KESSA MODEL 2005
Case Attack (English)
Negative observation
In case of surrogate birth and PGD, the method of in vitro fertilization is used.
IFC’05/ available at 2005/ International Fertility Center/
http://www.ifcbaby.net/n_program/program.html
Q) Donor ovum and surrogate birth program: (OMIT) The treatment program which fertilizes in vitro
wife's ovum and egg donor's sperm, and then transplant the obtained fertilized egg to surrogate
mother's womb. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis program: (OMIT) The treatment program which
fertilizes in vitro ovum and sperm and diagnoses the obtained cell of fertilized egg about specific items
in laboratory, and then incorporates technology that transplants selected fertilized egg to womb in in
vitro fertilization cycle. (UQ
KESSA MODEL 2005
Case Attack (English)
Case Attack for Surrogate motherhood
( ) N/Inh Parents do surrogate birth in forein countries.
根津’04/01/09/根津八紘/諏訪マタニティークリニック/http://www.smc.or.jp/smc/smc004_10.html
Q) Today when Japanese parents have surrogate birth in the U.S. and Korea, because they register the
birth report as their actual children in those countries, if they return Japan, in the official family
registry their children is listed as real children, not adopted children. (OMIT) The surrogate birth in
foreign countries that can erase the past by money will be operated more and more in the future if it is
really prohibited in Japan. (UQ
( ) N/Inh Sterile parents have children by adoption of child
柘植’01/11/柘植あづみ/明治学院大学社会学部助教授/
http://www.medical-tribune.co.jp/ss/2001-11/ssNov04.htm
Q) A lot of people are satisfied with adoption of child. Some people bring up several children in foster
home system. Because their children became independent, they newly bring up the foster child and of
course, there are also sterile foster parents. (UQ
( ) N/Sol Only 4.6% of childless couple has motive to use surrogate mother.
白井/2002/instructor 社会学者/http://homepage2.nifty.com/~shirai/survey01/html/11.html
Q) It is as same as “having a child by means of surrogate mother.” About “childbirth by means of sperm,
egg, fertilized egg and embryo donation”, 11.6% of the childless couples answered “thinking concretely”
or “thinking as a choice”, and about “having a child by means of surrogate mother” 4.6% answered so, a
little bit low rate answer compared with others. (UQ
( ) PMA The success rate of surrogate birth is very low.
SOSHIREN’00/02/16/女（わたし）のからだから/第６回厚生科学審議会先端医療技術評価部会資料/
http://www.accs.or.jp/jdsn/shingikai/shiryou-7.html
Q) The technology related to in vitro fertilization is developed one after another, the technology related
to in vitro fertilization is developed one after another, and a new reproductive form such as offers of
ovum, surrogate mothers and the surrogate birth starts to be performed by taking out ovum to outside
of the body. However, the success rate is still 11%, and 90% of them cannot have child. (UQ
KESSA MODEL 2005
Case Attack (English)
( ) T/A Surrogacy increases infection diseases such as HIV or hepatitis.
The British Medical Association/avialable at 2005
http://www.bma.org.uk/ap.nsf/Content/Surrogacy+-+Considering+surrogacy%3F+Your+questions+ans
wered
Q) In surrogacy arrangements there is a risk that infections such as HIV or hepatitis could be passed
to the surrogate mother from the intended parents, through the sperm or eggs. (UQ
( ) T/A surrogate mother has risk of death thorough childbirth.
根 津/2001/八 紘/諏訪マタニティークリニック院長
http://www.smc.or.jp/smc/smc004_06.html
Q) About third, “make consideration of safety.” Now, 1.1 million babies are born annually in Japan, at
the same time 70 to 80 women are dead. Childbirth has risk even natural childbirth. (UQ
( ) Actually, surrogate mother died in U.K.
The Mirror.co.uk/2005
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/allnews/tm_objectid=15146807&method=full&siteid=50143&headline=
death-of-a-surrogate-mother-name_page.html
Q) His fiancee Natasha Caltabiano, a surrogate mother, died shortly after giving birth to a baby boy on
New Year's Eve after developing high blood pressure and rupturing an aorta. (UQ
( ) T/A Surrogacy business will exploit poor surrogate mother.
Chiang Chiung-fang/2001/A Modern Solution for an Ancient Problem--Expecting a New Law on
Surrogate Motherhood
http://www.sinorama.com.tw/en/show_issue.php3?id=1997128612046E.TXT&page=1
Q) Some people criticize the idea of legalizing surrogacy on the grounds that it would enable rich
people to pay poor people to bear children for them, which would undoubtedly be exploitative. (UQ
( ) It’s E/P in U.S.
Scott B. Rae/2005/Christian research institute/The Ethics of the New Reproductive
Technologies/http://www.equip.org/free/DD135.htm
Q) Others are making plans to actively recruit women from the third world to be brought to the United
States to serve as surrogates. The advantage to using these women is that it dramatically reduces the
cost of running the surrogacy business. (omission) He further speculates that perhaps one-tenth of the
normal fee could be paid to these women, and it would not even matter if they had some other health
problems as long as they had an adequate diet and no problems that would affect the developing child. 9
(UQ
KESSA MODEL 2005
Case Attack (English)
( ) Surrogacy rob women of freedom and use women as a tool.
