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Document Sample
Product Design Process
By Team Strider
Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Customer Needs
• Benchmarking
• Programming Concepts
• Structural/Lift Concepts
• Propulsion Concepts
• Concept Integration
• Gantt Chart/Conclusion
Introduction
• Ultimate goal
Design and fabrication of an autonomous hovercraft
• Product Development Process
Two phases completed
Benchmarking & Customer Needs
Concept Generation
Introduction (continued)
Benchmarking & Customer Needs Results:
– Several existing models assessed
– Company owner interviewed
Introduction (continued)
Concept Generation:
• Hovercraft subsystems divided into three groups
• Structure and Lift
• Propulsion and Power
• Instrumentation & Control
Introduction (continued)
Assessment:
• Pugh Matrix
• Concept scoring matrix
Customer Needs
By Team Strider
Customer Needs Evaluation
• Consulted Bryan Phillips, owner/operator of Amphibious Marine, a
commercial hovercraft manufacturing company
• Amphibious Marine builds hovercraft used in industry as well as
recreation, for private and government customers.
Important
• Basic functionality
• Reliability
Relatively Unimportant
• Costs
• Adaptability
Benchmarking
By Team Strider
The Benchmarking Process
• Evaluate our competition to obtain
knowledge
• Comparative analysis of competitors
products.
• Process, methods, and service performance
against competitors.
Existing Products
<Product 1>
Product Description Specifications
Power: 4.8 to 8.4 volt 600mA/Hr and greater
RC Hovercraft Models capacity (mA/Hr) NiCad, MiMH or Lipoly
developed this model with the batteries. Runs on 4, 6, or 7 cell batteries.
help of Griffon Hovercraft Ltd, a Propellers:
Thrust: 3 inch (0.0762 m) ducted fan
company for real size Lift: 3 inch (0.0762 m) ducted fan
hovercrafts. It is a fully Motors: 280 size
operational replication of a full Skirt: Black Rip-stop Vinyl
Operating Surface:
sized craft at 1/30th scale. This Water or Land (will float off of hover and return to
model has the ability to full hover)
independently control lift and Will transition from water to land
Radio Requirements: 2, 3 or 4 channel land based
thrust. It operates on two channel RC systems ( as used in RC cars and boats)
radio, which enables the thrust Speed Controller Requirements: 5 Amp 7-8 cell
Electronic Speed Controller (ESC). Can use ILC
motors to be controlled with full model for 2 channel control with forward/reverse
forward or reverse thrust at the thrust
Griffon 2000TDX same time while maintaining Craft size:
Length: 18 inches (0.4572 m)
Figure 1 throttle control of the lift motor Width: 8 inches (0.2032 m)
Reference 1 (with the help of a specially built Height: 5 inches (0.127 m)
ILC model). The craft has the Craft Weight: 17 ounces (0.481941893 kg)
loaded with battery, ESC and radio equipment (as in
ability to operate on ice, water, our combo)
snow and land, and has a water Max speed: 30 km/h (8.33 m/s)
proof body panels and skirts [1]. Range: ¼ mile (402.33600 m)
Existing Products
<Product 2>
Product Description Specifications
Craft size:
The SR.N5 is a very detailed Length: 26 inches (0.6604 m)
craft with elevator moldings Width: 20 inches (0.508 m)
Height: 11 inches (0.2794 m)
and a detail engine intake. It Craft Weight: 2.4 Pounds (1.08862169 kg) loaded
has a rear storage bin, puff with battery and radio equipment (as in our combo)
Power: 7.2 or 8.4 volt 1700mA/Hr and greater
ports, bifurcated exhaust, and capacity (mA/Hr) NiCad RC car battery.
cabin lines. This craft is a Motors: 400 size
Propellers:
fast craft. The SR.N5 has Thrust: 6 inch (0.1524 m)
forward and reverse thrust Lift: 4 inch ducted fan (.1016 m)
Skirt: Black Rip-stop Vinyl
capabilities, and it goes Operating Surface:
backwards just as fast as it Water or Land (will float off of hover and return to
full hover)
goes forward. It has super lift Will transition from water to land
SR.N5 power and outstanding Hover Height: 1.5 inches (0.0381 m) (no
additional load other than kit as built with 6 cell
Figure 2 handling. It features high NiCad)
Reference 1 Speed: 10-25 MPH (4.4704 - 11.17600 m/s)
efficiency twin motors for depending on terrain and operating conditions
optimum lift and thrust. The Radio Requirements: 2 or 4 channel land based
RC systems ( as used in RC cars and boats)
Sr.N5 is known for its Speed Controller Requirements: 20 Amp 7-8 cell
Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)
efficiency and its durability
[1].
