1st auth 1st auth 1st auth No. women
Abs. No. Page Type inst. origin inst. type gender No. authors authors
1 5 OV USA Univ M 2 1
2 5 OV India Univ M 2 0
3 6 OV New Zealand FAO M 2 0
4 6 OV Italy FAO M 2 0
5 9 OV USA NGO M 2 0
6 9 OV Costa Rica Univ M 2 0
7 10 OV Switzerland IUCN M 3 0
8 10 OV France CIRAD M 2 0
9 13 OV Kenya CGIAR M 9 1
10 13 RS Indonesia CGIAR M 1 0
11 14 OV USA Univ M 1 0
12 14 OV USA Univ F 2 1
13 17 OV Canada Univ M 2 0
14 17 OV Canada Univ M 1 0
15 18 OV USA Univ M 2 0
16 18 OV Canada Univ M 2 0
17 21 OV USA Univ M 1 0
18 21 OV USA Univ M 1 0
19 22 OV USA Univ M 1 0
20 22 RV Australia Univ M 1 0
21 23 RS Canada Gov F 3 1
22 27 RS Kenya CGIAR M 4 0
23 27 OV Australia CSIRO M 4 0
24 28 OV Kenya CGIAR F 2 1
25 28 OV Kenya CGIAR M 6 0
26 31 OV USA Gov M 1 0
27 31 OV China Gov M 1 0
28 32 OV USA NGO M 1 0
29 32 OV Sri Lanka CGIAR M 1 0
30 37 RS Cuba ? F 2 2
31 37 RS UK Univ M 1 0
32 38 RS Nigeria Univ M 2 0
33 38 RS Philippines Gov M 1 0
34 39 RV Australia Univ M 1 0
35 39 RS Bangladesh Univ M 3 0
36 40 RS Brazil Univ F 2 1
37 40 OV Ghana Univ M 2 1
38 41 OV Philippines Univ F 3 2
39 41 RS Benin Univ M 5 0
40 42 RV Nepal Gov M 2 0
41 42 OV Philippines NGO M 1 0
42 43 RS USA Univ M 2 0
43 43 OV Nepal NGO M 1 0
44 44 OV Nepal NGO M 2 0
45 44 OV India NGO M 2 0
46 45 OV Cameroon NGO M 1 0
47 45 OV Uganda Univ M 1 0
48 46 OV Philippines NGO M 3 2
49 46 OV Philippines Univ M 1 0
50 47 RS Panama Gov M 1 0
51 47 RS Kenya Univ F 2 1
52 48 OV Venezuela Univ M 1 0
53 48 RS Brazil Univ M 3 1
54 49 DS India ? M 2 0
55 49 RS Sri Lanka NGO M 1 0
56 50 RS Scotland Univ M 1 0
57 50 RS India Univ M 3 0
58 51 RS Philippines Univ F 1 1
59 51 RS Cameroon NGO M 1 0
60 52 DS South Africa NGO F 4 1
61 52 RS Cameroon Gov M 1 1
62 53 OV Philippines Univ M 2 0
63 53 RS USA Univ M 2 0
64 54 RS India Univ M 3 0
65 54 RS India Univ M 4 0
66 55 RS Philippines Univ F 1 1
67 55 DS India Univ M 2 0
68 56 RS India Univ M 4 0
69 56 OV Rwanda NGO M 1 0
70 57 RS Sweden Univ F 14 3
71 57 RV Cuba Gov M 6 2
72 58 RS Malaysia Univ M 3 0
73 58 RS India Univ M 1 0
74 59 RS India Univ M 1 0
75 59 OV Ethiopia Gov M 1 0
76 60 OV Malaysia Gov M 4 0
77 60 RS USA Univ M 2 0
78 61 DS Turkey NGO M 1 0
79 61 DS Mali CGIAR M 4 0
80 62 RS Malawi Univ M 6 1
81 62 RV Cameroon CGIAR M 4 0
82 63 OV Bangladesh Gov M 1 0
83 63 RS India Univ M 3 0
84 64 RS India Univ M 5 0
85 64 OV Kenya CGIAR F 2 1
86 65 RS India Univ M 1 0
87 65 RS India Univ M 2 0
88 66 OV Zimbabwe CGIAR M 4 0
89 66 RS Canada Univ M 4 0
90 67 RS Mali CGIAR F 3 1
91 67 RV France NGO M 4 1
92 68 RS Philippines Univ F 3 1
93 68 RS Philippines Univ F 4 2
94 69 RS India Univ M 2 0
95 69 Austria
Advertisement Company M 1 0
96 70 OV Nigeria Univ M 1 0
97 70 OV Nigeria Univ M 1 0
98 71 RS USA Gov M 2 1
99 71 OV Bangladesh Gov M 1 0
100 72 OV Brazil Univ M 4 0
101 72 OV India Univ M 1 0
102 73 OV USA Univ M 2 0
103 73 RS Kenya Univ M 2 1
104 74 RS India Univ M 1 0
105 74 RS Japan Univ M 3 0
106 75 RS Botswana Univ M 3 0
107 75 OV Cameroon NGO M 1 0
108 76 OV Cameroon CGIAR F 2 2
109 76 OV China Univ M 2 0
110 77 RS Cameroon CGIAR M 2 0
111 77 OV Cuba Gov M 2 1
112 78 RS Japan Gov M 1 0
113 78 OV Chile Univ M 2 0
114 79 OV USA Univ M 1 0
115 79 OV Philippines Univ M 1 0
116 80 OV Philippines Univ M 1 1
117 80 RV USA NGO M 3 1
118 81 RV USA NGO M 3 1
119 81 OV USA Univ M 1 0
120 82 RS Kenya CGIAR M 4 2
121 82 OV Nigeria Univ M 3 0
122 83 OV Bangladesh Gov M 1 0
123 83 OV Bangladesh Univ M 2 0
124 84 RS India Company M 7 0
125 84 OV Philippines Univ M 2 0
126 85 OV Panama Gov M 2 0
127 85 OV Philippines Gov M 3 0
128 86 RS Malaysia Univ M 3 0
129 86 RS Bangladesh Univ M 2 0
130 87 RS Philippines Univ M 1 0
131 87 RS Senegal CGIAR M 2 0
132 88 OV India Univ M 1 0
133 88 RS Canada Univ F 4 1
134 89 OV India Gov M 1 0
135 89 OV Uganda NGO M 2 0
136 90 OV India NGO M 1 0
137 90 RS USA Univ M 3 0
138 91 OV India NGO M 2 0
139 91 RS USA Univ F 2 1
140 92 OV Philippines Gov F 3 2
141 92 OV India NGO M 1 0
142 93 RS India NGO M 1 0
143 93 OV Indonesia Gov M 1 0
144 94 RV India Univ M 1 0
145 94 OV India Company M 1 0
146 95 OV Mexico Gov M 4 1
147 95 RS India Univ M 4 1
148 96 OV Samoa Univ M 2 0
149 96 RS Brazil Gov M 2 0
150 97 OV Italy FAO F 4 2
151 97 OV China Gov M 4 0
152 98 OV Canada NGO M 2 1
153 98 RS USA Univ F 3 2
154 99 RS Rwanda CGIAR M 4 0
155 99 RS USA Univ M 2 0
156 103 RS India NGO M 2 0
157 103 RS Nepal Gov M 1 0
158 104 RS Bangladesh NGO M 1 0
159 104 RS Algeria Univ M 3 0
160 105 RV Malawi CGIAR M 1 0
161 105 OV Kenya Univ M 1 0
162 106 OV Philippines Univ F 1 1
163 106 RS India NGO M 4 1
164 107 OV Honduras CGIAR M 10 0
165 107 OV Belize NGO F 1 1
166 108 RS USA Univ M 4 1
167 108 RS USA Univ F 2 1
168 109 RS Brazil Gov F 2 1
169 109 RV India Univ M 1 0
170 110 OV India Univ M 5 0
171 110 RS USA Univ M 3 0
172 111 RS USA Univ F 5 1
173 111 RS UK Univ M 6 2
174 112 RS Philippines Univ M 1 0
175 112 RS Philippines Univ M 2 0
176 113 RS Costa Rica Univ M 2 1
177 113 RS France Gov M 4 0
178 114 RS Zimbabwe Univ F 2 1
179 114 RS Sri Lanka Univ M 3 0
180 115 RS USA Univ M 3 0
181 115 RS Nepal NGO M 2 0
182 116 OV USA NGO M 2 1
183 116 RS Uzbekistan Univ M 3 0
184 117 OV DR Congo NGO M 1 0
185 117 RS Brazil Univ M 2 0
186 118 RS USA Univ F 4 2
187 118 OV India Gov M 4 0
188 119 RS India Gov M 4 0
189 119 RS India Univ M 3 0
190 120 RS UK Univ F 11 2
191 120 RS Mexico Univ M 4 0
192 121 OV France Univ F 1 1
193 121 OV India Gov M 2 0
194 122 RS India Univ M 3 0
195 122 OV India Gov F 1 1
196 123 RS Malaysia Gov M 6 0
197 123 OV USA NGO M 1 0
198 124 RV Costa Rica Univ F 3 1
199 124 OV Indonesia Univ M 1 0
200 125 OV Indonesia Univ M 1 0
201 125 OV USA Company M 3 0
202 126 RS Panama NGO M 7 0
203 126 RS UK Univ F 1 1
204 127 RS Bangladesh Univ M 2 0
205 127 RS UK Univ M 1 0
206 128 RS India Gov M 2 0
207 128 RS USA Univ M 1 0
208 129 RS USA Univ M 4 0
209 129 RS Algeria Univ F 1 1
210 130 RS Germany Univ F 2 2
211 130 RS India Univ M 2 0
212 131 RS India Univ M 3 0
213 131 RS Costa Rica Univ M 2 0
214 132 RS Zambia CGIAR M 6 0
215 132 DS Iran Univ M 1 0
216 133 RS Switzerland Gov M 4 2
217 133 RS Bangladesh Univ M 2 0
218 134 OV Bangladesh Univ M 2 0
219 134 RV Bangladesh Univ M 1 0
220 135 OV Brazil NGO M 2 0
221 135 RS USA Univ F 3 1
222 136 OV Kenya NGO M 1 0
223 136 RS Kenya Univ M 2 1
224 137 RS Botswana Univ M 4 0
225 137 RS India NGO M 5 0
226 138 RS Mali CGIAR M 11 3
227 138 RS USA Univ F 2 1
228 139 RS Australia Univ M 2 0
229 139 RS Mexico Univ M 2 0
230 140 OV Cameroon NGO F 1 1
231 140 RS Ghana Univ M 2 0
232 141 RS Univ
US Virgin Islands M 3 0
233 141 RS India Univ M 5 0
234 142 RS India Gov M 2 0
235 142 RS Nicaragua Univ M 7 2
236 143 RS Philippines Univ M 5 1
237 143 OV Bangladesh Univ M 1 0
238 144 OV USA Univ M 2 0
239 144 RS USA NGO F 4 1
240 145 RS Senegal CGIAR M 3 1
241 145 RS Brazil Univ M 5 1
242 146 OV India Gov M 4 0
243 146 OV Nepal NGO M 2 1
244 147 RS Japan Univ M 2 0
245 147 RS Zambia CGIAR M 4 0
246 148 OV India Univ M 1 0
247 148 RV India Gov M 3 0
248 149 RS India Univ F 1 1
249 149 OV India Univ M 2 0
250 150 RS Algeria Univ F 1 1
251 150 OV Philippines Univ M 1 0
252 151 RS India Univ M 4 0
253 151 RV USA Univ M 4 0
254 152 RS India Univ M 1 0
255 152 OV USA Company M 1 0
256 153 RS India Univ M 2 0
257 153 OV France CGIAR M 2 0
258 154 RS India Univ M 1 0
259 154 RS Belgium Univ M 2 0
260 155 RS Indonesia CGIAR M 3 1
261 155 RS India Gov M 4 0
262 156 RS Austria Univ M 2 0
263 156 OV Ecuador NGO M 2 0
264 157 OV USA Univ F 2 1
265 161 RS Canada Univ M 3 0
266 161 RV UK Univ M 3 0
267 162 RS India Gov M 5 0
268 162 RS Peru CGIAR M 3 0
269 163 OV USA Univ M 1 0
270 163 RV USA Univ M 2 1
271 164 RS USA Univ M 4 1
272 164 RS Colombia CGIAR F 2 1
273 165 RS Brazil Univ M 6 0
274 165 RS France Gov M 5 2
275 166 RS Norway Univ M 4 2
276 166 RS USA Gov M 9 0
277 167 RS USA Univ F 5 3
278 167 RS India Univ M 3 0
279 168 RS Burkina Faso Univ M 5 1
280 168 RS USA Univ M 2 0
281 169 OV USA Gov M 3 1
282 169 OV Italy Gov M 1 0
283 170 RS Sri Lanka CGIAR F 2 1
284 170 RS UK Univ M 3 2
285 171 RS USA Gov M 2 0
286 171 RS USA Gov M 1 0
287 172 OV Mexico Gov M 1 0
288 172 OV Italy Gov M 4 1
289 173 RS USA Univ F 2 1
290 173 RS Zambia CGIAR M 3 0
291 174 RS Romania Gov M 2 0
292 174 RS Brazil Univ F 3 1
293 175 RS Sri Lanka Univ M 2 0
294 175 RS Sri Lanka Univ M 2 0
295 176 RS Brazil Univ F 7 2
296 176 RS USA Univ F 5 1
297 177 RS France Gov M 7 2
298 177 RS France Gov M 5 0
299 178 RS Senegal Gov M 3 0
300 178 RS USA Gov M 3 0
301 179 RS Australia Univ F 2 1
302 179 RV Guinea NGO M 2 0
303 180 RS India Gov M 1 0
304 180 RS India Univ M 2 0
305 181 RS Germany Univ M 3 0
306 181 RS USA Univ M 2 0
307 182 RS Costa Rica NGO M 5 0
308 182 RS Costa Rica NGO M 5 1
309 183 RS Australia Gov M 2 0
310 183 RS Australia Gov M 2 0
311 184 RV Zimbabwe NGO F 3 3
312 184 RS Germany Univ M 3 1
313 185 RS Canada Univ M 4 0
314 185 RS USA Univ M 5 1
315 186 RS Senegal Gov F 1 0
316 186 RS USA Univ M 4 1
317 187 RS India Univ M 3 1
318 187 RS Canada Univ F 10 3
319 188 RS Mexico Univ M 3 1
320 188 RS France Gov F 5 2
321 189 RS Philippines Univ M 2 1
322 189 RV Gov
United Kingdom M 14 0
323 190 RV USA Univ M 2 0
324 190 RS France Gov F 5 2
325 191 RS France Gov F 5 3
326 191 RS USA Univ F 1 0
327 192 RV Switzerland Univ M 5 0
328 192 OV Australia Company F 1 0
329 193 RS Malawi Gov M 4 0
330 193 RS Brazil Gov M 3 0
331 194 RS Brazil Gov M 4 0
332 194 RS USA Univ F 6 1
333 195 RS Zimbabwe Univ M 2 0
334 195 RS Zimbabwe Univ M 4 0
335 196 RS Mexico Univ M 6 0
336 196 RS Canada Univ F 5 2
337 197 OV Philippines Univ F 4 3
338 197 RS Switzerland Gov M 10 2
339 198 OV USA NGO F 1 0
340 198 RS USA Gov F 5 1
341 199 RS Philippines Univ M 2 1
342 199 RV USA Univ M 2 0
343 200 OV USA Univ M 2 0
344 200 RS Philippines Univ F 2 1
345 201 RV India Univ M 1 0
346 201 RS India Univ M 3 0
347 202 RS Canada Univ M 2 0
348 202 RS USA Univ M 3 0
349 203 RS Switzerland Gov F 2 1
350 203 RS Canada Gov M 3 0
351 204 RS Brazil Univ M 5 1
352 204 RS Brazil Univ M 4 1
353 205 RS Poland Gov M 2 0
354 205 RS Senegal Gov M 3 0
355 206 RS Senegal Gov M 3 0
356 206 RS Brazil Gov F 2 1
357 207 OV India Gov F 1 0
358 207 RS USA Gov M 13 1
359 208 OV Iran Univ M 2 0
360 208 RS Sudan Gov M 2 0
361 209 RV India Gov F 1 0
362 209 RS Guatemala Gov M 5 0
363 210 OV Bulgaria Univ M 4 0
364 210 RS Malaysia Univ M 1 0
365 211 RS India Univ M 5 0
366 211 RS India Univ M 2 0
367 212 RS Japan Univ F 2 1
368 212 RS Ukraine Gov F 1 0
369 213 RS USA Gov M 4 1
370 213 RS Brazil Univ M 3 0
371 214 RS USA Univ M 3 0
372 214 RS France Gov M 6 1
373 215 RS Netherlands Univ M 7 0
374 215 RV Kenya NGO F 6 2
375 216 RS Germany Univ M 5 1
376 216 RS USA Univ M 2 0
377 217 RS USA Univ M 2 0
378 217 RS USA Univ M 2 0
379 218 RS Rwanda NGO M 4 0
380 218 RS Ukraine Gov M 2 1
381 219 RS Ukraine Gov M 1 0
382 223 RV Australia Gov M 3 0
383 223 RS Ghana Univ M 3 1
384 224 RS Zambia NGO M 3 0
385 224 OV Brazil NGO M 2 1
386 225 OV Philippines Univ F 7 6
387 225 RS Ghana Univ M 2 0
388 226 RS Brazil Company F 3 1
389 226 RS Brazil Univ M 7 0
390 227 DS Germany Univ F 1 0
391 227 RS Brazil NGO M 1 0
392 228 DS Senegal NGO F 1 0
393 228 RS USA Gov M 2 0
394 229 RS USA Univ M 1 0
395 229 RS Philippines Univ F 5 1
396 230 RS Philippines Univ F 1 0
397 230 RS Philippines Univ F 1 0
398 231 RS Philippines Univ, NGO F 2 1
399 231 RV India Univ F 1 0
400 232 RV India Gov M 1 0
401 232 RS Tunisia NGO M 2 0
402 233 RS Germany Univ M 2 0
403 233 RS Nepal Gov M 1 0
404 234 RS Philippines Univ F 3 1
405 234 RS France Gov M 2 0
406 235 OV India Gov M 2 0
407 235 DS Nepal Company M 2 0
408 236 OV Costa Rica NGO M 2 0
409 236 RV Philippines Gov M 2 0
410 237 RV Cuba NGO F 2 1
411 237 OV Sweden Univ M 1 0
412 238 RS Costa Rica Univ M 5 0
413 238 OV Kenya NGO M 4 0
414 239 OV Japan Gov M 2 1
415 239 OV Ecuador NGO M 1 0
416 240 RS Venezuela Univ M 2 0
417 240 RS Spain Univ M 2 0
418 241 RS United KingdomUniv M 5 0
419 241 RS United KingdomUniv M 10 4
420 242 RS United KingdomUniv M 4 0
421 242 RS India Company M 1 0
422 243 RS India Gov M 2 0
423 243 OV India Gov M 1 0
424 244 RS Nicaragua Gov M 1 0
425 244 OV India Company M 1 0
426 245 RV Japan Univ M 1 0
427 245 RS Cuba Gov M 3 0
428 246 RV Germany Univ M 2 0
429 246 OV Bangladesh Company M 1 0
430 247 RS USA Univ M 2 0
431 247 RV Colombia Univ M 1 0
432 248 OV Colombia Univ M 1 0
433 248 OV Namibia Gov M 3 0
434 249 RS USA Univ M 1 0
435 249 RS USA Univ M 3 0
436 250 RS Nepal Univ M 2 0
437 250 RS Kuwait Gov F 3 2
438 251 OV India Gov M 1 0
439 251 RS Kenya Univ M 1 0
440 252 RS Ukraine Gov M 1 0
441 252 RS India Univ F 2 1
442 253 OV India Gov M 1 0
443 253 OV India Gov M 1 0
444 254 RS Zambia CGIAR M 2 0
445 254 OV Cameroon Gov F 10 3
446 255 OV Zambia NGO M 2 0
447 255 OV Chile Gov F 2 0
448 256 OV Zambia CGIAR M 4 0
449 256 RS Zambia CGIAR M 3 0
450 257 RS USA Univ M 3 0
451 257 RS USA Univ M 2 0
452 258 RS India Company M 1 0
453 258 RS Costa Rica CGIAR M 4 0
454 259 DS India Univ M 1 0
455 259 OV Univ
Marshall Island M 3 0
456 260 OV USA Univ F 3 2
457 260 DS Germany Univ M 3 0
458 261 OV Congo NGO M 1 0
459 261 OV South Africa NGO M 1 0
460 262 RS Cameroon NGO F 3 1
461 262 OV Cameroon NGO M 1 0
462 263 OV Australia Univ M 2 0
463 263 RS Congo Univ M 0 0
