Global Studies II a. He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientists.
2006 Semester Exam Review b. He painted the Mona Lisa while holding scientific discussions.
c. He lived in Italy during the 1500’s.
Chapters 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, & 26 d. He used perspective in all of his drawings and paintings.
10. What was the main reason for Henry VIII’s split with the Roman Catholic Church?
CHAPTER 17: The Renaissance and Reformation a. his religious beliefs
b. his desire for a male heir
1. The Council of Trent agreed that c. his desire to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon
a. Christians need only faith for salvation. d. his unwillingness to pay Church taxes
b. the Church’s interpretation of the Bible is final.
c. priests cannot pardon sinners for committing sins. 11. The Peace of Augsburg ended a war between the supporters of which two groups?
d. the Bible is the only authority for guiding Christian life. a. England and Spain
b. Catholic and Protestant Germanic Princes
2. What was the Renaissance a rebirth of? c. Roman Catholics and Anglicans
a. Christian devotion d. French Catholics and Huguenots
b. art and learning
c. chivalry and tournaments 12. Who was the important Catholic Reformer who founded the Jesuit order?
d. good health after the plague a. Katarina Zell
b. Girolamo Savonarola
3. The founder of the religious order known as the Jesuits was c. Ignatius of Loyola
a. Matthew Zell. d. Pope Paul III
b. St. Bartholomew.
c. Ignatius of Loyola. 13. The best synonym for the word secular is
d. Marguerite of Navarre. a. new.
b. worldly.
4. To become known as an important patron, one most needed to be c. humane.
a. wealthy. d. religious.
b. creative.
c. religious. 14. The study of classical texts caused humanists to focus on what subject?
d. intellectual. a. humane potential and achievements
b. an understanding of early Christianity
5. the first use of movable type was in c. an understanding of ancient Muslim values
a. Greece. d. Roman law and government
b. Germany.
c. Italy. 15. The followers of John Knox became known as
d. China. a. Amish.
b. Quakers.
6. What was one of John Calvin’s major teachings? c. Lutherans.
a. humanism d. Presbyterians.
b. adult baptism
c. indulgences 16. A person who works in the vernacular is one who
d. predestination a. relies on realism.
b. uses only natural light.
7. The intellectual and cultural movement known as humanism arose from the study of c. uses a verse form of writing.
a. medieval scholarship. d. writes in a local language.
b. original Christian writings.
c. classical Greek and Roman culture. 17. Which of the following did Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More have in common?
d. the contributions of the Tang and Song dynasties. a. both were French
b. both wrote only in English.
8. Luther protested the practice of selling indulgences. What was that practice? c. both were considered humanists
a. Clergy members bought indulgences to reach higher offices. d. both rejected religion and the Bible
b. The clergy sold pardons that released people from performing penalties for their sins.
c. Charles V told his told his people that buying indulgences was a way to earn a way to heaven. 18. What kind of person represented the ideal of the “renaissance Man”?
d. Indulgences permitted priests to marry and have children. a. someone who enjoyed worldly pleasures
b. someone who excelled in many areas of study
9. In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the Renaissance Man? c. someone who specialized in a particular field of study
d. someone who supported and appreciated the arts without creating art c. Cuba
d. Brazil
19. What was the first full size book Gutenberg printed?
a. Utopia 8. Who conquered the Inca Empire?
b. Romeo and Juliet a. Hernando Cortes
c. the Bible b. Francisco Pizarro
d. The Prince c. Ferdinand Magellan
d. Vasco Balboa
20. Renaissance painter in Flanders, as in Italy, tended to produce work that was
a. realistic. 9. The Spanish were aided in conquering the Aztec civilization by all of the following EXCEPT
b. idealistic. a. the spread of disease
c. distorted. b. more numerous forces
d. formal and tightly structured. c. native enemies of the Aztec
d. superior weapons
10. Which of the following received the FEWEST slaves from the Atlantic slave trade?
CHAPTER 19, 20: Age of Exploration a. Brazil
b. Spanish America
1. In the years directly following the Crusades, the trade of goods from East to West was controlled by c. the Caribbean Islands
a. the Portuguese d. British North America
b. the British and the Dutch
c. the Italians and the Spanish 11. What was the first colony founded by the English?
d. the Muslims and the Italians a. Plymouth
b. Jamestown
2. Who captained the first European ship to sail around the tip of Africa, now known as the Cape of Good Hope? c. Charles Towne
a. Prince Henry d. Glasgow
b. Vasco da Gama
c. Bartolomeu Dias 12. The Columbian Exchange centered in which ocean?
d. Christopher Columbus a. the Indian Ocean
b. the Pacific Ocean
3. The caravel was an important development in navigation because of its ability to c. the Mediterranean Sea
a. sail against the wind d. the Atlantic Ocean
b. sail in shallow waters
c. withstand storms at sea 13. What was the main cargo on ships that crossed the Middle Passage?
d. carry large numbers of crewmembers a. slaves
b. fruit
4. In the years directly following the Crusades, average merchants purchased Asian goods by c. spices
a. sailing to Asia d. silk
b. trading with Italian traders
c. trading with Arab Muslims traders 14. Who captained the voyage that, after his death, became the first the successfully sail around the world?
d. trading with Portuguese a. Christopher Columbus
b. Hernando Cortes
5. The European leader in developing and applying 15th century sailing innovations was c. Ferdinand Magellan
a. Italy d. Montezuma
b. Spain
c. Portugal 15. Which of the following areas was originally founded by the Dutch?
d. the Netherlands a. Massachusetts
b. Quebec
6. The purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas, signed by Spain and Portugal, was to c. Mississippi
a. divide up the trade routes to the East d. New York
b. decrease the conflict over the claiming of new lands
c. promote cooperation in sharing technological advances 16. Most joint-stock companies were founded to fund
d. to create an alliance to combat the Dutch a. colonies
b. slave trade
7. Vasco da Gama was the first to sail around the tip of Africa to c. wars
a. China d. gold mines
b. India
17. The main interest of the French in the New World centered on b. Catholics
a. religious freedom c. Huguenots
b. the fur trade d. Protestants
c. gold mines
d. establishing colonies ______6. By the end of the 1600s, England’s system of government had become
a. an absolute monarchy.
