takes final action on
the final permit.
Major source means any stationary source or group of stationary sources located within a contiguous
area and under common control that emits or has the potential to emit considering controls, in the aggregate,
10 tons per year or more of any hazardous air pollutant or 25 tons per year or more of any combination of
hazardous air pollutants, unless the Administrator establishes a lesser quantity, or in the case of radionuclides,
different criteria from those specified in this sentence.
Malfunction means any sudden, infrequent, and not reasonably preventable failure of air pollution
control and monitoring equipment, process equipment, or a process to operate in a normal or usual manner
which causes, or has the potential to cause, the emission limitations in an applicable standard to be exceeded.
Failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or careless operation are not malfunctions.
Monitoring means the collection and use of measurement data or other information to control the
operation of a process or pollution control device or to verify a work practice standard relative to assuring
compliance with applicable requirements. Monitoring is composed of four elements:
(1) Indicator(s) of performance -- the parameter or parameters you measure or observe for
demonstrating proper operation of the pollution control measures or compliance with the applicable
emissions limitation or standard. Indicators of performance may include direct or predicted emissions
measurements (including opacity), operational parametric values that correspond to process or control
device (and capture system) efficiencies or emissions rates, and recorded findings of inspection of
work practice activities, materials tracking, or design characteristics. Indicators may be expressed as a
single maximum or minimum value, a function of process variables (for example, within a range of
pressure drops), a particular operational or work practice status (for example, a damper position,
completion of a waste recovery task, materials tracking), or an interdependency between two or
among more than two variables.
(2) Measurement techniques -- the means by which you gather and record information of or
about the indicators of performance. The components of the measurement technique include the
detector type, location and installation specifications, inspection procedures, and quality assurance
and quality control measures. Examples of measurement techniques include continuous emission
monitoring systems, continuous opacity monitoring systems, continuous parametric monitoring
systems, and manual inspections that include making records of process conditions or work practices.
(3) Monitoring frequency -- the number of times you obtain and record monitoring data over
a specified time interval. Examples of monitoring frequencies include at least four points equally
spaced for each hour for continuous emissions or parametric monitoring systems, at least every 10
seconds for continuous opacity monitoring systems, and at least once per operating day (or week,
month, etc.) for work practice or design inspections.
(4) Averaging time -- the period over which you average and use data to verify proper
operation of the pollution control approach or compliance with the emissions limitation or standard.
Examples of averaging time include a 3-hour average in units of the emissions limitation, a 30-day
rolling average emissions value, a daily average of a control device operational parametric range, and
an instantaneous alarm.
New affected source means the collection of equipment, activities, or both within a single contiguous
area and under common control that is included in a section 112(c) source category or subcategory that is
subject to a section 112(d) or other relevant standard for new sources. This definition of "new affected
source," and the criteria to be utilized in implementing it, shall apply to each section 112(d) standard for
which the initial proposed rule is signed by the Administrator after June 30, 2002. Each relevant standard will
define the term "new affected source," which will be the same as the "affected source" unless a different
collection is warranted based on consideration of factors including:
(1) Emission reduction impacts of controlling individual sources versus groups of sources;
(2) Cost effectiveness of controlling individual equipment;
(3) Flexibility to accommodate common control strategies;
(4) Cost/benefits of emissions averaging;
(5) Incentives for pollution prevention;
(6) Feasibility and cost of controlling processes that share common equipment (e.g., product
recovery devices);
(7) Feasibility and cost of monitoring; and
(8) Other relevant factors.
New source means any affected source the construction or reconstruction of which is commenced
after the Administrator first proposes a relevant emission standard under this part establishing an emission
standard applicable to such source.
One-hour period, unless otherwise defined in an applicable subpart, means any 60-minute period
commencing on the hour.
Opacity means the degree to which emissions reduce the transmission of light and obscure the view
of an object in the background. For continuous opacity monitoring systems, opacity means the fraction of
incident light that is attenuated by an optical medium.
Owner or operator means any person who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a stationary
source.
Performance audit means a procedure to analyze blind samples, the content of which is known by the
Administrator, simultaneously with the analysis of performance test samples in order to provide a measure of
test data quality.
Performance evaluation means the conduct of relative accuracy testing, calibration error testing, and
other measurements used in validating the continuous monitoring system data.
Performance test means the collection of data resulting from the execution of a test method (usually
three emission test runs) used to demonstrate compliance with a relevant emission standard as specified in the
performance test section of the relevant standard.
Permit modification means a change to a title V permit as defined in regulations codified in this
chapter to implement title V of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7661).
Permit program means a comprehensive State operating permit system established pursuant to title V
of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7661) and regulations codified in part 70 of this chapter and applicable State
regulations, or a comprehensive Federal operating permit system established pursuant to title V of the Act and
regulations codified in this chapter.
Permit revision means any permit modification or administrative permit amendment to a title V
permit as defined in regulations codified in this chapter to implement title V of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7661).
Permitting authority means:
(1) The State air pollution control agency, local agency, other State agency, or other agency
authorized by the Administrator to carry out a permit program under part 70 of this chapter; or
(2) The Administrator, in the case of EPA-implemented permit programs under title V of the Act (42
U.S.C. 7661).
Potential to emit means the maximum capacity of a stationary source to emit a pollutant under its
physical and operational design. Any physical or operational limitation on the capacity of the stationary
source to emit a pollutant, including air pollution control equipment and restrictions on hours of operation or
on the type or amount of material combusted, stored, or processed, shall be treated as part of its design if the
limitation or the effect it would have on emissions is federally enforceable.
Reconstruction is defined by subpart LL.
Regulation promulgation schedule means the schedule for the promulgation of emission standards
under this part, established by the Administrator pursuant to section 112(e) of the Act and published in the
FEDERAL REGISTER.
Relevant standard means:
(1) An emission standard;
(2) An alternative emission standard;
(3) An alternative emission limitation; or
(4) An equivalent emission limitation established pursuant to section 112 of the Act that applies to the
collection of equipment, activities, or both regulated by such standard or limitation. A relevant standard may
include or consist of a design, equipment, work practice, or operational requirement, or other measure,
process, method, system, or technique (including prohibition of emissions) that the Administrator (or a State)
establishes for new or existing sources to which such standard or limitation applies. Every relevant standard
established pursuant to section 112 of the Act includes subpart A of this part, as provided by § 63.1(a)(4),
and all applicable appendices of this part or of other parts of this chapter that are referenced in that standard.
Responsible official means one of the following:
(1) For a corporation: A president, secretary, treasurer, or vice president of the corporation in charge
of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy or decision-making
functions for the corporation, or a duly authorized representative of such person if the representative is
responsible for the overall operation of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities and
either:
(i) The facilities employ more than 250 persons or have gross annual sales or expenditures
exceeding $25 million (in second quarter 1980 dollars); or
(ii) The delegation of authority to such representative is approved in advance by the
Administrator.
(2) For a partnership or sole proprietorship: a general partner or the proprietor, respectively.
(3) For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency: either a principal executive officer or
ranking elected official. For the purposes of this part, a principal executive officer of a Federal agency
includes the chief executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal geographic
unit of the agency (e.g., a Regional Administrator of the EPA).
(4) For affected sources (as defined in this part) applying for or subject to a title V permit:
‘‘responsible official’’ shall have the same meaning as defined in part 70 or Federal title V regulations in this
chapter (42 U.S.C. 7661), whichever is applicable.
Run means one of a series of emission or other measurements needed to determine emissions for a
representative operating period or cycle as specified in this part.
Shutdown means the cessation of operation of an affected source or portion of an affected source for
any purpose.
Six-minute period means, with respect to opacity determinations, any one of the 10 equal parts of a 1-
hour period.
Standard conditions means a temperature of 293 oK (68° F) and a pressure of 101.3 kilopascals
(29.92 in. Hg).
Startup means the setting in operation of an affected source for any purpose.
State means all non-Federal authorities, including local agencies, interstate associations, and State-
wide programs, that have delegated authority to implement:
(1) The provisions of this part and/or
(2) the permit program established under part 70 of this chapter. The term State shall have its
conventional meaning where clear from the context.
Stationary source means any building, structure, facility, or installation which emits or may emit any
air pollutant.
Test method means the validated procedure for sampling, preparing, and analyzing for an air pollutant
specified in a relevant standard as the performance test procedure. The test method may include methods
described in an appendix of this chapter, test methods incorporated by reference in this part, or methods
validated for an application through procedures in Method 301 of appendix A of this part.
Title V permit means any permit issued, renewed, or revised pursuant to Federal or State regulations
established to implement title V of the Act (42 U.S.C. 7661). A title V permit issued by a State permitting
authority is called a part 70 permit in this part.
Visible emission means the observation of an emission of opacity or optical density above the
threshold of vision.
Working day means any day on which Federal Government offices (or State government offices for a
State that has obtained delegation under section 112(l)) are open for normal business. Saturdays, Sundays, and
official Federal (or where delegated, State) holidays are not working days.
§ 63.3 Units and abbreviations.
Used in this part are abbreviations and symbols of units of measure. These are defined as follows:
(a) System International (SI) units of measure:
A = ampere
g = gram
Hz = hertz
J = joule
°K = degree Kelvin
kg = kilogram
l = liter
m = meter
m 3 = cubic meter
mg = milligram = 10 -3 gram
ml = milliliter = 10 -3 liter
mm = millimeter = 10 -3 meter
Mg = megagram = 10 6 gram = metric ton
MJ = megajoule
mol = mole
N = newton
ng = nanogram = 10 -9 gram
nm = nanometer = 10 -9 meter
Pa = pascal
s = second
V = volt
W = watt
= ohm
g = microgram = 10 -6 gram
l = microliter = 10 -6 liter
(b) Other units of measure:
Btu = British thermal unit
°C = degree Celsius (centigrade)
cal = calorie
cfm = cubic feet per minute
cc = cubic centimeter
cu ft = cubic feet
d = day
dcf = dry cubic feet
dcm = dry cubic meter
dscf = dry cubic feet at standard conditions
dscm = dry cubic meter at standard conditions
eq = equivalent
°F = degree Fahrenheit
ft = feet
ft 2 = square feet
ft 3 = cubic feet
gal = gallon
gr = grain
g-eq = gram equivalent
g-mole = gram mole
hr = hour
in. = inch
in. H2O = inches of water
K = 1,000
kcal = kilocalorie
lb = pound
lpm = liter per minute
meq = milliequivalent
min = minute
MW = molecular weight
oz = ounces
ppb = parts per billion
ppbw = parts per billion by weight
ppbv = parts per billion by volume
ppm = parts per million
ppmw = parts per million by weight
ppmv = parts per million by volume
psia = pounds per square inch absolute
psig = pounds per square inch gage
°R = degree Rankine
scf = cubic feet at standard conditions
scfh = cubic feet at standard conditions per hour
scm = cubic meter at standard conditions
scmm= cubic meter at standard conditions per minute
sec = second
sq ft = square feet
std = at standard conditions
v/v = volume per volume
yd 2 = square yards
yr = year
(c) Miscellaneous:
act = actual
avg = average
I.D. = inside diameter
M = molar
N = normal
O.D. = outside diameter
% = percent
§ 63.4 Prohibited activities and circumvention.
(a) Prohibited activities.
(1) No owner or operator subject to the provisions of this part must operate any affected source in
violation of the requirements of this part. Affected sources subject to and in compliance with either an
extension of compliance or an exemption from compliance are not in violation of the requirements of this
part. An extension of compliance can be granted by the Administrator under this part; by a State with an
approved permit program; or by the President under section 112(i)(4) of the Act.
(2) No owner or operator subject to the provisions of this part shall fail to keep records, notify, report,
or revise reports as required under this part.
(3) [Reserved]
(4) [Reserved]
(5) [Reserved]
(b) Circumvention. No owner or operator subject to the provisions of this part shall build, erect,
install, or use any article, machine, equipment, or process to conceal an emission that would otherwise
constitute noncompliance with a relevant standard. Such concealment includes, but is not limited to
(1) The use of diluents to achieve compliance with a relevant standard based on the concentration of a
pollutant in the effluent discharged to the atmosphere;
(2) The use of gaseous diluents to achieve compliance with a relevant standard for visible emissions;
and
(3) [Reserved]
(c) Severability. Notwithstanding any requirement incorporated into a title V permit obtained
by an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this part, the provisions of this part are federally
enforceable.
§ 63.5 Construction and reconstruction.
(a) Applicability.
(1) This section implements the preconstruction review requirements of section
112(i)(1) for sources subject to a relevant emission standard that has been promulgated in this part. In
addition, this section includes other requirements for constructed and reconstructed stationary sources that are
or become subject to a relevant promulgated emission standard.
(2) After the effective date of a relevant standard promulgated under this part, the requirements in this
section apply to owners or operators who construct a new source or reconstruct a source after the proposal
date of that standard. New or reconstructed sources that start up before the standard’s effective date are not
subject to the preconstruction review requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(3), (d), and (e) of this section.
(b) Requirements for existing, newly constructed, and reconstructed sources.
(1) (1) A new affected source for which construction commences after proposal of a relevant
standard is subject to relevant standards for new affected sources, including compliance dates. An
affected source for which reconstruction commences after proposal of a relevant standard is
subject to relevant standards for new sources, including compliance dates, irrespective of any
change in emissions of hazardous air pollutants from that source.
(2) [Reserved]
(3) After the effective date of any relevant standard promulgated by the Administrator under this part,
no person may, without obtaining written approval in advance from the Administrator in accordance with the
procedures specified in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, do any of the following:
(i) Construct a new affected source that is major-emitting and subject to such standard;
(ii) Reconstruct an affected source that is major-emitting and subject to such standard; or
(iii) Reconstruct a major source such that the source becomes an affected source that is
major-emitting and subject to the standard.
(4) After the effective date of any relevant standard promulgated by the Administrator under this part,
an owner or operator who constructs a new affected source that is not major-emitting or reconstructs an
affected source that is not major-emitting that is subject to such standard, or reconstructs a source such that
the source becomes an affected source subject to the standard, must notify the Administrator of the intended
construction or reconstruction. The notification must be submitted in accordance with the procedures in
§ 63.9(b).
(5) [Reserved]
(6) After the effective date of any relevant standard promulgated by the Administrator under this part,
equipment added (or a process change) to an affected source that is within the scope of the definition of
affected source under the relevant standard must be considered part of the affected source and subject to all
provisions of the relevant standard established for that affected source.
(c) [Reserved]
(d) Application for approval of construction or reconstruction. The provisions of this paragraph implement
section 112(i)(1) of the Act.
(1) General application requirements.
(i) (i) An owner or operator who is subject to the requirements of
paragraph (b)(3) of this section must submit to the Administrator an application for
approval of the construction or reconstruction. The application must be submitted as
soon as practicable before actual construction or reconstruction begins. The
application for approval of construction or reconstruction may be used to fulfill the
initial notification requirements of § 63.9(b)(5). The owner or operator may submit
the application for approval well in advance of the date actual construction or
reconstruction begins in order to ensure a timely review by the Administrator and that
the planned date to begin will not be delayed.
(ii) A separate application shall be submitted for each construction or reconstruction. Each
application for approval of construction or reconstruction shall include at a minimum:
(A) The applicant’s name and address;
(B) A notification of intention to construct a new major affected source or make any
physical or operational change to a major affected source that may meet or has been determined to meet the
criteria for a reconstruction, as defined in § 63.2 or in the relevant standard;
(C) The address (i.e., physical location) or proposed address of the source;
(D) An identification of the relevant standard that is the basis of the application;
(E) The expected date of the beginning of actual construction or reconstruction;
(F) The expected completion date of the construction or reconstruction;
(G) [Reserved]
(H) The type and quantity of hazardous air pollutants emitted by the source, reported
in units and averaging times and in accordance with the test methods specified in the relevant standard, or if
actual emissions data are not yet available, an estimate of the type and quantity of hazardous air pollutants
expected to be emitted by the source reported in units and averaging times specified in the relevant standard.
The owner or operator may submit percent reduction information if a relevant standard is established in terms
of percent reduction. However, operating parameters, such as flow rate, shall be included in the submission to
the extent that they demonstrate performance and compliance; and
(I) [Reserved]
(J) Other information as specified in paragraphs (d)(2) and (d)(3) of this section.
(iii) An owner or operator who submits estimates or preliminary information in place of the
actual emissions data and analysis required in paragraphs (d)(1)(ii)(H) and (d)(2) of this section shall submit
the actual, measured emissions data and other correct information as soon as available but no later than with
the notification of compliance status required in § 63.9(h) (see § 63.9(h)(5)).