464 264 RS Philippines Univ F 0 0
465 264 RS Nigeria Univ F 3 0
466 265 OV Gabon Univ M 2 0
467 265 RS Canada Univ M 1 0
468 266 RS Nigeria Univ M 3 0
469 266 RS Nigeria CGIAR M 4 0
470 267 RS Cameroon NGO M 2 0
471 267 OV Netherlands Univ M 1 0
472 268 OV Brazil NGO M 4 1
473 268 RV Kenya CGIAR M 3 1
474 269 RV Kenya CGIAR M 1 0
475 269 RV Sri Lanka Univ F 3 3
476 270 RS Philippines Univ M 4 2
477 270 RS Philippines Univ M 2 1
478 271 RS Thailand Gov M 2 0
479 271 OV USA Univ M 2 0
480 272 OV USA Univ M 2 0
481 272 OV USA Univ M 2 0
482 273 RS India Univ M 1 0
483 273 RS India NGO M 2 0
484 274 DS USA Univ M 1 0
485 274 OV India Gov M 3 0
486 275 OV Univ
Marshall Island F 2 2
487 275 OV India Univ M 3 0
488 276 RS Philippines Univ M 5 3
489 276 RS India NGO M 5 0
490 277 OV Australia Univ M 1 0
491 277 RS Malaysia Univ M 4 0
492 278 OV India Company F 1 1
493 278 OV Gambia Gov M 3 0
494 279 RS Venezuela Gov F 3 1
495 279 OV Philippines Univ F 1 1
496 280 RS Philippines Univ F 1 1
497 280 DS USA Univ M 2 0
498 281 OV Nepal Gov M 1 0
499 281 OV United KingdomNGO M 1 0
500 282 OV United KingdomUniv M 2 0
501 282 RV India NGO M 3 0
502 283 OV India Gov M 1 0
503 283 OV Cameroon NGO M 3 0
504 284 OV Mexico Univ F 4 1
505 284 DS Australia Company F 2 1
506 285 RS USA Gov M 6 0
507 285 RS India Gov M 2 0
508 286 OV Univ
Marshall Island F 2 0
509 286 DS Lao PDR Univ M 4 0
510 287 RS Kenya Gov M 3 0
511 287 RS Australia Univ M 2 0
512 288 RS Japan Gov M 2 0
513 288 RS Rwanda Gov M 4 0
514 289 OV China Gov M 4 0
515 289 RS USA Univ M 3 1
516 290 OV Bolivia Gov F 6 1
517 293 DS Nigeria NGO M 5 0
518 293 RS Zambia CGIAR M 4 0
519 294 DS India Univ M 2 0
520 294 DS Kenya Univ M 3 1
521 295 OV USA Univ M 1 0
522 295 OV Philippines Gov M 1 0
523 296 RS Brazil NGO F 2 1
524 296 RS Brazil NGO F 4 1
525 297 OV Tunisia Gov F 2 1
526 297 OV USA Univ M 1 0
527 298 OV Philippines Univ F 2 2
528 298 OV Univ
United Kingdom M 3 0
529 299 OV Canada Univ F 1 1
530 299 RS Zimbabwe Univ M 3 0
531 300 RS Zambia CGIAR M 4 0
532 300 RS Zambia CGIAR M 3 0
533 301 RS Zambia CGIAR M 3 0
534 301 RS Brazil Univ M 6 0
535 302 DS Univ
United Kingdom M 3 0
536 302 RS India Univ M 5 0
537 303 DS Senegal Gov F 3 1
538 303 OV USA Univ M 3 0
539 304 RS Nigeria CGIAR M 4 0
540 304 RS USA Univ M 3 0
541 305 DS Cameroon NGO M 1 0
542 305 RS Mexico Univ F 6 4
543 306 RS USA NGO M 4 0
544 306 RS India Gov M 6 0
545 307 RS India Univ M 1 0
546 307 RS Ukraine Gov M 2 0
547 308 DS India Gov M 2 0
548 308 OV USA Univ M 1 0
549 309 OV Kenya CGIAR M 2 0
550 309 OV India Company M 1 0
551 310 RS Univ
United Kingdom M 4 1
552 310 RS Nigeria Gov M 4 0
553 311 RS USA Univ M 4 0
554 311 OV USA Univ M 1 0
555 312 RS Kenya CGIAR M 4 0
556 312 OV India Univ M 1 0
557 313 RS India Gov M 3 0
558 313 OV India NGO M 2 0
559 314 OV Kenya Univ M 2 0
560 314 RS France Gov F 5 1
561 315 OV Philippines Univ F 2 2
562 315 RS Philippines Univ F 2 2
563 316 OV Thailand NGO M 1 0
564 316 RS India Gov M 4 0
565 317 OV USA NGO M 1 0
566 317 RS USA Univ M 5 0
567 318 OV Bangladesh Univ M 3 0
568 318 RV Bangladesh Univ M 3 0
569 319 RS Kenya NGO F 4 1
570 319 RS Zimbabwe Company M 4 0
571 320 RS Kenya Univ F 6 4
572 320 RS Botswana Univ F 3 1
573 321 RS Brazil Univ M 2 0
574 321 OV Australia Univ M 2 0
575 322 RS Tanzania Gov M 3 0
576 322 RS Zimbabwe Univ M 4 0
577 323 DS Uganda Univ M 3 0
578 323 RS Nigeria Univ M 2 1
579 324 RS Nigeria Univ M 4 0
580 324 RV Sudan Univ M 2 0
581 325 RS Kenya NGO M 1 0
582 325 OV USA Univ M 5 0
583 326 RS Mexico Univ M 4 0
584 326 OV Nigeria Univ M 2 0
585 327 RV New Zealand NGO M 3 0
586 327 OV Philippines Univ M 2 0
587 328 OV Kenya NGO M 3 1
588 328 OV Philippines Univ M 2 1
589 329 RS India Gov M 2 0
590 329 RS USA Univ M 2 0
591 330 OV Australia Univ M 1 0
592 330 OV Australia Univ M 2 0
593 331 RS South Africa Univ M 3 0
594 331 RS Mexico Univ F 3 1
595 332 RS Mexico Univ F 4 1
596 332 RS Univ
United Kingdom M 3 0
597 333 OV Senegal Gov M 2 0
598 333 OV India NGO F 1 1
599 334 OV India Gov M 1 0
600 334 RS India Gov M 4 0
601 335 RS India Univ M 1 0
602 335 RV USA Univ M 1 0
603 336 RS India Gov M 6 0
604 336 OV Kenya Gov F 1 1
605 337 OV Kenya CGIAR M 2 0
606 337 OV Univ
United Kingdom M 1 0
607 338 OV USA Univ F 3 2
608 338 OV Cameroon NGO F 1 1
609 339 OV Ethiopia Gov M 2 0
610 339 RS Mexico NGO F 1 1
611 340 OV India Univ M 1 0
612 340 OV India Univ M 1 0
613 341 RS India Univ M 1 0
614 341 OV India Univ M 3 0
615 342 OV Philippines Univ M 3 2
616 342 OV Ecuador NGO M 1 0
617 343 RS USA Univ M 2 0
618 343 RS Ethiopia Gov M 3 0
619 344 DS Niger Univ M 6 0
620 344 RS Cameroon NGO M 2 0
621 347 RS Kenya CGIAR M 13 3
622 347 RS USA Univ F 2 1
623 348 OV Kenya CGIAR M 3 0
624 348 RS Italy Univ M 3 0
625 349 RS Italy Univ M 3 0
626 349 RS India Univ M 2 0
627 350 OV India Univ M 2 0
628 350 OV Kenya CGIAR F 6 5
629 351 RS Australia Gov M 4 0
630 351 RS USA Univ M 8 0
631 352 RS Nepal NGO M 2 0
632 352 DS Australia Gov M 3 0
633 353 RS Canada Univ M 3 1
634 353 RS Tunisia Gov F 3 2
635 354 RS USA Univ M 6 4
636 354 RS USA Univ M 3 0
637 355 RV USA Univ M 3 1
638 355 RV USA Univ M 3 1
639 356 OV Philippines Univ F 1 1
640 356 OV Philippines Univ F 2 1
641 357 RS Philippines Univ F 1 1
642 357 DS Philippines Univ M 3 0
643 358 RS Kenya CGIAR M 2 0
644 358 RS India Gov M 5 0
645 359 RS Brazil Gov M 9 1
646 359 RS USA Univ M 1 0
647 360 RV USA Univ M 2 1
648 360 RS USA Univ M 4 0
649 361 RS Nepal Gov F 5 1
650 361 RS India Univ M 2 0
651 362 RS Venezuela Univ F 2 2
652 362 RS South Africa Gov F 3 2
653 363 RS Uzbekistan Univ F 3 1
654 363 RS USA Company M 1 0
655 364 RS Iran Univ M 1 0
656 364 RS South Africa Univ M 3 0
657 365 RS South Africa Univ M 3 0
658 365 DS Univ
Benin Republic M 2 0
659 366 RS India Univ M 3 0
660 366 RS Mexico Univ M 5 0
661 367 RS Mexico Univ M 5 0
662 367 RS Philippines Univ F 6 4
663 368 RS Nicaragua CGIAR M 3 2
664 368 RS India Gov M 3 0
665 369 RS Costa Rica Gov F 16 3
666 369 RS Costa Rica Gov F 9 3
667 370 RV New Zealand NGO M 1 0
668 370 OV Indonesia Univ M 1 0
669 371 RS Bangladesh Univ M 2 0
670 371 RS Bangladesh Univ M 2 1
671 372 RS Costa Rica Gov M 8 3
672 372 OV Costa Rica Gov M 6 1
673 373 DS Mexico Univ M 4 1
674 373 OV Japan Univ M 2 1
675 374 OV India Gov M 2 0
676 374 RS India Gov M 2 0
677 375 RS India Univ M 4 0
678 375 OV India Univ M 3 0
679 376 OV Univ
United Kingdom M 4 1
680 376 RS France Gov F 3 1
681 377 RS Brazil NGO M 4 0
682 377 RS Brazil NGO M 5 0
683 378 RS USA Univ M 4 0
684 378 DS Australia Univ M 1 1
685 379 DS Philippines Univ F 2 1
686 379 OV USA Univ M 9 0
687 380 OV Brazil Univ M 2 0
688 380 OV Costa Rica NGO M 2 0
689 381 RS Venezuela Univ M 2 0
690 381 RS Venezuela Univ M 2 0
691 382 RS Kenya Univ F 3 1
692 382 DS Uganda Univ F 1 1
693 383 DS Germany Univ M 3 0
694 383 RS Cameroon CGIAR M 3 0
695 384 OV Costa Rica NGO M 1 0
696 384 OV South Africa NGO M 1 0
697 385 RS Cameroon Gov M 4 0
698 385 RS Cameroon Gov M 5 0
699 386 RS USA Univ M 2 0
700 386 RS USA Univ M 5 3
701 387 RS Burkina Faso NGO M 5 2
702 387 RS Nigeria Univ M 2 0
703 388 OV Pakistan NGO F 1 1
704 388 RS USA Univ M 1 0
705 389 OV France Gov M 1 0
706 389 RS Argentina Univ M 3 0
707 390 RS Argentina Univ M 5 0
708 390 RS Argentina Univ M 4 0
709 391 RS Philippines Univ M 1 0
710 391 DS India Gov M 9 0
711 392 OV India Univ M 2 0
712 392 DS Sri Lanka Univ M 3 0
713 393 DS Sri Lanka Univ M 1 0
714 393 OV USA NGO M 2 0
715 394 OV Australia NGO F 1 1
716 394 OV Australia NGO F 1 1
717 395 OV Guatemala Univ M 1 0
718 395 RS Indonesia CGIAR M 2 0
719 396 OV Malaysia Univ M 2 0
720 396 RS Philippines NGO F 1 1
721 397 RS Venezuela Univ F 2 1
722 397 DS NGO
United Kingdom F 5 2
723 398 RS India Gov M 2 0
724 398 RS India Univ M 1 0
725 399 RS Brazil Univ F 4 3
726 399 RS India Univ M 3 0
727 400 OV India NGO M 4 0
728 400 RS Cameroon CGIAR M 7 0
729 401 RS India NGO M 2 0
730 401 RS Australia Gov M 2 0
731 402 RS India Gov M 3 0
732 402 RS Japan Univ F 3 1
733 403 RS Australia Gov M 7 0
734 403 OV Kenya CGIAR M 10 0
735 404 RS Thailand Univ F 3 2
736 404 RS India Univ M 1 0
737 405 RS India Univ M 3 0
738 405 OV Turkey Univ M 3 0
739 406 OV USA NGO M 2 1
740 406 OV Peru CGIAR M 1 0
741 407 RS Canada Univ M 8 1
742 407 RS USA Univ M 3 1
743 408 RS USA Univ M 2 0
744 408 RS USA Univ F 3 1
745 409 RS Ethiopia Gov M 4 0
746 409 RS China Univ M 4 0
747 410* RS Zambia CGIAR M 3 0
*abstract inadvertently left out from the book
Country/region Subject
of interest Eco-region category
LAC na Food security
Asia na Food security
Dev. Countries na Food security
Africa arid & semi-arid Food security
na tropics Biodiversity
na tropics Biodiversity
Africa arid & semi-arid Biodiversity
Burkina Faso sub-humid Biodiversity
na tropics C-sequestration
na na C-sequestration
na tropical forests C-sequestration
na na C-sequestration
North America temperate Ecological basis of N. Am. AF
North America temperate Ecological basis of N. Am. AF
North America temperate Ecological basis of N. Am. AF
North America temperate Ecological basis of N. Am. AF
North America temperate Technology transfer
North America temperate Technology transfer
North America temperate Technology transfer
Australia na Technology transfer
Canada temperate Technology transfer
Kenya, Zambia, Philippines tropics Trees and markets
na na Trees and markets
Dev. Countries na Trees and markets
Dev. Countries na Trees and markets
na na Water issues
China temperate Water issues
USA temperate Water issues
Dev. Countries na Water issues
Cuba tropics Silvopasture
Guatemala tropics Traditional knowledge
Nigeria humid tropics Adoption
Philippines humid tropics Traditional knowledge
South Africa tropics HIV/AIDS
Bangladesh humid tropics Rural livelihood
Brazil tropics Rural livelihood
Ghana humid tropics Land degradation
Philippines upland tropics Traditional knowledge
Benin tropics Traditional knowledge
Nepal upland tropics Biophysical interactions
Philippines upland tropics Development
Guatemala upland tropics Rural livelihood
Nepal upland tropics Development
Nepal upland tropics Biodiversity
India tropics Development
Cameroon tropics Development
Uganda tropics Development
Philippines tropics Development
Philippines tropics Development
Panama tropics Extension
Kenya tropics Rural livelihood
Venezuela tropics Research
Brazil tropics, savannah Food security
India upland tropics Rural livelihood
Sri Lanka humid tropics NTFP
Nepal upland tropics Rural livelihood
India tropics Food security
Philippines upland tropics Rural livelihood
Cameroon humid tropics Rural livelihood
South Africa tropics Development
Cameroon tropics Biodiversity
na na Development
USA subtropics Silvopasture
India tropics Extension
India tropics Trees and markets
Philippines tropics Adoption
India upland semi-arid tropics Trees on farm
India upland semi-arid tropics Forest conservation
Rwanda tropics Trees on farm
Viet Nam upland humid tropics Watershed management
Cuba tropics Silvopasture
Bangladesh tropics Adoption
India tropics Land degradation
India upland tropics Social forestry
Ethiopia tropics Rural livelihood
Malaysia tropics Development
Cape Verde tropics Adoption
Turkey Mediterranean Community forestry
Mali tropics, savannah Trees on farm
Miombo woodlands tropics, savannah HIV/AIDS
West and Central Africa tropics NTFP
Bangladesh tropics Social forestry
India tropics NTFP
India tropics Alley cropping
Kenya tropics Adoption
India tropics Shelterbelts
India tropics Tree-crop interaction
Southern Africa tropics HIV/AIDS
Senegal tropics NTFP
Mali tropics Live fences
France temperate Policy
Philippines upland tropics Adoption
Philippines upland tropics Food security
India tropics Adoption
Europe temperate Economics
Nigeria tropics Fodder bank
Nigeria tropics Adoption
Mexico na Adoption
Bangladesh tropics Economics
Brazil tropics Extension
India tropics Gender
Haiti tropics Development
Kenya tropics Rural livelihood
India tropics Rural livelihood
Bangladesh tropics Traditional knowledge
Tanzania tropics Alley cropping
Cameroon humid tropics Policy
Cameroon humid tropics Fallow management
China humid mountain subtropics Rural livelihood
Cameroon humid tropics Adoption
Cuba tropics Food security
Nigeria tropics Adoption
cool Chile
Northern Ireland, Falkland Islands, temperate Rural livelihood
USA warm temperate Silvopasture
Philippines coastal tropics Aquaculture
Philippines tropics Adoption
na na Statistical methods
na na Adoption
Ecuador tropics Development
Kenya tropics Food security
Nigeria tropics Tree nurseries
Bangladesh tropics Rural livelihood
Bangladesh tropics Rural livelihood
India tropics Adoption
Philippines tropics Extension
Panama tropics Watershed management
Philippines tropics Rural livelihood
Yemen upland tropics Economics
Bangladesh tropics Economics
Philippines tropics Alley cropping
Senegal, Mali tropics Adoption
India tropics Adoption
Mali arid & semi-arid Adoption
India upland tropics Food security
Uganda tropics Food security
India tropics Wood supply
USA temperate Adoption
India tropics Policy
USA temperate Adoption
Philippines tropics Policy
India upland tropics Forest farming
India upland tropics Alley cropping
Indonesia tropics Adoption
India tropics AF system research
Asia, Pacific, Africa tropics Sustainable land use
Mexico arid & semi-arid Desertification
