1999 Meeting Minutes, NCR-228 Avian Respiratory Disease: Pathogenesis, Surveillance, Diagnosis, and
Control.
The annual NCR-228 business meeting was held at the Congress Hotel, Chicago, Illinois. The business meeting was
opened by Dr. Deoki Tripathy, chair at 1:37 PM (Central Time) on Friday, November 5,1999 after a joint
introductory and short discussion period in conjunction with NE-138 (Epidemiology and Control of Emerging
Strains of Poultry Disease Agents). Present from NC-228 was Drs. Deoki Tripathy, University of Illinois, Mick
Fulton, Michigan State University, Willie M. Reed, Michigan State University, Richard Rimler, USDA-ARS-MWA,
Mo Saif, OARDC, The Ohio State University, Ching Ching Wu, Purdue University and Vivek Kapur, University of
Minnesota. Guests present were Drs. Bill Wagner, USDA-CREES.ARS and Phil Larsen, University of Minnesota,
Administrative Advisor. Dr. Bill Wagner USDA/CREES Representative informed the group that the funding for IN
2000 has passed. The NRI received level funding at $119 million. USDA Research was approved at $490 million,
which was increased by approximately $5 million from FY 1999. Food safety was funded at $15 million, which was
increased by S2.6 million from FY 1999. Formula funds, Hatch funds and Extension funds were the same as for FY
1999. Animal Health and Diseases was funded at $4.1 million. There continues to be discussion about the Fund for
Rural America and plans are underway to move to funding. The NC-228 project was revised, submitted and
approved. Thanks were expressed to Dr. Wu for her great effort in leading the renewal of the project. Dr. Philip 0.
Larsen, Administrative Advisor for NC-228 introduced himself to the group. He is the Senior Associate Dean for
Research in the College of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences at the University of Minnesota. His
background is in plant pathology. He encouraged the group to establish a means of communicating our research
findings both within and outside of the group. Suggestions made were a web page or list serv. Dr. Bill Saylors told
the group that he is returning to the faculty and will be relinquishing his activity as Administrative Advisor for NE-
l38. It was also discussed that NE-138 project will be ending in 2001. Discussion followed about combining the
researchers of NE-l38 and NC-228. NE-138 is investigating writing an addendum to the NC-228 project. It was
discussed and decided that researchers at the NVSL can and should be invited to participate. A letter is to be sent
describing the function of the group and inviting Drs. Senne and Panigrahy to join. The letter will be addressed to
the Diagnostic Virology Group with carbon copies to Drs. Senne and Panigrahy. Election of officers followed. Dr.
Mick Fulton was elected chair and Dr. Vivek Kapur was elected secretary for 2000. Dr. Don Reynolds was elected
as program coordinator of NC-228 project. His function is to provide continuity to the project and he will serve in
this position for the duration of the NC-228 project. There being no new business, the meeting was closed at 2:50
PM and a joint meeting with NE-l38 followed. After a short break, the presentation of station reports began at 3:44
PM. Discussions on the station reports resumed on November 6, 1999 from 8:30 AM to 4:00 PM.
Respectfully submitted
Mick Fulton, Secretary
Summary of NC-228 Reports, 1999
November 5 and 6, 1999, Congress Hotel, Chicago, IL
Objective # 1: Determine specific pathogenic mechanisms and invasive properties of
respiratory agents:
Avian pneumovirus:
A reproducible model of the infection has been established (Minnesota).
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV):
Tissue culture adaptation resulted in impairment of the replication potential of IIBDV in
chickens and loss of pathogenicity. A unique sequence in the VP2 gene of IBDV strains that are
adapted to grow in cell culture (Threonine at position 284 instead of Alanine) has been identified
(Ohio).
Pasteurellosis:
Turkeys bred for meat production have increased susceptibility to Pasteurella multocida
infection. The irn’nune response of turkeys bread for meat production was lower than that in
birds randomly bred (Ohio).
A hyaluronic acid receptor in cultured turkey monocytes for serogroup A strains of Pasteurella
multocida was identified as CD44 (NADC, USDA-ARS).