(2) Application for approval of construction. Each application for approval of construction must
include, in addition to the information required in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section, technical information
describing the proposed nature, size, design, operating design capacity, and method of operation of the source,
including an identification of each type of emission point for each type of hazardous air pollutant that is
emitted (or could reasonably be anticipated to be emitted) and a description of the planned air pollution
control system (equipment or method) for each emission point. The description of the equipment to be used
for the control of emissions must include each control device for each hazardous air pollutant and the
estimated control efficiency (percent) for each control device. The description of the method to be used for
the control of emissions must include an estimated control efficiency (percent) for that method. Such
technical information must include calculations of emission estimates in sufficient detail to permit assessment
of the validity of the calculations.
(3) Application for approval of reconstruction. Each application for approval of reconstruction shall
include, in addition to the information required in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section -
(i) A brief description of the affected source and the components that are to be replaced;
(ii) A description of present and proposed emission control systems (i.e., equipment or
methods). The description of the equipment to be used for the control of emissions shall include each control
device for each hazardous air pollutant and the estimated control efficiency (percent) for each control device.
The description of the method to be used for the control of emissions shall include an estimated control
efficiency (percent) for that method. Such technical information shall include calculations of emission
estimates in sufficient detail to permit assessment of the validity of the calculations;
(iii) An estimate of the fixed capital cost of the replacements and of constructing a
comparable entirely new source;
(iv) The estimated life of the affected source after the replacements; and
(v) A discussion of any economic or technical limitations the source may have in complying
with relevant standards or other requirements after the proposed replacements. The discussion shall be
sufficiently detailed to demonstrate to the Administrator’s satisfaction that the technical or economic
limitations affect the source’s ability to comply with the relevant standard and how they do so.
(vi) If in the application for approval of reconstruction the owner or operator designates the
affected source as a reconstructed source and declares that there are no economic or technical limitations to
prevent the source from complying with all relevant standards or other requirements, the owner or operator
need not submit the information required in paragraphs (d)(3)(iii) through (d)(3)(v) of this section.
(4) Additional information. The Administrator may request additional relevant information after the
submittal of an application for approval of construction or reconstruction.
(e) Approval of construction or reconstruction.
(1) (i) If the Administrator determines that, if properly constructed, or reconstructed, and
operated, a new or existing source for which an application under paragraph (d) of this section was submitted
will not cause emissions in violation of the relevant standard(s) and any other federally enforceable
requirements, the Administrator will approve the construction or reconstruction.
(ii) In addition, in the case of reconstruction, the Administrator’s determination under this
paragraph will be based on:
(A) The fixed capital cost of the replacements in comparison to the fixed capital cost
that would be required to construct a comparable entirely new source;
(B) The estimated life of the source after the re-placements compared to the life of a
comparable entirely new source;
(C) The extent to which the components being replaced cause or contribute to the
emissions from the source; and
(D) Any economic or technical limitations on compliance with relevant standards that
are inherent in the proposed replacements.
(2) (i) The Administrator will notify the owner or operator in writing of approval or intention to
deny approval of construction or reconstruction within 60 calendar days after receipt of sufficient information
to evaluate an application submitted under paragraph (d) of this section. The 60-day approval or denial period
will begin after the owner or operator has been notified in writing that his/her application is complete. The
Administrator will notify the owner or operator in writing of the status of his/her application, that is, whether
the application contains sufficient information to make a determination, within 30 calendar days after receipt
of the original application and within 30 calendar days after receipt of any supplementary information that is
submitted.
(ii) When notifying the owner or operator that his/her application is not complete, the
Administrator will specify the information needed to complete the application and provide notice of
opportunity for the applicant to present, in writing, within 30 calendar days after he/she is notified of the
incomplete application, additional information or arguments to the Administrator to enable further action on
the application.
(3) Before denying any application for approval of construction or reconstruction, the Administrator
will notify the applicant of the Administrator’s intention to issue the denial together with -
(i) Notice of the information and findings on which the intended denial is based; and
(ii) Notice of opportunity for the applicant to present, in writing, within 30 calendar days after
he/she is notified of the intended denial, additional information or arguments to the Administrator to enable
further action on the application.
(4) A final determination to deny any application for approval will be in writing and will specify the
grounds on which the denial is based. The final determination will be made within 60 calendar days of
presentation of additional information or arguments (if the application is complete), or within 60 calendar
days after the final date specified for presentation if no presentation is made.
(5) Neither the submission of an application for approval nor the Administrator’s approval of
construction or reconstruction shall -
(i) Relieve an owner or operator of legal responsibility for compliance with any applicable
provisions of this part or with any other applicable Federal, State, or local requirement; or
(ii) Prevent the Administrator from implementing or enforcing this part or taking any other
action under the Act.
(f) Approval of construction or reconstruction based on prior State preconstruction review.
(1) Preconstruction review procedures that a State utilizes for other purposes may also be utilized for
purposes of this section if the procedures are substantially equivalent to those specified in this section. The
Administrator will approve an application for construction or reconstruction specified in paragraphs (b)(3)
and (d) of this section if the owner or operator of a new affected source or reconstructed affected source, who
is subject to such requirement meets the following conditions:
(i) The owner or operator of the new affected source or reconstructed affected source has
undergone a preconstruction review and approval process in the State in which the source is (or
would be) located and has received a federally enforceable construction permit that contains a finding
that the source will meet the relevant promulgated emission standard, if the source is properly built
and operated.
(ii) Provide a statement from the State or other evidence (such as State regulations) that it
considered the factors specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this section.
(2) The owner or operator must submit to the Administrator the request for approval of construction or
reconstruction under this paragraph (f)(2) no later than the application deadline specified in paragraph (d)(1)
of this section (see also § 63.9(b)(2)). The owner or operator must include in the request information
sufficient for the Administrator's determination. The Administrator will evaluate the owner or operator's
request in accordance with the procedures specified in paragraph (e) of this section. The Administrator may
request additional relevant information after the submittal of a request for approval of construction or
reconstruction under this paragraph (f)(2).
§ 63.6 Compliance with standards and maintenance requirements.
(a) Applicability.
(1) The requirements in this section apply to the owner or operator of affected sources for which any
relevant standard has been established pursuant to section 112 of the Act and the applicability of such
requirements is set out in accordance with § 63.1(a)(4) unless --
(i) The Administrator (or a State with an approved permit program) has granted an extension
of compliance consistent with paragraph (i) of this section; or
(ii) The President has granted an exemption from compliance with any relevant standard in
accordance with section 112(i)(4) of the Act.
(2) If an area source that otherwise would be subject to an emission standard or other requirement
established under this part if it were a major source subsequently increases its emissions of hazardous air
pollutants (or its potential to emit hazardous air pollutants) such that the source is a major source, such source
shall be subject to the relevant emission standard or other requirement.
(b) Compliance dates for new and reconstructed sources.
(1) Except as specified in paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section, the owner or operator of a new or
reconstructed affected source for which construction or reconstruction commences after proposal of a relevant
standard that has an initial startup before the effective date of a relevant standard established under this part
pursuant to section 112(d), (f), or (h) of the Act must comply with such standard not later than the standard's
effective date.
(2) Except as specified in paragraphs (b)(3) and (4) of this section, the owner or operator of a new or
reconstructed affected source that has an initial startup after the effective date of a relevant standard
established under this part pursuant to section 112(d), (f), or (h) of the Act must comply with such standard
upon startup of the source.
(3) The owner or operator of an affected source for which construction or reconstruction is
commenced after the proposal date of a relevant standard established under this part pursuant to section
112(d), 112(f), or 112(h) of the Act but before the effective date (that is, promulgation) of such standard shall
comply with the relevant emission standard not later than the date 3 years after the effective date if:
(i) The promulgated standard (that is, the relevant standard) is more stringent than the
proposed standard; for purposes of this paragraph, a finding that controls or compliance methods are "more
stringent" must include control technologies or performance criteria and compliance or compliance assurance
methods that are different but are substantially equivalent to those required by the promulgated rule, as
determined by the Administrator (or his or her authorized representative); and
(ii) The owner or operator complies with the standard as proposed during the
3-year period immediately after the effective date.
(4) The owner or operator of an affected source for which construction or reconstruction is
commenced after the proposal date of a relevant standard established pursuant to section 112(d) of the Act but
before the proposal date of a relevant standard established pursuant to section 112(f) shall not be required to
comply with the section 112(f) emission standard until the date 10 years after the date construction or
reconstruction is commenced, except that, if the section 112(f) standard is promulgated more than 10 years
after construction or reconstruction is commenced, the owner or operator must comply with the standard as
provided in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section.
(5) The owner or operator of a new source that is subject to the compliance requirements of paragraph
(b)(3) or (4) of this section must notify the Administrator in accordance with § 63.9(d).
(6) [Reserved]
(7) When an area source becomes a major source by the addition of equipment or operations that meet
the definition of new affected source in the relevant standard, the portion of the existing facility that is a new
affected source must comply with all requirements of that standard applicable to new sources. The source
owner or operator must comply with the relevant standard upon startup.
(c) Compliance dates for existing sources.
(1) Subpart LL specifies compliance date for existing sources.
(2) If an existing source is subject to a standard established under this part pursuant to section 112(f)
of the Act, the owner or operator must comply with the standard by the date 90 days after the standard's
effective date, or by the date specified in an extension granted to the source by the Administrator under
paragraph (i)(4)(ii) of this section, whichever is later.
(3)–(4) [Reserved]
(5) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(7) of this section, the owner or operator of an area source that
increases its emissions of (or its potential to emit) hazardous air pollutants such that the source becomes a
major source shall be subject to relevant standards for existing sources. Such sources must comply by the date
specified in the standards for existing area sources that become major sources. If no such compliance date is
specified in the standards, the source shall have a period of time to comply with the relevant emission
standard that is equivalent to the compliance period specified in the relevant standard for existing sources in
existence at the time the standard becomes effective.
(d) [Reserved]
(e) Operation and maintenance requirements.
(1) (i) At all times, including periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, the owner or
operator must operate and maintain any affected source, including associated air pollution control equipment
and monitoring equipment, in a manner consistent with safety and good air pollution control practices for
minimizing emissions. During a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction, this general duty to minimize
emissions requires that the owner or operator reduce emissions from the affected source to the greatest extent
which is consistent with safety and good air pollution control practices. The general duty to minimize
emissions during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction does not require the owner or operator to
achieve emission levels that would be required by the applicable standard at other times if this is not
consistent with safety and good air pollution control practices, nor does it require the owner or operator to
make any further efforts to reduce emissions if levels required by the applicable standard have been achieved.
Determination of whether such operation and maintenance procedures are being used will be based on
information available to the Administrator which may include, but is not limited to, monitoring results, review
of operation and maintenance procedures (including the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan required in
paragraph (e)(3) of this section), review of operation and maintenance records, and inspection of the source.
(ii) Malfunctions must be corrected as soon as practicable after their occurrence in
accordance with the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan required in paragraph (e)(3) of this section. To
the extent that an unexpected event arises during a startup, shutdown, or malfunction, an owner or operator
must comply by minimizing emissions during such a startup, shutdown, and malfunction event consistent
with safety and good air pollution control practices.
(iii) Operation and maintenance requirements established pursuant to section 112 of the Act
are enforceable independent of emissions limitations or other requirements in relevant standards.
(2) [Reserved]
(3) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan.
(i)The owner or operator of an affected source must develop and implement a written startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes, in detail, procedures for operating and maintaining the
source during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, and a program of corrective action for
malfunctioning process and air pollution control and monitoring equipment used to comply with the
relevant standard.
(A) Ensure that, at all times, the owner or operator operates and maintains each
affected source, including associated air pollution control and monitoring equipment, in a manner which
satisfies the general duty to minimize emissions established by paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section;
(B) Ensure that owners or operators are prepared to correct malfunctions as soon as
practicable after their occurrence in order to minimize excess emissions of hazardous air pollutants; and
(C) Reduce the reporting burden associated with periods of startup, shutdown, and
malfunction (including corrective action taken to restore malfunctioning process and air pollution control
equipment to its normal or usual manner of operation).
(ii) During periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, the owner or operator of an
affected source must operate and maintain such source (including associated air pollution control and
monitoring equipment) in accordance with the procedures specified in the startup, shutdown, and malfunction
plan developed under paragraph (e)(3)(i) of this section.
(iii) When actions taken by the owner or operator during a startup, shutdown, or malfunction
(including actions taken to correct a malfunction) are consistent with the procedures specified in the affected
source's startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, the owner or operator must keep records for that event
which demonstrate that the procedures specified in the plan were followed. These records may take the form
of a "checklist," or other effective form of recordkeeping that confirms conformance with the startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan for that event. In addition, the owner or operator must keep records of these
events as specified in § 63.10(b), including records of the occurrence and duration of each startup, shutdown,
or malfunction of operation and each malfunction of the air pollution control and monitoring equipment.
Furthermore, the owner or operator shall confirm that actions taken during the relevant reporting period
during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction were consistent with the affected source’s startup,
shutdown and malfunction plan in the semiannual (or more frequent) startup, shutdown, and malfunction
report required in § 63.10(d)(5).
(iv) If an action taken by the owner or operator during a startup, shutdown, or malfunction
(including an action taken to correct a malfunction) is not consistent with the procedures specified in the
affected source's startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, and the source exceeds any applicable emission
limitation in the relevant emission standard, then the owner or operator must record the actions taken for that
event and must report such actions within 2 working days after commencing actions inconsistent with the
plan, followed by a letter within 7 working days after the end of the event, in accordance with Sec.
63.10(d)(5) (unless the owner or operator makes alternative reporting arrangements, in advance, with the
Administrator).
(v) The owner or operator must maintain at the affected source a current startup, shutdown,
and malfunction plan and must make the plan available upon request for inspection and copying by the
Administrator. In addition, if the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan is subsequently revised as provided
in paragraph (e)(3)(viii) of this section, the owner or operator must maintain at the affected source each
previous (i.e., superseded) version of the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, and must make each such
previous version available for inspection and copying by the Administrator for a period of 5 years after
revision of the plan. If at any time after adoption of a startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan the affected
source ceases operation or is otherwise no longer subject to the provisions of this part, the owner or operator
must retain a copy of the most recent plan for 5 years from the date the source ceases operation or is no longer
subject to this part and must make the plan available upon request for inspection and copying by the
Administrator. The Administrator may at any time request in writing that the owner or operator submit a
copy of any startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (or a portion thereof) which is maintained at the affected
source or in the possession of the owner or operator. Upon receipt of such a request, the owner or operator
must promptly submit a copy of the requested plan (or a portion thereof) to the Administrator. The
Administrator must request that the owner or operator submit a particular startup, shutdown, or malfunction
plan (or a portion thereof) whenever a member of the public submits a specific and reasonable request to
examine or to receive a copy of that plan or portion of a plan. The owner or operator may elect to submit the
required copy of any startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan to the Administrator in an electronic format. If
the owner or operator claims that any portion of such a startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan is
confidential business information entitled to protection from disclosure under section 114(c) of the Act or 40
CFR 2.301, the material which is claimed as confidential must be clearly designated in the submission.
(vi) To satisfy the requirements of this section to develop a startup, shutdown, and
malfunction plan, the owner or operator may use the affected source's standard operating procedures (SOP)
manual, or an Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) or other plan, provided the alternative
plans meet all the requirements of this section and are made available for inspection or submitted when
requested by the Administrator.
(vii) Based on the results of a determination made under paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this
section, the Administrator may require that an owner or operator of an affected source make changes to the
startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan for that source. The Administrator must require appropriate revisions
to a startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, if the Administrator finds that the plan:
(A) Does not address a startup, shutdown, or malfunction event that has
occurred;
(B) Fails to provide for the operation of the source (including associated air
pollution control and monitoring equipment) during a startup, shutdown, or malfunction event in a manner
consistent with the general duty to minimize emissions established by paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section;
(C) Does not provide adequate procedures for correcting malfunctioning
process and/or air pollution control and monitoring equipment as quickly as practicable; or
(D) Includes an event that does not meet the definition of startup, shutdown,
or malfunction listed in § 63.2.
(viii) The owner or operator may periodically revise the startup, shutdown, and
malfunction plan for the affected source as necessary to satisfy the requirements of this part or to reflect
changes in equipment or procedures at the affected source. Unless the permitting authority provides
otherwise, the owner or operator may make such revisions to the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan
without prior approval by the Administrator or the permitting authority. However, each such revision to a
startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan must be reported in the semiannual report required by § 63.10(d)(5).
If the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan fails to address or inadequately addresses an event that meets
the characteristics of a malfunction but was not included in the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan at the
time the owner or operator developed the plan, the owner or operator must revise the startup, shutdown, and
malfunction plan within 45 days after the event to include detailed procedures for operating and maintaining
the source during similar malfunction events and a program of corrective action for similar malfunctions of
process or air pollution control and monitoring equipment. In the event that the owner or operator makes any
revision to the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan which alters the scope of the activities at the source
which are deemed to be a startup, shutdown, or malfunction, or otherwise modifies the applicability of any
emission limit, work practice requirement, or other requirement in a standard established under this part, the
revised plan shall not take effect until after the owner or operator has provided a written notice describing the
revision to the permitting authority.