India tropics Trees on farm
Pacific islands tropics Adoption
Brazil tropics AF system design
Developing countries na HIV/AIDS
China temperate AF system description
Canada temperate, boreal Trees on farm
USA temperate, subtropical Extension
Rwanda tropics Rural livelihood
USA temperate Extension
India tropics Biodiversity
Nepal upland tropics Biodiversity
Bangladesh tropics AF system research
Algeria arid & semi-arid Biophysical research
Developing countries tropics Homegardens
East Africa tropics Sustainable land use
Philippines tropics Protected area management
India tropics AF system research
Honduras tropics AF system description
Belize tropics Project description
US Virgin Islands tropics AF system research
Costa Rica tropics Biodiversity
Brazil tropics Homegardens
India tropics Biodiversity
India tropics Urban waste management
USA temperate Biophysical research
USA temperate Biophysical research
UK temperate Biophysical research
Philippines tropics Biodiversity
Philippines tropics Biodiversity
Costa Rica humid tropics Biodiversity
France temperate Biophysical research
Zimbabwe tropics Biophysical research
Sri Lanka humid tropics Biophysical research
Brazil humid tropics Biophysical research
Nepal upland tropics Biodiversity
USA temperate, arid Biodiversity
Uzbekistan temperate Biophysical research
DR Congo humid tropics Biodiversity
Brazil tropics Watershed management
USA temperate Alley cropping
India tropics Homegardens
India tropics Homegardens
India tropics Biophysical research
India, Nepal tropics Participatory research
Mexico temperate Silvopasture
India tropics Homegardens
India tropics Organic farming
India upland tropics Biophysical research
India upland tropics Medicinal plants
Malaysia tropics Biophysical research
Mexico tropics Biodiversity
Costa Rica tropics Biodiversity
New Guinea tropics Biodiversity
New Guinea tropics AF system design
na tropics Biological control
Panama humid tropics Biophysical research
Chile upland tropics Traditional knowledge
Bangladesh tropics Homegardens
Nigeria tropics Trees on farm
India tropics Medicinal plants
USA temperate Alley cropping
USA temperate Biophysical research
Algeria arid & semi-arid Biophysical research
Indonesia tropics Homegardens
India tropics Medicinal plants
India tropics Biophysical research
Costa Rica tropics Alley cropping
Africa tropics Biophysical research
Iran temperate Homegardens
Switzerland temperate Silvopasture
Bangladesh tropics Trees on farm
Bangladesh tropics Homegardens
na tropics Homegardens
Brazil tropics Traditional knowledge
India tropics Homegardens
Kenya tropics Medicinal plants
Kenya tropics Rural livelihood
Botswana tropics Protected area management
India upland tropics Medicinal plants
Sahel parklands arid & semi-arid Biodiversity
USA temperate Biophysical research
Cambodia tropics Rural livelihood
Spain Dehesa Biophysical research
Cameroon tropics Gender
Ghana tropics Rural livelihood
US Virgin Islands tropics Biophysical research
India tropics Organic farming
India tropics Homegardens
Central America tropics Silvopasture
Philippines tropics Traditional knowledge
Bangladesh tropics Medicinal plants
USA subtropics Sustainable land use
USA temperate Biophysical research
Sahel arid & semi-arid Live fences
Brazil tropics Biophysical research
India tropics Biodiversity
Himalayas upland tropics Biodiversity
Indonesia upland tropics Homegardens
Southern Africa tropics Improved fallow
India tropics Trees on farm
India tropics Medicinal plants
India tropics Biophysical research
India tropics Medicinal plants
Algeria arid & semi-arid Biophysical research
Philippines tropics NTFP
India tropics Homegardens
USA temperate Alley cropping
India tropics Biophysical research
USA temperate Medicinal plants
India tropics Medicinal plants
Developing countries tropics Homegardens
India upland tropics Medicinal plants
Mali arid & semi-arid Medicinal plants
Southeast Asia tropics Biodiversity
India tropics Homegardens
Austria temperate Silvopasture
Ecuador arid & semi-arid Biodiversity
Nicaragua tropics Watershed management
Canada temperate Biophysical research
na na Decision support systems
India tropics Decision support systems
Peru tropics Biophysical research
na na Biophysical research
USA temperate Biophysical research
USA temperate Alley cropping
Colombia tropics Biophysical research
Brazil tropics Biophysical research
na na Biophysical research
Developing countries na Carbon sequestration
na na Biophysical research
USA temperate Biophysical research
India tropics Alley cropping
Burkina Faso arid & semi-arid Biophysical research
Guatemala upland tropics Biophysical research
USA temperate Socioeconomic research
na na Biophysical research
India tropics Adoption
Nigeria, Kenya, Malawi tropics Biophysical research
USA temperate Biophysical research
USA temperate Biophysical research
Mexico na Environmental services
Italy temperate Rural livelihood
USA temperate Biophysical research
Zambia tropics Biophysical research
Romania temperate Biophysical research
Brazil tropics Biophysical research
Sri Lanka tropics Alley cropping
Sri Lanka tropics Alley cropping
Brazil subtropics Silvopasture
USA temperate Silvopasture
France temperate Tree crop interaction
France temperate Tree crop interaction
Senegal tropics, saline Biophysical research
USA temperate Biophysical research
Australia tropics Economics
Guinea tropics Taungya
India tropics Extension
India tropics Biophysical research
Germany temperate Alley cropping
USA temperate Windbreaks
Cameroon tropics Fallow management
Costa Rica tropics AF system research
Australia sub-humid, desert Land degradation
Australia semi-arid, sub-humid Scaling-up
South Africa tropics Silvopasture
Germany temperate Alley cropping
Ghana tropics Soil fertility
USA temperate Alley cropping
Senegal tropics Carbon sequestration
USA temperate Biophysical research
India tropics Biophysical research
Congo humid tropics Food security
Mexico tropics Carbon sequestration
na humid tropics Modeling
Philippines, Indonesia, upland tropics Carbon sequestration
Europe temperate Policy
na na Carbon sequestration
Uganda humid tropics Modeling
Melanesia tropics GIS application
Botswana humid tropics Adoption
Philippines upland tropics Modeling
Australia sub-humid, tropics Adoption
Malawi sub-humid tropics Carbon sequestration
Brazil tropics Carbon sequestration
Brazil tropics Soil fertility
USA temperate Silvopasture
Zimbabwe tropics Fallow system
Zimbabwe tropics Fallow/AF system research
Spain arid, sub-tropics AF system research
na humid tropics, temperate Biophysical research
Philippines upland tropics Adoption
Europe temperate Silvopasture, GIS application
na na Policy
Brazil tropics AF system research
Philippines upland tropics Policy
Philippines upland tropics AF adoption
Philippines upland tropics AF adoption
Philippines upland tropics Carbon sequestration
India tropics AF system research
India sub-tropics AF system research
Sri Lanka humid tropics Biophysical research
USA temperate Alley cropping
Europe temperate Silvopastoral, GIS
Canada temperate Alley cropping
Brazil tropics AF system research
Brazil tropics Modeling
Poland temperate Shelterbelts
Senegal tropics Parklands, Savannah
Senegal tropics Parklands, Savannah
Brazil tropics AF system research
India tropics Food security
USA temperate Silvopasture
Iran arid Adoption
Sudan tropics Alley cropping
India tropics Trees on farm
Guatemala tropics Homegarden
Bulgaria tropics Policy
Malaysia tropics Modeling
India tropics Soil fertility
India tropics AF system research
Mynmar sub-humid tropics Taungya, AF system research
Ukraine temperate Shelterbelts
USA temperate AF system research
Brazil tropics Silvopasture
USA temperate Alley cropping
Central America tropics Biophysical research
Europe temperate Modeling
na humid tropic Carbon sequestration
Mexico tropics Homegarden, Food security
USA temperate Alley cropping
USA temperate Alley cropping
USA temperate Alley cropping
Congo humid tropics Policy
Ukraine temperate Adoption
Ukraine temperate Shelterbelts
Australia sub-tropics AF system research
Ghana tropics Women in AF Research
Zambia sub-humid tropics AF education
Brazil tropics AF system design
Philippines upland tropics Capability Building, Training
Ghana tropics Mechanization in AF
Brazil tropics Economic analysis
Brazil tropics Fallow system
East-Africa tropics Women in AF Research
Brazil tropics Economic analysis
Senegal tropics Land Tenure
USA temperate Economic analysis
Cameroon humid tropic Economic analysis
Philippines upland tropics Tree domestication
Philppines upland tropics Economic analysis
Philippines upland tropics Economic analysis, NTFP
Philippines upland tropics Scaling-up AF benefits
India tropics AF system design
India tropics Biodiversity
Tunisia humid tropics AF education
Laos tropics Rural livelihood, Land tenure
Nepal upland tropics Rural livelihood, Policy
Philippines upland tropics AF education, adoption
India tropics Scaling up AF benefits
India tropics Policy, Food security
Nepal upland tropics Women in AF Research, Gender
Costa Rica tropics Market in AF, Policy
Philippines upland tropics Food security
Cuba tropics Policy
Kenya tropics Tree and Market
Costa Rica tropics Decision Support Tool
Kenya, Zambia, Philippines tropics Scaling up AF benefits
tropics, sub-humid tropics Scaling up AF benefits
Kenya, Nepal, Panama, Malawi, Madagascar, Congo Republlic
Ecuador tropics Policy and Institutions
Venezuela tropics Economic analysis, Adoption
Spain humid tropics Economic analysis, Adoption
temperate
Europe, Australia, New Zealand Economic analysis, Modeling
Europe temperate Economic analysis, Modeling
Europe temperate Economic analysis, Modeling
India tropics Women in AF
India tropics Economic analysis
India tropics Policy and Institutions
Nicaragua tropics Economic analysis
India tropics Rural Livelihood, Food security
Brazil tropics' Policy
Cuba, Mexico, Panama tropics Silvopastture
Indonesia tropics Mechanization in AF
Bangladesh tropics Rural Livelihood, Food security
USA temperate Economic analysis
Colombia tropics Economic analysis, Policy
Colombia tropics Economic analysis, Policy
Namibia, Finland humid tropics, temperate Policy, Adoption
Developing countries na AF education, adoption
USA temperate Economic analysis
Nepal upland tropics Eco-tourism, policy
Kuwait arid (desert) Desertification, policy
India Tropics Policy and Institutions
East-Africa tropics, semi-arid Land Tenure
Ukraine temperate Shelterbelts
India tropics Ecological interactions, Economic valuation
India tropics Policy (legal issues)
India tropics women in AF
Eastern Zambia tropics participatory methodologies, adoption
North Cameroon tropics Parkland systems, Adoption
Zambia tropics AF education
Chile tropics Mechanization in AF
Zambia tropics Scaling-AF benefits
Zambia tropics Capability Building
USA temperate Environmental amelioration
Mexico tropics fallow system, Biodiversity
India tropics Policy
Costa Rica tropics Silvopastture
India tropics, semi-arid Policy, land tenure
Micronesia, North Pacific tropics Adoption
Hawaii tropics Adoption
Ethiopia semi-arid Economic analysis
Congo semi-arid Policy
South Africa sub-tropics Policy and Institutions
Cameroon tropics Biodiversity
Cameroon tropics AF education
Australia humid tropic, semi-arid AF education, adoption
Congo semi-arid AF research design/types
Philippines upland tropics Adoption
Nigeria tropics Adoption
Gabon tropics Policy, Adoption
Costa Rica tropics Adoption
Nigeria semi-arid Food security, policy
Nigeria semi-arid, sub-tropics Economic analysis
Congo, Central Africa region tropics Policy, Adoption
Costa Rica, Mexico, Brazil tropics Policy
Brazil tropics Market analysis
African developing countries tropics, semi-arid Gender issue
African developing countries tropics, semi-arid Land Tenure
Sri Lanka tropics Economic analysis
Philippines upland tropics Policy and Institutions
Philippines upland tropics Adoption, Policy
Thailand tropics Adoption
Philippines upland tropics Economic analysis,
Philippines upland tropics Policy
Philippines upland tropics Policy and Institutions
India arid, semi-arid, humid Adoption
India humid-tropics, semi-arid Economic analysis
Mexico tropics Adoption, AF promotion
India tropics, semi-arid AF adoption
Marshall Island tropics Land Tenure
India semi-arid Policy, rural planning
Philippines upland tropics Economic analysis
India tropics Scaling up AF benefits
Australia sub-tropics Adoption
Bangladesh tropics Adoption, Policy, economic analysis
India tropics Policy
Gambia semi-arid, sub-tropics Land Tenure
Venezuela tropics Economic analysis
Philippines upland tropics Adoption
Philippines upland tropics Sustainable land use, adoption
USA temperate Economic benefits, silvopasture
South Asian nation tropics Policy and Institution
na na Mechanization in AF
Indonesia tropics Knowledge-based systems, local knowledge
India tropics Policy
India semi-arid, tropics Policy and Institution
Cameroon
Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria,tropics Scaling-up AF benefits, Policy
Mexico tropics Adoption
Australia semi-arid Economic analysis
USA temperate AF system research
India tropics Economic analysis
Marshall Island tropics Adoption
Lao PDR tropics NTFP
Kenya Arid Gender Issue
Indonesia tropics economic analysis