18. Which of the following people came to the New World the escape religious persecution? b. a military dictatorship.
a. the French c. a constitutional monarchy.
b. the Pilgrims d. a constitutional democracy.
c. the Dutch ______ 7. Which if the following is a point made in the Petition of Right?
d. the English a. A ruler would imprison someone if they assumed him or her to be guilty.
b. A ruler would not levy taxes without Parliament approval.
19. What war pitted the French verse the English for territory in the New World? c. A ruler would house soldiers in private homes if he felt it necessary.
a. the French and Indian War d. A ruler would not impose martial law unless he felt citizens were getting unruly.
b. the Rabbit War
c. the Ten Years War ____ 1. Which war was sparked by religious conflict and resulted in the increased power of France, the weakening
d. the Mexican American War of Spain and Austria, and the devastation of Germany?
A. the Seven Years' War
20. All of the following are true about the African slave trade EXCEPT B. the Thirty Years' War
a. most slaves came from Western Africa C. the War of the Spanish Succession
b. the Middle Passage was extremely harsh D. the War of the Austrian Succession
c. most slaves went to New England
d. the plantation system in South America was extremely harsh ____ 2. Under Maria Theresa, Austria's greatest enemy was
A. Prussia.
CHAPTER 21: Absolutism B. Hungary.
C. Bohemia.
______1. All of the following encouraged the development of absolutism D. the Ottoman Empire.
EXCEPT for the rise of
a. cities. ____ 3. Why did Peter the Great build the city of St. Petersburg?
b. colonies. A. He wanted a city named after himself so that he would be remembered.
c. feudalism. B. He wanted a city on a seaport that would make it easier to travel to the West.
d. national kingdoms. C. He didn't like Moscow, so he decided to build a new city.
D. He wanted to build a city that was just like the European cities he visited.
______2. Which of the following wars was sparked by religious differences,
strengthened France, weakened Spain and Austria, and devastated ___ 4. What event led to the War of the Spanish Succession?
Germany? A. Charles II made Louis XIV's grandson his heir, adding to Bourbon power.
a. the Seven Years’ War B. The Dutch prince William of Orange became king of England.
b. the Thirty Years’ War C. Great Britain took control of the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea.
c. the War of the Spanish Succession D. The Austrian Hapsburgs took control of the Spanish Netherlands.
d. the War of the Austrian Succession
____ 5. After the northern Dutch gained their freedom from Spain, what type of government did the United
______3. The Edict of Nantes was a declaration of Provinces of the Netherlands establish?
a. war. A. a republic
b. peace. B. a military dictatorship
c. independence. C. a constitutional monarchy
d. religious toleration. D. an absolute monarchy
______4. Peter the Great was the first Russian ruler to make efforts to ____ 6. What were some of Philip II's accomplishments as king of Spain?
a. westernize Russia. A. He built up the strongest army in the world with 80,000 men.
b. reduce the power of the nobles. B. He won territory in the Seven Years' War.
c. add territory to the Russian state. C. He reformed the culture and made Spain a power to be reckoned with.
d. organize and utilize a secret police force. D. He defended Roman Catholicism and helped stimulate the arts.
______5. Which of the following did the Glorious Revolution bring to England’s ____ 7. What concept was the belief in "divine right" used to support?
throne? A. absolute rule
a. Puritans B. freedom of religion
C. separation of church and state ____ 17. Frederick II came to power as the
D. waging war for religious purposes A. king of Prussia.
B. king of Austria.
____ 8. Which war resulted in the beginning of the modern state system in Europe? C. elector of Brandenburg.
A. Seven Years' War D. emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
B. Thirty Years' War
C. War of the Spanish Succession ____ 18. How did the Puritans finally win the English Civil War?
D. War of the Austrian Succession A. Cromwell's army defeated the Royalists, and the Puritans held the king prisoner.
B. Cromwell killed Charles I and appointed himself dictator.
____ 9. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, which of the following groups suffered the greatest loss of power? C. Cromwell stormed the castle and seized Charles I.
A. the serfs D. Cromwell won support of Parliament and was appointed dictator.
B. the boyars
C. the monarchy ____ 19. Which of the following did the Restoration "restore" to power in England?
D. the Russian Orthodox church A. Parliament
B. the Catholics
____ 10. What was the significance of the English Bill of Rights? C. the monarchy, as an institution
A. It established the group of government ministers known as the cabinet. D. the king who had been overthrown in the civil war
B. It allowed for the bloodless overthrow of King James II.
C. It made clear the limits of royal power. ____ 20. In the mid-1600s, the group that was LEAST dependent on the labor of serfs was
D. It restored power to the monarch. A. the Ottoman Empire.
B. the kingdom of Poland.
____ 11. What was the Thirty Years' War a conflict over? C. the Holy Roman Empire.
A. the closing of Catholic churches by Ferdinand II D. the nations of western Europe.
B. the alliance of Maria Theresa and the French kings
C. the invasion of Silesia by the king of Prussia ____ 21. In Europe, the Seven Years' War resulted in
D. religion, territory, and power among European ruling families A. no exchange of territories in Europe.
B. Germany's becoming part of France.
____ 12. Ivan the Terrible's cruelty was aimed mainly at C. Bohemia's becoming part of Austria.
A. serfs. D. Hungary's becoming part of the Ottoman Empire.
B. priests.
C. nobles. ____ 22. How did the United Provinces of the Netherlands differ from neighboring states?
D. merchants. A. It was a constitutional monarchy.
B. It had elected governors whose power depended on landowners and merchants.
____ 13. The site for St. Petersburg was chosen because it was near C. It had an unstable government that did not focus on economic growth.
A. Moscow. D. It continued the feudal system and did not allow a middle class to grow.
B. Peter's favorite palace.
C. water routes to Europe. ____ 23. What did Frederick the Great believe a ruler should be?
D. major roadways to Europe. A. a father to his people
B. all-powerful and unrelenting
____ 14. Most of the early battles of the Thirty Years' War were won by the C. suspicious of his advisers
A. Calvinists. D. a military commander
B. Hapsburgs.
C. French Catholics. ____ 24. What was one reason Ivan IV was called Ivan the Terrible?
D. German Protestants. A. He poisoned his wife Anastasia because she was from a boyar family.
B. He organized a police force that murdered people he considered traitors.
____ 15. Which of the following reflects the chronological order of events in English history? C. He made the nobility dependent on him and gave power to the middle class.