(ix) The title V permit for an affected source must require that the owner or operator adopt a
startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan which conforms to the provisions of this part, and that the owner or
operator operate and maintain the source in accordance with the procedures specified in the current startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan. However, any revisions made to the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan
in accordance with the procedures established by this part shall not be deemed to constitute permit revisions
under part 70 or part 71 of this chapter. Moreover, none of the procedures specified by the startup, shutdown,
and malfunction plan for an affected source shall be deemed to fall within the permit shield provision in
section 504(f) of the Act.
(f) Compliance with nonopacity emission standards -
(1) Applicability. The non-opacity emission standards set forth in this part shall apply at all times
except during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, and as otherwise specified in an applicable
subpart. If a startup, shutdown, or malfunction of one portion of an affected source does not affect the ability
of particular emission points within other portions of the affected source to comply with the non-opacity
emission standards set forth in this part, then that emission point must still be required to comply with the
non-opacity emission standards and other applicable requirements.
(2) Methods for determining compliance.
(i) The Administrator will determine compliance with nonopacity emission standards in this
part based on the results of performance tests conducted according to the procedures in § 63.7, unless
otherwise specified in an applicable subpart of this part.
(ii) The Administrator will determine compliance with nonopacity emission standards in this
part by evaluation of an owner or operator’s conformance with operation and maintenance requirements,
including the evaluation of monitoring data, as specified in § 63.6(e) and applicable subparts of this part.
(iii) If an affected source conducts performance testing at startup to obtain an operating
permit in the State in which the source is located, the results of such testing may be used to demonstrate
compliance with a relevant standard if -
(A) The performance test was conducted within a reasonable amount of time before
an initial performance test is required to be conducted under the relevant standard;
(B) The performance test was conducted under representative operating conditions
for the source;
(C) The performance test was conducted and the resulting data were reduced using
EPA-approved test methods and procedures, as specified in § 63.7(e) of this subpart; and
(D) The performance test was appropriately quality-assured, as specified in
§ 63.7(c).
(iv) The Administrator will determine compliance with design, equipment, work practice, or
operational emission standards in this part by review of records, inspection of the source, and other
procedures specified in applicable subparts of this part.
(v) The Administrator will determine compliance with design, equipment, work practice, or
operational emission standards in this part by evaluation of an owner or operator’s conformance with
operation and maintenance requirements, as specified in paragraph (e) of this section and applicable subparts
of this part.
(3) Finding of compliance. The Administrator will make a finding concerning an affected source's
compliance with a non-opacity emission standard, as specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (2) of this section,
upon obtaining all the compliance information required by the relevant standard (including the written reports
of performance test results, monitoring results, and other information, if applicable), and information
available to the Administrator pursuant to paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section.
(g) Use of an alternative nonopacity emission standard.
(1) If, in the Administrator’s judgment, an owner or operator of an affected source has established
that an alternative means of emission limitation will achieve a reduction in emissions of a hazardous air
pollutant from an affected source at least equivalent to the reduction in emissions of that pollutant from that
source achieved under any design, equipment, work practice, or operational emission standard, or
combination thereof, established under this part pursuant to section 112(h) of the Act, the Administrator will
publish in the FEDERAL REGISTER a notice permitting the use of the alternative emission standard for
purposes of compliance with the promulgated standard. Any FEDERAL REGISTER notice under this
paragraph shall be published only after the public is notified and given the opportunity to comment. Such
notice will restrict the permission to the stationary source(s) or category(ies) of sources from which the
alternative emission standard will achieve equivalent emission reductions. The Administrator will condition
permission in such notice on requirements to assure the proper operation and maintenance of equipment and
practices required for compliance with the alternative emission standard and other requirements, including
appropriate quality assurance and quality control requirements, that are deemed necessary.
(2) An owner or operator requesting permission under this paragraph shall, unless otherwise specified
in an applicable subpart, submit a proposed test plan or the results of testing and monitoring in accordance
with § 63.7 and § 63.8, a description of the procedures followed in testing or monitoring, and a description of
pertinent conditions during testing or monitoring. Any testing or monitoring conducted to request permission
to use an alternative nonopacity emission standard shall be appropriately quality assured and quality
controlled, as specified in § 63.7 and § 63.8.
(3) The Administrator may establish general procedures in an applicable subpart that accomplish the
requirements of paragraphs (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this section.
(h) Compliance with opacity and visible emission standards -{Opacity standards applicable only when
incorporating the NSPS requirements under § 63.845.
(1) Applicability. The opacity and visible emission standards set forth in this part must apply at all
times except during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, and as otherwise specified in an applicable
subpart. If a startup, shutdown, or malfunction of one portion of an affected source does not affect the ability
of particular emission points within other portions of the affected source to comply with the opacity and
visible emission standards set forth in this part, then that emission point shall still be required to comply with
the opacity and visible emission standards and other applicable requirements.
(2) Methods for determining compliance.
(i) The Administrator will determine compliance with opacity and visible emission standards
in this part based on the results of the test method specified in an applicable subpart. Whenever a continuous
opacity monitoring system (COMS) is required to be installed to determine compliance with numerical
opacity emission standards in this part, compliance with opacity emission standards in this part shall be
determined by using the results from the COMS. Whenever an opacity emission test method is not specified,
compliance with opacity emission standards in this part shall be determined by conducting observations in
accordance with Test Method 9 in appendix A of part 60 of this chapter or the method specified in paragraph
(h)(7)(ii) of this section. Whenever a visible emission test method is not specified, compliance with visible
emission standards in this part shall be determined by conducting observations in accordance with Test
Method 22 in appendix A of part 60 of this chapter.
(ii) [Reserved]
(iii) If an affected source undergoes opacity or visible emission testing at startup to obtain an
operating permit in the State in which the source is located, the results of such testing may be used to
demonstrate compliance with a relevant standard if -
(A) The opacity or visible emission test was conducted within a reasonable amount of
time before a performance test is required to be conducted under the relevant standard;
(B) The opacity or visible emission test was conducted under representative operating
conditions for the source;
(C) The opacity or visible emission test was conducted and the resulting data were
reduced using EPA-approved test methods and procedures, as specified in § 63.7(e); and
(D) The opacity or visible emission test was appropriately quality-assured, as
specified in § 63.7(c) of this section.
(3) [Reserved]
(4) Notification of opacity or visible emission observations. The owner or operator of an affected
source shall notify the Administrator in writing of the anticipated date for conducting opacity or visible
emission observations in accordance with § 63.9(f), if such observations are required for the source by a
relevant standard.
(5) Conduct of opacity or visible emission observations. When a relevant standard under this part
includes an opacity or visible emission standard, the owner or operator of an affected source shall comply
with the following:
(i) For the purpose of demonstrating initial compliance, opacity or visible emission
observations shall be conducted concurrently with the initial performance test required in § 63.7 unless one of
the following conditions applies:
(A) If no performance test under § 63.7 is required, opacity or visible emission
observations shall be conducted within 60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at which a new
or reconstructed source will be operated, but not later than 120 days after initial startup of the source, or
within 120 days after the effective date of the relevant standard in the case of new sources that start up before
the standard’s effective date. If no performance test under § 63.7 is required, opacity or visible emission
observations shall be conducted within 120 days after the compliance date for an existing or modified source;
or
(B) If visibility or other conditions prevent the opacity or visible emission
observations from being conducted concurrently with the initial performance test required under § 63.7, or
within the time period specified in paragraph (h)(5)(i)(A) of this section, the source’s owner or operator shall
reschedule the opacity or visible emission observations as soon after the initial performance test, or time
period, as possible, but not later than 30 days thereafter, and shall advise the Administrator of the rescheduled
date. The rescheduled opacity or visible emission observations shall be conducted (to the extent possible)
under the same operating conditions that existed during the initial performance test conducted under § 63.7.
The visible emissions observer shall determine whether visibility or other conditions prevent the opacity or
visible emission observations from being made concurrently with the initial performance test in accordance
with procedures contained in Test Method 9 or Test Method 22 in appendix A of part 60 of this chapter.
(ii) For the purpose of demonstrating initial compliance, the minimum total time of opacity
observations shall be 3 hours (30 6-minute averages) for the performance test or other required set of
observations (e.g., for fugitive-type emission sources subject only to an opacity emission standard).
(iii) The owner or operator of an affected source to which an opacity or visible emission
standard in this part applies shall conduct opacity or visible emission observations in accordance with the
provisions of this section, record the results of the evaluation of emissions, and report to the Administrator the
opacity or visible emission results in accordance with the provisions of § 63.10(d).
(iv) [Reserved]
(v) Opacity readings of portions of plumes that contain condensed, uncombined water vapor
shall not be used for purposes of determining compliance with opacity emission standards.
(6) Availability of records. The owner or operator of an affected source shall make available, upon
request by the Administrator, such records that the Administrator deems necessary to determine the
conditions under which the visual observations were made and shall provide evidence indicating proof of
current visible observer emission certification.
(7) Use of a continuous opacity monitoring system.
(i) The owner or operator of an affected source required to use a continuous opacity
monitoring system (COMS) shall record the monitoring data produced during a performance test required
under § 63.7 and shall furnish the Administrator a written report of the monitoring results in accordance with
the provisions of § 63.10(e)(4).
(ii) Whenever an opacity emission test method has not been specified in an applicable
subpart, or an owner or operator of an affected source is required to conduct Test Method 9 observations (see
appendix A of part 60 of this chapter), the owner or operator may submit, for compliance purposes, COMS
data results produced during any performance test required under § 63.7 in lieu of Method 9 data. If the owner
or operator elects to submit COMS data for compliance with the opacity emission standard, he or she shall
notify the Administrator of that decision, in writing, simultaneously with the notification under § 63.7(b) of
the date the performance test is scheduled to begin. Once the owner or operator of an affected source has
notified the Administrator to that effect, the COMS data results will be used to determine opacity compliance
during subsequent performance tests required under § 63.7, unless the owner or operator notifies the
Administrator in writing to the contrary not later than with the notification under § 63.7(b) of the date the
subsequent performance test is scheduled to begin.
(iii) For the purposes of determining compliance with the opacity emission standard during a
performance test required under § 63.7 using COMS data, the COMS data shall be reduced to 6-minute
averages over the duration of the mass emission performance test.
(iv) The owner or operator of an affected source using a COMS for compliance purposes is
responsible for demonstrating that he/she has complied with the performance evaluation requirements of §
63.8(e), that the COMS has been properly maintained, operated, and data quality-assured, as specified in §
63.8(c) and § 63.8(d), and that the resulting data have not been altered in any way.
(v) Except as provided in paragraph (h)(7)(ii) of this section, the results of continuous
monitoring by a COMS that indicate that the opacity at the time visual observations were made was not in
excess of the emission standard are probative but not conclusive evidence of the actual opacity of an
emission, provided that the affected source proves that, at the time of the alleged violation, the instrument
used was properly maintained, as specified in § 63.8(c), and met Performance Specification 1 in appendix B
of part 60 of this chapter, and that the resulting data have not been altered in any way.
(8) Finding of compliance. The Administrator will make a finding concerning an affected source’s
compliance with an opacity or visible emission standard upon obtaining all the compliance information
required by the relevant standard (including the written reports of the results of the performance tests required
by § 63.7, the results of Test Method 9 or another required opacity or visible emission test method, the
observer certification required by paragraph (h)(6) of this section, and the continuous opacity monitoring
system results, whichever is/are applicable) and any information available to the Administrator needed to
determine whether proper operation and maintenance practices are being used.
(9) Adjustment to an opacity emission standard.
(i) If the Administrator finds under paragraph (h)(8) of this section that an affected source is
in compliance with all relevant standards for which initial performance tests were conducted under § 63.7, but
during the time such performance tests were conducted fails to meet any relevant opacity emission standard,
the owner or operator of such source may petition the Administrator to make appropriate adjustment to the
opacity emission standard for the affected source. Until the Administrator notifies the owner or operator of the
appropriate adjustment, the relevant opacity emission standard remains applicable.
(ii) The Administrator may grant such a petition upon a demonstration by the owner or
operator that -
(A) The affected source and its associated air pollution control equipment were
operated and maintained in a manner to minimize the opacity of emissions during the performance tests;
(B) The performance tests were performed under the conditions established by the
Administrator; and
(C) The affected source and its associated air pollution control equipment were
incapable of being adjusted or operated to meet the relevant opacity emission standard.
(iii) The Administrator will establish an adjusted opacity emission standard for the affected
source meeting the above requirements at a level at which the source will be able, as indicated by the
performance and opacity tests, to meet the opacity emission standard at all times during which the source is
meeting the mass or concentration emission standard. The Administrator will promulgate the new opacity
emission standard in the FEDERAL REGISTER.
(iv) After the Administrator promulgates an adjusted opacity emission standard for an
affected source, the owner or operator of such source shall be subject to the new opacity emission standard,
and the new opacity emission standard shall apply to such source during any subsequent performance tests.
(i) Extension of compliance with emission standards.
(1) Until an extension of compliance has been granted by the Administrator (or a State with an
approved permit program) under this paragraph, the owner or operator of an affected source subject to the
requirements of this section shall comply with all applicable requirements of this part.
(2) Extension of compliance for early reductions and other reductions
(i) Early reductions. Pursuant to section 112(i)(5) of the Act, if the owner or
operator of an existing source demonstrates that the source has achieved a reduction in emissions
of hazardous air pollutants in accordance with the provisions of subpart D of this part, the Administrator (or
the State with an approved permit program) will grant the owner or operator an extension of compliance with
specific requirements of this part, as specified in subpart D.
(ii) Other reductions. Pursuant to section 112(i)(6) of the Act, if the owner or operator of an
existing source has installed best available control technology (BACT) (as defined in section 169(3) of the
Act) or technology required to meet a lowest achievable emission rate (LAER) (as defined in section 171 of
the Act) prior to the promulgation of an emission standard in this part applicable to such source and the same
pollutant (or stream of pollutants) controlled pursuant to the BACT or LAER installation, the Administrator
will grant the owner or operator an extension of compliance with such emission standard that will apply until
the date 5 years after the date on which such installation was achieved, as determined by the Administrator.
(3) Request for extension of compliance. Paragraphs (i)(4) through (i)(7) of this section concern
requests for an extension of compliance with a relevant standard under this part (except requests for an
extension of compliance under paragraph (i)(2)(i) of this section will be handled through procedures specified
in subpart D of this part).
(4) (i) (A) The owner or operator of an existing source who is unable to comply with a
relevant standard established under this part pursuant to section 112(d) of the Act may request that the
Administrator (or a State, when the State has an approved part 70 permit program and the source is required
to obtain a part 70 permit under that program, or a State, when the State has been delegated the authority to
implement and enforce the emission standard for that source) grant an extension allowing the source up to 1
additional year to comply with the standard, if such additional period is necessary for the installation of
controls. An additional extension of up to 3 years may be added for mining waste operations, if the 1-year
extension of compliance is insufficient to dry and cover mining waste in order to reduce emissions of any
hazardous air pollutant. The owner or operator of an affected source who has requested an extension of
compliance under this paragraph and who is otherwise required to obtain a title V permit shall apply for such
permit or apply to have the source’s title V permit revised to incorporate the conditions of the extension of
compliance. The conditions of an extension of compliance granted under this paragraph will be incorporated
into the affected source’s title V permit according to the provisions of part 70 or Federal title V regulations in
this chapter (42 U.S.C. 7661), whichever are applicable.
(B) Any request under this paragraph for an extension of compliance with a relevant
standard must be submitted in writing to the appropriate authority no later than 120 days prior to the affected
source's compliance date (as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section), except as provided for in
paragraph (i)(4)(i)(C) of this section. Nonfrivolous requests submitted under this paragraph will stay the
applicability of the rule as to the emission points in question until such time as the request is granted or
denied. A denial will be effective as of the date of denial. Emission standards established under this part may
specify alternative dates for the submittal of requests for an extension of compliance if alternatives are
appropriate for the source categories affected by those standards.
(C) An owner or operator may submit a compliance extension request after the date
specified in paragraph (i)(4)(i)(B) of this section provided the need for the compliance extension arose after
that date, and before the otherwise applicable compliance date and the need arose due to circumstances
beyond reasonable control of the owner or operator. This request must include, in addition to the information
required in paragraph (i)(6)(i) of this section, a statement of the reasons additional time is needed and the date
when the owner or operator first learned of the problems. Nonfrivolous requests submitted under this
paragraph will stay the applicability of the rule as to the emission points in question until such time as the
request is granted or denied. A denial will be effective as of the original compliance date.