Nepal tropics Rural Livelihood
Rwanda semi-arid Gender issues
China temperate Shelterbelts
USA temperate Economic analysis
Bolivia tropics Adoption
Nigeria tropics AF education
Zambia, Malawi tropics Soil fertility management strategies
India semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
Kenya semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
USA temperate AF education
Philippines upland tropics Extension
Brazil tropics AF system design
Brazil tropics AF system research
Tunisia arid AF in semi-arid regions
South Africa tropics AF education
Philippines upland tropics AF education
Sub-Saharan Africa semi-arid Soil fertilty issues
Canada temperate AF education
Zimbabwe tropics Soil fertility management strategies
Zambia sub-humid Soil fertility management strategies
Zambia sub-humid Soil fertility management strategies
Zambia semi-arid, sub-humid Soil fertility issues
Brazil tropics Silvopasture
Mali semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
India, Sri Lanka semi-arid Tree improvement
Senegal semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
USA temperate Decision Support Tool
Nigeria tropics Soi Fertility issues
USA temperate Soil fertility issues
Cameroon tropics Soil fertility management strategies
Spain tropics Silvopastoral system
Sub-Saharan Africa semi-arid Soil fertility issues
India semi-arid, sub-tropics AF system research
India tropics AF system research
Ukraine temperate Shelterbelts
India tropics Silvopastoral system
Eritea semi-arid AF system research
Kenya semi-arid, tropics Soil fertility management strategies
India tropics adoption
na tropics Adoption
Nigeria tropics Soil fertility management strategies
South Africa tropics AF system research
USA temperate AF education
Kenya tropics Soil fertility management strategies
India tropics AF education
India tropics Soil fertility issues
India semi-arid Adoption, extension
Kenya semi-arid, sub-tropics AF education
Melanesian tropics Soil fertility issues
Philippines upland tropics AF education
Philippines upland tropics Soil fertility management strategies
Thailand tropics AF education
India semi-arid Soil fertility issues
USA temperate AF education
Mexico Semi-arid small-scale farm production
Bangladesh tropics, semi-arid AF education
Bangladesh tropics Soil fertility management strategies
Kenya tropics Soil fertility management strategies
Zimbabwe tropics, semi-arid Silvopastoral system
Kenya tropics, semi-arid Modeling
Tanzania tropics, semi-arid Soil fertility issues
Brazil tropics Soil fertility issues
Australia sub-tropics AF education
Tanzania semi-arid Soil fertility management strategies
Zimbabwe tropics Soil management
Uganda semi-arid AF education
Nigeria tropics AF in semi-arid regions
Nigeria tropics Soil fertilty issues
Sudan semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
Kenya Tropics Intercropping system
USA semi-arid Species selection
Mexico tropics Soil management
Nigeria tropics AF education
New Zealand tropics, temperate AF system research
Philippines upland tropics Economic analysis
Kenya tropics AF system research, homegarden
Philippines upland tropics AF education
India semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
USA temperate alleycropping
Australia sub-tropics AF education
Australia sub-tropics AF education
South Africa tropics Soil management, desertication
Mexico tropics nutritional value
Mexico semi-arid Silvopastoral system
Zambia tropics Soil fertility issues
Senegal tropics AF in semi-arid regions
India arid, semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
India semi-arid Soil management
India semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
India semi-arid NTFP
Haiti tropics, semi-arid AF system research
India semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
Africa and Asia arid and semi-arid regions Policy and institution
tropics tropics Recent innovations (tehnologies) for AF
United Kingdom temperate AF education
USA temperate AF education
Cameroon tropics, semi-arid AF education
Ethiopia arid, semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
Mexico semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
India semi-arid AF education
India semi-arid, tropics AF education
India semi-arid, tropics AF in semi-arid regions
India semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
Philippines upland tropics Institutionalizing AF
Ecuador tropics AF education
USA temperate Silvopasture
Ethiopia arid, semi-arid Soil fertility management strategies
Niger semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
Cameroon tropics Soil fertility issues
Southern Africa tropics, semi-arid Tree domestication
USA temperate Short rotation woody crops
USA tropics Managing genetic diversity
Italy temperate Short rotation woody crops
Italy temperate Short rotation woody crops
India tropics Managing genetic diversity
India tropics Tree and component management
Sub-Saharan Africa semi-arid trees in fragmented landscape
Australia semi-arid Short rotation woody crops
USA temperate Short rotation woody crops
Nepal tropics NTFP
Australia tropics Tree domestication
Canada temperate Tree and component management
Tunisia tropics Tree and component management
USA temperate Tree and component management
USA (Hawaii) tropics Tree and component management
USA temperate Diversifying benefits of AF system
USA temperate Diversifying benefits of AF system
Philippines upland tropics Policy
Philippines upland tropics Intercropping system
Philippines upland tropics Tree domestication
Philippines upland tropics Tree domestication
Kenya tropics Tree domestication
India sub-humid trees in fragmented landscape
Brazil tropics Managing genetic diversity
Peru tropics Managing genetic diversity
Panama tropics Adoption
USA temperate trees in fragmented landscape
Nepal tropics Managing genetic diversity
India tropics Managing genetic diversity
Venezuela tropics Tree and component management
South Africa temperate Tree domestication
Uzbekistan tropics Tree and component management
USA temperate NTFP
Iran arid trees in fragmented landscape
South Africa temperate Biophysical research
South Africa temperate Silvopasture
Benin Republic tropics trees in fragmented landscape
India semi-arid Food security
Mexico humid tropics Silvopasture
Mexico humid tropics silvopasture
Philippines upland tropics Managing genetic diversity
Nicaragua tropics AF system design
India semi-arid Managing genetic diversity
Costa Rica tropics trees in fragmented landscape
Costa Rica tropics Biodiversity conservation
New Zealand temperate AF system description
Indonesia tropics Tree domestication
Bangladesh tropics Biodiversity conservation
Bangladesh tropics Biodiversity conservation
Costa Rica, Nicaragua tropics trees in fragmented landscape
Costa Rica, Nicaragua tropics trees in fragmented landscape
Mexico tropics trees in fragmented landscape
na na Tree domestication
India tropics, semi-arid Tree and component management
India tropics AF system research
India tropics Tree and component management
India tropics trees in fragmented landscape
na na Tree and component management
Melanesia tropics AF system design
Brazil tropics AF system research
Brazil tropics silvopasture
USA temperate Phytoremediation
na tropical american and africa Tree domestication
Philippines upland tropics AF education
USA temperate Modeling
Brazil tropics AF system description
Costa Rica tropics AF system evaluation
Venezuela tropics Tree and component management
Venezuela tropics Tree and component management
semi-arid, tropics
Cameroon, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Madagascar Managing genetic diversity
Uganda semi-arid Tree domestication
Ethiopia semi-arid Food security
Cameroon tropics NTFP
Costa Rica tropics Food security
South Africa tropics, temperate Food security
Cameroon tropics Tree and component management
Cameroon tropics Tree and component management
USA temperate Agrosilvopastoral
USA temperate Silvopasture
Sub-Saharan Africa semi-arid Tree and component management
Sub-Saharan Africa semi-arid Tree and component management
Pakistan sub-tropics Tree and component management
Peru tropics Tree domestication
Indonesia tropics Tree and component management
New Zealand temperate trees in fragmented landscape
New Zealand temperate trees in fragmented landscape
New Zealand temperate trees in fragmented landscape
Philippines upland tropics Tree domestication
India semi-arid AF in semi-arid regions
India tropics Tree domestication
Sri Lanka tropics AF system design
Sri Lanka tropics Tree domestication
Ethiopia semi-arid trees in fragmented landscape
Australia semi-arid, sub-tropics Policy
Australia semi-arid, sub-tropics AF system research
Guatemala tropics Policy
Indonesia tropics Tree domestication
Malaysia tropics Tree and farm
Philippines upland tropics Tree and farm
Venezuela tropics AF system research
Cameroon, Nigeria tropics, semi-arid Tree domestication
India tropics Intercropping system
India tropics Tree and farm
Brazil tropics Tree and component management
India tropics Managing genetic diversity
India tropics Policy
Cameroon humid tropics AF system design
India tropics Managing genetic diversity
Australia semi-arid Short rotation woody crops
India tropics MPTS
Myanmar tropics AF system research
Australia semi-arid Short rotation woody crops
West and Central Africa semi-arid, tropics Tree domestication
Thailand tropics Tree and component management
India tropics Tree and component management
India tropics AF system research
Turkey semi-arid AF system description
USA temperate NTFP
Peru tropics trees in fragmented landscape
Canada temperate Tree and component management
USA temperate Short rotation woody crops
USA temperate silvopasture
USA tropics Biodiversity
Ethiopia semi-arid Tree and component management
china temperate Shelterbelts
Zambia semi-arid, tropics Economic analysis
Subject General
sub-category findings/observations
Adapting AF to diverse smallholders Smallholder needs and characteristics vary widely, AF needs to respond
Potential of AF to respond to food security AF has potential to arrest land degradation, increase site productivity, se
World Food Summit 2015 hunger goals AF has potential to sustainably increase food security and conserve biod
Sub-Saharan Africa, AF links to social forestry N-fixing trees to improve soil fertility and control erosion need to be integ
AF in biodiversity corridors AF can be integrated into biodiversity corridors to meet both economic an
Shifting cultivation Management to increase the contribution of shifting cultivation to the con
AF for biodiversity in modified forest landscapes AF has contributed to biodiversity cons. in dryland tree-dominated Africa;
Farmer strategies and potential for tree biodiversity Researchers, developers & farmers should identify complementarities be
Impact of main tropical AF systems on C storage Must assess limitations to farmer implementation of AF practices and de
Modeling, CDM and JI, silvopasture Methods needed to assess dynamics of C fluxes and storage under AF;
Soil organic carbon AF is one viable option for enhancing soil organic C in tropical forest eco
Potential of AF to increase C sequestration Policies and research needed to support AF potential to increase C-seq v
Intercropping, silvopasture May be easier to maximize crop/tree interactions where trees in widely sp
Adaptive management, modeling Adaptive management and alternative approached to large scale modelli
Shelterbelts Emphasized using a mix of site-specific species to create stable shelterb
Riparian buffers Riparian areas being lost; rehabilitation efforts have been variable
Adoption Lack of understanding, lack of incentives, and narrow landowner particip
UMO Center for Agroforestry (UMCA) UMCA stresses training trainers, direct interaction with landowners, dem
Midwestern landowner adoption Midwestern landowners not interested in increasing complexity of farms w
Subsidies Subsidies for AF adoption very common; reviews success of their use as
Landowner needs, AF as emerging industry Landowners want demo sites, training, extension material, market resear
Scaling up Key elements to impact of AF were farmer centered research and extens
Tree seed Sources of tree seed to support increased tree planting on farm is one of
Markets for trees and tree products Lack of market info, access, and development constrain spread of AF in
Markets for trees and tree products Supports increased recognition of products from domesticated trees as A
Riparian buffers More research is needed to fit AF designs to local conditions
Watershed management After 50 years of conservation effort, sediment discharge into Yellow Rive
Riparian buffers Buffers are BMPs for mitigating both PSP and NPSP in streams draining
Waste water, phytoremediation Discusses options for tree-based treatment of waste water and bioremed
GIS, soil survey Did a GIS survey to evaluate soil differences and identify potential areas
Deforestation Surveys local AF systems and contribution to household livelihood; adop
Land degradation AF adoption in western Nigeria is low; constraints include lack of capital a
Natural resource regulation, local governance Describes traditional "Lapat" system of natural resource use, regulation,