Existing Products
<Product 3>
Product Description Specifications
Craft size:
The HoverDart is a racing craft
Length: 24 inches (0.6096 m)
design that has the ability to Width: 16 inches (0.4064 m)
perform under excruciating Height: 9 inches (0.2286 m)
course conditions. It is said to be Craft Weight: 2.3 Pounds (1.04326245 kilograms)
loaded with battery and radio equipment (as
an extremely fast craft. It supplied in our combo)
accelerates from a standing start Power: 7.2 or 8.4 volt 1700mA/Hr and greater
capacity (mA/Hr) NiCad RC car battery. Can also
to full speed in an extremely be used with LiPoly and NiHM battery packs.
rapid manner. The HoverDart is Motor: 480 size
Propellers: 6 inch (0.1524 m), Ducted
easy to maneuver, and it loses
Skirt: Black Rip-stop Vinyl
very little speed due to turning Operating Surface:
friction. The HoverDart operates Water or Land (will float off of hover and return to
full hover)
on land, snow, water and ice with Will transition from water to land
HoverDart a two channel control system, Hover Height: 1.5 inches (0.0381 m) (no
and it is suitable for any type of additional load other than kit as built with 6 cell
Figure 3 NiCad)
motor although it contains a Radio Requirements: 2 channel land based RC
Reference 1 powerful RC motor for systems ( as used in RC cars and boats)
Speed Controller Requirements: 20 Amp 7-8 cell
outstanding performance. The Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)
HoverDart has a proportional RC
throttle on lift and thrust which
gives it exceptional power [1].
Issues with Current Products
• Speed
– Products rarely exceed the 30 – 35 km/h barrier
– Can be overcome by:
• Increasing Size and Number of Fans
• Minimizing the Weight/ Size of Product
• Maneuverability
– Reduced Performance in Reverse
– Can be overcome by:
• Implementing a Dual Fan Propulsion Assembly
• Safety
– Exposed Fan Blades
– Can be overcome by:
• Protective Screens Placed at Ends of Ducted Fans
• Durability
– Brittle and Vulnerable Components
– Can be overcome by:
• Additional Layer of Rubber Applied to the Body
Project Specifications
• Circular Base: 13 inches
• Height: 3.5 inches
• Weight: < 2.5 lbs.
• Payload Capacity: > 5 lbs.
• Volume: 618.5 cubic inches
• Footprint: 176.71 square inches
• Top Speed: 30 km/h
Programming Concepts
Hovercraft Programming Concept Design
By Team Strider’s Programming Team
Introduction to Concept Generation
• Navigation:
• Most important. The hovercraft’s ability to navigate the course based upon sensor
location and types of sensors accounts for 25% of the weight. It is most important that
the hovercraft be able to navigate the course and complete the main objective
• Sensitivity:
• Weighted at 20%. Without perfectly functioning sensors, there would be no hovercraft,
being that malfunction in the hovercrafts sensors would create a significant handicap in
its mobility. It would interfere with the programming and therefore, make the hovercraft
incapable of follow commands.
• Durability:
• Weighted at 20%, it focuses on the durability of the sensors. It is imperative that the
sensors are durable for the reasons mentioned above. So when selecting the final
concept we had to account for the placement of the sensor that will allow them to last
and not to be exposed to collisions.
• Ability to be integrated:
• Integration was weighted at 15%. When selecting a concept we analyzed which concept
would have the ability to facilitate our integration phase without interfering in any way
with other subsystems.
Introduction to Concept Generation
• Versatility:
• Versatility was weighted at 10%. We had to focus on those concepts that would enable
us to make the programming of the hovercraft system more versatile. We are mainly
searching for versatility in the programming section that makes the craft adaptable. This
versatility will somewhat depend on the sensors placement on our hovercraft.
• Sensor balance:
• The sensor balance accounts for 5% of the weight. The sensor balance deals with equal
distribution of the sensors placement accounting for every side of the hovercraft.
Though ballasts could be used to counter any weight inconsistencies, it is preferable not
to need them and keep weight down. When we focused on the criteria, we focused on
the concept that would provide us with the most balance.
• Sensor stability:
• The stability of the sensor also accounted for 5% of the weight. It is important that the
sensors are positioned on the hovercraft on a spot where they would not fall off or be
subjected to movement, and risk the chance of being ruined, or displaced.