Bordetellois:
Bordetella avium dermonecrotic toxin which is suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of
Bordetellosis in turkeys was purified and its effects were examined in turkeys, chickens and mice
(NADC. USDA-ARS).
Objective # 2. Surveillance, occurrence and consequences of agents and hosts on disease
susceptibility.
Avian pneumovirus:
Avian pneumovirus was found in most counties of Minnesota but 61 to 77% of turkey flocks in 5
central Minnesota counties were positive.
Avian Influenza:
36% of turkey flocks in Minnesota were positive for avian influenza.
Objective # 3. Develop new and improved methods for the diagnosis, prevention and
control of avian respiratory diseases.
Passive Immunity:
The results of the passive immunity studies indicate that intact antibodies are needed for passive
protection. (Iowa)
Pneumovirus:
Avian pneumovirus has been partially sequenced and characterized. An ELISA as well as PCR-
based diagnostic tests have been developed (Minnesota).
The RT-PCR assay developed for avian pneumonovirus and Newcastle disease is an
improvement over the conventional method of virus isolation. The new methods are faster, more
sensitive and less resource intensive. (Iowa)
Avian Influenza:
A turkey herpesvirus (HVT) recombinant expressing avian influenza virus (AIV) nucleoprotein
(NP) cDNA has been constructed. Studies indicate that the highly conserved NP expressed in
vivo provides cross-protective immunity against homologous and heterologous strains of AIV
(Minnesota)
Infectious Bursal disease Virus:
Although, the potential to break through maternal immunity could be predicted by RT/PCR-
RFLP of VP2 gene, the ability to break through maternal immunity also appeared to be
dependent on the titer of challenge virus (Ohio).
A long and accurate PCR (LA-PCR) method resulted in the amplification of 3182 and 2777 bp
respectively of A and B segment of cDNA copies of IBDV genome (Purdue).
The hammerhead ribozyme targeted to RNA polymcrase gene of IBDV inhibits the synthesis of
viral protein - it can be potentially used as anti-IBDV agent (Purdue).
Pasteurellosis:
Almost complete DNA sequence of Pasteurella multocida genome has been determined and
several important genes especially those involved in virulence have been identified (Minnesota).
Bordetellois:
A method for DNA fingerprinting Bordetella avium was developed which could differentiate
Bordetella avium from Bordetella hinzi .(NADC, USDA-ARS).
Riemerellosis:
A DNA fingerprinting method for Riemereiio anatipesufer was developed (NADC, USDAARS).
Escherichia coil:
Studies with a non-serotypable El. coil as well as 078 strain of El. coil in turkeys indicate that a
clean environment (premise and water supply) at the time of vaccination, is important to limit the
exposure to E. colt. In this regard, vaccination with HE is a critical time for El. Coil septicemia
development (Michigan)
Avian Pox:
Field strains of fowlpox viruses vary in virulence. An isolate of avianpox virus from ostriches
and another from quails were genetically and antigenically similar to fowlpox virus (Illinois).
Field as well as vaccine strains of pox virus were analyzed for the presence of
reticuloendotheliosis virus sequences (REV) (Michigan, Illinois).
Integration of REV sequences into the genome of fowlpox virus has existed for at least 50 years
(Illinois)
A PCR to differentiate avian poxvirus species was developed (Michigan).
New genes encoding for the A-type inclusion body protein, photolyase and ubiquitin have been
identified in the genome of avianpox viruses (Illinois)
Publications
(Abstracts/proceedings/book chapters, manuscripts and extension & lay publications)
Illinois
Avakian, A., Singbeil, B., Poston, R., Grosse, D., Klein, D., Whitfill, C. and Tripathy, D. (1999).
Safety and Efficacy of Fowl and Pigeonpox vaccines administered in ovo to SPF and broiler
embryos. Proc. 48th Western Poultry Disease Conference, pp. 56-60
Tripathy, D.N., and Reed, W.M. 1998. Pox. In: A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and
Identification of Avian Pathogens. Fourth Edition, eds. Swayne, D.E., Glisson, J.R,
Jackwood,
M.W. Pearson, J.E. and Reed, W.M. American Association of Avian Pathologists, Kennett
Square, PA. pp. 137-140.