Traditional knowledge Reviews effect of HIV/AIDS on agroforestry management and institutiona
Economics, labor AF practices involving fast-growing leguminous trees increased livestock
Outgrower schemes Examines 3 outgrower schemes to provide wood to forest industry and in
Deforestation With current AF projects Ghana can recover about 65% of its renewable
Land degradation Project recorded model AF farmers in Philippine uplands as case studies
Tree nutritional content, economic value Nutritional analysis of Adansonia on farms; estimated economic value to
Tree crop interaction Reviews competitive interactions between maize, finger millet, and variou
Fish ponds Promotes fishponds in mountain areas to mitigate impact of weather abn
Fruit tree agroforestry Fruit tree agroforestry contributes to household income and food security
Agroforestry survey Survey of agroforestry practices in Nepal
Sustainable development Examines status of biodiversity conservation in Nepal
Farm forestry Survey of AF practices in Andhra Pradesh of rich and poor farmers; AF g
Sustainable development Advocates AF role in Cameroon
Sustainable development Advocates AF role in Uganda
Project description Describes rural survey and AF project
Adoption Case studies of two AF farmers with minimum governement intervention
Adoption "Promoter" model of extension produced low AF adoption in the surveyed
Disease/illness Surveyed impact of illness on farmer livelihood; looked at coping strategi
Institutional strengthening Proposes esablishment of a national AF research center in Venezuela
Policy, Adoption Analyzes public policy related to AF adoption in the Cerrados
Sustainable development Describes AF practices of upland tribal people; discusses potential of AF
Rural livelihood Using rainforests for NTFP production vs timber can benefit rural commu
Food security AF in mid hills of Nepal contributes to food security and financial capital f
Trees on farm Poplar tree height better in block vs border plantations; discuss associate
Economics, labor Study of importance of AF crops to household economy
Indigenous people Potential of AF to stabilize Baka Pygmies
Project description Project uses fruit tree AF to improve sustainability of farming methods
NTFP Surveys of 4 endangered NTFP spp on Mount Cameroon; suggests ex-s
Sustainable development Discusses how to measure sustainability
Cattle production Forage and cattle production was less in silvopasture compared to open
Adoption A study of extension methods found training and focus groups effective i
Tree management, marketing Study of harvest and marketing of teak on farms
Extension Found focus groups and cross farm visits effective in promoting AF pract
Fuel and fodder Description of upland semi-arid AF in Jammu
NTFP On-farm areas under monocropping should be brought into AF to decrea
Policy, Adoption Recommends AF response to deforestation, ecological and socio-econo
Traditional knowledge Promotes watershed management based on landscape relationships and
Fodder trees Reports results of silvopasture research with several tree species
Sustainable development Surveyed farmers to determine the extent of AF adoption
Bambou Studied bambou, ginger, soybean AF production as a way to reclaim deg
Policy, Adoption Analyzes factors influencing farmer adoption of MPTs based on regulato
Sustainable development Discusses contributions of AF to food, feed, wood self-sufficiency
Policy, Adoption SWOT analysis of AF systems implemented in Malaysia since 1987
Modeling Surveyed farmers to determine their willingness to adopt AF
Project description Describes project results from 1991 - 2000
Project description ICRAF project to raise Adansonia on farm shows promise
NTFP FAO survey done to ascertain impact of HIV/AIDS on Miombo woodland
Rural livelihood Review of the food value of NTFPs in the region
Policy, Adoption Revisions in agroforestry practices and policies contemplated in Banglad
Tree management, marketing Germination study of Buchanania lanzan
Tree-crop interaction Trials of 28 forest trees, 16 fruit trees, 42 alley crops; growth and yield pa
Rural livelihood Improved fallows and biomass transfer technologies show promise in we
Allelopathy Wheat density and growth less in shelterbelts of exotic species vs Dalbe
Sustainable development Study reports wheat and poplar production in northwest India AF system
Rural livelihood AF has potential to improve nutrition, generate income, provide beneficia
Rural livelihood Survey of NTFP use shows they provide >25% of farmer revenues
Adoption Land tenure limits live fence adoption in Mali
Subsidies Recent policy changes in France may increase AF adoption
Sustainable development Study of motivations to adopt AF in Mindanao
Policy, adaptation Study of agroforestry farmer food security coping mechanisms
Rural livelihood Study of farmer constraints to adoption of poplar management practices
Software Commercial software for calculating EU subsidy and field profit margin
Extension Fodder banks can increase milk production, fertility, animal survival
Rural livelihood Examines AF land use options and factors affecting adoption
Economics Case study of ACBE ex ante technique to assess farmer criteria for evalu
Project description Describes economic impact of government sponsored AF activities; note
Project description AF demonstration units established in Amazon with farmer participation
NTFP AF has potential for improving economic status of women in rural India th
Project description Describes a 20 year agroforestry extension project in Haiti; advocates tre
Improved fallow Use of improved fallow in Kenya increased small-farmer marketable surp
Institutional strengthening A form of local government (gram panchayats) and local agroforestry pla
Rural livelihood Describes Areca AF systems and farmer knowledge in Bangladesh; this
Soil fertility In Tanzania a local Senna species shows promise for use in maize alley
Markets for trees and tree products In Cameroon small farm cacao production is in decline due to inadequate
Rural livelihood In southern Cameroon, humid forest fallow areas are valued by local peo
Sustainable development Overpopulation of forested subtropical Wuling mountain region leads to c
Sustainable development AF adoption study in Cameroon shows differences in the relative importa
Policy A report on Cuban AF development and its impact on agriculture and foo
Rural livelihood AF adoption is high in southeastern Nigeria and is resulting in higher farm
Biodiversity Recommends integrating trees and animal production for income genera
Rural livelihood There is a growing interest in goat silvopasture among limited resource f
Sustainable development Increasing shrimp farming in the Philippines endangers old growth mang
Project design Farmers in upland Philippines require information, subisidized trees, goo
Adoption Several econometric methods are applied to binary AF adoption data and
Statistical methods Review of 120 adoption studies, meta-analysis on 32; authors find prefer
Project design Small-scale agroforestry project in Ecuador is discussed
Adoption Large-scale ex-post adoption study in Kenya finds found AF technologies
Project description Describes a government tree nursery program in Kenya
Project description To increase tree planting in Bangladesh, a project allows landless farmer
Poverty reduction Describes how AF provides medicines and conserves biodiversity to the
Rural livelihood Reviews farmer adoption of eucalyptus-based AF in Andhra Pradesh Ind
AF system description Describes successful AF system developed by advanced farmers in Phil
Project description Describes a JICA-funded government participatory AF project in the cana
AF system description A multi-species perennial-based AF system using chemical inputs in the
Rural livelihood A study compared AF with non-AF options in Yemen; authors find potent
AF system description Economics of a betel leaf AF system in Bangladesh is described; authors
Productivity Slow-release urea fertilizer increases rice production in leucaena hedger
Windbreaks An adoption study of live hedges in Senegal and Mali
Policy AF is promoted as a solution to India's environmental and forest product
Trees on farm Horticultural raising of baobab for leaf production is promoted in Mali; ad
AF system description Eucalyptus and poplar AF systems have been successful in northern Ind
Policy AF is incorporated into national agriculture policy in Uganda; indigenous
Policy Policy and institutional disincentives to AF practice result in shortfalls in w
Riparian buffers Riparian buffer adoption is low in Nebraska, USA; a landowner survey re
Rural livelihood Calls for site specific information about AF practices in India, since AF w
Extension A survey in Pennsylvania, USA, reveals four distinct types of landowners
Public land management In central Philippines, passing of authority for natual resource manageme
Biodiversity Advocates raising local edible NTFPs in AF associations on farms and m
Rural livelihood Contour hedgerows are used with local crops in response to land degrad
Rural livelihood Discusses significant role of AF in Taungya and social forestry systems i
AF system description Trials of several AF intercropping options to the current rainy season mo
Research and development Discussion of sustainability of AF systems; author says research on this
Project description Describes a state sponsored AF project in Mexico
Policy Poplar AF systems are popular in northern India; genetic work has produ
Extension Strategies suggested so that AF technical recommendations of extension
Adoption Based on a series of on-farm participatory research in central Amazonia,
AF system design AF can be used to mitigate the impacts of HIV/AIDS, especially labor sho
Rural livelihood Describes temperate AF systems protecting important grain production a
Policy Policy changes in Saskatchewan Canada encourage farmers to include t
Stakeholder opinions A survey of extension professionals in the southeast USA indicates abou
Disaster recovery A report on the positive impacts of AF practices in post-genocide Rwand
AF system design A planter's guide was developed for Pinus taeda agroforestry systems in
Medicinal plants A medicinal plant collection, propagation, education, and training project
Trees on farm The biodiversity contributions and potential of trees and shrubs on farms
Adoption Reports survival, farmer acceptance, financial analysis, and soil organic
Trees on farm In Algeria, pistachio, a potential AF species, adapts to increasing aridity b
AF system design Reviews homegardens in Brazil; finds that home consumption is strong b
Project description Explains the organizational and operating principles of EARUP, a consor
Biodiversity A study about the role of communication in Philippines biodiversity protec
Medicinal plants Yield of musli, a medicinal plant, was highest under 50% teak cover; app
Adoption A slash and mulch AF system in western Honduras improves food secur
Education A project will be undertaken in Belize to develop land use systems in deg
Medicinal plants, alley cropping Production of medicinal herbs in alleys of Moringa oleifera in the US Virg
Rural livelihood The shaded component of Costa Rican coffee systems is important to ru
AF system description Describes Amazonian riverine homegardens; wood and palm heart extra
Medicinal plants Due to increasing economic importance of medicinal plants, AF systems
composting Solid waste from AF systems and use of composting as potential inputs t
Fruit tree agroforestry Discusses in vitro regeneration protocols for guava as a temperate AF sp
Silvopasture Moderate shade from hardwood trees in Appalachian USA silvopasture s
Alley cropping More carabid beetles were present in a monocrop control than in alley cr
Economics Reports on a willingness-to-pay study on the value of biodiversity in a Ph
AF system description Presents results of a floral diversity study of leased AF plots in a Philippin
Live fences Indices of structural connectivity are compared in areas with and without
Tree crop interaction Fertilization of adjacent intercrops improves cherry and walnut nutrient up
Natural pesticide Local plants are compared to commercial products in their effectiveness
Homegardens Sap flow rate was measured for three tree species representing different
Biodiversity In Brazil, two genetic groups of a mycoparasite used against witches bro
AF system description A study of socioeconomic conditions of Nepal small farmers who cultivat
Farming equipment No-till roller/seeders have been developed to restore perennial forage gra
N-fixation A rhizobial innoculation study on soybean was done in Uzbekistan
Trees on farm Acacia is planted near Congolese national parks to create income for loc
Inventory A GIS analysis of the natural resources in the cacao producing area of th
AF system design Four hay crop combinations were studied in alley cropping systems of fiv
Rural livelihood Reviews characteristics and cost:benefits of homegardens where fish an
AF system design Homegardens in central Kerala, India, are described based on a survey o
Trees on farm Describes genetic studies aimed to reduce dependency of Indian poplar
Medicianal plants A participatory research project in India and Nepal seeks to develop a pr