A. the Glorious Revolution-the Restoration-the English Civil War D. He was in debt to several countries and had to declare bankruptcy.
B. the English Civil War-the Restoration-the Glorious Revolution
C. the English Civil War-the Glorious Revolution-the Restoration ____ 25. Peter the Great's main reason for visiting the West was to
D. the Restoration-the English Civil War-the Glorious Revolution A. gain allies for Russia.
B. gain a warm-water seaport for Russia.
____ 16. The War of the Austrian Succession was fought over the possession of lands belonging to C. learn about Western customs and technology.
A. Charles VI. D. impress the West with Russia's learning and technology.
B. Frederick II.
C. Ferdinand II. ____ 26. What were some of the things Peter the Great did to westernize Russia?
D. Maria Theresa. A. He raised women's status and made nobles wear Western fashions.
B. He introduced the potato and tobacco, both of which became staples. D. Anstasia Romanov
C. He moved the capital of Russia to Moscow, which has a seaport.
D. He established the outdoor market and promoted the arts.
CHAPTER 22: The Enlightenment
____ 27. In Russia, the boyars were
A. merchants. 1. Which answer is NOT one of the three branches of government established by Congress in order to create a
B. career soldiers. more stable and effective government?
C. slave-like laborers. a. legislative branch
D. landowning nobles. b. executive branch
c. judicial branch
____ 28. How did Cardinal Richelieu work to increase the power of the Bourbon monarchy? d. representative branch
A. He dissolved Parliament and refused to make Puritan reforms.
B. He executed nobles and gave their land to the middle class. 2. What was Francois Marie Arouet’s pen name?
C. He moved against the Huguenots and weakened the power of the nobles. a. Astell
D. He excluded nobles from his councils and demanded they live at court. b. Montesquieu
c. Locke
____ 29. Why did strong states form more slowly in central Europe than in western Europe? d. Voltaire
A. They experienced terrible losses during the Thirty Years' War. e. Geoffrin
B. They had weak empires and poor economies without a middle class.
C. The citizens in the empires overthrew one ruler after another. 3. What new form of literature developed during the spread of the Enlightenment?
D. The rulers wore too many crowns and ruled too much land. a. essays
b. nonfiction works
____ 30. Who inherited the Austrian throne only after Charles VI had the other European powers sign an c. magazines
agreement declaring they would recognize the heir? d. editorials
A. Frederick the Great e. novels
B. Anastasia Romanov
C. William of Orange 4. What did the philosophes believe?
D. Maria Theresa a. That people could apply reason to all aspects of life.
b. That the Catholic Church was incorrect in its teachings.
____ 31. How did the economy of central Europe differ from that of western Europe? c. That women should have roles within the government.
A. The feudal system ended earlier in central Europe. d. That educating children should be a first priority.
B. A middle class and a system of capitalism developed in central Europe. e. That all inventors should receive a patent for their tools.
C. Monarchs in central Europe taxed the middle class to pay for armies.
D. Serfs in central Europe did not move to cities and become the middle class. 5. Which of the following did Voltaire NOT fight for through his writing?
a. reason
____ 32. At the time that Peter the Great took the throne, the most essential part of the Russian economy was b. freedom of religious belief
A. serfs. c. women’s rights
B. colonies. d. freedom of speech.
C. trade relations with Europe.
D. merchants and bankers. 6. What were the salons of Paris?
a. Local bars where intellects met to discuss politics
____ 33. What problem helped to weaken the Spanish Empire? b. Gathering spots for the women of the Enlightenment movement in Paris
A. Spain experienced a period of severe inflation and heavy taxes. c. “Holding cells” used by monarchs to detain those that criticized the church
B. Spain developed a highly influential middle class and lost its nobility. d. Drawing rooms of wealthy women of Paris where social gatherings took place
C. Spanish kings borrowed money from England and France to finance wars.
D. Spanish kings refused to declare bankruptcy or repay their debts. 7. Which writer devoted himself to the study of political liberty?
a. Voltaire
____ 34. What was the main cause of the eight civil wars that were fought in France between 1562 and 1598? b. Montesquieu
A. class differences c. Russell
B. economic hardship d. Dedrot
C. religious differences
D. the lack of a clear heir to the throne 8. Montesquieu’s ideas about separation of powers and checks and balances became the basis for what?
a. The Declaration of Independence
____ 35. The first Russian ruler to adopt the title czar, meaning "caesar," was b. The Scientific Method
A. Peter the Great. c. The United States Constitution
B. Ivan the Terrible. d. The American Revolution
C. Michael Romanov. e. The Social Contract
a. reason and thought
9. Where did young people from Europe and America gather to enjoy culture and thrive in various intellectual b. church guidance
settings? c. government control
a. London d. freedom of serfs
b. Paris e. peace and prosperity
c. Boston
d. Rome 18. What war broke out in 1754 on the North American continent between the English and the French?
a. French and Indian War
10. Which of the following is not one of the five concepts that formed the core beliefs of the philosophes? b. American Revolution
a. reason c. Thirty Years’ War
b. nature d. American Civil War
c. happiness
d. progress 19. What is an enlightened despot?
e. peace a. refers to the philosophes of the Enlightenment movement
b. refers to the women who held social gatherings in their drawing rooms
11. Who was Marie-Therese Geoffrin? c. refers to a monarch that embraced the new ideas of the Enlightenment period
a. Author of the Encyclopedia d. refers to a weapon used during the American Revolution
b. Famous female doctor/inventor 20. What happened on April 19, 1775?
c. Salon hostess a. The American Revolution began
d. Wife of Diderot. b. The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution
e. Queen of Austria during the Enlightenment c. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence
d. The Navigation Act was passed by the British
12. Due to the influence of the Enlightenment during the late 1700s, what artistic style developed? e. The “Boston Tea Party” took place
a. Neoclassical
b. Barque
c. Contemporary ____ 1. The Declaration of Independence was written by
d. Stoic A. John Adams.
e. Ornate B. Benjamin Franklin.