Tripathy, D.N. 1998. Infectious Laryngotracheitis. In: A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and
Identification of Avian Pathogens. Fourth Edition, eds. Swayne, D.E., Glisson, JR., iackwood,
M.W. Pearson, J.E. and Reed, W.M. American Association of Avian
Pathologists,
Kennett Square, PA. pp. 111-115.
Tripathy, D.N. and Schnitzlein, W.M. 1999. Fowlpox Virus (Poxviridae). In: Encyclopedia
of
Virology, Academic Press. pp. 576-582.
Tripathy, D.N., Schnitzlein, W.M., Morris, PJ., Janssen, DL.. Zuba, J.K. Massey, G. and
Atkinson, C. (2000). Characterization of poxviruses from forest (in press).
Singh, P. and Tripathy, D.N. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against folwpox
virus.
(submitted for publication).
Singh, P., Kim, T.J. and Tripathy, D.N. Re-emerging fowlpox: Evaluation of isolates from
Vaccinated flocks (submitted for publication)
Indiana
Wu, C. C., Akin, A., Lin, T. L. Ribozyme mediated intervention of infectious bursal disease
virus replication. In: The Proceedings of The XIth International Congress of Virology
Sydney, Australia, August, 1999. Abstract VP27.22.
Akin, A., Wu, C. C., and Lin, T. L. Cleavage and inhibition of expressed virus gene product by a
ribozyme targeted to DNA polymerase of infectious bursal disease virus. To be published in: The
Proceedings of the 49th North Central Avian Disease Conference. Indianapolis, Indiana,
September, 1998. Page 41.
Akin, A.. Wu, C. C., and Lin, T. L. Amplification and cloning of infectious bursal disease virus
genomic RNA segments by long and accurate PCR. Journal of Virological Methods, 82: 55-61,
1999.
Iowa
Reynolds, D. L. and A. D. Maraqa. A Technique for Inducing B-cell Ablation in Chickens by In
Ovo Injection of Cyclophosphamide. Avian Diseases 43:367-375. 1999.
Ali, A. and D. L. Reynolds. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for the
detection of avian pneumovirus (Colorado strain). Avian Diseases 43: 600-603. 1999.
Reynolds, D. L. and A. D. Maraqa. A rapid virus neutralization assay for Newcastle disease virus
using the swine testicular (ST) continuous cell line. Avian Diseases 43:564-57 1. 1999.
Reynolds, D. L. and A. D. Maraqa. Protective immunity against Newcastle disease: The role of
antibodies specific to Newcastle disease virus polypeptides. Avian Diseases. Accepted for
publication. 1999.
Reynolds, D. L. and A. D. Maraqa. Protective immunity against Newcastle disease: The role of
cell-mediated immunity. Avian Diseases. Accepted for publication. 1999.
Pedersen, Janice C., Donald L. Reynolds, and A. Ali. The sensitivity and specificity of a RTPCR
assay for the avian pneumovirus (Colorado Strain). Avian Diseases. Submitted for publication.
1999.
Ali, A. and D. L. Reynolds. A multiplex RT-PCR for the detection of Newcastle disease virus
and avian pneumovirus (Colorado strain). Avian Diseases. Submitted for publication.
1999.
Reynolds, D. L., S. Akinc and A. Ali. Studies on the passive immunity employing the Fab’
fragment of chicken immunoglobulin. Oral presentation. AAAP/AVMA annual convention
meeting. New Orleans, LA. July 10- 14,1999.
Au, Akbar and Donald L. Reynolds. Detection of Newcastle disease virus in clinical samples
from turkeys using RT-PCR. Oral presentation. North Central Avian Disease Conference.
Minneapolis, MN. October 4 -5, 1999.
Pedersen, Janice C., Donald L. Reynolds and A. Au. The sensitivity and specificity of a RTPCR
assay for the avian pneumovirus (Colorado strain). Oral presentation. North Central Avian
Disease Conference. Minneapolis, MN. October 4 -5, 1999.
Pedersen, Janice C., Dennis A. Senne, B. Panigrahy and Donald L. Reynolds. Detection of avian
pneumovirus in tissues and swab contents from infected turkeys. Oral presentation. North
Central Avian Disease Conference. Minneapolis, MN. October 4 -5, 1999.