(ii) The owner or operator of an existing source unable to comply with a relevant standard
established under this part pursuant to section 112(f) of the Act may request that the Administrator grant an
extension allowing the source up to 2 years after the standard’s effective date to comply with the standard.
The Administrator may grant such an extension if he/she finds that such additional period is necessary for the
installation of controls and that steps will be taken during the period of the extension to assure that the health
of persons will be protected from imminent endangerment. Any request for an extension of compliance with a
relevant standard under this paragraph must be submitted in writing to the Administrator not later than 90
calendar days after the effective date of the relevant standard.
(5) The owner or operator of an existing source that has installed BACT or technology required to
meet LAER [as specified in paragraph (i)(2)(ii) of this section] prior to the promulgation of a relevant
emission standard in this part may request that the Administrator grant an extension allowing the source 5
years from the date on which such installation was achieved, as determined by the Administrator, to comply
with the standard. Any request for an extension of compliance with a relevant standard under this paragraph
shall be submitted in writing to the Administrator not later than 120 days after the promulgation date of the
standard. The Administrator may grant such an extension if he or she finds that the installation of BACT or
technology to meet LAER controls the same pollutant (or stream of pollutants) that would be controlled at
that source by the relevant emission standard.
(6) (i) The request for a compliance extension under paragraph (i)(4) of this section shall include
the following information:
(A) A description of the controls to be installed to comply with the standard;
(B) A compliance schedule, including the date by which each step toward compliance
will be reached. At a minimum, the list of dates shall include:
(1) The date by which on-site construction, installation of emission control
equipment, or a process change is planned to be initiated; and
(2) The date by which final compliance is to be achieved;
(C) [Reserved]
(D) [Reserved]
(ii) The request for a compliance extension under paragraph (i)(5) of this section shall include
all information needed to demonstrate to the Administrator’s satisfaction that the installation of BACT or
technology to meet LAER controls the same pollutant (or stream of pollutants) that would be controlled at
that source by the relevant emission standard.
(7) Advice on requesting an extension of compliance may be obtained from the Administrator (or the
State with an approved permit program).
(8) Approval of request for extension of compliance. Paragraphs (i)(9) through (i)(14) of this section
concern approval of an extension of compliance requested under paragraphs (i)(4) through (i)(6) of this
section.
(9) Based on the information provided in any request made under paragraphs (i)(4) through (i)(6) of
this section, or other information, the Administrator (or the State with an approved permit program) may grant
an extension of compliance with an emission standard, as specified in paragraphs (i)(4) and (i)(5) of this
section.
(10) The extension will be in writing and will -
(i) Identify each affected source covered by the extension;
(ii) Specify the termination date of the extension;
(iii) Specify the dates by which steps toward compliance are to be taken, if appropriate;
(iv) Specify other applicable requirements to which the compliance extension applies (e.g.,
performance tests); and
(v) (A) Under paragraph (i)(4), specify any additional conditions that the Administrator
(or the State) deems necessary to assure installation of the necessary controls and protection of the health of
persons during the extension period; or
(B) Under paragraph (i)(5), specify any additional conditions that the Administrator
deems necessary to assure the proper operation and maintenance of the installed controls during the extension
period.
(11) The owner or operator of an existing source that has been granted an extension of compliance
under paragraph (i)(10) of this section may be required to submit to the Administrator (or the State with an
approved permit program) progress reports indicating whether the steps toward compliance outlined in the
compliance schedule have been reached. The contents of the progress reports and the dates by which they
shall be submitted will be specified in the written extension of compliance granted under paragraph (i)(10) of
this section.
(12) (i) The Administrator (or the State with an approved permit program) will notify the owner or
operator in writing of approval or intention to deny approval of a request for an extension of compliance
within 30 calendar days after receipt of sufficient information to evaluate a request submitted under paragraph
(i)(4)(i) or (i)(5) of this section. The Administrator (or the State) will notify the owner or operator in writing
of the status of his/her application, that is, whether the application contains sufficient information to make a
determination, within 30 calendar days after receipt of the original application and within 30 calendar days
after receipt of any supplementary information that is submitted. The 30-day approval or denial period will
begin after the owner or operator has been notified in writing that his/her application is complete.
(ii) When notifying the owner or operator that his/her application is not complete, the
Administrator will specify the information needed to complete the application and provide notice of
opportunity for the applicant to present, in writing, within 30 calendar days after he/she is notified of the
incomplete application, additional information or arguments to the Administrator to enable further action on
the application.
(iii) Before denying any request for an extension of compliance, the Administrator (or the
State with an approved permit program) will notify the owner or operator in writing of the Administrator’s (or
the State’s) intention to issue the denial, together with -
(A) Notice of the information and findings on which the intended denial is based; and
(B) Notice of opportunity for the owner or operator to present in writing, within 15
calendar days after he/she is notified of the intended denial, additional information or arguments to the
Administrator (or the State) before further action on the request.
(iv) The Administrator’s final determination to deny any request for an extension will be in
writing and will set forth the specific grounds on which the denial is based. The final determination will be
made within 30 calendar days after presentation of additional information or argument (if the application is
complete), or within 30 calendar days after the final date specified for the presentation if no presentation is
made.
(13) (i) The Administrator will notify the owner or operator in writing of approval or intention to
deny approval of a request for an extension of compliance within 30 calendar days after receipt of sufficient
information to evaluate a request submitted under paragraph (i)(4)(ii) of this section. The 30-day approval or
denial period will begin after the owner or operator has been notified in writing that his/her application is
complete. The Administrator (or the State) will notify the owner or operator in writing of the status of his/her
application, that is, whether the application contains sufficient information to make a determination, within 15
calendar days after receipt of the original application and within 15 calendar days after receipt of any
supplementary information that is submitted.
(ii) When notifying the owner or operator that his/her application is not complete, the
Administrator will specify the information needed to complete the application and provide notice of
opportunity for the applicant to present, in writing, within 15 calendar days after he/she is notified of the
incomplete application, additional information or arguments to the Administrator to enable further action on
the application.
(iii) Before denying any request for an extension of compliance, the Administrator will notify
the owner or operator in writing of the Administrator’s intention to issue the denial, together with -
(A) Notice of the information and findings on which the intended denial is based; and
(B) Notice of opportunity for the owner or operator to present in writing, within 15
calendar days after he/she is notified of the intended denial, additional information or arguments to the
Administrator before further action on the request.
(iv) A final determination to deny any request for an extension will be in writing and will set
forth the specific grounds on which the denial is based. The final determination will be made within 30
calendar days after presentation of additional information or argument (if the application is complete), or
within 30 calendar days after the final date specified for the presentation if no presentation is made.
(14) The Administrator (or the State with an approved permit program) may terminate an extension of
compliance at an earlier date than specified if any specification under paragraph (i)(10)(iii) or (iv) of this
section is not met. Upon a determination to terminate, the Administrator will notify, in writing, the owner or
operator of the Administrator's determination to terminate, together with:
(i) Notice of the reason for termination; and
(ii) Notice of opportunity for the owner or operator to present in writing, within 15 calendar
days after he/she is notified of the determination to terminate, additional information or arguments to
the Administrator before further action on the termination.
(iii) A final determination to terminate an extension of compliance will be in writing and will set forth the
specific grounds on which the termination is based. The final determination will be made within 30 calendar
days after presentation of additional information or arguments, or within 30 calendar days after the final date
specified for the presentation if no presentation is made.
(15) [Reserved]
(16) The granting of an extension under this section shall not abrogate the Administrator’s authority
under section 114 of the Act.
(j) Exemption from compliance with emission standards. The President may exempt any stationary source
from compliance with any relevant standard established pursuant to section 112 of the Act for a period of not
more than 2 years if the President determines that the technology to implement such standard is not available
and that it is in the national security interests of the United States to do so. An exemption under this paragraph
may be extended for 1 or more additional periods, each period not to exceed 2 years.
§ 63.7 Performance testing requirements.
(a) Applicability and performance test dates.
(1) The applicability of this section is set out in § 63.1(a)(4).
(2) If required to do performance testing by a relevant standard, and unless a waiver of performance
testing is obtained under this section or the conditions of paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(B) of this section
apply, the owner or operator of the affected source must perform such tests within 180 days of the
compliance date for such source.
(i)- (viii) [Reserved] Subpart LL specifies performance test dates.
(ix) When an emission standard promulgated under this part is more stringent than the
standard proposed (see § 63.6(b)(3)), the owner or operator of a new or reconstructed source subject to that
standard for which construction or reconstruction is commenced between the proposal and promulgation dates
of the standard shall comply with performance testing requirements within 180 days after the standard’s
effective date, or within 180 days after startup of the source, whichever is later. If the promulgated standard is
more stringent than the proposed standard, the owner or operator may choose to demonstrate compliance with
either the proposed or the promulgated standard. If the owner or operator chooses to comply with the
proposed standard initially, the owner or operator shall conduct a second performance test within 3 years and
180 days after the effective date of the standard, or after startup of the source, whichever is later, to
demonstrate compliance with the promulgated standard.
(3) The Administrator may require an owner or operator to conduct performance tests at the affected
source at any other time when the action is authorized by section 114 of the Act.
(b) Notification of performance test.
(1) The owner or operator of an affected source must notify the Administrator in writing of his or her
intention to conduct a performance test at least 60 calendar days before the performance test is initially
scheduled to begin to allow the Administrator, upon request, to review an approve the site-specific test plan
required under paragraph (c) of this section and to have an observer present during the test.
(2) In the event the owner or operator is unable to conduct the performance test on the date specified
in the notification requirement specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section due to unforeseeable
circumstances beyond his or her control, the owner or operator must notify the Administrator as soon as
practicable and without delay prior to the scheduled performance test date and specify the date when the
performance test is rescheduled. This notification of delay in conducting the performance test shall not relieve
the owner or operator of legal responsibility for compliance with any other applicable provisions of this part
or with any other applicable Federal, State, or local requirement, nor will it prevent the Administrator from
implementing or enforcing this part or taking any other action under the Act.
(c) Quality assurance program.
(1) The results of the quality assurance program required in this paragraph will be considered by the
Administrator when he/she determines the validity of a performance test.
(2) (i) Submission of site-specific test plan. Before conducting a required performance test, the
owner or operator of an affected source shall develop and, if requested by the Administrator, shall submit a
site-specific test plan to the Administrator for approval. The test plan shall include a test program summary,
the test schedule, data quality objectives, and both an internal and external quality assurance (QA) program.
Data quality objectives are the pretest expectations of precision, accuracy, and completeness of data.
(ii) The internal QA program shall include, at a minimum, the activities planned by routine
operators and analysts to provide an assessment of test data precision; an example of internal QA is the
sampling and analysis of replicate samples.
(iii) The external QA program shall include, at a minimum, application of plans for a test
method performance audit (PA) during the performance test. The PA’s consist of blind audit samples
provided by the Administrator and analyzed during the performance test in order to provide a measure of test
data bias. The external QA program may also include systems audits that include the opportunity for on-site
evaluation by the Administrator of instrument calibration, data validation, sample logging, and documentation
of quality control data and field maintenance activities.
(iv) The owner or operator of an affected source shall submit the site-specific test plan to the
Administrator upon the Administrator’s request at least 60 calendar days before the performance test is
scheduled to take place, that is, simultaneously with the notification of intention to conduct a performance test
required under paragraph (b) of this section, or on a mutually agreed upon date.
(v) The Administrator may request additional relevant information after the submittal of a
site-specific test plan.
(3) Approval of site-specific test plan.
(i) The Administrator will notify the owner or operator of approval or intention to deny
approval of the site-specific test plan (if review of the site-specific test plan is requested) within 30 calendar
days after receipt of the original plan and within 30 calendar days after receipt of any supplementary
information that is submitted under paragraph (c)(3)(i)(B) of this section. Before disapproving any site-
specific test plan, the Administrator will notify the applicant of the Administrator’s intention to disapprove
the plan together with -
(A) Notice of the information and findings on which the intended disapproval is
based; and
(B) Notice of opportunity for the owner or operator to present, within 30 calendar
days after he/she is notified of the intended disapproval, additional information to the Administrator before
final action on the plan.
(ii) In the event that the Administrator fails to approve or disapprove the site-specific test plan
within the time period specified in paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section, the following conditions shall apply:
(A) If the owner or operator intends to demonstrate compliance using the test
method(s) specified in the relevant standard or with only minor changes to those tests methods (see paragraph
(e)(2)(i) of this section), the owner or operator must conduct the performance test within the time specified in
this section using the specified method(s);
(B) If the owner or operator intends to demonstrate compliance by using an
alternative to any test method specified in the relevant standard, the owner or operator is authorized to
conduct the performance test using an alternative test method after the Administrator approves the use of the
alternative method when the Administrator approves the site-specific test plan (if review of the site-specific
test plan is requested) or after the alternative method is approved (see paragraph (f) of this section). However,
the owner or operator is authorized to conduct the performance test using an alternative method in the absence
of notification of approval 45 days after submission of the site-specific test plan or request to use an
alternative method. The owner or operator is authorized to conduct the performance test within 60 calendar
days after he/she is authorized to demonstrate compliance using an alternative test method. Notwithstanding
the requirements in the preceding three sentences, the owner or operator may proceed to conduct the
performance test as required in this section (without the Administrator's prior approval of the site-specific test
plan) if he/she subsequently chooses to use the specified testing and monitoring methods instead of an
alternative.
(iii) Neither the submission of a site-specific test plan for approval, nor the Administrator’s
approval or disapproval of a plan, nor the Administrator’s failure to approve or disapprove a plan in a timely
manner shall -
(A) Relieve an owner or operator of legal responsibility for compliance with any
applicable provisions of this part or with any other applicable Federal, State, or local requirement; or
(B) Prevent the Administrator from implementing or enforcing this part or taking any
other action under the Act.
(4) (i) Performance test method audit program. The owner or operator must analyze performance
audit (PA) samples during each performance test. The owner or operator must request performance audit
materials 30 days prior to the test date. Audit materials including cylinder audit gases may be obtained by
contacting the appropriate EPA Regional Office or the responsible enforcement authority.
(ii) The Administrator will have sole discretion to require any subsequent remedial actions of
the owner or operator based on the PA results.
(iii) If the Administrator fails to provide required PA materials to an owner or operator of an
affected source in time to analyze the PA samples during a performance test, the requirement to conduct a PA
under this paragraph shall be waived for such source for that performance test. Waiver under this paragraph of
the requirement to conduct a PA for a particular performance test does not constitute a waiver of the
requirement to conduct a PA for future required performance tests.
(d) Performance testing facilities. If required to do performance testing, the owner or operator of
each new source and, at the request of the Administrator, the owner or operator of each existing
source, shall provide performance testing facilities as follows:
(1) Sampling ports adequate for test methods applicable to such source. This includes:
(i) Constructing the air pollution control system such that volumetric flow rates and pollutant
emission rates can be accurately determined by applicable test methods and procedures; and
(ii) Providing a stack or duct free of cyclonic flow during performance tests, as demonstrated
by applicable test methods and procedures;
(2) Safe sampling platform(s);
(3) Safe access to sampling platform(s);
(4) Utilities for sampling and testing equipment; and
(5) Any other facilities that the Administrator deems necessary for safe and adequate testing of a
source.
(e) Conduct of performance tests.
(1) Performance tests shall be conducted under such conditions as the Administrator specifies to the
owner or operator based on representative performance (i.e., performance based on normal operating
conditions) of the affected source. Operations during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction shall not
constitute representative conditions for the purpose of a performance test, nor shall emissions in excess of the
level of the relevant standard during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction be considered a violation
of the relevant standard unless otherwise specified in the relevant standard or a determination of
noncompliance is made under § 63.6(e). Upon request, the owner or operator shall make available to the
Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.
(2) Performance tests shall be conducted and data shall be reduced in accordance with the test
methods and procedures set forth in this section, in each relevant standard, and, if required, in applicable
appendices of parts 51, 60, 61, and 63 of this chapter unless the Administrator -
(i) Specifies or approves, in specific cases, the use of a test method with minor changes in
methodology (see definition in § 63.90(a)). Such changes may be approved in conjunction with approval of
the site-specific test plan (see paragraph (c) of this section); or
(ii) Approves the use of an intermediate or major change or alternative to a test method (see
definitions in § 63.90(a)), the results of which the Administrator has determined to be adequate for indicating
whether a specific affected source is in compliance; or
(iii) Approves shorter sampling times or smaller sample volumes when necessitated by
process variables or other factors; or
(iv) Waives the requirement for performance tests because the owner or operator of an
affected source has demonstrated by other means to the Administrator’s satisfaction that the affected source is
in compliance with the relevant standard.