AF system description Participatory research on sheep silvopasture in Chiapas, Mexico shows a
Biodiversity A description of the diverse strategies used in Kerala, India, homegarden
Rural livelihood Analyzes trends in agricultural chemical use in India and advocates orga
Medicinal plants A study of proper storage conditions for valerian, a medicinal plant of the
AF system design Advocates commercial cultivation of medicinal plants in AF systems in th
AF system design Ants may be a good indicator of ecological health in Morinda-Hevea AF s
AF system design Conservation International promotes BMPs for coffee AF systems in Chia
Indigenous people Indigenous cacao AF systems in Costa Rica have similar structure to for
Palms Discusses palm diversity in New Guinea
Homegardens Advocates the use of native plants, vs exotics, in New Guinea AF system
Scaling up Discusses worldwide cacao fungal disease management research
Biological control Fungal endophytes on cacao leaves in lowland Panama appear to be im
Biodiversity Reports on the knowledge of Mapuche people indigenous to the Chilean
Rural livelihood In coastal Bangladesh the total area, plant diversity, and contribution to fa
Rural livelihood A study of tree integration on homesteads in southeast Nigeria
Rural livelihood Management and marketing of medicinal and aromatic plants in central I
Organic farming Alley cropping may make organic farming more efficient in the southeast
Medicinal plants Medicinal properties, chemistry, economics, and other aspects of Scutell
Plantation forestry A study of the growth of Cedrus atlantica in Algerian plantations
Sustainable development Crop diversity in homegardens varied in three areas of Sulawesi, Indone
AF system description Reports on a survey of medicinal and aromatic plants in Haryana, India
Medicinal plants Yield of galangal, an oil-producing herb, was studied under three canopy
Tree crop interaction Two Inga species were tested for fuelwood production and effect on maiz
Improved fallow Trials of fallow tree species in southern Africa tested three species divers
AF system description Reports on the first field study of homegardens in Iran
Biodiversity Silvopasture in the Swiss alps was found to be compatible with biodivers
Traditional knowledge A survey of farmer criteria for selecting fodder trees in the Bangladesh flo
Rural livelihood Overview of homegardens in Bangladesh
Biodiversity Literature review of homestead agroforestry in Bangladesh; discusses lin
AF system description Discusses the development of Amazonian agroforestry from prehistory to
Economics A survey of homegardens in Kerala, India, revealed that smaller gardens
Traditional knowledge The medicinal properties of Fagara tree species in Kenya are discussed
Biodiversity Agroforestry practices are important to rural livelihood in the Mt. Kenya re
Fire management Fire and elephant damage to trees in Botswana reserves is serious; AF m
Biodiversity Remote sensing and ground surveys were used to study medicinal and a
AF system description A survey of biodiversity of Sahelian parklands shows variation by manag
Alley cropping In Missouri, USA, alfalfa may not be a good candidate for alley cropping,
AF system design Cambodian farmers reveals AF system preferences; AF has potential to
Silvopasture Effects of Holm oak on crop yield and soil fertility in Spanish dehesa regi
Windbreaks Describes an AF project in the Mt Cameroon region that began with wind
Trees on farm A study finds AF contributes to rural livelihood in three regions of Ghana
Alley cropping Yield of hot pepper in a Morinda citrifolia alley cropping system in the US
Trees on farm Higher wheat grain yield was obtained in an AF system using inputs of "s
Economics Homegardens in the Andaman Islands are described as sustainable
Economics Three farms with silvopasture and three without were observed in Centra
Trees on farm Farmers in upland Philippines have detailed knowledge of trees, this is n
Biodiversity An AF program is described that aims to incorporate threatened medicin
Pest control Advocates use of barn owl nesting boxes along field perimeters in south
Medicinal plants Agricultural production and AF models for five commercially valuable me
AF system description In Sahelian Senegal and Mali farmers found more plant biodiversity and
Soil fertility Organic matter fractions and interactions were studied in two cacao AF s
Tree inventory A list of trees and animals of the mangrove systems in the Andaman and
Medicinal plants Advocates on-farm production of medicinal plant species in the eastern H
Rural livelihood Javanese homegardens were surveyed to see if sufficient ground cover a
Pest control Fallows enriched with tree legumes were shown to reduce weeds and so
Rural livelihood Growing commercial timber trees in and around agricultural fields has be
AF system design Medicinal and aromatic plant production over the last 25 years in Indian A
Trees on farm Chlorophyll dynamics of Thuja and Juniperus species in India were studi
AF system design Describes an effort to educate farmers and cultivate medicinal and arom
Tree population study Stomata of Ziziphus species were studied in Algeria
AF system design Domesticating edible snails in AF systems shows promise in the Philippin
AF system description A survey of the components of tribal homegardens in the Western Ghats
Pest control There are fewer insect herbivores and more natural enemies in black wa
Trees on farm Cowpea responded with greater growth after having been sprayed with a
Marketing A case study of the market history and patterns of American ginseng, an
Trees on farm Work is reported from Himachal Pradesh India on vegetative propagatio
Economics Advocates applying ecological economic analysis, rather than neo-classi
AF system design A study of phenology, insect pests, and phenotypic variation of Bunicum
Traditional knowledge A farmer survey of a medicinal legume in southern Mali
Watershed management A study of three watersheds in southeast Asia concludes that environme
AF system description Reports a survey of the plant and animal components of homegardens in
Traditional knowledge A field survey of Austrian farmers reveals several innovative silvopasture
AF system design Native tree planting in abandoned farmsteads and ravines in a forest res
AF project description A USDA project aided in the restoration of areas impacted by Hurricane M
Carbon sequestration Poplar and spruce AF systems with barley stored more carbon than did s
System development Adocates the use of SQL databases for AF research data to allow analys
System development A database of AF research is being developed in India for use by multiple
Carbon sequestration A study calculates the carbon in various components of six AF and land u
Soil organic matter Discusses the application of Beer's Law, Darcy's Law, and exponential d
Insect population Reviews the effect of AF systems on arthropod populations
Tree crop interaction Pecan tree roots reduced the concentration of N in soil water in an alley c
Carbon sequestration Improved pasture systems may be useful for storing carbon in American
Soil organic carbon There were no differences in the amount of soil organic carbon held in a
Modeling Tree architecture models are being developed in France and Indonesia t
Economics A study in several developing countries concludes that the price of carbo
Tree crop interaction Nine leguminous cover crops used in Brazilizn cacao plantations were te
Silvopasture Loblolly pine growth and forage production is reported from a study of co
Tree crop interaction Yield of yam bean in alley cropping systems of six tree species was stud
Tree crop interaction Modeling was used in crown pruning studies of Vitellaria and Parkia in Bu
Tree crop interaction Intercropping pears with fava beans and maize improved the system yiel
AF system design The US National Agroforestry Center and other organizations are workin
Modeling A discussion of the use of biophysical models to describe AF interactions
Rural livelihood An investigation of adoption and related issues of poplar-based AF syste
Tree physiology The response of four leguminous fodder trees to enforced reverse phono
Alley cropping Orchardgrass grown in alleys with shorleaf and loblolly pine differed in its
Alley cropping A study of the persistence, yield and nutritive value of orchardgrass and t
Economics A discussion of the potential of AF to respond to biodiversity and carbon
AF system design A shortage of high quality timber in Italy lead to hardwood tree plantation
Alley cropping The nitrogen dynamics and soil flora and fauna populations in Albizia julib
Improved fallow In Zambia, improved fallow systems using a mix of tree species produce
Tree physiology A study of the effect of UHF radiation on chlorophyll and carotene of Que
Tree physiology Peach palm in AF systems responded linearly to light availability in Mana
Tree crop interaction Tea production in contour hedgerows of six tree species was studied in t
Tree crop interaction Contour hedgerows of Gliricidia improved maize yields in sloping lands o
AF system design A silvopasture system using Acacia mearnsii and warm season grasses
Hydrology Depth and variation in the water table varied in silvopasture of three tree
Modeling Describes progress on the development of the HiSAFE model for simula
Modeling A root growth module that is part of the HiSAFE simulation model is dicu
Silvopasture Survival and growth of Atriplex in silvopasture was improved by innoculat
Silvopasture A study in Appalachian West Virginia, USA, indicates that Robinia pseud
Carbon sequestration Tree removal for annual crop production in dryland Australia causes salin
Soil fertility, Livelihood A modified taungya system is used in Guinea, based on the density of re
watershed protection A watershed development project is run by village development committe
Tree-crop interaction An experiment in Kerala, India, found that nutrient uptake by coconut wa
Reclamation, biophysical interaction Alley cropping alfalfa with Robinia pseudoacacia appears to be a good pr
Risk assessment A way is sought to use low cost sensors for measuring the ability of wind
Soil fertility In northern Cameroon, improved fallow trees contributed more to root ca
water issue, soil fertility Sun grown coffee had a greater level of mineral N export in coffee harve
water issue, research and development Experiments in western Australia test the utility of planting 3-5 year tree r
Land degradation Modelling is being used to combine soil and climate data to estimate whe
livestock production Reviews literature on effects of polyphenols on N use by crops and rumin
AF system Design Alley cropping systems of black locust, willow and poplar were studied in
multistrata agroforestry system Nitrogen and carbon components were measured in three ages of cacao
Soil and water conservation Several kinds of alley crop plants were compared as an alternative to con
Fallow system Carbon sequestration in trees was measured in Senegal; stump carbon n
Alley cropping In Alabama USA, competition for light in Albizzia julibrissin alley cropping
AF Design evaluation Significant competition was found for growth resources in a traditional Mo
Domestication Genetic studies of Irvingia gabonensis with the goal of carbon sequestrat
AF system Design Carbon accumulation in the tree, shrub, and herb components of five citr
Biophysical research Modelling was used to predict light quantity and root-free soil volume for
land use change Carbon stocks and sequestration rate are presented for several southeas
Public land management Policy impediments and opportunities for AF establishment in several EU
AF system Design Authors suggest that increases in labile soil carbon by AF systems do no
AF system Design Sub-meter resolution satellite images of coffee AF systems in Uganda su
AF system Design High-resolution satellite imagery was applied to coconut AF systems in M
Policy, landuse management evaluation Analytic hierarchy process is used to analyze stakeholder preferences in
Decision Support Tool The WOCAT assessment system for evaluating soil and water conserva
Policy Presents the Joint Venture AF Program in Australia; salinization in arid a
AF system Design Carbon sequestration in two Gliricidia-mainze intercropping systems was
Economic analysis Four AF systems were analyzed over a 21 year period in Mato Grosso B
Biophysical research Growth of Bactris, Cedrela, and Cordia was measured with respect to we
soil fertility In south central Florida, USA, slash pine/bahiagrass silvopasture appear
Water issue Study of a tree fallow system of Acacia angustissima and maize in Zimba
water and soil fertility issue Tree fallow-maize systems in Zimbabwe improved soil characteristics an
Biophysical research In Spanish holm oak Dehesa systems, water status and Ps rates were hi
soil fertility Despite greater input of organic material in tropical Erythrina alley croppin
Decision Support Tool Describes two AF evaluation systems used in the Philippines; one to eva
Decision Support Tool Modelling is being used to identify AF systems and policy that will increas
Decision Support Tool A discussion of some the the limitations imposed on developing countrie
Soil fertility An analysis of phosphorus in earthworm casts and in Oxisols in three lan