C. Thomas Jefferson.
13. During the Enlightenment period what style of music emerged? D. Patrick Henry.
a. Opera
b. Choral ____ 2. In the 1700s, which of the following showed the influence of Enlightenment ideas?
c. Classical A. a woman reading a novel
d. Modern B. a woman allowing her child to have a smallpox vaccination
e. Organ C. a man attending a salon
D. all of the above
14. What two desires motivated enlightened despots to support the philosophes’ ideas?
a. To better the lives of the peasant/servant class and to establish a middle class. ____ 3. Which of the following men contradicted the ideas in the U.S. Constitution?
b. To make their countries stronger and their own rule more effective. A. Baron de Montesquieu
c. To begin to shift to a more democratic government and rule more justly. B. Thomas Hobbes
d. To gain favor with other nations and top intellects of the Enlightenment. C. John Locke
D. Denis Diderot
15. During her reign, Catherine the Great of Russia did what?
a. created a middle-class ____ 4. What did the American colonists protest as "taxation without representation"?
b. lost several key battles, reducing her hold on the empire A. French and Indian War
c. took the last traces of freedom from the serfs B. Navigation Acts
d. introduced potatoes as a staple to the Russian diet C. Stamp Act
e. won a warm water seaport at St. Petersburg D. import tax on tea
16. What did the trade law (Navigation Act) passed by Parliament in 1651 demand that the colonists of North ____ 5. Isaac Newton explained the
America do? A. law of universal gravitation.
a. limit their trade goods to tea and cotton B. anatomy of the human body.
b. close the Boston Harbor C. chemical composition of matter.
c. trade half their goods with England and half with Spain D. function of blood vessels.
d. trade their most valuable goods solely with Great Britain.
____ 6. The Bill of Rights was influenced by
17. What did the Enlightenment movement stress? A. Voltaire.
B. John Locke.
C. Jean Jacques Rousseau. ____ 16. Which of the following occurred last?
D. all of the above. A. the repeal of the Stamp Act
B. the adoption of the Bill of Rights
____ 7. Which of the following were caused by the scientific revolution? C. the end of the French and Indian War
A. the belief that the earth was an unmoving object at the center of the universe D. the calling of the Second Continental Congress
B. improvements in medicine and scientific instruments
C. reliance on ancient authorities to explain the physical world ____ 17. Frederick II supported which of the following?
D. the assumption that the human body was similar to the anatomy of other animals A. freedom of worship
B. Christian religion
____ 8. The first national government of the 13 individual states in North America was created by the C. wealthy landowners
A. Constitution. D. direct democracy
B. Navigation Acts.
C. Articles of Confederation. ____ 18. Henry Fielding was a writer who
D. Declaration of Independence. A. turned out many popular poems in the 1700s.
B. wrote a novel about the life of a young servant girl.
____ 9. The philosophes influenced Catherine the Great's C. developed many features of the modern novel.
A. architectural plans for her palace. D. all of the above.
B. military campaign against Poland.
C. diplomatic relations with France ____ 19. The idea of a direct democracy is explained in
D. proposal on reforms to Russia's laws. A. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
B. The Social Contract.
____ 10. European art of the 1600s and early 1700s was dominated by a grand, ornate style called C. Starry Messenger.
A. neoclassical. D. On the Spirit of Laws.
B. classical.
C. baroque. ____ 20. What did Andreas Vesalius and Voltaire both do?
D. gothic. A. write drama and fiction.
B. analyze human anatomy.
____ 11. Which of the following reflects the correct sequence of steps used in the scientific process? C. challenge preexisting ideas.
A. observation, question, experimentation, hypothesis, conclusion D. spent time in jail for their ideas.
B. question, experimentation, hypothesis, observation, conclusion
C. question, observation, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion ____ 21. The heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory was proposed by
D. observation, question, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion A. Galileo Galilei.
B. Nicolaus Copernicus.
____ 12. Which of the following did the censors of the Catholic Church ban? C. Francis Bacon.
A. Don Giovanni D. Isaac Newton.
B. the Encyclopedia
C. Tom Jones ____ 22. In which of the following ways did the taxation problem in America differ before and after independence?
D. all of the above A. Before were too many British taxes; after were not enough federal taxes.
B. Before were too few British taxes; after were too many federal taxes.
____ 13. Which of the following is true of the neoclassical style of art? C. Before were too many British taxes; after were too many federal taxes.
A. It emphasized elegance and simplicity. D. Before were too few British taxes; after were not enough federal taxes.
B. It tended to be ornate, highly detailed, and rich in color.
C. It was the dominant style of art during the Middle Ages. ____ 23. What was Montesquieu's influence on the U.S. Constitution?
D. It was based on ideas and themes from ancient Japan. A. public elections
B. branches of government
____ 14. How did Zacharias Janssen make Anton van Leeuwenhoek's discoveries possible? C. the Bill of Rights
A. He invented the microscope. D. representatives
B. He offered Leeuwenhoek financial support.
C. He provided valuable research information to Leeuwenhoek. ____ 24. Francis Bacon helped to develop
D. He invented the thermometer. A. the microscope
B. the law of the pendulum
____ 15. Which of the following was created by the Articles of Confederation? C. the scientific method.
A. the Congress D. the barometer.
B. the Supreme Court
C. the office of president ____ 25. Which of the following events occurred after the American Revolution?
D. the office of vice-president A. Constitutional Convention
B. French and Indian War D. authoritarian rule
C. Stamp Act
D. Navigation Acts Chapter 23: The French Revolution
____ 26. In which of the following ways does the main character in Richardson's Pamela reflect 1. Which class made up most of the Third Estate?