Concept Generation
Concept #2
Concept #1
The Concepts (continued)
Concept #4
Concept #3
The Concepts (continued)
Concept #6
Concept #5
The Concepts (continued)
Concept #7
Weighted Criteria
Ability to
Sensor Sensor Navigation
Durability Sensitivity Versatility be
Balance Stability of Course
(20%) (20%) (10%) Integrated
(5%) (5%) (25%)
(15%)
Concept 1 5 1 7 7 1 1 4
Concept 2 3 6 3 3 6 5 1
Concept 3 2 7 2 2 7 6 2
Concept 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 3
Concept 5 7 2 5 5 2 3 6
Concept 6 6 3 6 6 3 2 7
Concept 7 1 4 1 1 1 7 5
Pugh Chart
Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4 Concept 5 Concept 6 Concept 7
Balance * 0 0 0 -- -- --
Durability * + + + 0 0 +
Sensitivity * -- -- -- 0 + +
Versatility * -- -- -- + + +
Stability * + + + 0 0 0
Compatibili
* -- -- -- 0 0 0
ty
Concept Selection
*Images care of Microsoft Office Clipart
Concept Selection (continued)
CONCEPT XY!!!!
*Images care of Microsoft Office Clipart
Structural/Lift Concepts
Hovercraft Programming Concept Design
By Team Strider’s Structural/Lift Team
Figure 1
• Frisbee-like circular base
• Centrifugal fan
Figure 2
• Square, styrofoam base
• Piston based air pump
• Distributed arrangement
Structure/Lift – Figure 3
•Thin Metal or Balsa wood base with axial symmetry
•Axial fan
•Dispersed load
Centrifugal Fan
axial symmetry
Structure/Lift
circular base
square base
ducted fan
air pump
axial fan
Pugh Chart
Strength + 0 - - 0 0 0
Durability + 0 - - 0 0 0
Balance - 0 - 0 0 + 0
Ease of Construction - 0 0 - - - 0
Availability of materials 0 0 - - 0 0 0
Cost - 0 + 0 0 0 0
Safety 0 0 0 - 0 0 0
Weight - 0 + 0 - + 0
Size - 0 + 0 - - 0
Payload assisting - 0 - - + - 0
Sum +'s 2 0 3 0 1 2 0
Sum 0's 2 10 2 4 6 5 10
Sum -'s 6 0 5 6 3 3 0
Net Score -4 0 -2 -6 -2 -1 0
Rank
Continue ? No Yes No No No No Yes
small volume
large volume
Structure/Lift
arrangement
arrangement
sheet metal
balsa wood
distributed
rubberizer
styrofoam
vertical
frisbee
spray
Pugh Chart
Strength - - - - 0 - 0 - 0
Durability - - - - 0 - 0 - 0
Balance 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0
Ease of Construction + + + + 0 - 0 - 0
Availability of materials 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cost + - + + 0 - 0 0 0
Safety + + 0 0 0 - 0 0 0
Weight + - + + 0 - 0 - 0
Size - 0 0 0 0 - 0 - 0
Payload assisting - - - 0 0 - 0 - 0
Sum +'s 4 2 3 3 0 0 0 0 0
Sum 0's 2 3 4 5 10 1 10 4 10
Sum -'s 4 5 3 2 0 9 0 6 0
Net Score 0 -3 0 1 0 -8 0 -6 0
Rank
Com
Com
bine
bine
Continue ? No No No No Yes No Yes
All-Terrain Vehicle
United States Patent 6845833
• Rectangular/trapezoidal shape with a main cabin
• Lift engine supplies lift to the backside of the
main body. Separate from propel engine.
• Incorporated various structural shapes in our concept generation.
• Assumed the lift engine to be separate from the propel engine.
Vehicle Assisting Fabric
United States Patent 6955192
• External fabric utilized to support vehicle in snow,
sand, or mud.
• When using fragile materials, such as Styrofoam, for the base,
rubberized spray can be applied to reinforce the structure.
Air Cushion Vessel
United States Patent 6672234
• Weight supported by varying elements such as
surfaces, different volumes, air cushions, and
pressure.
• Size/arrangement are designed to achieve the best
effect for lift and motion.
• Incorporated concepts like size of volume and need for strong powered
lift fan to provide air cushion.
• Recognized need for distributed arrangement to create balance for lift
and motion.
