Facilities Design
9 April, 2001
Ann Newman, Director of Space Planning, UB
Planning the 21st Century Workplace for the 21st Century Workforce
History of the Mechanical Office
1868 – typewriter invented
1880 – Frederick Taylor – researched factory efficiency, developed concept of repeatable steps of
a process
1904 – Larkin Building, Buffalo, NY – Frank Lloyd Wright – open office landscaping in furniture
designed by the architect
1945 – First fully electronic computer – ENIAC (1500 sf)
1956 – First desk-sized computer – Burroughs E-101
1956-1960‟s – ARPANET developed – forerunner of Internet
1961 – Quality Control Circles – Japan
1963 – Modern office landscaping – West Germany
1966 – Modem developed
1967 – Cordless phone developed
1971 – First microprocessor – Intel
1973 – first email sent on ARPANET
1980 – Fax machines developed
1981 – FCC allocates airspace for cellular phones
1983 – First marketable laptop – Radio Shack Model 100, designed by Bill Gates & Kazuhiko Nishi
($799)
Late 1980‟s – Voice mail
1989 – World Wide Web invented by Timothy Berners-Lee
1992 – First hoteling office – Ernst & Young, Chicago
1993 – IBM put its sales force in a hoteling space; Chiat ad agency moved to a virtual office
1996 – Business Week “Office of the Future” cover story. Blizzard of 96 and Atlanta Olympics
force telecommuting
Late 90‟s – Wireless technology, Videoconferencing, Palm Pilots, Digital phones with Internet
access
Factors in the new workforce and the new workplace
Demographics
More middle-aged
under age 35 - 38%
age 35-44 - 28%
age 45-54 - 22%
1 in 2 workers are age 35-54
Older – 80% of baby boomers plan to work past traditional retirement age
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Facilities Design
9 April, 2001
Ann Newman, Director of Space Planning, UB
More women (47% of labor force), more educated women (55% of BA/BS‟s & MA‟s are women) –
child and elder care issues, flex hours
Less loyalty to one company (Gen Xer‟s)
More non-white (12% black, 10% Hispanic)
More office workers – 50% of all workers
US – 50 million office workers in 10 billion SF
More disabled – 17% of 16 to 64 year olds have a disability that affects their work - older
workforce will increase this percentage. ADA &Universal design
(sources: Crispell, Diane, “Workers in 2000”, American Demographics (March 1990), p.39; “The Second
Bottom Line: Competing for Talent Using Innovative Workplace Design”, 1998 Knoll, Inc/DYG, Inc.
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Facilities Design
9 April, 2001
Ann Newman, Director of Space Planning, UB
Technology
Real Estate Costs
Increasing
Rent
Initial fit out
Churn rates of 44%
New workpatterns
Percentage of time spent in office is decreasing
“Higher title = bigger office” decreasing – flatter organizational structures
Team work vs. individual, linear work flow
Most people work with same technology & supplies, jobs are less routine, office standards make
less sense
2/3 of workers describe themselves as problem solvers, idea generators, information analyzers;
¼ call themselves forms processors or data entry clerks. ½ say their work in collaborative.
Blurring between home and office, work time and personal time
Office at home
Day care, fitness centers, dry cleaners, errand services at work
24/7 workday vs. M-F 9-5
Alternative Officing
Patterns of space occupancy
Corporate Culture/Design trends
Hoteling & Moteling (free address, just in time space, non-territorial)
Caves & Commons
Telecommuting
Virtual Offices
Team Space
Flex Space
Models
Town Square
informal settings to allow exchange of information
Village neighborhoods
dividing space by team with „fences‟
personalizing
team territory but connected to larger organization
City in miniature
lots of variety
main street/parks
landscaping/ponds
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Facilities Design
9 April, 2001
Ann Newman, Director of Space Planning, UB
Space-time machines
space you need the time you need it
greeting, meeting, working spaces
Campaign room
bullpens
team spaces
continuous brainstorming
democratic space
Club (Red Carpet Club)
cordless technologies
part of the office, not all
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Facilities Design
9 April, 2001
Ann Newman, Director of Space Planning, UB
How workplace design affects job satisfaction and performance
Most important components of workplace for both satisfaction and productivity
State of the art technology
Climate control
Adequate storage
Quiet
Ability to personalize space
Moderately important components
Ergonomic furniture
Visually appealing workplace
Lighting control
Privacy
Exterior window
Least important components
Large workspace
Personal meeting space
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