(3) Unless otherwise specified in a relevant standard or test method, each performance test shall
consist of three separate runs using the applicable test method. Each run shall be conducted for the time and
under the conditions specified in the relevant standard. For the purpose of determining compliance with a
relevant standard, the arithmetic mean of the results of the three runs shall apply. Upon receiving approval
from the Administrator, results of a test run may be replaced with results of an additional test run in the event
that
(i) A sample is accidentally lost after the testing team leaves the site; or
(ii) Conditions occur in which one of the three runs must be discontinued because of forced
shutdown; or
(iii) Extreme meteorological conditions occur; or
(iv) Other circumstances occur that are beyond the owner or operator’s control.
(4) Nothing in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(3) of this section shall be construed to abrogate the
Administrator’s authority to require testing under section 114 of the Act.
(f) Use of an alternative test method -
(1) General. Until authorized to use an intermediate or major change or alternative to a test method,
the owner or operator of an affected source remains subject to the requirements of this section and the
relevant standard.
(2) The owner or operator of an affected source required to do performance testing by a relevant
standard may use an alternative test method from that specified in the standard provided that the owner or
operator -
(i) Notifies the Administrator of his or her intention to use an alternative test method at least
60 days before the performance test is scheduled to begin;
(ii) Uses Method 301 in appendix A of this part to validate the alternative test method. This
may include the use of specific procedures of Method 301 if use of such procedures are sufficient to validate
the alternative test method; and
(iii) Submits the results of the Method 301 validation process along with the notification of
intention and the justification for not using the specified test method. The owner or operator may submit the
information required in this paragraph well in advance of the deadline specified in paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this
section to ensure a timely review by the Administrator in order to meet the performance test date specified in
this section or the relevant standard.
(3) The Administrator will determine whether the owner or operator's validation of the proposed
alternative test method is adequate and issue an approval or disapproval of the alternative test method. If the
owner or operator intends to demonstrate compliance by using an alternative to any test method specified in
the relevant standard, the owner or operator is authorized to conduct the performance test using an alternative
test method after the Administrator approves the use of the alternative method. However, the owner or
operator is authorized to conduct the performance test using an alternative method in the absence of
notification of approval/disapproval 45 days after submission of the request to use an alternative method and
the request satisfies the requirements in paragraph (f)(2) of this section. The owner or operator is authorized
to conduct the performance test within 60 calendar days after he/she is authorized to demonstrate compliance
using an alternative test method. Notwithstanding the requirements in the preceding three sentences, the
owner or operator may proceed to conduct the performance test as required in this section (without the
Administrator's prior approval of the site-specific test plan) if he/she subsequently chooses to use the
specified testing and monitoring methods instead of an alternative.
(4) If the Administrator finds reasonable grounds to dispute the results obtained by an alternative test
method for the purposes of demonstrating compliance with a relevant standard, the Administrator may require
the use of a test method specified in a relevant standard.
(5) If the owner or operator uses an alternative test method for an affected source during a required
performance test, the owner or operator of such source shall continue to use the alternative test method for
subsequent performance tests at that affected source until he or she receives approval from the Administrator
to use another test method as allowed under § 63.7(f).
(6) Neither the validation and approval process nor the failure to validate an alternative test method
shall abrogate the owner or operator’s responsibility to comply with the requirements of this part.
(g) Data analysis, recordkeeping, and reporting.
(1) Unless otherwise specified in a relevant standard or test method, or as otherwise approved by the
Administrator in writing, results of a performance test shall include the analysis of samples, determination of
emissions, and raw data. A performance test is ‘‘completed’’ when field sample collection is terminated. The
owner or operator of an affected source shall report the results of the performance test to the Administrator
before the, close of business on the 60th day following the completion of the performance test, unless
specified otherwise in a relevant standard or as approved otherwise in writing by the Administrator (see §
63.9(i)). The results of the performance test shall be submitted as part of the notification of compliance status
required under § 63.9(h). Before a title V permit has been issued to the owner or operator of an affected
source, the owner or operator shall send the results of the performance test to the Administrator. After a title
V permit has been issued to the owner or operator of an affected source, the owner or operator shall send the
results of the performance test to the appropriate permitting authority.
(2) [Reserved]
(3) For a minimum of 5 years after a performance test is conducted, the owner or operator shall retain
and make available, upon request, for inspection by the Administrator the records or results of such
performance test and other data needed to determine emissions from an affected source.
(h) Waiver of performance tests.
(1) Until a waiver of a performance testing requirement has been granted by the Administrator under
this paragraph, the owner or operator of an affected source remains subject to the requirements of this section.
(2) Individual performance tests may be waived upon written application to the Administrator if, in
the Administrator’s judgment, the source is meeting the relevant standard(s) on a continuous basis, or the
source is being operated under an extension of compliance, or the owner or operator has requested an
extension of compliance and the Administrator is still considering that request.
(3) Request to waive a performance test.
(i) If a request is made for an extension of compliance under § 63.6(i), the application for a
waiver of an initial performance test shall accompany the information
required for the request for an extension of compliance. If no extension of compliance is requested or if the
owner or operator has requested an extension of compliance and the Administrator is still considering that
request, the application for a waiver of an initial performance test shall be submitted at least 60 days before
the performance test if the site-specific test plan under paragraph (c) of this section is not submitted.
(ii) If an application for a waiver of a subsequent performance test is made, the application
may accompany any required compliance progress report, compliance status report, or excess emissions and
continuous monitoring system performance report [such as those required under § 63.6(I), § 63.9(h), and §
63.10(e) or specified in a relevant standard or in the source’s title V permit], but it shall be submitted at least
60 days before the performance test if the site-specific test plan required under paragraph (c) of this section is
not submitted.
(iii) Any application for a waiver of a performance test shall include information justifying
the owner or operator’s request for a waiver, such as the technical or economic infeasibility, or the
impracticality, of the affected source performing the required test.
(4) Approval of request to waive performance test. The Administrator will approve or deny a request
for a waiver of a performance test made under paragraph (h)(3) of this section when he/she -
(i) Approves or denies an extension of compliance under § 63.6(i)(8); or
(ii) Approves or disapproves a site-specific test plan under § 63.7(c)(3); or
(iii) Makes a determination of compliance following the submission of a required compliance
status report or excess emissions and continuous monitoring systems performance report; or
(iv) Makes a determination of suitable progress towards compliance following the submission
of a compliance progress report, whichever is applicable.
(5) Approval of any waiver granted under this section shall not abrogate the Administrator’s authority
under the Act or in any way prohibit the Administrator from later canceling the waiver. The cancellation will
be made only after notice is given to the owner or operator of the affected source.
§ 63.8 Monitoring requirements.
(a) Applicability.
(1) (i) The applicability of this section is set out in § 63.1(a)(4).
(ii) Relevant standards established under this part will specify monitoring systems, methods,
or procedures, monitoring frequency, and other pertinent requirements for source(s) regulated by those
standards. This section specifies general monitoring requirements such as those governing the conduct of
monitoring and requests to use alternative monitoring methods. In addition, this section specifies detailed
requirements that apply to affected sources required to use continuous monitoring systems (CMS) under a
relevant standard.
(2) For the purposes of this part, all CMS required under relevant standards shall be subject to the
provisions of this section upon promulgation of performance specifications for CMS as specified in the
relevant standard or otherwise by the Administrator.
(3) [Reserved]
(4) Additional monitoring requirements for control devices used to comply with provisions in relevant
standards of this part are specified in § 63.11.
(b) Conduct of monitoring.
(1) Monitoring shall be conducted as set forth in this section and the relevant standard(s) unless the
Administrator -
(i) Specifies or approves the use of minor changes in methodology for the specified
monitoring requirements and procedures (see § 63.90(a) for definition); or
(ii) Approves the use of an intermediate or major change or alternative to any monitoring
requirements or procedures (see § 63.90(a) for definition).
(iii) Owners or operators with flares subject to § 63.11(b) are not subject to the requirements
of this section unless otherwise specified in the relevant standard.
(2) (i) When the emissions from two or more affected sources are combined before being
released to the atmosphere, the owner or operator may install an applicable CMS for each emission stream or
for the combined emissions streams, provided the monitoring is sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the
relevant standard.
(ii) If the relevant standard is a mass emission standard and the emissions from one affected
source are released to the atmosphere through more than one point, the owner or operator must install an
applicable CMS at each emission point unless the installation of fewer systems is –
(A) Approved by the Administrator; or
(B) Provided for in a relevant standard (e.g., instead of requiring that a CMS be
installed at each emission point before the effluents from those points are channeled to a common control
device, the standard specifies that only one CMS is required to be installed at the vent of the control device).
(3) When more than one CMS is used to measure the emissions from one affected source (e.g.,
multiple breechings, multiple outlets), the owner or operator shall report the results as required for each CMS.
However, when one CMS is used as a backup to another CMS, the owner or operator shall report the results
from the CMS used to meet the monitoring requirements of this part. If both such CMS are used during a
particular reporting period to meet the monitoring requirements of this part, then the owner or operator shall
report the results from each CMS for the relevant compliance period.
(c) Operation and maintenance of continuous monitoring systems.
(1) The owner or operator of an affected source shall maintain and operate each CMS as specified in
this section, or in a relevant standard, and in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practices.
(i) The owner or operator of an affected source must maintain and operate each CMS as
specified in § 63.6(e)(1).
(ii) The owner or operator must keep the necessary parts for routine repairs of the affected
CMS equipment readily available.
(iii) The owner or operator of an affected source must develop and implement a written
startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan for CMS as specified in § 63.6(e)(3).
(2) (i) All CMS must be installed such that representative measures of emissions or process
parameters from the affected source are obtained. In addition, CEMS must be located according to procedures
contained in the applicable performance specification(s).
(ii) Unless the individual subpart states otherwise, the owner or operator must ensure the read
out (that portion of the CMS that provides a visual display or record), or other indication of operation,
from any CMS required for compliance with the emission standard is readily accessible on site for
operational control or inspection by the operator of the equipment.
(3) All CMS shall be installed, operational, and the data verified as specified in the relevant standard
either prior to or in conjunction with conducting performance tests under § 63.7. Verification of operational
status shall, at a minimum, include completion of the manufacturer’s written specifications or
recommendations for installation, operation, and calibration of the system.
(4)-(8) Subpart LL does not require COMS/CMS or CMS performance specifications.
(d) Quality control program. Subpart LL does not require CMS or CMS performance evalustion.
(e) Performance evaluation of continuous monitoring systems - Not applicable.
(f) Use of an alternative monitoring method -
(1) General. Until permission to use an alternative monitoring procedure (minor, intermediate, or
major changes; see definition in § 63.90(a)) has been granted by the Administrator under this paragraph
(f)(1), the owner or operator of an affected source remains subject to the requirements of this section and the
relevant standard.
(2) After receipt and consideration of written application, the Administrator may approve alternatives
to any monitoring methods or procedures of this part including, but not limited to, the following:
(i) Alternative monitoring requirements when installation of a CMS specified by a relevant
standard would not provide accurate measurements due to liquid water or other interferences caused by
substances within the effluent gases;
(ii) Alternative monitoring requirements when the affected source is infrequently operated;
(iii) Alternative monitoring requirements to accommodate CEMS that require additional
measurements to correct for stack moisture conditions;
(iv) Alternative locations for installing CMS when the owner or operator can demonstrate that
installation at alternate locations will enable accurate and representative measurements;
(v) Alternate methods for converting pollutant concentration measurements to units of the
relevant standard;
(vi) Alternate procedures for performing daily checks of zero (low-level) and high-level drift
that do not involve use of high-level gases or test cells;
(vii) Alternatives to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) test methods or
sampling procedures specified by any relevant standard;
(viii) Alternative CMS that do not meet the design or performance requirements in this part,
but adequately demonstrate a definite and consistent relationship between their measurements and the
measurements of opacity by a system complying with the requirements as specified in the relevant standard.
The Administrator may require that such demonstration be performed for each affected source; or
(ix) Alternative monitoring requirements when the effluent from a single affected source or
the combined effluent from two or more affected sources is released to the atmosphere through more than one
point.
(3) If the Administrator finds reasonable grounds to dispute the results obtained by an alternative
monitoring method, requirement, or procedure, the Administrator may require the use of a method,
requirement, or procedure specified in this section or in the relevant standard. If the results of the specified
and alternative method, requirement, or procedure do not agree, the results obtained by the specified method,
requirement, or procedure shall prevail.
(4) (i) Request to use alternative monitoring procedure. An owner or operator who wishes to use
an alternative monitoring procedure must submit an application to the Administrator as described in
paragraph (f)(4)(ii) of this section. The application may be submitted at any time provided that the monitoring
procedure is not the performance test method used to demonstrate compliance with a relevant standard or
other requirement. If the alternative monitoring procedure will serve as the performance test method that is to
be used to demonstrate compliance with a relevant standard, the application must be submitted at least 60
days before the performance evaluation is scheduled to begin and must meet the requirements for an
alternative test method under § 63.7(f).
(ii) The application must contain a description of the proposed alternative monitoring system
which addresses the four elements contained in the definition of monitoring in § 63.2 and a performance
evaluation test plan, if required, as specified in paragraph (e)(3) of this section. In addition, the application
must include information justifying the owner or operator's request for an alternative monitoring method, such
as the technical or economic infeasibility, or the impracticality, of the affected source using the required
method.
(iii) The owner or operator may submit the information required in this paragraph well in
advance of the submittal dates specified in paragraph (f)(4)(i) above to ensure a timely review by the
Administrator in order to meet the compliance demonstration date specified in this section or the relevant
standard.
(iv) Application for minor changes to monitoring procedures, as specified in paragraph (b)(1)
of this section, may be made in the site-specific performance evaluation plan.
(5) Approval of request to use alternative monitoring procedure.
(i) The Administrator will notify the owner or operator of approval or intention to deny
approval of the request to use an alternative monitoring method within 30 calendar days after receipt of the
original request and within 30 calendar days after receipt of any supplementary information that is submitted.
If a request for a minor change is made in conjunction with site-specific performance evaluation plan, then
approval of the plan will constitute approval of the minor change. Before disapproving any request to use an
alternative monitoring method, the Administrator will notify the applicant of the Administrator's intention to
disapprove the request together with --
(A) Notice of the information and findings on which the intended disapproval is
based; and
(B) Notice of opportunity for the owner or operator to present additional information
to the Administrator before final action on the request. At the time the Administrator notifies the applicant of
his or her intention to disapprove the request, the Administrator will specify how much time the owner or
operator will have after being notified of the intended disapproval to submit the additional information.
(ii) The Administrator may establish general procedures and criteria in a relevant standard to
accomplish the requirements of paragraph (f)(5)(i) of this section.
(iii) If the Administrator approves the use of an alternative monitoring method for an affected
source under paragraph (f)(5)(i) of this section, the owner or operator of such source shall continue to use the
alternative monitoring method until he or she receives approval from the Administrator to use another
monitoring method as allowed by § 63.8(f).
(6) Alternative to the relative accuracy test. An alternative to the relative accuracy test for CEMS
specified in a relevant standard may be requested as follows:
(i) Criteria for approval of alternative procedures. An alternative to the test method for
determining relative accuracy is available for affected sources with emission rates demonstrated to be less
than 50 percent of the relevant standard. The owner or operator of an affected source may petition the
Administrator under paragraph (f)(6)(ii) of this section to substitute the relative accuracy test in section 7 of
Performance Specification 2 with the procedures in section 10 if the results of a performance test conducted
according to the requirements in § 63.7, or other tests performed following the criteria in § 63.7, demonstrate
that the emission rate of the pollutant of interest in the units of the relevant standard is less than 50 percent of
the relevant standard. For affected sources subject to emission limitations expressed as control efficiency
levels, the owner or operator may petition the Administrator to substitute the relative accuracy test with the
procedures in section 10 of Performance Specification 2 if the control device exhaust emission rate is less
than 50 percent of the level needed to meet the control efficiency requirement. The alternative procedures do
not apply if the CEMS is used continuously to determine compliance with the relevant standard.
(ii) Petition to use alternative to relative accuracy test. The petition to use an alternative to
the relative accuracy test shall include a detailed description of the procedures to be applied, the location and
the procedure for conducting the alternative, the concentration or response levels of the alternative relative
accuracy materials, and the other equipment checks included in the alternative procedure(s). The
Administrator will review the petition for completeness and applicability. The Administrator’s determination
to approve an alternative will depend on the intended use of the CEMS data and may require specifications
more stringent than in Performance Specification 2.