Chiang Chiung-fang/2001/A Modern Solution for an Ancient Problem--Expecting a New Law on
Surrogate Motherhood/
http://www.sinorama.com.tw/en/show_issue.php3?id=1997128612046E.TXT&page=1
Q) Huang Shu-ying, president of the Taipei Association for the Promotion of Women's Rights, notes
that a surrogate mother’s diet, living habits, sex life and so on may all be restricted by the "tenant's"
demands, thus taking away her freedom of choice. And some feminists believe that renting out one's
womb is no different from renting out one's vagina: both use the female body as a tool. (UQ
( ) Surrogacy is the sale of children.
Scott B. Rae/2005/Christian research institute/The Ethics of the New Reproductive Technologies/
http://www.equip.org/free/DD135.htm
Q) Certainly the most serious objection to commercial surrogacy is that it reduces children to objects of
barter by putting a price on them. Most of the arguments in favor of surrogacy are attempts to avoid
this problem. Opponents of surrogacy insist that any attempt to deny or minimize the charge of
baby-selling fails, and thus surrogacy involves the sale of children. (UQ
( ) T/A Surrogate mother will be post-natal depression.
The British Medical Association/avialable at 2005/
http://www.bma.org.uk/ap.nsf/Content/Surrogacy+-+Considering+surrogacy%3F+Your+questions+ans
wered
Q) There is also a risk that the surrogate mother may suffer from post-natal depression. In addition to
the usual factors accounting for post-natal depression, the surrogate mother may also feel a great
sense of loss and bereavement at being separated from the baby she has carried for nine months. (UQ
( ) 80% of mother experience postnatal depression, and some of them commit suicide.
BBC News/2002/Test for post natal depression/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2063337.stm
Q) Up to eight out of 10 new mothers are thought to suffer from postnatal depression. (Omission) Up to
50 women a year commit suicide before their child's first birthday as a result of postnatal depression or
other psychiatric disorders. (UQ
KESSA MODEL 2005
Case Attack (English)
( ) At least, surrogate mother will suffer from heavy symptoms.
Patient U.K./2003/ Patient Information Publications
http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/23069110/
Q) What are the symptoms of postnatal depression? The symptoms are similar to those that occur with
depression at any other time. They usually include one or more of the following: (Omission) Feelings of
guilt, rejection, or inadequacy. Poor concentration (like forgetting or losing things). You may also get
thoughts about harming your baby. Around half the women with postnatal depression get these
thoughts. If things are very bad, you may get ideas of harming or killing yourself. (Omission) The main
cause seems to be stressful events after childbirth, such as feelings of isolation, worry, and
responsibility about the new baby, etc. (UQ
( ) T/A surrogacy increase mother’s abuse because mother cannot breast-feed.
二村/2005 last update/元夫/慈しみ育児研究所/NPO 神田雑学大学
http://www.kanda-zatsugaku.com/020510/0510.html
Q) Third, because of the powder milk, maternity hormones were not released, milk promotion
hormone ; prolactin and oxytocin, so maternity of mother doesn’t appear. Fourth, maternity switch is
not turned on in the inside preoptic area at front of hypothalamus
（内側視策前野？）due to no maternal
hormone(professor Hiroshi Nishikane at Kagawa medical university). Fifth, mother takes care of child
under rational maternity, not instinctive maternity due to non-maternity. Sixth, through this process
childcare can be obligatory action, not joy of mother. Childcare becomes painful because it is obligated
one. (UQ
( ) Empirically, mother’s abuse increase 38 times because of no breast-feeding.
岡村/2002/05/05/産婦人科医/児童虐待防止の鍵は周産期にあり
http://www.osk.3web.ne.jp/~bonikuji/jidougyakutaibousisaku.htm
Q) In 1995, doctor ルイス・エリクソン researched whether the ratio of mother’s abuse change by the way
of feeding milk, the number of non-breast feeding mother’s abuse was 38 times higher than that of
breast feeding mother’s abuse. (UQ
KESSA MODEL 2005
Case Attack (English)
Case Attack for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
( ) N/Inh PGD can be performed in Japan.
Yomiuri Online’05/07/16/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/iryou/medi/renai/20050716ik01.htm
Q) Director Otani enforced PGD to the patients of habitual abortion, and five people gave birth by last
month, and therefore, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology examines whether to admit the
habitual abortion. It reexamines the definition of “Heavy hereditary disease” limited to a fatal sickness
etc. (UQ
( ) N/Inh Fetus diagnosis can check inherited disease.
BANYU PHARMACEUTICAL/2005/メルクマニュアル家庭版
http://mmh.banyu.co.jp/mmhe2j/sec22/ch256/ch256c.html
Q) Fetus diagnosis is the test that checks unborn child before childbirth whether he has inherited
disease from parent or other causality. (UQ
( ) N/Inh Fetus diagnosis can check inherited disease almost 100%.