Michigan
Butler, K., Fitzgerald. S. D., D. Berry and W. M. Reed. Experimental Inoculation of
Mycobacterium bovis into Starlings and Crows. AVMA convention, July 12, 1999, New
Orleans, Louisiana.
R. M. Fulton and R. B. Rimler. Epidemiologic Investigation of Riemerella anatipestifer in a
Commercial Duck Company by DNA Fingerprinting. North Central Avian Disease Conference,
October 5, 1999, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Fulton, R. M., A. P. Rahn, M. W. Orth, and K. D. Roberson. Comparison of Mortality, Response
to Vaccination, and Incidence of Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Three Strains of Tom Turkeys.
Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting, August 9, 1999, Springdale, Arkansas.
Peters T. L., R. M. Fulton, and M. W. Orth. Effects of Antibiotics Used in the Poultry Industry
on In Vitro Cartilage Degradation. Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting, August
11,1999, Springdale, Arkansas.
Fulton, R. M., B. N. Nersessian, and W. M. Reed. Effectiveness of Oral
Chicken Egg-Derived Antibody on the Prevention of Infection and Shedding of
Salmonella enteritidis in Commercial Ducklings. AVMA convention, July 12,
1999, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Fulton, R. M. Pathologic characterization of a unique strain of Escherichia coil causing
septicemia in 2-week-old turkeys and its implication to turkey growers. 2nd International
Symposium on Turkey Diseases, March 27, 1999, Berlin, Germany
Tadese, T and W. M. Reed. Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis of Avian
Poxvirus Infection. AVMA convention, July 14, 1999, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Fitzgerald, S.D.. Kingwill, 5.1., Briggs, S., Awolaja, 0., Basile, A.,
Griffioen, L., Potter, E.A., Wu, C.C., Taylor, S.P., and W.M. Reed:
Experimental Inoculation of Avian Polyomavirus in Chemically and Virally
Immunosuppressed Chickens. Avian Diseases 43:476-483, 1999.
Minnesota
Back, A. Halvorson, DA, Gireesh, R, and Nagaraja, KV: Development of a serum plate
agglutination test to detect antibodies to Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. J. Veterinary
Diagnostic Investigation, 10:84-86, 1998.
Sprenger. SJ, Back, A, Shaw, DP, Nagaraja, KV, Roepke, DC, and Halvorson, DA:
Avian Diseases, 42:154-161, 1998.
Roepke, DC, Back, A, Shaw, DP, Nagaraja, Ky, Sprenger, Si, and Halvorson, DA: Isolation and
identification of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheaie from commercial turkey flocks in the upper
Midwest. Avian Diseases, 42:219-221, 1998.
Back, A, Rajashekara, G, Halvorson, DA, and Nagaraja, XV: Tissue distribution of
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in experimentally infected turkeys. Veterinary Record,
143(2):52-53, 1998.
Gireesh, R, Munir, S. Lamichhanne, CM, Back, A, Kapur, V, Halvorson, DA, and Nagaraja,
KV: Application of recombinant fimbrial protein for the specific detection of Salmonella
enteritidis infection in poultry. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 32(3): 147-157,
1998.
Chiang, SJ, Dar, A, Goyal, SM, Nagaraja, KV, Halvorson D, and Kapur, V: Isolation of
Avianpneumovirus in QT-35 cells. Vet. Rec. Nov. 21., 143(21):596, 1998.
Folitse R., et al, A dot immunoblotting assay (dot blot ELISA) for early detection of Newcastle
disease antibodies in chickens, Avian Diseases 1998 Jan-Mar; 42(1): 14-9
Folitse R, et al, Efficacy of combined killed-in-oil emulsion and live Newcastle disease
vaccines in chickens. Avian Diseases 1998, Jan-Mar; 42(1):173-8
Kariuki Njenga M, Hunter SF, Coenen MJ, DeCuir N, Leibowitz J, Rodriguez M. Critical role of
antibodies in clearance of Theiler’ s virus from CNS cells. Virology, Submitted
Kariuki Njenga M, Coenen M, DeCuir N, Rodriguez M. Short-term treatment with interferon
/ promotes remyelination whereas long-term treatment aggravates demyelination in a murine
model of multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res, Submitted.