Propulsion/Power Concepts
Hovercraft Programming Concept Design
By Team Strider’s Propulsion/Power Team
Propulsion Concepts
Figure 4
Reference 2
Hovercraft Concept Design
Rear mount Propulsion with rear mount steering fan
Propulsion Concepts (continued)
Figure 5
Reference 2
Hovercraft Concept Design
Dual Propulsion/Steer motor
Single lift motor
Propulsion Concepts (continued)
Figure 6
Reference 2
Hovercraft Concept Design
Dual Propulsion/Steer motors
Propulsion Concepts (continued)
Figure 7
Reference 2
Hovercraft Concept Design
Dual Propulsion motors
Single lift motor
Propulsion Concepts (continued)
Figure 8
Reference 1
Hovercraft Concept Design
Rear Facing Propeller with Rudders
Propulsion Concepts (continued)
Figure 9
Reference 1
Hovercraft Concept Design
Air Intake and Directional Expulsion System
Propulsion Concepts (continued)
Figure 10
Hovercraft Concept Design
Dual Rear Angled Propellers
Propulsion Concepts (continued)
Figure 11
Hovercraft Concept Design
Dual Front Mounted Pulling Propellers
Propulsion Concepts (continued)
Figure 12
Hovercraft Concept Design
Multi-Directional Propellers That Pull
B. Rear E.
Mount C. Dual Mid- (Reference)
A. Dual Propulsion w/ mounted D. Dual Fixed Rear Facing
Propulsion/ Rear Mount Rotating Mid-mounted Propeller
Steer Motor Steering Fan Propellers Propellers with rudder
F. Air Intake and
Directional G. Dual Rear H. Dual Front I. Multi-
Expulsion Angled Mounted Pulling Directional
System Propellers Propellers Propellers
Photos from Reference 1
Concepts
Selection Criteria A B C D E F G H I
Size 0 -' 0 0 0 +' 0 -' -'
Minimum Fan
Output 0 0 0 0 0 -' 0 0 0
Maximum Fan
Output 0 +' +' +' 0 -' +' +' +'
Cost 0 -' 0 0 0 0 0 -' -'
Ease of
Integration -' -' -' +' 0 -' +' -' -'
Weight 0 -' 0 0 0 +' 0 -' -'
Aesthetics 0 0 0 0 0 +' 0 0 -'
Variable Power +' +' +' +' 0 -' +' +' +'
Durability 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -' -'
# of Fans (2 is
best) +' -' +' +' 0 -' +' +' -'
Turning Radius +' 0 +' +' 0 0 0 -' +'
A B C D E F G H I
Sum +'s 3 2 4 5 0 4 4 3 3
Sum 0's 8 4 6 6 12 3 7 2 1
Sum -'s 1 6 4 1 0 5 1 7 8
Net Score 2 -4 0 4 0 -1 3 -4 -5
Rank 3 7 (t) 4 (t) 1 4 (t) 6 2 7 (t) 9
Continue? Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No
Concepts - Propulsion
Dual Mid- Dual Fixed (Reference)
Dual mounted Mid- Rear Facing Dual Rear
Propulsion/ Rotating mounted Propeller Angled
Steer Motor Propellers Propellers with rudder Propellers
Ratin Scor Ratin Scor Ratin Scor Ratin Scor Ratin Scor
Selection Criteria Weight g e g e g e g e g e
Power
Requirements 8% 3 0.24 2 0.16 2 0.16 3 0.24 2 0.16
Size 10% 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3
Minimum Fan
Output 5% 3 0.15 3 0.15 3 0.15 3 0.15 3 0.3
Maximum Fan
Output 5% 3 0.15 4 0.2 4 0.2 3 0.15 4 0.2
Cost 10% 4 0.4 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3
Ease of Integration 10% 2 0.2 2 0.2 4 0.4 2 0.2 3 0.3
Weight 10% 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3
Aesthetics 5% 3 0.15 3 0.15 3 0.3 3 0.15 3 0.15
Variable Power 14% 3 0.42 4 0.56 4 0.56 2 0.28 4 0.56
Durability 5% 3 0.15 3 0.15 3 0.15 2 0.1 3 0.15
Number of Fans 8% 3 0.24 4 0.32 4 0.32 2 0.16 4 0.32
Turning Radius 10% 4 0.4 4 0.4 3 0.3 2 0.2 3 0.3
Total
Score 3.1 3.19 3.44 2.53 3.34
Rank 4 3 1 5 2
Dual Fixed Mid-mounted Propellers