Doctor 大谷/2004/徹郎/「日本産科婦人科学会倫理審議会答申書（諮問事項：着床前診断について）」に対する
反論/http://homepage2.nifty.com/endo-law/template/hanron.html
Q) Diagnosis accuracy from one cell is 80 to 90%, possibility of false positive is about 11%, and false
negative is about 2%, so preimplantation generic diagnosis has technical limit because it has to
diagnose from one to two cells. (Omission) On the contrary, fetus diagnosis accuracy is almost 100%
because it can use enough amount of cells in amnionic fluid（羊水）. (UQ
( ) T/A PDG will make miss diagnosis and injure fetus, actual case is here.
市野川/2003/容孝/東京大学大学院総合文化研究科
http://square.umin.ac.jp/~mtamai/PGD/PGD_German.htm
Q) As we see the present situation of PDG (preimplantation genetic diagnosis), in addition, 132 cases
of fetus diagnosis are operated at 3 months pregnant, then, it became apparent that there were miss
diagnosis and injure of fetus (embryo) by PDG. This miss diagnosis and injure of fetus (embryo) were
not found in stage of PDG, so abortion was operated. (UQ
( ) N/Imp The incidence of hereditary disease is very low.
山川’00/12/山川和弘/病因遺伝子研究グループ 神経遺伝研究チーム チームリーダー/
http://www.brain.riken.go.jp/bsi-news/bsinews10/no10/speciale.html
Q) Because hereditary diseases are rare, many people may consider that these have nothing to do with
them. It is certain that most hereditary diseases occur relatively rarely and the incidence of a
hereditary disease is approximately one in 10,000 to 20,000 individuals. (UQ
KESSA MODEL 2005
Case Attack (English)
( ) T/A PGD kill human life because fertilization embryo is also human.
文部科学省’04/07/23/総合科学技術会議/ヒト胚の取扱いに関する基本的考え方/
http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/gijyutu/gijyutu1/gijiroku/006/05071501/004/002.htm
Q) PGD is a technology that inspects the human fertilization embryo made by in vitro fertilization
before the transplant in mother's womb, and diagnoses the presence of the affected gene that makes
hereditary disease etc developed. (OMIT) As already said, we must especially respect human
fertilization embryo which is “germination of human life” that can grow up to “human” to maintain
basic value of the society “human dignity”. (UQ
( ) T/A PGD promote the discrimination to the handicapped people.
毎日新聞ニュース速報’04/07/05/http://www.mainichi.co.jp/universalon/clipping/200407/039.html
Q) Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology held the ethical committee for the first time by opening
to the public on the second, and discussed two PGDs. There were many objections to PGD from
attendances that “To examine the presence of the hereditary disorder at the stage of the fertilized egg,
discrimination to the handicapped people is promoted.” (UQ
( ) The discrimination cauese crime and sucide. That’s empirically proven.
琉球新報’04/09/09/朝刊/
Q) Crime and suicide are commited one after another by discrimination to Okinawa among young
people from prefecture at some time. “I want to regain the pride.” (UQ
KESSA MODEL 2005
Case Attack (English)
( ) T/A PGD leads to the concept of eugenics.
阪本’02/03/20/阪本恭子/帝塚山学院大学非常勤講師/哲学、倫理学/
http://www.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/pub/eth/OJ1-2/sakamoto.htm
Q) And, in contrast to different agreements, the voice of the opponents is concluded to the opinion
“PGD is just the concept of eugenics in fact even if there are what intention and idea”. It might be
appearance of a German history sense to Nazism that announced “Rassenhygiene”. (UQ
( ) The concept of eugenics causes the war.
あほう鳥社’00/04/29/「障害者」の地域問題を考える会/http://www.arsvi.com/0d/a.htm
Q) After that, the concept of eugenics led to nationalism, and behind mass murders of "Handicapped
people" and Jews of Nazis Germany of the World War II and slaughter of Korean people and Chinese
by Empire of Japan, there was an idea of limiting (eliminating) inferior people and increasing excellent
people (Aryan and Japanese). Like this, the concept of eugenics becomes the power of committing
murder in the war. (UQ
( ) The war kills many people.
しんぶん赤旗’04/11/04/日本共産党中央委員会/
http://www.jcp.or.jp/akahata/aik3/2004-11-04/faq12_01.html
Q) The aggressive war of Japan caused the largest ravages to include more than 20 million deaths in
countries of Asia and the Pacific Ocean. This number is based on governmental declaration or public
announcement of each country. (UQ
( ) D/R We should avoid wars even a slight risk.
Lichman & Rorer’87/“ADVANCED DEBATE”/3rd edition/David Thomas & Jack Hart/p.378/p/b NTC
Q) The degree of danger posed by uncertainty depends on the importance and sensititivity of the
things that are most likely to be affected by changes. (OMIT) A change in nuclear weapons could be
extremely dangerous; even a small degree of uncertainty would be very serious. The risk of uncertainty
will impose varying degrees of danger in defferent problem area. The standard of significance should
rise or drop with the degree of danger risked. (UQ