Modeling, Decision Support Tool Modeling showed advantages to AF systems vs maize monocropping in
Policy An overview of AF adoption in the Philippines suggests limited success o
Policy, monitoring and evaluation design Authors recommend using community members to gather data and evalu
Policy, adoption An estimate is given of the amount of carbon sequestered in Philippine A
Adoption Variations on teak taungya, with a tree improvement compontent, are fou
soil fertility An AF system with water chestnut is decribed in subtropical India
Alley cropping Several varieties of Gliricidia sepium were tested in alley cropping system
Biophysical research Water use efficiency of cotton under pecan alley cropping (with and witho
Decision Support Tool, Policy Using GIS methods, areas in Europe where suitable for AF using five tre
Biophysical research Maize and soybean yields were reduced in maple and poplar alleys main
Biophysical research In southeastern Brazil, coffee plants under shade lost more water per un
Biophysical research Light available to coffee under Hevea and Bactris in southeastern Brazil
Soil Fertility Energy and nitrogen cycling in shelterbelts and wheat fields in Poland are
Soil Fertility Millet and peanut growth improved under Cordyla pinnata canopy compa
Biophysical research Millet and peanut grain yield decreased nearer to Cordyla pinnata trees in
Biophysical research Maximum radiation use effiency of Euterpe palms planted under cacao, l
Policy, AF Adoption Advocates the Clean Development Mechanism as a way to attract invest
Water quality, soil fertility In silvopasture systems of oak, walnut, and pecan with orchardgrass in A
Policy Presents examples showing how AF can respond to environmental probl
Biophysical research Overall yield of several crops was greater in alley cropping vs control in n
Carbon sequestration, adoption, policy Poor quality tree seedlings in private nurseries in Uttar Pradesh, India, li
Biodiversity, food security Phaseolus beans were planted on under-used space in apple orchards in
Adoption, Rural Livelihood Policy and institutional recommendations are made for developing agrofo
Decision Support Tool Landsat photos were used to estimate volume of rubber tree stands in M
Project description Litter production and decomposition rates were measured for 10 hardwo
Carbon sequestration, soil fertility This study measured the amount of carbon sequestered in Gmelina arbo
Indigenous people A description of the current state of shifting cultivation among the Karen
Land management A study in the Ukraine estimated that windbreaks could reduce soil loss t
GIS, Decision Support Tool Growth of young walnut trees in Arkansas, USA, varies with depth of wat
AF System design A eucaltyptus/rice/soybean/pasture agrosilvopasture system in Minas Ge
water issue, biophysical interactions Root density and soil moisture were measured in buffer strips of grass pl
Policy, land management A Central American study of shaded coffee showed that shade decrease
Decision Support Tool, Policy An analysis of parameter sparse and parameter rich agroforesty models
Policy This paper reviews ICRAF data on smallholder agroforestry systems' abi
adoption, land management A study of intercropping Cordia dodecandra with Bixa orellana in Yucatan
Biophysical research Midwestern USA walnut alley cropping management is limited to those p
Biophysical research Response of cotton to shade in pecan alley cropping system in Florida U
Biophysical research Root morphology of cotton in pecan alley cropping system in Florida; pre
Land management Contour hedgerows of Calliandra, Leucaena, and grass reduced soil loss
Land management To recover coal mine spoils in the Ukraine, trials are underway using Rob
soil and land management In low rainfall Ukrainian steppes, shelterbelts improve snow accumulation
Economic analysis A spreadsheet-based partial budgeting tool was used to compare eight A
Adoption, participation Awareness of AF was low among fuelwood-short women's self help grou
extension Farmers surveyed in Zambia and Malawi indicated that declining soil fert
adoption, extension Proposes creation of State designated AF districts in the Amazon area th
adoption, extension Describes a collaboration between AF schools, institutions, and farmers
extension The authors believe local customs and beliefs hinder AF development in
Policy Financial return and risk of AF practices were analyzed using several tec
Land management A mechanical forest mulching machine is being tested to replace slash a
adoption, Povertry alleviation Eighteen East African women headed households were studied to under
Adoption Discusses the balance that should exist between the economic returns to
Policy Questions the effect of AF on land tenure in light of administrative decen
Adoption Historical data was used to predict black walnut (Juglans nigra) yield from
decision support tool Models household decisions of subsistence farmers in Cameroon regard
Policy, adoption Local knowledge of preferred tree species in central Philippines should b
Policy An economic evaluation of the marketable and non-market value of a for
Policy A study of the economic value of NTFPs and their relative importance to
Policy, land management Reports on attempts to scale up AF promoted in Claveria, Philippines by
Adoption There are many AF systems, both recent and traditional, practiced in the
Adoption Discusses the rapid changes in AF systems in the eastern Ghats, India,
Policy A new emphasis on local participation guides analysis of agroforestry de
Land management, biodiversity, trees on farm A survey of three villages in Laos reports on the characteristics of landho
Land tenure, land management, policy In the plains and hills of eastern Nepal peoples' attitudes toward tree gro
community participation, technology development Describes an AF project in the Philippines funded by the Korean Governm
Decision support tool, species selection A database of 260 AF trees used in south India was created based on lo
adoption, land management through AF AF systems used as part of a watershed resource protection and develop
role of woman in food production A case study describes the socioeconomic role of rural Nepali women in
Rural enterprise The authors argue that provision of business development services to ru
Silvopasture Highlights the steps to establish silvopasture in the Philippines
adoption A review of the past 30 years of forestry in Cuba, including agroforestry,
Policy and Insttitutions A study of forest product markets in Kenya notes the discrepancy betwee
GIS, Modeling Land use models developed to predict the type of cattle production (dairy
extension, policy, capacity builiding Authors report on three cases where AF practices were adopted on a lar
extension, policy, capacity builiding Describes the types of JICA-sponsored natural resource conservation an
extension A Peace Corps official from Ecuador advocates small scale agroforestry
Policy Argues that the current interest in teak living fences in Venezuela should
land management Calls for improved management of silvopasture on state-owned rangelan
Decision support tool, silvopastoral Five AF economic models for systems in Europe, Australia, and New Zea
Decision support tool, policy Biophysical and economic models were developed to predict the impact
Decision support tool, scaling up, silvopasture Describes the process of developing an economic analysis model of AF
role of woman in food production and AF adoption A study analyzes the role of women In AF transformation in the Himalyas
Tree Farm, adoption, policy Poplar is an important and production tree species used in AF systems in
adoption Conflicting and institutionally dispersed forest policy is a disincentive for a
Policy Benefit cost ratio is calculated for AF projects impact on soil conservation
Adoption, Lending institution Describes the AF investments and promotion activities and constraints o
Adoption A survey of small farmers in the Brazilian Amazon reveals that as financi
Extension, AF education Three AF extension efforts in Cuba, Panama, and Mexico have increase
adoption Discusses the potential of portable motor driven tools for pruning AF prac
Discusses indigenous AF systems in Bangladesh; notes they need impro
Understanding Farming system approaches, Indigenous practices
Compares monetary return of traditional production from six forest types
integrated land management, indigenous species production
Biodiversity, environmental protection Changing international markets and environmental problems are driving
land management, adoption AF practices are being used to protect sugar cane production and the en
People empowerment Describes lessons learned during the transition to community control ove
NGOs role in AF promotion A survey of NGO approaches to scaling up AF outreach programs in dev
small scale AF adoption, income diversification Reviews data on cultivar selection, marketing, costs and returns to variou
community-based forest management through AF A report on the success of communty based tourism in supplying encom
Exotic to combat desertification
adoption, reforestation through the use of indigenous speciesplants are being tried in Kuwait for phytoremediation of oil-contam
adoption, environmental issues Discusses the need for having an Indian national agroforestry policy inde
policy, environmental protection issues New and diverse economic exploitation of forest resources previously un
environmental protection In Ukraine, a program places shelterbelts according to landscape positio
allelophaty, vermitechnology Worm farming adds value to AF systems of eucalyptus, poplar, and leuc
Adoption The obsolete legal framework that inhibits adoption of AF in Himachal Pr
Rural livelihood Discusses AF issues that could respond to womens' labor and resource
Local AF knowledge In Eastern Zambia researchers are attempting to link farmers' observatio
A in AF adoption
People empowerment, institutional incentives, subsidies subisidy program encourages farmers to plant and retain Faidherbia an
capacity building Zambian farmers use a study circle approach used in Sweden for 150 ye
A new in AF
technological innovations in AF, High value timber productionsystem of high pruning is used in Chile to produce high quality wa
extension, adoption, environmental amerlioration ICRAF trains farmers to disseminate enriched fallow practices in Zambia
extension, on-farm research Farmer to farmer exchange visits are effective in spreading enriched fallo
AF research expansion)
Planting trees around poultry farms (new innovative in Reports on the institutional and technical developments involved with pla
land management Traditional AF practiced by the Lacandon Maya in Chiapas, Mexico mimi
Forest loss in Gujarat, India is attributed to poor food security and agricu
land ownership privitization for environmental protection
AF system design, modeling Models were designed to maximize the discounted net revenues by varyi
adoption Forest policy in Kerala, India, needs to change in order to favor the cultiv
Economic and ecological benefits of AF system AF systems of coconut, breadfruit, and pandanus need scientific develop
Invasive weeds control through AF approraches Describes research on the use of endangered native plants in Hawaii AF
Tree on farm, policy Eucalyptus woodlots provide better financial returns than other farm activ
adoption, extension Author gives some opinions regarding the causes of deforestation in Cen
small scale production Success of small scale forestry in South Africa depends on reforming for
multistory system Farmers in Cameroon have detailed knowledge of the ecological function
adoption An education effort is needed to promote tree planting in the savannah/fo
AF as as natural resource management tool Describes how AF fits into and benefits natural resource management in
adoption A survey was done of Terminalia superba AF practices in the Congo
Economic analysis, rural livelihood Availability of technical assistance and strong community organization we
gender issues AF adoption was studied by gender in southeastern Nigeria
Biodiversity, environmental protection Loss of biodiversity due to forest exploitation and poaching, inadequate f
ethnography An ethnographic study is planned to determine how indigenous ecologica
economic analysis, adoption Nigerian rainforest farmers were surveyed regarding their food productio
intercropping system A study in the northern savanna of Nigeria showed that relaying Crotalari
People participation in project development Forest and agriculturala land use patterns in southern Cameroon are des
environmental protection Rainforest protection policies in Mexico, Costa Rica, and Brazil are analy
Certification, Forest Stewardhsip The authors note that certification systems that promote sustainable fore
women in AF research activities A synthesis of ICRAF's AF gender studies in 12 African countires; wome
land tenure effects on AF adoption, gender issues A synthesis of land tenure and tree planting in Africa; in general the custo
adoption, policy, extension Growing Gliricidia under coconut as a biofuel is apparently economically
economic analysis An economic policy analysis of hedgerow intercropping in Claviera, Philip