Johnson AJ, Kariuki Njenga M, Hansen MJ, Kuhns ST, Chen L, Rodriguez M, Pease LR.
Prevalent Class I-restricted T-cell response to the Theilers virus epitope Db:VP2 121-130 in the
absence of endogenous CD4 help, tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, perform, or
costimulation through CD28. J. Virol. 73: 3702-3708, 1999
Kariuki Njenga M, Murray, P, Lin X, Drescher K, Rodriguez M. Absence of spontaneous central
nervous system remyelination in class 11-deficient mice infected with Theiler’s virus. J.
Neuropath Exp Neurol. 58:78-91, 1999
Chiang, S.J., Dar, A.M., Goyal, SM., Sheikh, M.A., Pedersen, J.C., Panigrahy, B., Halvorson,
D.A., Nagaraja, K.V., and Kapur, V. 1999. The detection of avian pneumovirus antibodies in
Minnesota turkeys using a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J. Vet. Diag. Invest.,
submitted.
Shin, H.J., Rajashekara, 0., Jirjis, F.F., Shaw, D.P., Goyal, SM, Halvorson, hA., and
Nagaraja, K.V. 1999. Specific detection of avian pneumovirus (APV) US isolates by RTPCR.
Arch. Virol. submitted.
Goyal, SM., Chiang, 5.1, Dar, A.M., Nagaraja, K.V., Shaw, DP, Halvorson, DA., and
Kapur, V. 1999. Isolation of avian pneumovirus from an outbreak of respiratory illness in
Minnesota turkeys. J. Vet. Diag. Invest., submitted.
Dar, A., Tune, K., Panigrahy, B., Ooyal, SM., and Kapur, V. 1999. PCR-based detection of an
emerging avian pneumovirus in U.S. turkey flocks. Emerging Infect. Dis. Submitted.
Dar. A.M., Goyal, S.M., and Kapur, V. 1999. Molecular characterization of the fusion protein
gene of an emerging avian pneumovirus. In prep.
Chiang, S.J., Dar, A., Goyal, S.M., Nagaraja, K.V., Halvorson, D., Kapur, V., and Panigrahy, B.
1998. Isolation of avian pneumovirus in QT-35 cells. Vet. Rec. 143:596.
Shaw, D.P., Murphy, M., Halvorson, D.A.,Selenosis in Leghorn Pullets, Proceedings, North
Central Avian Disease Conference, 1998
Shaw, D.P., Murphy, M., Halvorson, D.A., Se]enosis in Leghorn Pullets, Proceedings,Poultry
Service Workshop, Sept. 1998
Nagaraja, KV, Back, A, Sprenger, SJ, Rajashekara, U, and Halvorson, DA: Tissue distribution
post-infection and antimicrobial sensitivity of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale.
Proceedings of 47th Western Poultry Disease Conference, pp. 57-60, 1998.
Shaw, DP, Sprenger, SJ, Back, A, Nagaraia, KV, Roepke, DC, and Halvorson, DA:
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in turkeys: Experimental reproduction of the
disease Rhinotracheale. Proceedings of 47th Western Poultry Disease Conference, pp. 60-
61, 1998.
Sprenger, SJ, Nagaraja, KV, Halvorson, DA, Shaw, DP: Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
infection in laying chickens. Proceedings of 47th Western Poultry Disease Conference, pp.
60, 1998.
Sprenger, SJ, Back, A, Shaw, DP, Nagaraja, Ky, Roepke, DC, and Halvorson, DA:
Orrzithobacterium rhinotracheale infection: Experimental reproduction of the disease.
Proceedings of Midwest Poultry Federation Convention. Pp. 205-206, 1998.
Gireesh. R, Back , A, Nagaraja, KV, Munir, 5, and Halvorson, DA: Studies on the role of
fimbrial in the pathogenesis of Salmonella enteritidis infection using fimbrial gene knockouts.
Proceedings of 135th American Veterinary Medical Association (July2S-29), pp.184> 1998.