(iii) Rescission of approval to use alternative to relative accuracy test. The Administrator
will review the permission to use an alternative to the CEMS relative accuracy test and may rescind such
permission if the CEMS data from a successful completion of the alternative relative accuracy procedure
indicate that the affected source’s emissions are approaching the level of the relevant standard. The criterion
for reviewing the permission is that the collection of CEMS data shows that emissions have exceeded 70
percent of the relevant standard for any averaging period, as specified in the relevant standard. For affected
sources subject to emission limitations expressed as control efficiency levels, the criterion for reviewing the
permission is that the collection of CEMS data shows that exhaust emissions have exceeded 70 percent of the
level needed to meet the control efficiency requirement for any averaging period, as specified in the relevant
standard. The owner or operator of the affected source shall maintain records and determine the level of
emissions relative to the criterion for permission to use an alternative for relative accuracy testing. If this
criterion is exceeded, the owner or operator shall notify the Administrator within 10 days of such occurrence
and include a description of the nature and cause of the increased emissions. The Administrator will review
the notification and may rescind permission to use an alternative and require the owner or operator to conduct
a relative accuracy test of the CEMS as specified in section 7 of Performance Specification 2.
(g) Reduction of monitoring data.
(1) (1) The owner or operator of each CMS must reduce the monitoring data as specified in
paragraphs (g)(1) through (5) of this section.
(2) The owner or operator of each COMS shall reduce all data to 6-minute averages calculated from
36 or more data points equally spaced over each 6-minute period. Data from CEMS for measurement other
than opacity, unless otherwise specified in the relevant standard, shall be reduced to 1-hour averages
computed from four or more data points equally spaced over each 1-hour period, except during periods when
calibration, quality assurance, or maintenance activities pursuant to provisions of this part are being
performed. During these periods, a valid hourly average shall consist of at least two data points with each
representing a 15-minute period. Alternatively, an arithmetic or integrated 1-hour average of CEMS data may
be used. Time periods for averaging are defined in § 63.2.
(3) The data may be recorded in reduced or nonreduced form (e.g., ppm pollutant and percent O2 or
ng/J of pollutant).
(4) All emission data shall be converted into units of the relevant standard for reporting purposes
using the conversion procedures specified in that standard. After conversion into units of the relevant
standard, the data may be rounded to the same number of significant digits as used in that standard to specify
the emission limit (e.g., rounded to the nearest 1 percent opacity).
(5) Monitoring data recorded during periods of unavoidable CMS breakdowns, out-of-control periods,
repairs, maintenance periods, calibration checks, and zero (low-level) and high-level adjustments must not be
included in any data average computed under this part. For the owner or operator complying with the
requirements of § 63.10(b)(2)(vii)(A) or (B), data averages must include any data recorded during periods of
monitor breakdown or malfunction.
§ 63.9 Notification requirements.
(a) Applicability and general information.
(1) The applicability of this section is set out in § 63.1(a)(4).
(2) For affected sources that have been granted an extension of compliance under subpart D of this
part, the requirements of this section do not apply to those sources while they are operating under such
compliance extensions.
(3) If any State requires a notice that contains all the information required in a notification listed in
this section, the owner or operator may send the Administrator a copy of the notice sent to the State to satisfy
the requirements of this section for that notification.
(4) (i) Before a State has been delegated the authority to implement and enforce notification
requirements established under this part, the owner or operator of an affected source in such State subject to
such requirements shall submit notifications to the appropriate Regional Office of the EPA (to the attention of
the Director of the Division indicated in the list of the EPA Regional Offices in § 63.13).
(ii) After a State has been delegated the authority to implement and enforce notification
requirements established under this part, the owner or operator of an affected source in such State subject to
such requirements shall submit notifications to the delegated State authority (which may be the same as the
permitting authority). In addition, if the delegated (permitting) authority is the State, the owner or operator
shall send a copy of each notification submitted to the State to the appropriate Regional Office of the EPA, as
specified in paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section. The Regional Office may waive this requirement for any
notifications at its discretion.
(b) Initial notifications. Sec. 63.850(a)(9) includes requirement for startup of an existing affected source
that has been shut down.
(1) (i) The requirements of this paragraph apply to the owner or operator of an affected source
when such source becomes subject to a relevant standard.
(ii) If an area source that otherwise would be subject to an emission standard or other
requirement established under this part if it were a major source subsequently increases its emissions of
hazardous air pollutants (or its potential to emit hazardous air pollutants) such that the source is a major
source that is subject to the emission standard or other requirement, such source shall be subject to the
notification requirements of this section.
(iii) Affected sources that are required under this paragraph to submit an initial notification
may use the application for approval of construction or reconstruction under § 63.5(d) of this subpart, if
relevant, to fulfill the initial notification requirements of this paragraph.
(2) The owner or operator of an affected source that has an initial startup before the effective date of a
relevant standard under this part shall notify the Administrator in writing that the source is subject to the
relevant standard. The notification, which shall be submitted not later than 120 calendar days after the
effective date of the relevant standard (or within 120 calendar days after the source becomes subject to the
relevant standard), shall provide the following information:
(i) The name and address of the owner or operator;
(ii) The address (i.e., physical location) of the affected source;
(iii) An identification of the relevant standard, or other requirement, that is the basis of the
notification and the source’s compliance date;
(iv) A brief description of the nature, size, design, and method of operation of the source and
an identification of the types of emission points within the affected source subject to the relevant standard and
types of hazardous air pollutants emitted; and
(v) A statement of whether the affected source is a major source or an area source.
(3) [Reserved]
(4) The owner or operator of a new or reconstructed major affected source for which an application
for approval of construction or reconstruction is required under § 63.5(d) must provide the following
information in writing to the Administrator:
(i) A notification of intention to construct a new major-emitting affected source, reconstruct a
major-emitting affected source, or reconstruct a major source such that the source becomes a major-emitting
affected source with the application for approval of construction or reconstruction as specified in
§ 63.5(d)(1)(i); and
(ii) [Reserved]
(iii) [Reserved]
(iv) [Reserved]; and
(v) A notification of the actual date of startup of the source, delivered or postmarked within
15 calendar days after that date.
(5) The owner or operator of a new or reconstructed affected source for which an application for
approval of construction or reconstruction is not required under § 63.5(d) must provide the following
information in writing to the Administrator:
(i) A notification of intention to construct a new affected source, reconstruct an affected
source, or reconstruct a source such that the source becomes an affected source, and
(ii) A notification of the actual date of startup of the source, delivered or postmarked within
15 calendar days after that date.
(iii) Unless the owner or operator has requested and received prior permission from the
Administrator to submit less than the information in § 63.5(d), the notification must include the
information required on the application for approval of construction or reconstruction as specified in
§ 63.5(d)(1)(i).
(c) Request for extension of compliance. If the owner or operator of an affected source cannot
comply with a relevant standard by the applicable compliance date for that source, or if the owner or operator
has installed BACT or technology to meet LAER consistent with § 63.6(i)(5) of this subpart, he/she may
submit to the Administrator (or the State with an approved permit program) a request for an extension of
compliance as specified in § 63.6(i)(4) through § 63.6(i)(6).
(d) Notification that source is subject to special compliance requirements. An owner or operator of a new
source that is subject to special compliance requirements as specified in § 63.6(b)(3) and § 63.6(b)(4) shall
notify the Administrator of his/her compliance obligations not later than the notification dates established in
paragraph (b) of this section for new sources that are not subject to the special provisions.
(e) Notification of performance test. Subpart LL specifies notification of performance tests.
(f) Notification of opacity and visible emission observations. Notification is required only when
incorporating the NSPS requirements under § 63.845.
(g) Additional notification requirements for sources with continuous monitoring systems. Not applicable.
(h) Notification of compliance status.
(1) The requirements of paragraphs (h)(2) through (h)(4)of this section apply when an affected source
becomes subject to a relevant standard.
(2) (i) Before a title V permit has been issued to the owner or operator of an affected source, and
each time a notification of compliance status is required under this part, the owner or operator of such source
shall submit to the Administrator a notification of compliance status, signed by the responsible official who
shall certify its accuracy, attesting to whether the source has complied with the relevant standard. The
notification shall list -
(A) The methods that were used to determine compliance;
(B) The results of any performance tests, opacity or visible emission observations,
continuous monitoring system (CMS) performance evaluations, and/or other monitoring procedures or
methods that were conducted;
(C) The methods that will be used for determining continuing compliance, including
a description of monitoring and reporting requirements and test methods;
(D) The type and quantity of hazardous air pollutants emitted by the source (or
surrogate pollutants if specified in the relevant standard), reported in units and averaging times and in
accordance with the test methods specified in the relevant standard;
(E) If the relevant standard applies to both major and area sources, an analysis
demonstrating whether the affected source is a major source (using the emissions data generated for this
notification);
(F) A description of the air pollution control equipment (or method) for each
emission point, including each control device (or method) for each hazardous air pollutant and the control
efficiency (percent) for each control device (or method); and
(G) A statement by the owner or operator of the affected existing, new, or
reconstructed source as to whether the source has complied with the relevant standard or other requirements.
(ii) The notification must be sent before the close of business on the 60th day following the
completion of the relevant compliance demonstration activity specified in the relevant standard (unless a
different reporting period is specified in the standard, in which case the letter must be sent before the close of
business on the day the report of the relevant testing or monitoring results is required to be delivered or
postmarked). For example, the notification shall be sent before close of business on the 60th (or other
required) day following completion of the initial performance test and again before the close of business on
the 60th (or other required) day following the completion of any subsequent required performance test. If no
performance test is required but opacity or visible emission observations are required to demonstrate
compliance with an opacity or visible emission standard under this part, the notification of compliance status
shall be sent before close of business on the 30th day following the completion of opacity or visible emission
observations. Notifications may be combined as long as the due date requirement for each notification is met.
(3) After a title V permit has been issued to the owner or operator of an affected source, the owner or
operator of such source shall comply with all requirements for compliance status reports contained in the
source’s title V permit, including reports required under this part. After a title V permit has been issued to the
owner or operator of an affected source, and each time a notification of compliance status is required under
this part, the owner or operator of such source shall submit the notification of compliance status to the
appropriate permitting authority following completion of the relevant compliance demonstration activity
specified in the relevant standard.
(4) [Reserved]
(5) If an owner or operator of an affected source submits estimates or preliminary information in the
application for approval of construction or reconstruction required in § 63.5(d) in place of the actual
emissions data or control efficiencies required in paragraphs (d)(1)(ii)(H) and (d)(2) of § 63.5, the owner or
operator shall submit the actual emissions data and other correct information as soon as available but no later
than with the initial notification of compliance status required in this section.
(6) Advice on a notification of compliance status may be obtained from the Administrator.
(i) Adjustment to time periods or postmark deadlines for submittal and review of required
communications.
(1) (i) Until an adjustment of a time period or postmark deadline has been approved
by the Administrator under paragraphs (i)(2) and (i)(3) of this section, the owner or operator
of an affected source remains strictly subject to the requirements of this part.
(ii) An owner or operator shall request the adjustment provided for in paragraphs (i)(2) and
(i)(3) of this section each time he or she wishes to change an applicable time period or postmark deadline
specified in this part.
(2) Notwithstanding time periods or postmark deadlines specified in this part for the submittal of
information to the Administrator by an owner or operator, or the review of such information by the
Administrator, such time periods or deadlines may be changed by mutual agreement between the owner or
operator and the Administrator. An owner or operator who wishes to request a change in a time period or
postmark deadline for a particular requirement shall request the adjustment in writing as soon as practicable
before the subject activity is required to take place. The owner or operator shall include in the request
whatever information he or she considers useful to convince the Administrator that an adjustment is
warranted.
(3) If, in the Administrator’s judgment, an owner or operator’s request for an adjustment to a
particular time period or postmark deadline is warranted, the Administrator will approve the adjustment. The
Administrator will notify the owner or operator in writing of approval or disapproval of the request for an
adjustment within 15 calendar days of receiving sufficient information to evaluate the request.
(4) If the Administrator is unable to meet a specified deadline, he or she will notify the owner or
operator of any significant delay and inform the owner or operator of the amended schedule.
(j) Change in information already provided. Any change in the information already provided
under this section shall be provided to the Administrator in writing within 15 calendar days after the change.
§ 63.10 Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
(a) Applicability and general information.
(1) The applicability of this section is set out in § 63.1(a)(4).
(2) For affected sources that have been granted an extension of compliance under subpart D of this
part, the requirements of this section do not apply to those sources while they are operating under such
compliance extensions.
(3) If any State requires a report that contains all the information required in a report listed in this
section, an owner or operator may send the Administrator a copy of the report sent to the
State to satisfy the requirements of this section for that report.
(4) (i) Before a State has been delegated the authority to implement and enforce recordkeeping
and reporting requirements established under this part, the owner or operator of an affected source in such
State subject to such requirements shall submit reports to the appropriate Regional Office of the EPA (to the
attention of the Director of the Division indicated in the list of the EPA Regional Offices in § 63.13).
(ii) After a State has been delegated the authority to implement and enforce recordkeeping
and reporting requirements established under this part, the owner or operator of an affected source in such
State subject to such requirements shall submit reports to the delegated State authority (which may be the
same as the permitting authority). In addition, if the delegated (permitting) authority is the State, the owner or
operator shall send a copy of each report submitted to the State to the appropriate Regional Office of the EPA,
as specified in paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section. The Regional Office may waive this requirement for any
reports at its discretion.
(5) If an owner or operator of an affected source in a State with delegated authority is required to
submit periodic reports under this part to the State, and if the State has an established
timeline for the submission of periodic reports that is consistent with the reporting frequency(ies)
specified for such source under this part, the owner or operator may change the dates by which
periodic reports under this part shall be submitted (without changing the frequency of reporting) to be
consistent with the State’s schedule by mutual agreement between the owner or operator and the State. For
each relevant standard established pursuant to section 112 of the Act, the allowance in the previous sentence
applies in each State beginning 1 year after the affected source’s compliance date for that standard.
Procedures governing the implementation of this provision are specified in § 63.9(i).
(6) If an owner or operator supervises one or more stationary sources affected by more than one
standard established pursuant to section 112 of the Act, he/she may arrange by mutual agreement between the
owner or operator and the Administrator (or the State permitting authority) a common schedule on which
periodic reports required for each source shall be submitted throughout the year. The allowance in the
previous sentence applies in each State beginning 1 year after the latest compliance date for any relevant
standard established pursuant to section 112 of the Act for any such affected source(s). Procedures governing
the implementation of this provision are specified in § 63.9(i).
(7) If an owner or operator supervises one or more stationary sources affected by standards
established pursuant to section 112 of the Act (as amended November 15, 1990) and standards set under part
60, part 61, or both such parts of this chapter, he/she may arrange by mutual agreement between the owner or
operator and the Administrator (or the State permitting authority) a common schedule on which periodic
reports required by each relevant (i.e., applicable) standard shall be submitted throughout the year. The
allowance in the previous sentence applies in each State beginning 1 year after the stationary source is
required to be in compliance with the relevant section 112 standard, or 1 year after the stationary source is
required to be in compliance with the applicable part 60 or part 61 standard, whichever is latest. Procedures
governing the implementation of this provision are specified in § 63.9(i).
(b) General recordkeeping requirements.
(1) The owner or operator of an affected source subject to the provisions of this part shall maintain
files of all information (including all reports and notifications) required by this part recorded in a form
suitable and readily available for expeditious inspection and review. The files shall be retained for at least 5
years following the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.
At a minimum, the most recent 2 years of data shall be retained on site. The remaining 3 years of data may be
retained off site. Such files may be maintained on microfilm, on a computer, on computer floppy disks, on
magnetic tape disks, or on microfiche.
(2) The owner or operator of an affected source subject to the provisions of this part shall maintain
relevant records for such source of -
(i) The occurrence and duration of each startup, shutdown, or malfunction of operation (i.e.,
process equipment);
(ii) The occurrence and duration of each malfunction of the required air pollution control and
monitoring equipment;
(iii) All required maintenance performed on the air pollution control and monitoring
equipment;
(iv) Actions taken during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction (including corrective
actions to restore malfunctioning process and air pollution control and monitoring equipment to its normal or
usual manner of operation) when such actions are different from the procedures specified in the affected
source's startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (see § 63.6(e)(3));
(v) All information necessary to demonstrate conformance with the affected source's startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan (see § 63.6(e)(3)) when all actions taken during periods of startup,
shutdown, and malfunction (including corrective actions to restore malfunctioning process and air pollution
control and monitoring equipment to its normal or usual manner of operation) are consistent with the
procedures specified in such plan. (The information needed to demonstrate conformance with the startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan may be recorded using a "checklist," or some other effective form of
recordkeeping, in order to minimize the recordkeeping burden for conforming events);
(vi) Each period during which a CMS is malfunctioning or inoperative (including out-of-
control periods);
(vii) All required measurements needed to demonstrate compliance with a relevant standard
(including, but not limited to, 15-minute averages of CMS data, raw performance testing measurements, and
raw performance evaluation measurements, that support data that the source is required to report);
(A) This paragraph applies to owners or operators required to install a
continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) where the CEMS installed is automated, and where the
calculated data averages do not exclude periods of CEMS breakdown or malfunction. An automated CEMS
records and reduces the measured data to the form of the pollutant emission standard through the use of a
computerized data acquisition system. In lieu of maintaining a file of all CEMS subhourly measurements as
required under paragraph (b)(2)(vii) of this section, the owner or operator shall retain the most recent
consecutive three averaging periods of subhourly measurements and a file that contains a hard copy of the
data acquisition system algorithm used to reduce the measured data into the reportable form of the standard.