Enlightenment ideas? a. nobles
A. She was a monarch who became enlightened. b. peasants
B. She used the scientific method. c. clergy
C. She resisted an abuse of authority. d. trades people
D. She worked as a servant girl.
2. The First Estate consisted of which group?
____ 27. How did the Baroque style and the neoclassical style differ? a. peasants
A. Baroque was used for music; neoclassical was used for painting. b. nobles
B. Baroque was used by Mozart; neoclassical was used by Bach. c. clergy
C. Baroque was grand and ornate; neoclassical was simple and elegant. d. trades people
D. All of the above are true.
3. Which class made up most of the Second Estate?
____ 28. How were Thomas Hobbes and Catherine the Great similar? a. nobles
A. Both were influenced by John Locke. b. peasants
B. Both were affected by the horrors of the English Civil War. c. clergy
C. Both were influenced by Voltaire and Baron de Montesquieu. d. trades people
D. Both believed that a monarch should have absolute authority.
4. How did the Third Estate view the other two estates before the French Revolution?
____ 29. How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment ideals? a. they viewed them as equals
A. It stated that all titles of nobility should be abolished. b. they resented them
B. It protected the rights of the accused and prohibited cruel punishment. c. they paid little attention to them
C. It set up a system of checks and balances for the U.S. government. d. they viewed them as lesser people (in terms of their social class).
D. It said that people have rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
5. How did Louis XVI respond to the growing feelings of unrest due to the decline of the once prosperous
____ 30. What was the law of universal gravitation? economy?
A. The earth and other planets revolve around the sun. a. he placed citizens under marshal law
B. All physical objects are affected equally by the same forces. b. he implemented success trade laws
C. A falling object accelerates at a fixed and predictable rate. c. he ignored them and let them get worse
D. The physical world consists of four elements-earth, air, fire, and water. d. he established a national bank
____ 31. A major reason for the colonists' victory over Britain was 6. What was established by the Third Estate at the meeting of the Estates-General?
A. superior weaponry. a. The National Assembly
B. a stronger motivation to fight. b. The French Constitution
C. military support from Italy c. Idea/plans to storm the Bastille
D. more experienced generals d. The Legislative Assembly
____ 32. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? 7. What event occurred in October of 1789?
A. John Locke a. Angry mob stormed the Bastille.
B. Samuel Adams b. Louis XVI and his family attempted to flee France.
C. Thomas Jefferson c. Women, angered by the price of bread, rioted and marched on Versailles.
D. Benjamin Franklin d. Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo.
____ 33. Which of the following did the Enlightenment promote? 8. Who was Olympe de Gouges?
A. a belief in progress a. Female writer executed as a traitor to the French Revolution.
B. a more secular outlook b. Leader of radical group known as Jacobins.
C. faith in science c. Ruled France as a dictator during the Great Terror.
D. all of the above d. Close friend and confidant of Marie Antoinette.
____ 34. In general, the philosophes believed in which of the following? 9. Which of the following is NOT one of the three factions that existed as a result of the split of the Legislative
A. expanding women's rights Assembly?
B. all Church decrees a. Moderates
C. progress for society b. Conservatives
c. Revolutionists 19. What discourages Napoleon in his conquest for the Americas?
d. Radicals a. His defeat in Saint Domingue by the rebellious slaves who now controlled the colony.
b. His loss against the colonial rebel fighters at Williamsburg.
10. What was the Reign of Terror? c. His lack of planning and inability to travel by sea and reach the Americas successfully.
a. Rumors caused nobles and peasants to revolt and bring terror to French countryside. d. The lack of support he received from the French people.
b. Head of the Committee of Public Safety ruled France as a brutal dictator.
c. Napoleon’s last attempts to regain his control of France. 20. What was seen as the best way to ensure equality and justice for all as a result of the French Revolution?
d. Series of days that preceded the execution of Louis XVI. a. constitutional monarchy
b. absolute monarchy
11. When did Napoleon seize political control of France? c. democracy
a. He seized power from Robespierre in 1712. d. communism
b. He seized power from the National Assembly in 1782.
c. He seized power from the Directory in 1799. 21. Which of the following is NOT one of the three goals of the Congress of Vienna?
d. He seized power from Louis XVI in 1750. a. To prevent future France aggression by surrounding France with strong countries.
b. To restore a balance of power so no one country was a threat to others.
12. What did Napoleon do to bring stability back to the economy of France? c. To restore Europe’s royal families to the throne.
a. Established a national banking system. d. To regain power as a European continent to be a force against the British.
b. Lowered the price of bread.
c. Imposed a higher tax on the peasant class. Chapter 25: The Industrial Revolution
d. Took money from the Catholic Church.
13. The greatest danger to the future of Napoleon’s empire was what? ____ 1. Which of the following factors MOST contributed to the shorter life span of those living in cities as opposed
a. His lack of political savvy. to those in the country?
b. His love of power. A. long working hours
c. His lack of an heir. B. illness caused by unhealthy living conditions
d. His hatred of the French people. C. inadequate housing
D. excessive garbage
14. What caused the War of 1812?
a. British blockade that led to search of America ships. ____ 2. Which of the following was a key idea in the free-market system?
b. Napoleon led troops into Spain to impose order and guerilla fighters fought back. A. protect the nation's industries from foreign competition
c. Napoleon marched on Moscow. B. establish minimum wages and maximum working hours
d. Napoleon established a blockade to prevent trade with the British. C. give government complete control of the means of production
D. refuse to interfere in either domestic or international economic matters
15. How long was the War of 1812?
a. one year ____ 3. Which of the following did NOT improve as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
b. four years A. living conditions for the average worker
c. six months B. educational opportunities
d. two years C. preservation of the environment
D. affordability of consumer goods
16. Napoleon’s defeat allowed for the freed European countries to concentrate on what?
a. Electing a new ruler to replace the dictator. ____ 4. How did the philosophy of laissez-faire economics influence early industrialists?
b. Establishing peace and stability on the European continent. A. with ideas of a free-market economy governed by natural laws, not government regulations
c. Restoring their war-torn countryside’s B. with ideas of an economy supported by tariffs on foreign goods
d. Easing the fears of peasant class in terms of the aftermath of the Revolution. C. with ideas that the elite had a responsibility to give to charities
D. all of the above
17. What happened to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette?
a. Shot as traitors ____ 5. Nineteenth-century socialists argued that government should
b. Beheaded for treason A. leave the economy alone.
c. Remained in prison until old age B. actively plan the economy.
d. Drank poison together before being apprehended C. destroy the economy.