Nagaraja, Ky, Back, A, Uireesh, R, Munir, 5, and Halvorson, DA: Use of integration plasmid to
generate site-directed mutations in Salmonella enteritidis genome. Proceedings of 135th
American Veterinary Medical Association (July 25-29), pp.207. 1998.
Nol], 5, Kamyab, A, Halvorson, DA, Nagaraja, KV, Sivanandan, V, Shaw, DP, and Janni, K:
Breast blisters in market tom turkeys - Research update. Proceedings of Eighth Annual
Elanco Turkey Technical Seminar, Indianapolis, Indiana, pp. 40-45, 1998.
.Rajashekara, G, Munir, 5, Back, A, Wells, CL, Halvorson, DA, and Nagaraja, KV: Efficient
gene inactivation in Salmonella enteritidis genome using integration plasmid. Proceedings of
49th North Central Avian Disease Conference and Symposium on Enteric and Emerging
Diseases, pp. 48-49, 1998.
Halvorson, DA, Nagaraja, KV, Shaw, DP, Friendshuh, K, and Lauer, D: Epidemiology and
control of Avian pneumovirus. Proceedings of 49th North Central Avian Disease Conference
and Symposium on Enteric and Emerging Diseases, pp. 82-83, 1998.
Halvorson. DA, Epidemiology and control of avian influenza, Proceedings of the 1998 New
England Poultry Health Conference, Portsmouth, NH, 1998
Halvorson, DA, Immunity and emerging problems, Proceedings of the 1998 Midwest Poultry
Convention
Halvorson, DA, Pneumovirus update, Proceedings of the Roche turkey pneumovirus workshop,
1998
Halvorson, DA, Pneumovirus infection, Proceedings of the 1998 Poultry Service Workshop
Halvorson, DA, Avian pneumovirus infection, Proceedings of the 9th Elanco turkey technical
seminar, Indianapolis, IN, 1998
Halvorson, D.A., Avian Influenza Control in a New Era, 47th Western Poultry Disease
Conference Proceedings, pp. 72-73, March, 1998
Munir,S., Halvorson, D.A., Rajashekara, U., Kapur, V., Development of HVT Recombinant
Vaccine for Avian Influenza, Proceedings of l35~ AVMA Convention,
p. 183, July, 1998
Halvorson, DA, Nagaraja, KV, Shaw, DP, Friendshuh, K, and Lauer. D: Epidemiology and
control of Avian pneumovirus. Reporter, University of Minnesota Extension, pp. 24, May-
August 1998.
Halvorson, DA, and Nagaraja, KV: Control of respiratory diseases of turkeys. Gobbles (October)
pp. 4, 1998.
Nagaraja, KV, Halvorson, DA, Shaw, DP, Back, A, and Sprenger, 5: Emerging diseases of
poultry: Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in turkeys. Gobbles (October), pp. 8-9, 1998.
Nagaraja, KV, Rajashekara, U, Back, A, and Halvorson, DA: Salmonella typhimurium
vaccination for breeders. Gobbles (October), pp. 9-11, 1998.
Jirjis, et al, Use of Ultrasonography for detection of enlarged sternal bursa of turkeys, Poultry
Science
Jirgis, et al, Gross and microscopic changes in enlarged sternal bursa of market male turkeys,
Poultry Science
Noll, SL, Halvorson, DA, Air quality parameters — have they changed? Gobbles, February,
1998
Ohio
Nestor, K.E., MS. Lilburn, Y.M. Saif, J.W. Anderson, R.A. Patterson, Z. Li, and J.E. Nixon:
Influence of body weight restriction in a body-weight-selected line of turkeys on response to
challenge with Pasteurella multocida. Poultry Science 78:1263-1267,1999.
Anthony, N.B., K.E. Nestor, D.A. Emmerson, Y.M. Saif, R. Vasilatos-Younken, and W.L.
Bacon: Effect of feed withdrawal or challenge with Pasteurella multocida on growth, blood
metabolites, circulating growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations in
eight-week-old turkeys. Poultry Science 78:1268-1274, 1999.
Nestor, K.E., Y.M. Saif, J.W. Anderson, R.A. Patterson, and Z. Li: Variation in resistance to
Pasteurella multocida among turkey lines. Poultry Science 78:1377-1379, 1999.