Power Concepts
Power Concepts
Figure 13
Reference 4
Hovercraft Power Supply Design
4 "AA" Serial Battery Holders
Power Concepts (continued)
Figure 14
Reference 5
Hovercraft Power Supply Design
"PP3" Serial Battery Holders
Power Concepts (continued)
Figure 15
Reference 6
Hovercraft Power Supply Design
7.2V Rechargeable Battery Pack
Power Concepts (continued)
Figure 16
Reference 7
Hovercraft Power Supply Design
Solar Panels
4 "AA" Serial "PP3" Serial
Battery Battery (Reference)
Holders Holders Battery Pack Solar Panels
Photos from Reference
4, 5, 6, 7
Concepts
4 "AA" "PP3"
Serial Serial (Reference)
Selection Battery Battery Battery Solar
Criteria Holders Holders Pack Panels
Power Output 0 +' 0 -'
Size '+' +' 0 0
Weight '+' +' 0 0
Ease of
Integration '+' +' 0 -'
Cost '+' +' 0 -'
Availability +' +' 0 +'
Sum +'s 5 6 0 1
Sum 0's 1 0 6 2
Sum -'s 0 0 0 3
Net Score 5 6 0 -2
Rank 2 1 3 4
Continue? Yes Yes Yes No
Concepts - Power
4 "AA" Serial Battery "PP3" Serial Battery (Reference) Battery
Holders Holders Pack
Selection Weighted Weighted Weighted
Criteria Weight Rating Score Rating Score Rating Score
Power Output 10% 3 0.3 4 0.4 2 0.2
Size 20% 3 0.6 5 1 2 0.4
Weight 20% 4 0.8 5 1 3 0.6
Ease of
Integration 20% 4 0.8 4 0.8 2 0.4
Cost 20% 5 1 5 1 2 0.4
Availability 10% 4 0.4 3 0.3 3 0.3
Total
Score 3.9 4.5 2.3
Rank 2 1 3
Continue? No Yes No
Dual Fixed Mid-mounted Propellers 4 "AA" Serial Battery Holders
Team Strider’s Gantt Chart
Hovercraft Concept Design
By Team Strider
Gantt Chart
WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEK 7 WEEK 8 WEEK
(Jan 30- (Feb 6- (Feb 13- (Feb20- (Feb 27- (Mar 6- (Mar 13- (Mar 20-
TASKS: Feb 03) 10) 17) 24) Mar 3) 10) 17) 26)
WEEK 9 WEEK WEEK 15
(Mar 27- 10 (Apr 11(Apr 10- WEEK 12 WEEK 13 WEEK 14 (May8- WEEK 16
Team Contract TASKS: 31) 3-7) 14) (Apr17-21) (Apr 24-28) (May1-5) 11) EXAMS
Prospectus Team Contract
Introduction,
Benchmarking, Prospectus
and Specification
Concept
Generation and
Introduction,
Selection Benchmarking, and
Specification
Presentation I
Concept Generation
Preliminary and Selection
Design
Presentation I
Finals Week
Design Report
Spring Break
Final
Presentation and Preliminary Design
Report
Research/
Specification Design Report
Stage
Concept
Generation and Final Presentation
Selection Stage and Report
Drawing/ Design
Stage Research/
Key Specification Stage
Build Assignment
(Subsystems)
Stage Concept Generation
Already and Selection Stage
Integration Stage done
Drawing/ Design
Prototype
Presentation Stage
Testing Stage
Build (Subsystems)
Project Stages:
Stage
Should be
done by
Integration Stage
Buffer
Redesign Stage Prototype Testing
Deadline Stage
Break Redesign Stage
Conclusion
References
Reference 1:
RC H overcraft Models. <http://hovercraftmodels.com/index.html > (9 February, 2005 ).
Reference 2:
US. Patent Bureau www.uspto.gov (1 March, 2006)
Reference 3:
Hobby Lobby www.hobby-lobby.com (1 March, 2006)
Reference 4:
Thomas Distributing www.thomas-distributing.com (5 March, 2006)
RC Hovercraft Models. <http://hovercraftmodels.com/index.html> (9 February, 2005).
References (continued)
Reference 5:
Strikalite Batteries www.strikalite.co.uk (5 March, 2006)
Reference 6:
Only Batteries www.onlybatteries.com (6 March, 2006)
Reference 7:
Silicon Solar Inc www.siliconsolar.com (3 March, 2006)