D. allow the economy to be controlled by the bourgeoise.
18. What is the time when Napoleon attempted to gain back power known as/termed?
a. The Reign of Terror ____ 6. How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle class?
b. The Last March A. regarded highly
c. The Hundred Days B. looked down upon
d. The Versailles Attempt C. as equals
D. as outcasts
____ 17. How did Britain's economy affect the process of industrialization?
____ 7. What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution? A. positively, by Britain's highly developed banking system, availability of loans, and climate of progress
A. land, labor, capital B. positively, by Britain allowing women and children to work long hours and grow wealthy
B. government, military, colonies C. negatively, by Britain's decision to forbid engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers to leave the country
C. raw materials, natural resources, man-made goods D. negatively, by Britain's overseas expansion, which took jobs away from the British citizens
D. road, railway, and water transport
____ 18. What is the laissez-faire policy?
____ 8. With which of the following is Karl Marx most closely associated? A. a policy that allowed labor to set working conditions based on votes on issues relevant to their industry
A. socialism B. a policy where labor created a committee to set working standards without interference from industry owners
B. communism C. a policy that taught owners of industry how to set working conditions based on government standards
C. utilitarianism D. a policy that let owners of industry set working conditions without government interference
D. trade unionism
____ 19. How did the War of 1812 help pave the way for the United States to industrialize?
____ 9. In the 19th century, collective bargaining was carried out between A. The British blockade forced it to develop its own industries.
A. government and unions. B. Materials left over from the war influenced new American inventions.
B. employers and employees. C. British prisoners from the war greatly increased the U.S. workforce.
C. communists and capitalists. D. Under the Treaty of Ghent, Britain assisted in U.S. industry.
D. political and financial leaders.
____ 20. Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution?
____ 10. What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms? A. Many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities.
A. unions B. Enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners.
B. strikes C. Landowners experimented with new agricultural methods.
C. collective bargaining D. All of the above are true.
D. utilitarianism
____ 21. How did the crop rotation system that developed in Britain during the agricultural revolution increase crop
____ 11. What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurrred in 19th-century Britain and yields?
elsewhere in western Europe? A. by allowing more land to rest
A. poor crop yields B. by increasing nutrients in the soil
B. industrialization C. by ensuring that more of the seeds that were planted actually sprouted
C. improved living conditions in cities D. by decreasing the amount of land used to grow nutrient-depleting crops
D. more efficient transportation systems
____ 22. How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?
____ 12. What did William Wilberforce fight for in the 1800s? A. It created technology to clean them.
A. to establish public schools. B. It made them lose valuable sources of food.
B. to limit the length of the workday. C. It made the population grow faster than the housing supply.
C. to abolish child labor in factories. D. It made the crime rate drop.
D. to abolish slavery and the slave trade.
____ 23. What did Britain do in order to keep industrial secrets from the United States?
____ 13. How did the impact of worldwide industrialization effect the relationships between industrialized nations A. blockaded the United States from engaging in international trade
and non-industrialized nations? B. sent messengers with misleading information to the United States
A. It was the driving force behind imperialism. C. forbade engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country
B. It weakened economic ties between nations. D. charged impossible fees for the secrets to industrialization
C. Industrialized nations exploited their overseas colonies for slaves.
D. All of the above are true. ____ 24. What was the Industrial Revolution?
A. increased purchases of land by wealthy landowners to cultivate larger fields
____ 15. Utilitarianism held that government policies should promote B. increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th-century
A. wars and epidemics to kill off excess people. C. a widespread use of teenagers as factory laborers who worked 14 hour days, 6 days a week
B. public ownership of the means of production. D. increased populations of urban areas during the 1800s
C. the complete independence of each individual.
D. the greatest good for the greatest number of people. ____ 25. All of the following were results of the agricultural revolution in Britain EXCEPT that
A. food prices decreased.
____ 16. Which of the following was NOT a positive aspect of industrialization? B. population increased.
A. It created jobs for workers. C. the number of farmers increased.
B. It increased a nation's wealth. D. the average size of farms increased.
C. It improved living conditions in cities.
D. It increased the production of goods. ____ 26. An entrepreneur is a type of
A. scientist.
B. inventor. D. All of the above are true.
C. business person.
D. personal secretary. ____ 36. How did the Napoleonic wars and French Revolution impact the industrialization of Continental Europe?
A. Trade was halted in many parts of Europe.
____ 27. Which of the following did NOT improve as an early result of the Industrial Revolution? B. Communications between countries were interrupted.
A. factory working conditions C. Inflation was on the rise in some areas of Europe, disrupting the economy.
B. the quality of clothing D. All of the above are true.
C. the average person's diet
D. transportation ____ 37. Which of the following was the first area to undergo major industrialization?
A. banking
____ 28. Which of the following statements are true of socialism and communism? B. railroads
A. Socialism and communism are two words for the same ideology. C. coal mining
B. Socialism and communism are two completely different and unrelated ideologies. D. textile production
C. Communism is a form of complete socialism in which the people own all production and property.
D. Communism gives control of a country to its people and socialism gives control of industry to the people. ____ 38. In what way did the Agricultural Revolution pave the way for the Industrial Revolution?
A. It led to population growth.
____ 29. By the late 1700s, the best place to find a water frame and a spinning mule was in B. It increased food supplies.
A. a barn. C. It caused farmers to lose land and seek other work.
B. a factory. D. All of the above are true.
C. a farm house.
D. an urban home. ____ 39. Which of the following is an example of a reform movement?
A. abolition of slavery
____ 30. How might small farmers of the agricultural revolution be compared to the working class of the Industrial B. women's rights
Revolution? C. public education
A. Both endured long working hours. D. all of the above
B. Both suffered job losses due to progress.
C. Both lived in climates of social restructuring. ____ 40. In what way did the new middle class change British society?
D. All of the above are true. A. The power structure in London shifted from the city to the country.
B. The middle class became the new ruling class in society.
____ 31. Who defended the free-market system of capitalism in the book, The Wealth of Nations? C. Aristocrats and wealthy landowners looked down on the middle class.