Li, Z., K.E. Nestor, Y.M. Saif, Z. Fan, M. Luhtala, and 0. Vainio: Cross-reactive anti-chicken
CD4 and CD8 monoclonal antibodies suggest polymorphism of the turkey CD8 molecule.
Poultry Science 78:1526-1531, 1999.
Li, Z., K.E. Nestor, Y.M. Saif, W.L. Bacon, and 3W. Anderson. Effect of selection for increased
body weight on mitogenic responses in turkeys. Poultry Science 78:1532-1535, 1999.
Jackwood, D.J., SE. Sotnmer, and E. Odor. Correlation of ELISA titers with protection to
infectious bursal disease virus. Avian. Dis. 43:189-197, 1999.
Jackwood, D.J. and S.E. Sommer. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the VP2 gene
of international infectious bursal disease viruses. Avian Dis. 43:310-314, 1999.
8. Smiley, JR., SE. Sommer, and D.J. Jackwood. Development of ssRNA internal control reagent
for an infectious bursal disease virus RTIPCR-RFLP diagnostic assay. J. Vet. Diag. Invest. 1999
(in press)
Li, Z., K.E. Nestor, Y.M. Saif, Z. Fan, M. Luhtala, and O. Vainio. Polymorphism of turkey
CDS molecule did not appear to be associated with body weight. Poultry Science 78(Suppl.
1):4l.
Jackwood, D.J., H.V. Knoblich, J.R. Smiley, and S.E. Sominer. Genetic differences detected in
field strains of infectious bursal disease virus: Implications for the development of new vaccines.
Abstr. (S 140), 40th Annual Southern Conference on Avian Dis. 1999.
Jackwood, D.J. and H.V. Knoblich. Significance of genetic differences on the antigenicity of
pathogenic field isolates of infectious bursal disease viruses. Abstr. 136th AVMA Mtg. 1999.
USDA-ARS-MWA (NADC)
Dyer, N.W. Haynes., J.S. Ackermann, MR. and Rimler, R.B. Morphological effects of
Pasteurella multocida type —D dermonecrotoxin on rat osteosarcoma cells in a nude mouse
model. J. Comp. Pathol. 119 (2): 149-158, 1998.
Kunlde, R.A. and Richard, i.L. 1998. Mycoses and Mycotoxicoses In: A
Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens. Fourth Edition
eds. Swayne, D.E., Glisson, J.R.,Jackwood, M.W. Pearson, J.E. and Reed, W.M. American
Association of Avian Pathologists, Kennett Square, PA. pp. 92-99 (Book Chapter).
Kunkle, R.A. and Rimler, RB. Early pulmonary lesions in turkeys produced by nonviable
Aspergillusfumigatus and/or Pasteurella multocida lypopolysaccharide. Avian Dis. 42(4)
770780, 1998.
Rimler, R.B. and Nordholm, G.E. DNA fingerprinting of Riemerella anatipestzfer. Avian
Dis.42(1):lOl-105, 1998.
Rimler, R.B. Fowl Cholera. In: Merck Veterinary Manual, 8th ed., pp 1915-1916, Susan B.
Aiello. ed., Merco & Co. Inc. Rahway, NJ, 1998 (Book Chapter).
Rimler, RB. Riemerella (Pasteurella). In: Merck Veterinary Manual, 8th ed., pp 1946-1947,
Susan E. Aiello, ed., Merco & Co. Inc. Rahway, NJ, 1998 (Book Chapter)
Rimier, RB., T. Sandhu and JR. Glisson. Pasteurellosis, Infectious Serositis and
Pseudotuberculosis. In: A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian
Pathogens. Fourth Edition eds. Swayne, D.E., Glisson, J.R.,Jackwood, M.W. Pearson, J.E.
and Reed, W.M. American Association of Avian Pathologists, Kennett Square, PA. pp. 17-
25,
1998 (Book Chapter).
Rimler, R.B. and Kunkle, R.K. Bacterin-induced protection of turkeys against fowl cholera
following infection with Bordtella avium. Avian Dis. 42(4) 752-756, 1998.