(B) This paragraph applies to owners or operators required to install a
CEMS where the measured data is manually reduced to obtain the reportable form of the standard, and where
the calculated data averages do not exclude periods of CEMS breakdown or malfunction. In lieu of
maintaining a file of all CEMS subhourly measurements as required under paragraph (b)(2)(vii) of this
sections, the owner or operator shall retain all subhourly measurements for the most recent reporting period.
The subhourly measurements shall be retained for 120 days from the date of the most recent summary or
excess emission report submitted to the Administrator.
(C) The Administrator or delegated authority, upon notification to the
source, may require the owner or operator to maintain all measurements as required by paragraph (b)(2)(vii),
if the administrator or the delegated authority determines these records are required to more accurately assess
the compliance status of the affected source.
(viii) All results of performance tests, CMS performance evaluations, and opacity and visible
emission observations;
(ix) All measurements as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests
and performance evaluations;
(x) All CMS calibration checks;
` (xi) All adjustments and maintenance performed on CMS;
(xii) Any information demonstrating whether a source is meeting the requirements for a
waiver of recordkeeping or reporting requirements under this part, if the source has been granted a waiver
under paragraph (f) of this section;
(xiii) All emission levels relative to the criterion for obtaining permission to use an
alternative to the relative accuracy test, if the source has been granted such permission under
§ 63.8(f)(6); and
(xiv) All documentation supporting initial notifications and notifications of compliance status
under § 63.9.
(3) Recordkeeping requirement for applicability determinations. If an owner or operator determines
that his or her stationary source that emits (or has the potential to emit, without considering controls) one or
more hazardous air pollutants regulated by any standard established pursuant to section 112(d) or (f), and that
stationary source is in the source category regulated by the relevant standard, but that source is not subject to
the relevant standard (or other requirement established under this part) because of limitations on the source's
potential to emit or an exclusion, the owner or operator must keep a record of the applicability determination
on site at the source for a period of 5 years after the determination, or until the source changes its operations
to become an affected source, whichever comes first. The record of the applicability determination must be
signed by the person making the determination and include an analysis (or other information) that
demonstrates why the owner or operator believes the source is unaffected (e.g., because the source is an area
source). The analysis (or other information) must be sufficiently detailed to allow the Administrator to make a
finding about the source's applicability status with regard to the relevant standard or other requirement. If
relevant, the analysis must be performed in accordance with requirements established in relevant subparts of
this part for this purpose for particular categories of stationary sources. If relevant, the analysis should be
performed in accordance with EPA guidance materials published to assist sources in making applicability
determinations under section 112, if any. The requirements to determine applicability of a standard under
§ 63.1(b)(3) and to record the results of that determination under paragraph (b)(3) of this section shall not by
themselves create an obligation for the owner or operator to obtain a title V permit.
(c) Additional recordkeeping requirements for sources with continuous monitoring systems. In
addition to complying with the requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section, the
owner or operator of an affected source required to install a CMS by a relevant standard shall maintain
records for such source of -
(1) All required CMS measurements (including monitoring data recorded during unavoidable CMS
breakdowns and out-of-control periods);
(2)–(4) [Reserved]
(5) The date and time identifying each period during which the CMS was inoperative except for zero
(low-level) and high-level checks;
(6) The date and time identifying each period during which the CMS was out of control, as defined in
§ 63.8(c)(7);
(7) The specific identification (i.e., the date and time of commencement and completion) of each
period of excess emissions and parameter monitoring exceedances, as defined in the relevant standard(s), that
occurs during startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions of the affected source;
(8) The specific identification (i.e., the date and time of commencement and completion) of each time
period of excess emissions and parameter monitoring exceedances, as defined in the relevant standard(s), that
occurs during periods other than startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions of the affected source;
(9) [Reserved]
(10) The nature and cause of any malfunction (if known);
(11) The corrective action taken or preventive measures adopted;
(12) The nature of the repairs or adjustments to the CMS that was inoperative or out of control;
(13) The total process operating time during the reporting period; and
(14) All procedures that are part of a quality control program developed and implemented for CMS
under § 63.8(d).
(15) In order to satisfy the requirements of paragraphs (c)(10) through (c)(12) of this section and to
avoid duplicative recordkeeping efforts, the owner or operator may use the affected source’s startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan or records kept to satisfy the recordkeeping requirements of the startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan specified in § 63.6(e), provided that such plan and records adequately
address the requirements of paragraphs (c)(10) through (c)(12).
(d) General reporting requirements.
(1) Not-withstanding the requirements in this paragraph or paragraph (e) of this section, the owner or
operator of an affected source subject to reporting requirements under this part shall submit reports to the
Administrator in accordance with the reporting requirements in the relevant standard(s).
(2) Reporting results of performance tests. Subpart LL specifies performance test reporting.
(3) Reporting results of opacity or visible emission observations. The owner or operator of an affected
source required to conduct opacity or visible emission observations by a relevant standard shall report the
opacity or visible emission results (produced using Test Method 9 or Test Method 22, or an alternative to
these test methods) along with the results of the performance test required under § 63.7. If no performance
test is required, or if visibility or other conditions prevent the opacity or visible emission observations from
being conducted concurrently with the performance test required under § 63.7, the owner or operator shall
report the opacity or visible emission results before the close of business on the 30th day following the
completion of the opacity or visible emission observations. Reporting is required only when incorporating
NSPS requirements under § 63.845.
(4) Progress reports. The owner or operator of an affected source who is required to submit progress
reports as a condition of receiving an extension of compliance under § 63.6(i) shall submit such reports to the
Administrator (or the State with an approved permit program) by the dates specified in the written extension
of compliance.
(5) (i) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. If actions taken by an owner or
operator during a startup, shutdown, or malfunction of an affected source (including actions taken to correct a
malfunction) are consistent with the procedures specified in the source's startup, shutdown, and malfunction
plan (see Sec. 63.6(e)(3)), the owner or operator shall state such information in a startup, shutdown, and
malfunction report. Such a report shall identify any instance where any action taken by an owner or operator
during a startup, shutdown, or malfunction (including actions taken to correct a malfunction) is not consistent
with the affected source's startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, but the source does not exceed any
applicable emission limitation in the relevant emission standard. Such a report shall also include the number,
duration, and a brief description for each type of malfunction which occurred during the reporting period and
which caused or may have caused any applicable emission limitation to be exceeded. Reports shall only be
required if a startup, shutdown, or malfunction occurred during the reporting period. The startup, shutdown,
and malfunction report shall consist of a letter, containing the name, title, and signature of the owner or
operator or other responsible official who is certifying its accuracy, that shall be submitted to the
Administrator semiannually (or on a more frequent basis if specified otherwise in a relevant standard or as
established otherwise by the permitting authority in the source's title V permit). The startup, shutdown, and
malfunction report shall be delivered or postmarked by the 30th day following the end of each calendar half
(or other calendar reporting period, as appropriate). If the owner or operator is required to submit excess
emissions and continuous monitoring system performance (or other periodic) reports under this part, the
startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports required under this paragraph may be submitted simultaneously
with the excess emissions and continuous monitoring system performance (or other) reports. If startup,
shutdown, and malfunction reports are submitted with excess emissions and continuous monitoring system
performance (or other periodic) reports, and the owner or operator receives approval to reduce the frequency
of reporting for the latter under paragraph (e) of this section, the frequency of reporting for the startup,
shutdown, and malfunction reports also may be reduced if the Administrator does not object to the intended
change. The procedures to implement the allowance in the preceding sentence shall be the same as the
procedures specified in paragraph (e)(3) of this section.
(ii) Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. Notwithstanding the
allowance to reduce the frequency of reporting for periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports under
paragraph (d)(5)(i) of this section, any time an action taken by an owner or operator during a startup,
shutdown, or malfunction (including actions taken to correct a malfunction) is not consistent with the
procedures specified in the affected source's startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, and the source exceeds
any applicable emission limitation in the relevant emission standard, the owner or operator shall report the
actions taken for that event within 2 working days after commencing actions inconsistent with the plan
followed by a letter within 7 working days after the end of the event. The immediate report required under
this paragraph (d)(5)(ii) shall consist of a telephone call (or facsimile (FAX) transmission) to the
Administrator within 2 working days after commencing actions inconsistent with the plan, and it shall be
followed by a letter, delivered or postmarked within 7 working days after the end of the event, that contains
the name, title, and signature of the owner or operator or other responsible official who is certifying its
accuracy, explaining the circumstances of the event, the reasons for not following the startup, shutdown, and
malfunction plan, and describing all excess emissions and/or parameter monitoring exceedances which are
believed to have occurred. Notwithstanding the requirements of the previous sentence, after the effective date
of an approved permit program in the State in which an affected source is located, the owner or operator may
make alternative reporting arrangements, in advance, with the permitting authority in that State. Procedures
governing the arrangement of alternative reporting requirements under this paragraph (d)(5)(ii) are specified
in Sec. 63.9(i).
(e) Additional reporting requirements for sources with continuous monitoring systems -
(1) General. When more than one CEMS is used to measure the emissions from one affected source
(e.g., multiple breechings, multiple outlets), the owner or operator shall report the results as required for each
CEMS.
(2) Reporting results of continuous monitoring system performance evaluations. Subpart LL does
not require performance evaluation for CMS.
(3) Excess emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and summary report.
(i) Excess emissions and parameter monitoring exceedances are defined in relevant standards.
The owner or operator of an affected source required to install a CMS by a relevant standard shall submit an
excess emissions and continuous monitoring system performance report and/or a summary report to the
Administrator semiannually, except when -
(A) More frequent reporting is specifically required by a relevant standard;
(B) The Administrator determines on a case-by-case basis that more frequent
reporting is necessary to accurately assess the compliance status of the source; or
(C) [Reserved].
(ii) Request to reduce frequency of excess emissions and continuous monitoring system
performance reports. Notwithstanding the frequency of reporting requirements specified in paragraph (e)(3)(i)
of this section, an owner or operator who is required by a relevant standard to submit excess emissions and
continuous monitoring system performance (and summary) reports on a quarterly (or more frequent) basis
may reduce the frequency of reporting for that standard to semiannual if the following conditions are met:
(A) For 1 full year (e.g., 4 quarterly or 12 monthly reporting periods) the affected
source’s excess emissions and continuous monitoring system performance reports continually demonstrate
that the source is in compliance with the relevant standard;
(B) The owner or operator continues to comply with all recordkeeping and
monitoring requirements specified in this subpart and the relevant standard; and
(C) The Administrator does not object to a reduced frequency of reporting for the
affected source, as provided in paragraph (e)(3)(iii) of this section.
(iii) The frequency of reporting of excess emissions and continuous monitoring system
performance (and summary) reports required to comply with a relevant standard may be reduced only after
the owner or operator notifies the Administrator in writing of his or her intention to make such a change and
the Administrator does not object to the intended change. In deciding whether to approve a reduced frequency
of reporting, the Administrator may review information concerning the source’s entire previous performance
history during the 5-year recordkeeping period prior to the intended change, including performance test
results, monitoring data, and evaluations of an owner or operator’s conformance with operation and
maintenance requirements. Such information may be used by the Administrator to make a judgment about the
source’s potential for noncompliance in the future. If the Administrator disapproves the owner or operator’s
request to reduce the frequency of reporting, the Administrator will notify the owner or operator in writing
within 45 days after receiving notice of the owner or operator’s intention. The notification from the
Administrator to the owner or operator will specify the grounds on which the disapproval is based. In the
absence of a notice of disapproval within 45 days, approval is automatically granted.
(iv) As soon as CMS data indicate that the source is not in compliance with any emission
limitation or operating parameter specified in the relevant standard, the frequency of reporting shall revert to
the frequency specified in the relevant standard, and the owner or operator shall submit an excess emissions
and continuous monitoring system performance (and summary) report for the noncomplying emission points
at the next appropriate reporting period following the noncomplying event. After demonstrating ongoing
compliance with the relevant standard for another full year, the owner or operator may again request approval
from the Administrator to reduce the frequency of reporting for that standard, as provided for in paragraphs
(e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii) of this section.
(v) Content and submittal dates for excess emissions and monitoring system performance
reports. All excess emissions and monitoring system performance reports and all summary reports, if
required, shall be delivered or postmarked by the 30th day following the end of each calendar half or quarter,
as appropriate. Written reports of excess emissions or exceedances of process or control system parameters
shall include all the information required in paragraphs (c)(5) through (c)(13) of this section, in § 63.8(c)(7)
and § 63.8(c)(8), and in the relevant standard, and they shall contain the name, title, and signature of the
responsible official who is certifying the accuracy of the report. When no excess emissions or exceedances of
a parameter have occurred, or a CMS has not been inoperative, out of control, repaired, or adjusted, such
information shall be stated in the report.
(vi) Summary report. As required under paragraphs (e)(3)(vii) and (e)(3)(viii) of this section,
one summary report shall be submitted for the hazardous air pollutants monitored at each affected source
(unless the relevant standard specifies that more than one summary report is required, e.g., one summary
report for each hazardous air pollutant monitored). The summary report shall be entitled ‘‘Summary Report -
Gaseous and Opacity Excess Emission and Continuous Monitoring System Performance’’ and shall contain
the following information:
(A) The company name and address of the affected source;
(B) An identification of each hazardous air pollutant monitored at the affected
source;
(C) The beginning and ending dates of the reporting period;
(D) A brief description of the process units;
(E) The emission and operating parameter limitations specified in the relevant
standard(s);
(F) The monitoring equipment manufacturer(s) and model number(s);
(G) The date of the latest CMS certification or audit;
(H) The total operating time of the affected source during the reporting period;
(I) An emission data summary (or similar summary if the owner or operator monitors
control system parameters), including the total duration of excess emissions during the reporting period
(recorded in minutes for opacity and hours for gases), the total duration of excess emissions expressed as a
percent of the total source operating time during that reporting period, and a breakdown of the total duration
of excess emissions during the reporting period into those that are due to startup/shutdown, control equipment
problems, process problems, other known causes, and other unknown causes;
(J) A CMS performance summary (or similar summary if the owner or operator
monitors control system parameters), including the total CMS downtime during the reporting period (recorded
in minutes for opacity and hours for gases), the total duration of CMS downtime expressed as a percent of the
total source operating time during that reporting period, and a breakdown of the total CMS downtime during
the reporting period into periods that are due to monitoring equipment malfunctions, nonmonitoring
equipment malfunctions, quality assurance/quality control calibrations, other known causes, and other
unknown causes;
(K) A description of any changes in CMS, processes, or controls since the last
reporting period;
(L) The name, title, and signature of the responsible official who is certifying the
accuracy of the report; and
(M) The date of the report.
(vii) If the total duration of excess emissions or process or control system parameter
exceedances for the reporting period is less than 1 percent of the total operating time for the reporting period,
and CMS downtime for the reporting period is less than 5 percent of the total operating time for the reporting
period, only the summary report shall be submitted, and the full excess emissions and continuous monitoring
system performance report need not be submitted unless required by the Administrator.
(viii) If the total duration of excess emissions or process or control system parameter
exceedances for the reporting period is 1 percent or greater of the total operating time for the reporting period,
or the total CMS downtime for the reporting period is 5 percent or greater of the total operating time for the
reporting period, both the summary report and the excess emissions and continuous monitoring system
performance report shall be submitted.
(4) Reporting continuous opacity monitoring system data produced during a performance test. The
owner or operator of an affected source required to use a COMS shall record the monitoring data produced
during a performance test required under § 63.7 and shall furnish the Administrator a written report of the
monitoring results. The report of COMS data shall be submitted simultaneously with the report of the
performance test results required in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
(f) Waiver of recordkeeping or reporting requirements.
(1) Until a waiver of a recordkeeping or reporting requirement has been granted by the
Administrator under this paragraph, the owner or operator of an affected source remains subject to the
requirements of this section.
(2) Recordkeeping or reporting requirements may be waived upon written application to the
Administrator if, in the Administrator’s judgment, the affected source is achieving the relevant standard(s), or
the source is operating under an extension of compliance, or the owner or operator has requested an extension
of compliance and the Administrator is still considering that request.