A. Adam Smith D. Some members of the middle class achieved top positions in society.
B. John Stuart Mill
C. Jeremy Bentham ____ 41. Which of the follwing did NOT increase as an early result of the Industrial Revolution?
D. William Wilberforce A. urbanization
B. the size of the middle class
____ 32. What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods? C. the length of the average work day
A. It enabled the mining industry to work more efficiently without the need for workers. D. the life expectancy of the average worker
B. It allowed small ferries to monopolize the transport of raw materials through English canals.
C. It launched the railway age that brought the transportation of people and materials to a new level. ____ 42. What was the benefit of being a stockholder in a corporation?
D. All of the above are true. A. complete ownership of branch corporations
B. free goods produced by the corporation
____ 33. Which of the following was NOT a legislative reform in the 1800s? C. not personally responsible for its debts
A. In England, it became illegal to hire children under the age of nine. D. all of the above
B. The Mines Act prevented women and children from working underground.
C. The Supreme Court of the United States objected to a federal child labor law. ____ 43. In the 1700s, the process of enclosure tended to increase
D. The Supreme Court created social security to support retired workers. A. farming efficiency.
B. farmers' reliance on a single cash crop.
____ 34. What was a benefit of the railroad in Britain? C. the use of the broadcast method of seeding.
A. It encouraged people to emigrate to other countries. D. the amount of common land available for grazing.
B. It eliminated hundreds of thousands of jobs.
C. It displaced England's agricultural and fishing industries. ____ 44. What were the long-term effects of Marx and Engels's The Communist Manifesto?
D. It offered cheap transportation for materials and goods. A. Working classes worldwide demanded a "dictatorship of the proletariat."
B. Marx and Engels's predictions proved correct as economic forces alone ruled society.
____ 35. What impact did technological advances have on industry? C. In the 1900s, Marxism inspired revolutionaries such as Russia's Lenin.
A. Production of goods was increased. D. During 1848 and 1849 revolts shook Europe but were suppressed.
B. Quality of products was decreased.
C. Number of factory workers decreased. ____ 45. When the trade union movement began in Britain, the strike was an illegal action taken against
A. child laborers by factory owners. C. 20%.
B. union workers by factory owners. D. 35%.
C. factory owners by union workers.
D. non-union workers by union workers. ____ 9. Before the reform act of 1832, who were the only British citizens who could vote?
A. wealthy men
B. owners of large landholdings
C. members of the House of Lords
Chapter 26: The Age of Democracy D. members of the middle and upper classes
____ 10. What promise by Abraham Lincoln frightened Southern states into seceding?
____ 1. In the Gadsden Purchase, the United States purchased land from A. to stop the spread of slavery
A. Spain. B. to build factories in the South
B. France. C. to offer women the right to vote
C. Mexico. D. to create the Confederate States of America
D. Great Britain.
____ 11. The Chartist movement pressed for all of the following EXCEPT
____ 2. What policy or action led to the Trail of Tears? A. a secret ballot.
A. Texas annexation B. universal male suffrage.
B. Emancipation Proclamation C. universal woman suffrage.
C. Indian Removal Act of 1830 D. pay for members of Parliament.
D. building of the transcontinental railroad
____ 12. Americans used the term "manifest destiny" to justify
____ 3. What did The People's Charter of 1838 petition for? A. westward expansion.
A. suffrage for non-landowning men B. preserving the Union.
B. suffrage for men and women C. both sides of the slavery issue.
C. suffrage for all men and annual parliamentary elections D. government support for industrial expansion.
D. suffrage for women and annual parliamentary elections
____ 13. The British colony originally set up as a penal colony was
____ 4. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? A. Ulster.
A. guaranteed former slaves the right to vote B. Nunavut.
B. forever abolished slavery in all parts of the United States C. Australia.
C. declared all slaves in the Confederate states as free D. Upper Canada.
D. all of the above
____ 14. Parts of all of the following present-day states were included in the territory ceded by Mexico as a result of
____ 5. Why was the work of Louis Pasteur important in the history of medicine? the Mexican-American War EXCEPT
A. He published The Origin of Species. A. Texas.
B. He discovered radium and polonium. B. Arizona.
C. He found that bacteria caused diseases. C. California.
D. He created psychoanalysis. D. New Mexico.
____ 6. What does the phrase manifest destiny mean? ____ 15. To which country did the most Irish emigrants go during the Great Famine?
A. Native Americans should keep all their lands from coast to coast.
B. The American people had the right and the duty to rule North America from coast to coast. A. Canada
C. The British government should always have a say in U.S. foreign affairs, but not domestic.
D. The United States had the right to expand its territory to any continent. B. England
____ 7. Who was the American inventor and industrialist who made factory production more efficient by introducing C. Australia
the assembly line?
A. Thomas Edison D. the United States
B. Henry Ford
C. Marie Curie ____ 16. The term "manifest destiny" describes something that is both inevitable and
D. Orville Wright A. proper.
B. common to all.
____ 8. Before the passage of the Reform Bill of 1832, the percentage of the British population that had voting C. the will of God.
rights was about D. clearly apparent.
A. 5%.
B. 12%. ____ 17. The Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 affected the rights of Roman Catholics who lived in
A. Ireland. D. It meant that a country could not take part in international trade due to war.
B. Canada.
C. Australia. ____ 27. Why did Australia and New Zealand want to become dominions of Great Britain rather than independent
D. New Zealand. nations?
A. They were unable to defeat the native peoples.
____ 18. How was most of the territory west of Texas obtained by the United States? B. They wanted the protection of the British Empire.
A. Texas Annexation C. They needed help establishing a government.
B. Gadsen Purchase D. They wanted British convicts as laborers.
C. Louisiana Purchase
D. Mexican-American War ____ 28. The people known as the Maori are
A. inhabitants of the Arctic.
____ 19. How might the French government of the late 1800s and early 1900s be characterized? B. nomadic inhabitants of Australia.
