Community Notes for Midterm Page 1 of 5
9/24 Notes – Community Analysis and Nursing T. Lyons & L. Jones
Diagnosis/ Chapter 10 8 questions
Data Analysis-Why?
A. To study and examine data collected
B. Synthesis of data
C. Identify community strengths
D. Identify community health needs
E. Determine need for further data collection:
1. find if research has been done.
2. Data gaps: determine need for further data collection. Make sure you can
support data gaps with information from assessment.
F. Look for trends/patterns; how often do you see a recurrent theme?
G. Discovery of causative relationships: the R/T portion.
Basic Steps of Data Analysis(4)
A. Categorize-e.g. by demographics, commonalities. E.g. intra/extra community for
health and social services
B. Summarize
C. Compare
D. Inference/Interpretation
Categorize Data
E. There are many ways to sort and categorize data e.g. demographically by age
groups, by problem type
F. Geographic approaches may be used
G. Use of model; we are using the wheel from Neuman’s model.
H. Look for data convergence when categorizing-e.g. how many times do we see
data converging in different categories?
I. Look for commonalties, health resources that are available. SEC, age, etc.
Data Summary
J. Summary statements-summarize each table.
K. Summary statistics-put data into percentages and rates so that different
areas/communities can be compared. Raw numbers will not work to compare
different areas.
L. Graphic methods of data summary:
Community Notes for Midterm Page 2 of 5
9/24 Notes – Community Analysis and Nursing T. Lyons & L. Jones
Diagnosis/ Chapter 10 8 questions
1. Remember that tables need concise summary data. P. 222, can put population
statistics in graph.
2. Dependency Ratio: how many people in your community who can support the
dependents. Calcuation on page 225. Should do for both census tracts.
M. Data summarization facilitates ease of reading and spotting trends/patterns in data
Summary Statistics
N. Rates-vital statistics
O. Percentages-population characteristics
P. Ratios-sex, dependency, etc.
Q. Rank order listing-top ten causes of death
Examples of Summary Statements
R. When comparing community strengths and needs, it is observed…..
S. Community strengths established include….
T. Through visual inspection as well as interviews of residents, it was found…
U. Public health services in the community include….
Other Data Summary Methods
V. Tables
W. Graphs
X. Charts
Y. Mapping – summarizing boundaries
Z. Pictures-can be put into appendix and does not count towards page count of final
community assessment paper.
AA. Photographs
BB. Population pyramid-see page 222 in text for example.
Data Comparison
CC. Facilitates identification of data gaps, omissions, inaccuracies
DD. Determine if a trend or pattern exists, especially if data are collected from
past to present
EE.Data comparison “gold standard” or benchmark
Data Comparison Standards
FF. Select standard similar to community
Community Notes for Midterm Page 3 of 5
9/24 Notes – Community Analysis and Nursing T. Lyons & L. Jones
Diagnosis/ Chapter 10 8 questions
GG. Use of higher level than study community, e. g. city, state, or national
levels
HH. May compare different areas or regions of city, county, state, e. g. North
side compared to South side
II. Schools to same type of school, other districts or district as whole
JJ. Aggregates may be compared to different groups or similar groups elsewhere:
Example, seniors who express a desire to have better access to healthcare or
teens attitudes towards drug use in one area as compared with teen attitudes
towards drug use in another area.
KK. Previous studies may be used for problems, diseases
LL. Norms for developmental stages, ages, ethnic groups may be used
MM. National Health Objectives statistics; Healthy People 2010 statistics are
available to compare data to. Use this with intervention.
Inference & Interpretation – chapter 10, table 10.1 & 10.5
NN. Formulate conclusions with interpretative statements
OO. Justify conclusions – use references such as interview quotes or statistical
data
PP. Cite comparison standards e.g. rates, ratios and/or percentages
QQ. Formulate lists of strengths and needs
RR. Distinguish between fact and opinion
SS. Validity of source
Community Nursing Diagnosis: from inferences and summary statements.
TT.Need to depart from NANDA as it is more individual focused
UU. Appropriate for primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention
VV. Implies that the community/aggregate is target of intervention
WW. Compare strengths to community needs in table format. Take the two
needs you find to be most significant. List should be longer than two.
XX.From inferences and summary statements, make a final summary statement.
Community Notes for Midterm Page 4 of 5
9/24 Notes – Community Analysis and Nursing T. Lyons & L. Jones
Diagnosis/ Chapter 10 8 questions
YY. Encompasses (what the nursing diagnosis could be)
1. health risks
2. vulnerable groups
3. health problems
4. lack of services
5. health promotion
6. potential risks
Framing the Community Nursing Dx
ZZ. Description of the problem, response, or state-come from the inferences of
community
AAA. Identification of factors etiologically related-causes
BBB. AEB -Signs and symptoms that characterize the problem/concern; they
may come from other subsystems.
D. Nursing diagnosis is the final, summary statement: E.g. Increased fear of crime
related to young kids on crime sprees as evidenced by….supporting data.
Validating the Comm. Nsg. Dx
CCC. Collection of more data
DDD. Surveys – fast-good way to validate by opinion. E.g. Eight out of ten
people surveyed agree that…blah blah blah
EEE. Interview of residents, business owners, service providers
FFF. Analysis of other studies of the community; does not have to be r/t this
particular community. Secondary Data.
Examples of Community Nursing Diagnoses
GGG. Description of problem, response, state (have problem and degree of
reaction)
1. High rate of dental caries (e.g. problem = caries; deg. of rxn = high rate)
2. Potential for mugging and criminal victimization
3. Inadequate family planning services
4. Incomplete immunization status of preschool children
HHH. Factors etiologically related
Community Notes for Midterm Page 5 of 5
9/24 Notes – Community Analysis and Nursing T. Lyons & L. Jones
Diagnosis/ Chapter 10 8 questions
1. lack of fluoride in drinking water; no dental hygiene education; limited
income to pay for dental care
2. few self protective measure; episodes of thefts and burglaries
3. clinic days twice a month and no PM hours
4. limited access to immunization clinics; lack of knowledge of importance of
early immunizations
III. Signs and symptoms, manifestations, evidence
1. 62% have caries on inspection
2. Police report 30 % of calls; personal report of citizens
3. crude birth rate 50% higher than city; published clinic hours
4. immunization completion rate of 37% based on survey data
Nursing Diagnoses
JJJ. Potential for disability and loss of productive years of life among the residents of
CT 333 related to lack of access to area medical resources, inadequate financial
resources for needed medicines, and lack of knowledge regarding disease etiology
as evidenced by higher adult and infant mortality rates. When compared to the
City of Houston, complaints of local residents that waits for medical care are too
long, the elderly are unable to afford needed medicines, and school nurses report
they are treating more children with diabetes and blood pressure problems.
KKK. Potential for CV disease in the ethnic population related to the mortality
of ethnic statistics (Health of Houston, 1995) as evidenced by high sales of
alcohol and tobacco, a median income of $30-35,000, the inadequacy of
nutritional status and fitness facilities, and a lack of programs that offer
educational materials about the disease.
LLL. Potential for accidents as children travel to and from school related to a
lack of sidewalks in the neighborhood and inadequate fencing around construction
site as evidenced by a lack of after school programs, latch key kids, and open
bayou construction.