(3) If an application for a waiver of record-keeping or reporting is made, the application shall
accompany the request for an extension of compliance under § 63.6(i), any required compliance progress
report or compliance status report required under this part (such as under
§ 63.6(i) and § 63.9(h)) or in the source’s title V permit, or an excess emissions and continuous monitoring
system performance report required under paragraph (e) of this section, whichever is applicable. The
application shall include whatever information the owner or operator considers useful to convince the
Administrator that a waiver of recordkeeping or reporting is warranted.
(4) The Administrator will approve or deny a request for a waiver of recordkeeping or reporting
requirements under this paragraph when he/she -
(i) Approves or denies an extension of compliance; or
(ii) Makes a determination of compliance following the submission of a required compliance
status report or excess emissions and continuous monitoring systems performance report; or
(iii) Makes a determination of suitable progress towards compliance following the submission
of a compliance progress report, whichever is applicable.
(5) A waiver of any recordkeeping or reporting requirement granted under this paragraph may be
conditioned on other recordkeeping or reporting requirements deemed necessary by the Administrator.
(6) Approval of any waiver granted under this section shall not abrogate the Administrator’s authority
under the Act or in any way prohibit the Administrator from later canceling the waiver. The cancellation will
be made only after notice is given to the owner or operator of the affected source.
§ 63.11 Control device requirements.
Flares not applicable.
§ 63.12 State authority and delegations.
(a) The provisions of this part shall not be construed in any manner to preclude any State or political
subdivision thereof from -
(1) Adopting and enforcing any standard, limitation, prohibition, or other regulation applicable to an
affected source subject to the requirements of this part, provided that such standard, limitation, prohibition, or
regulation is not less stringent than any requirement applicable to such source established under this part;
(2) Requiring the owner or operator of an affected source to obtain permits, licenses, or approvals
prior to initiating construction, reconstruction, modification, or operation of such source; or
(3) Requiring emission reductions in excess of those specified in subpart D of this part as a condition
for granting the extension of compliance authorized by section 112(i)(5) of the Act.
(b) (1) Section 112(l) of the Act directs the Administrator to delegate to each State, when appropriate, the
authority to implement and enforce standards and other requirements pursuant to section 112 for stationary
sources located in that State. Because of the unique nature of radioactive material, delegation of authority to
implement and enforce standards that control radionuclides may require separate approval.
(2) Subpart E of this part establishes procedures consistent with section 112(l) for the approval of
State rules or programs to implement and enforce applicable Federal rules promulgated under the authority of
section 112. Subpart E also establishes procedures for the review and withdrawal of section 112
implementation and enforcement authorities granted through a section 112(l) approval.
(c) All information required to be submitted to the EPA under this part also shall be submitted to
the appropriate State agency of any State to which authority has been delegated under section 112(l) of the
Act, provided that each specific delegation may exempt sources from a certain Federal or State reporting
requirement. The Administrator may permit all or some of the information to be submitted to the appropriate
State agency only, instead of to the EPA and the State agency.
§ 63.13 Addresses of State air pollution control agencies and EPA Regional Offices.
(a) All requests, reports, applications, submittals, and other communications to the Administrator
pursuant to this part shall be submitted to the appropriate Regional Office of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency indicated as follows:
EPA Region IV; Director; Air, Pesticides and Toxics, Management Division; Atlanta Federal Center, 61
Forsyth Street; Atlanta, GA 30303-3104.
(b) All information required to be submitted to the Administrator under this part also shall be submitted to the
appropriate State agency of any State to which authority has been delegated under section 112(l) of the Act.
The owner or operator of an affected source may contact the appropriate EPA Regional Office for the mailing
addresses for those States whose delegation requests have been approved.
(c) If any State requires a submittal that contains all the information required in an application,
notification, request, report, statement, or other communication required in this part, an owner or
operator may send the appropriate Regional Office of the EPA a copy of that submittal to satisfy the
requirements of this part for that communication.
§ 63.14 Incorporations by reference.
(a) The materials listed in this section are incorporated by reference in the corresponding sections noted.
These incorporations by reference were approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. These materials are incorporated as they exist on the date of the approval,
and notice of any change in these materials will be published in the Federal Register. The materials are
available for purchase at the corresponding addresses noted below, and all are available for inspection at the
Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington, DC, at the Air and
Radiation Docket and Information Center, U.S. EPA, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC, and at the EPA
Library (MD-35), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
(b) The following materials are available for purchase from at least one of the following addresses: American
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, Post Office Box C700, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959; or ProQuest, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
(1) ASTM D523-89, Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss, IBR approved for § 63.782.
(2) ASTM D1193-77, 91, Standard Specification for Reagent Water, IBR approved for Appendix A:
Method 306, Sections 7.1.1 and 7.4.2.
(3) ASTM D1331-89, Standard Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of
Surface Active Agents, IBR approved for Appendix A: Method 306B, Sections 6.2, 11.1, and 12.2.2.
(4) ASTM D1475-90, Standard Test Method for Density of Paint, Varnish Lacquer, and Related
Products, IBR approved for § 63.788, Appendix A.
(5) ASTM D1946-77, 90, 94, Standard Method for Analysis of Reformed Gas by Gas
Chromatography, IBR approved for § 63.11(b)(6).
(6) ASTM D2369-93, 95, Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings, IBR approved for
§ 63.788, Appendix A.
(7) ASTM D2382-76, 88, Heat of Combustion of Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (High-
Precision Method), IBR approved for § 63.11(b)(6).
(8) ASTM D2879-83, 96, Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial
Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniscope, IBR approved for § 63.111 of Subpart G.
(9) ASTM D3257-93, Standard Test Methods for Aromatics in Mineral Spirits by Gas
Chromatography, IBR approved for § 63.786(b).
(10) ASTM 3695-88, Standard Test Method for Volatile Alcohols in Water by Direct Aqueous-
Injection Gas Chromatography, IBR approved for § 63.365(e)(1) of Subpart O.
(11) ASTM D3792-91, Standard Method for Water Content of Water-Reducible Paints by Direct
Injection into a Gas Chromatograph, IBR approved for § 63.788, Appendix A.
(12) ASTM D3912-80, Standard Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Coatings Used in Light-
Water Nuclear Power Plants, IBR approved for § 63.782.
(13) ASTM D4017-90, 96a, Standard Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by the
Karl Fischer Titration Method, IBR approved for § 63.788, Appendix A.
(14) ASTM D4082-89, Standard Test Method for Effects of Gamma Radiation on Coatings for Use in
Light-Water Nuclear Power Plants, IBR approved for § 63.782.
(15) ASTM D4256-89, 94, Standard Test Method for Determination of the Decontaminability of
Coatings Used in Light-Water Nuclear Power Plants, IBR approved for § 63.782.
(16) ASTM D4809-95, Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels
by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method), IBR approved for § 63.11(b)(6).
(17) ASTM E180-93, Standard Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for
Analysis and Testing of Industrial Chemicals, IBR approved for § 63.786(b).
(18) ASTM E260-91, 96, General Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography, IBR approved
for §§ 63.750(b)(2) and 63.786(b)(5).
(19) Reserved
(20) Reserved
(21) ASTM D2099-00, Standard Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather
by the Maeser Water Penetration Tester, IBR approved for § 63.5350.
(24) ASTM D2697-86(1998) (Reapproved 1998), Standard Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile
Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings, IBR approved for §§63.4141(b)(1), 63.4741(b)(1), 63.4941(b)(1), and
63.5160(c).
(25) ASTM D6093-97, Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or
Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer, IBR approved for §§63.4141(b)(1), 63.4741(b)(1),
63.4941(b)(1), and 63.5160(c).
(26) ASTM D1475-98, Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related
Products, IBR approved for §§ 63.4141(b)(3) and 63.4141(c).
(27) ASTM D 6522-00, Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon
Monoxide and Oxygen concentrations in Emissions from Natural Gas Fired Reciprocating Engines,
Combustion Turbines, Boilers, and Process heaters Using Portable Analyzers, IBR approved for Sec.
63.9307(c)(2).
(28) [Reserved]
(29) ASTM D6420-99, Standard Test Method for Determination of Gaseous Organic Compounds by
Direct Interface Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, IBR approved for §§ 63.5799 and 63.5850.
(c) The materials listed below are available for purchase from the American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L
Street, NW., Washington, DC 20005.
(1) API Publication 2517, Evaporative Loss from External Floating-Roof Tanks, Third Edition,
February 1989, IBR approved for § 63.111 of subpart G of this part.
(2) API Publication 2518, Evaporative Loss from Fixed-roof Tanks, Second Edition, October 1991,
IBR approved for § 63.150(g)(3)(i)(C) of subpart G of this part.
(3) API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Specifications (MPMS) Chapter 19.2, Evaporative Loss
From Floating-Roof Tanks (formerly API Publications 2517 and 2519), First Edition, April 1997, IBR
approved for § 63.1251 of subpart GGG of this part.
(d) State and Local Requirements. The materials listed below are available at the Air and Radiation Docket
and Information Center, U.S. EPA, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC.
(1) California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the Air Toxics Program, January 5, 1999, IBR
approved for § 63.99(a)(5)(ii) of subpart E of this part.
(2) New Jersey's Toxic Catastrophe Prevention Act Program, (July 20, 1998), Incorporation By
Reference approved for § 63.99 (a)(30)(i) of subpart E of this part.
(3) (i) Letter of June 7, 1999 to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 3 from the
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control requesting formal full delegation to
take over primary responsibility for implementation and enforcement of the Chemical Accident Prevention
Program under Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
(ii) Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Division of Air
and Waste Management, Accidental Release Prevention Regulation, sections 1 through 5 and sections
7 through 14, effective January 11, 1999, IBR approved for § 63.99(a)(8)(i) of subpart E of this part.
(iii) State of Delaware Regulations Governing the Control of Air Pollution (October 2000),
IBR approved for § 63.99(a)(8)(ii)-(v) of subpart E of this part.
(e) The materials listed below are available for purchase from the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Springfield, VA 22161, (800) 553-6847.
(1) Handbook 44, Specificiations, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and
Measuring Devices 1998, IBR approved for § 63.1303(e)(3).
(2) [Reserved]
(f) The following material is available from the National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream
Improvement, Inc. (NCASI), P. O. Box 133318, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-3318 or at
http://www.ncasi.org: NCASI Method DI/MEOH-94.02, Methanol in Process Liquids GC/FID (Gas
Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detection), August 1998, Methods Manual, NCASI, Research Triangle
Park, NC, IBR approved for § 63.457(c)(3)(ii) of subpart S of this part.
(g) The materials listed below are available for purchase from AOAC International, Customer Services, Suite
400, 2200 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia, 22201-3301, Telephone (703) 522-3032, Fax (703) 522-
5468.
(1) AOAC Official Method 978.01 Phosphorus (Total) in Fertilizers, Automated Method, Sixteenth
edition, 1995, IBR approved for § 63.626(d)(3)(vi).
(2) AOAC Official Method 969.02 Phosphorus (Total) in Fertilizers, Alkalimetric Quinolinium
Molybdophosphate Method, Sixteenth edition, 1995, IBR approved for § 63.626(d)(3)(vi).
(3) AOAC Official Method 962.02 Phosphorus (Total) in Fertilizers, Gravimetric Quinolinium
Molybdophosphate Method, Sixteenth edition, 1995, IBR approved for § 63.626(d)(3)(vi).
(4) AOAC Official Method 957.02 Phosphorus (Total) in Fertilizers, Preparation of Sample Solution,
Sixteenth edition, 1995, IBR approved for § 63.626(d)(3)(vi).
(5) AOAC Official Method 929.01 Sampling of Solid Fertilizers, Sixteenth edition, 1995, IBR
approved for § 63.626(d)(3)(vi).
(6) AOAC Official Method 929.02 Preparation of Fertilizer Sample, Sixteenth edition, 1995, IBR
approved for § 63.626(d)(3)(vi).
(7) AOAC Official Method 958.01 Phosphorus (Total) in Fertilizers, Spectrophotometric
Molybdovanadophosphate Method, Sixteenth edition, 1995, IBR approved for § 63.626(d)(3)(vi).
(h) The materials listed below are available for purchase from The Association of Florida Phosphate
Chemists, P.O. Box 1645, Bartow, Florida, 33830, Book of Methods Used and Adopted By The Association
of Florida Phosphate Chemists, Seventh Edition 1991, IBR.
(1) Section IX, Methods of Analysis for Phosphate Rock, No. 1 Preparation of Sample, IBR approved
for § 63.606(c)(3)(ii) and § 63.626(c)(3)(ii).
(2) Section IX, Methods of Analysis for Phosphate Rock, No. 3 Phosphorus -- P2O5 or Ca3(PO4)2,
Method A-Volumetric Method, IBR approved for § 63.606(c)(3)(ii) and § 63.626(c)(3)(ii).
(3) Section IX, Methods of Analysis for Phosphate Rock, No. 3 Phosphorus-P2O5 or Ca3(PO4)2,
Method B -- Gravimetric Quimociac Method, IBR approved for § 63.606(c)(3)(ii) and § 63.626(c)(3)(ii).
(4) Section IX, Methods of Analysis For Phosphate Rock, No. 3 Phosphorus-P2O5 or Ca3(PO4)2,
Method C -- Spectrophotometric Method, IBR approved for § 63.606(c)(3)(ii) and § 63.626(c)(3)(ii).
(5) Section XI, Methods of Analysis for Phosphoric Acid, Superphosphate, Triple Superphosphate,
and Ammonium Phosphates, No. 3 Total Phosphorus-P2O5, Method A -- Volumetric Method, IBR approved
for § 63.606(c)(3)(ii), § 63.626(c)(3)(ii), and § 63.626(d)(3)(v).
(6) Section XI, Methods of Analysis for Phosphoric Acid, Superphosphate, Triple Superphosphate,
and Ammonium Phosphates, No. 3 Total Phosphorus-P2O5, Method B -- Gravimetric Quimociac Method,
IBR approved for § 63.606(c)(3)(ii), § 63.626(c)(3)(ii), and § 63.626(d)(3)(v).
(7) Section XI, Methods of Analysis for Phosphoric Acid, Superphosphate, Triple Superphosphate,
and Ammonium Phosphates, No. 3 Total Phosphorus-P2O5, Method C -- Spectrophotometric Method, IBR
approved for § 63.606(c)(3)(ii), § 63.626(c)(3)(ii), and § 63.626(d)(3)(v).
(i) The following materials are available for purchase from at least one of the following addresses: ASME
International, Orders/Inquiries, P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900; or Global Engineering Documents,
Sales Department, 15 Inverness Way East,
Englewood, CO 80112.
(1) ASME standard number QHO-1-1994, ``Standard for the Qualification and Certification of
Hazardous Waste Incinerator Operators,'' IBR approved for Sec. 63.1206(c)(6)(iii).
(2) ASME standard number QHO-1a-1996 Addenda to QHO-1-1994, ``Standard for the
Qualification and Certification of Hazardous Waste Incinerator Operators,'' IBR approved for Sec.
63.1206(c)(6)(iii).
(3) ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981, ``Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses [Part 10, Instruments and
Apparatus],'' IBR approved for Sec. Sec. 63.865(b), 63.3360(e)(1)(iii), 63.4166(a)(3), 63.4362(a)(3),
63.4766(a)(3), 63.4965(a)(3), 63.5160(d)(1)(iii), 63.9307(c)(2), and 63.9323(a)(3).
(j) [Reserved]
(k) The following material may be obtained from U.S. EPA, Office of Solid Waste (5305W), 1200
Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460:
(1) Method 9071B, ``n-Hexane Extractable Material(HEM) for Sludge, Sediment, and Solid
Samples,'' (Revision 2, April 1998) as published in EPA Publication SW-846: ``Test Methods for Evaluating
Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods.'' The incorporation by reference of Method 9071B is approved for
Section 63.7824(e) of Subpart FFFFF of this part.
§ 63.15 Availability of information and confidentiality.
(a) Availability of information.
(1) With the exception of information protected through part 2 of
this chapter, all reports, records, and other information collected by the Administrator under this
part are available to the public. In addition, a copy of each permit application, compliance plan (including the
schedule of compliance), notification of compliance status, excess emissions and continuous monitoring
systems performance report, and title V permit is available to the public, consistent with protections
recognized in section 503(e) of the Act.
(2) The availability to the public of information provided to or otherwise obtained by the
Administrator under this part shall be governed by part 2 of this chapter.
(b) Confidentiality.
(1) If an owner or operator is required to submit information entitled to protection from disclosure
under section 114(c) of the Act, the owner or operator may submit such information separately. The
requirements of section 114(c) shall apply to such information.
(2) The contents of a title V permit shall not be entitled to protection under section 114(c) of the Act;
however, information submitted as part of an application for a title V permit may be entitled to protection
from disclosure.