A. harsh C. French speaking Roman Catholic Canadians.
B. radical D. a Polynesian people that settled in New Zealand.
C. unstable
D. idealistic ____ 29. During the early 1900s, was the British woman who formed the Women's Social and Political Union?
A. Emmeline Pankhurst
____ 20. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the rise of mass culture? B. Queen Victoria
A. the assembly line C. Sylvia Pankhurst
B. public education D. Marie Curie
C. increase in literacy
D. shorter work day ____ 30. What event provoked the secession of the Southern states from the United States?
A. attack on Fort Sumter
____ 21. The outbreak of the Civil War was a direct result of the B. election of Abraham Lincoln
A. election of Abraham Lincoln. C. issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation
B. secession of the Southern states. D. formation of the Confederate States of America
C. Confederate attack on Fort Sumter.
D. issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. ____ 31. What concept is the theory of evolution based on?
A. special creation
____ 22. The pogroms that took place in Russia were fueled by B. natural selection
A. Zionism. C. manifest destiny
B. anti-Semitism. D. power of the subconscious
C. anti-communism.
D. demands for voting rights. ____ 32. Which two lands did Captain Cook claim for Great Britain in 1770?
A. Ireland and Scotland
____ 23. What impact did the Civil War have on the postwar American economy? B. Canada and Nova Scotia
A. The economy sagged because of widespread deaths. C. Australia and New Zealand
B. The war caused massive railroad expansion. D. Hawaii and New Zealand
C. The economy suffered from mass emigration.
D. The war speeded up the pace of industrialization ____ 33. Why did Great Britain establish a penal colony in Australia?
A. to claim it before the Americans could
____ 24. Canada received the right to control its own domestic affairs when it B. to further their industrialization overseas
A. became a dominion. C. to have a trading colony close to Asia
B. became part of the British Empire. D. to relieve overcrowding in English prisons
C. was reunited as the Province of Canada.
D. persuaded frontier territories to join the Canadian union. ____ 34. The Trail of Tears was the forced westward migration of the Cherokee from Georgia to
A. Nevada.
____ 25. In 1836, Texas fought for its independence from B. Oklahoma.
A. Spain. C. Kansas.
B. France. D. Arizona.
C. Mexico.
D. the United States. ____ 35. The Reform Bill of 1832 lowered the property requirements for voting in order to give voting rights to
A. poor men.
____ 26. What did it mean to be a dominion? B. rural working class men.
A. It meant that a country pledged its allegiance to the Catholic Church. C. urban working class men.
B. It meant that a country was domestically self-governing but part of the British Empire. D. wealthy middle class men.
C. It meant that a country paid tariffs to another country for protection.
____ 36. Which of the following was true of women's fight for suffrage? B. selling military secrets.
A. The secret ballot came into use. C. cruelty toward his men.
B. Some women participated in hunger strikes. D. cowardice under enemy fire.
C. Women won the right to vote prior to WWI.
D. Women's suffrage began in France. ____ 46. Who were the Zionists?
A. founders of France's Third Republic
____ 37. How did California and much of the Southwest become part of the United States? B. supporters of the British Parliament
A. Texas annexation C. Jews who worked for a homeland in Palestine
B. Gadsen Purchase D. French journalists who opposed an army cover-up
C. Mexican Cession
D. Louisiana Purchase ____ 47. Most Protestants opposed the idea of home rule in
A. Ireland.
____ 38. Which of the following political reforms occurred in New Zealand in 1893? B. Canada.
A. secret ballot C. Australia.
B. woman suffrage D. New Zealand.
C. home rule
D. all of the above ____ 48. Which of the following influenced the formation of Upper and Lower Canada?
A. abolition of slavery in half of Canada
____ 39. The only country to allow women to vote before 1900 was B. a war between France and Britain
A. Britain. C. Native American land rights
B. Ireland. D. cultural conflicts between the British and French
C. Canada.
D. New Zealand. ____ 49. Which of the following reforms did NOT occur in Great Britain by the early 1900s?
A. The secret ballot came into use.
____ 40. What form of government did France adopt in 1875? B. Working-class men received voting rights.
A. monarchy C. Members of Parliament were paid a salary.
B. republic D. Annual elections to the House of Commons were held.
C. dictatorship
D. socialist state ____ 50. Queen Victoria was forced to
A. share power with Parliament.
____ 41. How did the democratic reforms in Great Britain change the government? B. preside over a shrinking empire.
A. Most adult males gained the right to vote by 1884. C. accept a less powerful role for the monarchy.
B. British monarchs became symbolic rulers with no political power. D. die without providing an heir to the throne.
C. Political power shifted greatly to the elected House of Commons.
D. All of the above are true. ____ 51. The first country to give full voting rights to women was
A. Ireland.
____ 42. The Great Famine was a time of widespread starvation in Ireland caused by the destruction of B. Canada.
A. cattle herds. C. Australia.
B. sheep herds. D. New Zealand.
C. wheat crops.
D. potato crops.
____ 43. What effect did the major inventions of the 19th-century have on people's lives in industrialized nations?
A. Life was made harder through increased demand for goods.
B. Car, telephone, and electricity helped ease ways of living.
C. Work days increased because of higher technological demands.
D. All of the above are true.
____ 44. What was Captain Alfred Dreyfus accused of in the Dreyfus affair?
A. Zionist activity
B. being anti-Semitic
C. covering up a scandal
D. selling military secrets
____ 45. Alfred Dreyfus was a French army officer who was unjustly accused of
A. disobeying orders.
Possible Vocabulary Terms
CH 23
CH 17 Old Regime National Convention
Renaissance Tennis Court Oath Marie Antoinette
vernacular
émigrés Louis XVIII
humanism
secular sans-culottes Louis XVI
utopia Maximilien Robespierre guillotine
indulgence Third Estate Continental System
Reformation
Protestant
theocracy Robert Boyle Thomas Hobbes
predestination Isaac Newton Jean Rousseau
Calvinism Galileo Galilei Joseph II
Presbyterian Nicolaus Copernicus Denis Diderot
Voltaire Frederick the Great
John Locke Catherine the Great
CH 19/20
Vasco da Gama
Prince Henry
colony
encomienda
conquistador
Pilgrims
Puritans
Triangular Trade
Columbian Exchange
capitalism
joint-stock company
mercantilism
CH 21
William Montaigne Peter the Great
James Stuart Louis XIV Oliver Cromwell
absolute monarch Cabinet system Constitutional monarchy
Charles I Louis XIV Cervantes
Eastern Orthdox Roman Catholicism Henry of Navarre