Extension A survey of farmers in Claviera, Philippines shows that high relative price
Biodiversity, multistrata system Farmers in northern Thailand use their own knowledge to manage tree c
D
Micro-enterprise, policy, Agro-Environment Productivity escribes an agroforestry microfinance project in Guimaras, Philippines
adoption Notes that AF programs are usually technology driven and should be mo
adoption, land tenure, capacity building Propotion of AF by the Government of the Philippines is restricted to one
AF system design Studies of AF practices based on Gmelina, Populus, and Prospopis in th
adoption A benefit-cost study of farmers farming practices in Karnataka, India, rea
extension In two communities of Quintana Roo, Mexico, differing politics and institu
Tree Domestication Reviews agroforestry research of the All India Coordinated Research Pro
adoption, Indigenous people in AF research External impact and increasing population pressure is disrupting tradition
People empowerment Poverty in rural India should be addressed by increased attention to rural
AF system design, adoption A study in Claviera, Philippines seeks to understand factors influencing A
Decision Support Tool, GIS, adoption, policy GIS maps of the potential suitable sites for Leucaena leucocephala and E
community participation This paper seeks to understand how to integrate diverse opinions the co
community participation Shorea robusta-based AF program in Bangladesh was found to have pos
AF product marketting A marketing study in Haryana, India, gives several policy recommendatio
Community Forestry, Sustainable Forest ManagementA German-funded project in Gambia supports government policy of parti
intercropping system An economic evaluation of a mahogany-lime plantation in Venezuela find
Rural livelihood, environmenal protection A survey of agroforestry practices and lessons learned in upland northern
Local knowledge in relation to AF management Reports on the traditional AF practices in the Cagayan Valley, Philippines
Recreation An economic model indicates that the presence of trees on ranchlands in
Adoption A discussion of the current state of agroforestry and forestry in shouth As
small-scale AF adoption There are needs to incorporate mechanisation into AF operations on hills
people empowerment, policy It is necessary to combine knowledge systems at all levels from local to s
farm market A study of the relationship between marketing systems for farm forestry p
Scaling up AF benefits, adoption, Technology transfer A description of the spread and influence of AF program funded by the W
Public-private partnership for AF product promotion, Cocoa based AF systems in West and Central Africa went through a diffi
Local knowledge in relation to AF management Farmers in Chiapas, Mexico, keep a wide variety of shade trees and shru
Private and land-ower partnership in AF activities Eucalyptus rows grown in western Australia did not show a profit to the fa
The authors find that percentile rank to compare shade tolerance of grou
Forage production, percentile rank approach to evaluate forage shade tolerance
Policy Authors document the multiple benefits of AF practices in India to the far
Changing social pressures and economics have endangered traditional A
Local knowledge in relation to AF promotion and adoption
Policy, adoption, biodiversity conservation A study tracks the changes in NTFP harvest and cultivation near a biodiv
women in AF activities, extension No significant relationship was found between household gender rights o
Carbon sequestration, adoption, policy A Gliricidia/maize modelling study of how Australian landholder decisions
gender issues, policy Introduction of orange culture into the hill cropping systems of Nepal incr
women in AF activities Bean stake production in AF systems in Rwanda had a positive impact o
Community participation Very large areas of northern China are planted with shelterbelts to protec
Silvopasture, policy, environmental protection Modelling is used to forecast the effects of policy options on the adoption
Commercial AF, food security, policy Incorporation of native fruit and legume species into AF systems in the n
INGO collaborations, capacity building, extension A training program in Nigeria run by two international NGOs teaches you
adoption, local knowledge, local farmers perceptions A survey of farmers in Malawi and Zambia revealed their agricultural con
Acacia
multipurpose tree species, food security, trees for AF system nilotica progenies were tested in semi-arid India
A
Apiforestry (bee-keeping) in AF system, rural livelihood study of honey farmers in semi-arid Kenya revealed that 80% of farme
AF distance education A Web-based agroforestry course for undergraduates was developed at
adoption, multistory farming system A discussion of the promise of multistory farming systems to restore the
Economic analysis Land equivalent ratio was used to evaluate the efficiency of three AF sys
Economic analysis Three AF systems were tested for appropriate species combination and
AF education, extension A system of AF technology transfer was developed in Tunisia where rain
Developing AF curriculum, extension An AF education development project run by Oregon State University, US
capacity building Farmer participation is the key to AF training programs in the Philippines
AF adoption An analysis of low adoption of soil enrichment technologies in maize grow
curriculum development A new BS degree in applied agroforestry was begun in French at the Uni
Fallow system A comparison of nitrogen leaching after treatments of unfertilized maize a
Fallow system Gliricidia-based fallows in eastern Zambia are established more quickly b
Fallow system In Zambia, planted tree fallows increased topsoil N and maize yield vs no
Fallow system Tree fallows increased maize yield by storing more soil water and improv
Silvopasture In northeastern Brazil, managing coppice of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia by a
AF in parkland system Results of a farmer survey regarding tree use and preferences in two reg
Potentials tree for AF system Raising an endangered tree, Garcinia gummigutta, seedlings in a nurser
economic analysis, fallow system A survey of households in semi urban central Senegal estimated that wo
Policy, adoption An AF decision support system joins GIS data on several counties in Flo
AF in savanah system A survey of the chemical composition and populations of native tree spec
AF system research Fertilizing pine/hay AF systems in Arkansas, USA resulted in increased in
adoption, policy A discussion of possible ways to improve soil fertility management in a re
biodiversity A study of the Dehesa system in Spain suggests a conflict between prac
AF system research Four legumes in mixed and monocropped fallow systems were compare
intercropping system Intercropping trials of four tree species and two crops in semi-arid subtro
Agri-horti-pastoral system, food production Growing intercrops under mango in Andhra Pradesh, India, was beneficia
Exotic species potentials for Shelterbelts Trials of tree species used in Ukranian shelterbelts is discussed; continu
Animal production Potential grazing/browsing competition between two native and two dome
Parkland system Eritrean traditional parkland AF system is described and research needs
Fallow system ICRAFs efforts to understand the positive and negative effects of/on inse
small-scale AF adoption A private landowner in Haryana, India, described his pioneering efforts in
potential of exotic species in AF Techniques were developed to distinguish Prosopis juliflora from P pallid
Fallow system The effect of 13 green manure treatments and chemical fertilizer on swe
local knowledge, extension Indigenous AF systems in South Africa are described and assessed in re
curriculum development The issue of educating AF students in a one semester course by introduc
Fallow system An analysis of coppiced fallows from three regions of subhumid Africa is
extension, adoption Reviews AF education in India, and applies lessons learned from forestry
species selection for AFS Discusses the depletion of soil nutrients in rubber plantations vs forest in
capacity building Development of AF techniques for semiarid Andhra Pradesh, India rema
curriculum development Reports on a survey of AF education in Africa sent out to 19 institutions i
farming system sustainability Coconut AF systems in Vanuatu appear to mainting soil organic matter le
curriculum development, extension A discussion of the state of AF education in the Philippines and the place
local knowledge Documents the traditional use of organic fertilizers by smallholders in the
AF system design, AF system research, adoption A small privately owned AF farmer school was established in eastern Tha
AF system research Indicators of soil fertility were selected to observe soil quality under vario
adoption The Agroforestry Outreach Initiative is a collaboration between the Assoc
waste water management Economic implications and tree growth are presented from trials of comm
curriculum development, extension Responding to a lack of qualified AF technicians, several AF degree prog
Alley cropping Alley cropping sytems appear to be showing positive results in soil fertility
adoption Describes the adoption of soil fertility improvement methods using legum
AF system research Acacia and leucaena foliage was mixed with maize to make silage; feed
AF system research Leafing phenology (deciduous vs semi-deciduous vs evergreen) were co
AF system research The appropriate proportion of Senna singueana green manure and straw
AF system research Above and below-ground biomass of Acacia mearnsii and Panicum max
Adoption, policy An overview of AF in Australia and a description of a new online universit
AF system research In western Tanzania it was found that green manure from woodlots shou
Fallow system Fallowing with Acacia angustissima and Sesbania sesban in Zimbabwe r
curriculum development extension, policy Agroforestry training in Uganda has changed as government policy towar
technology transfer Termites constrain establishment of AF technologies in the savanna regi
species selection for AFS A study of soil properties in Gmelina arborea plantations in southwestern
policy Production of gum arabic decreased in Sudan after a severe drought in 1
AF system research Intercropping with Leucaena in Kenya had a positive effect on vegetable
Hybrid poplar Hybrid poplar shows promise for semi-arid temperate zones; trials to sele
watershed protection Soil loss increased with rainwater runoff in coffee AF systems in Mexico
curriculum development, extension The level of AF education in Africa is inadequate to meet the demand of
species selection for AFS Several tree species in silvopasture configurations were tested in New Ze
Scaling up AF benefits, policy A model of land tax reform successfully used to promote AF on abandon
local knowledge Case studies are presented about local soil ecological knowledge and of
paradigm shift AF education The College of Forestry and Natural Resources at the Univeristy of the P
adoption AF systems based on mango developed in semi-arid India have increase
Tree-crop interaction In Albizia julibrissin - maize non-irrigated alley cropping in Georgia, USA,
agroforestry curriculum The undergraduate AF course at the University of Melbourne, Australia, i
Gov and NGO partnership Describes the Australian Master Tree Grower Program as a successful o
Indigenous and exotic species Preliminary results are reported from a trial of three fodder shrub species
ruminat nutrition Flour made from the fruit of three leguminous trees in arid Mexico was fo
nutrional value A study in dry tropical Mexico concluded that the best height for Leucaen
soil management Residues of seven annual and tree crops were tested for base cations an
AF system survey The government program of AF research in Senegal is described
adoption Ideal characteristics of AF systems for semi-arid India are discussed
AF as an engineering tool for environmental protectionEngineered solutions to land degradation in the Himalayan foothills of Ind
Modeling AF practices are designed using a water balance model in Tamil Nadu, I
intercropping system Land equivalent ratio was used to evaluate AF systems with bambou in T
adoption Alley cropping trials in Haiti compared N-fixing trees, pruning regimes, fe
soil fertility Land use systems incorporating trees had better soil characteristics than
adoption Advocates maintaining the ecosystem and socioeconomic functions of en
soil quality assessment Proposes the use of soil reflectance spectroscopy to make rapid and less
adoption The history and breadth of the AF education program at the University of
extension, adoption The Center for Subtropical Agroforestry at the University of Florida, USA
extension, adoption, capacity building An NGO in Cameroon describes objectives for an AF education program
NTFP (novelties) The actual and potential importance of several gum and aromatic resin p
Multipurpose native species In response to the spread of monoculture agriculture and livestock produ
adoption The author notes the trend away from prescribing pre-conceived AF pack
capacity building The evolution of AF education in India is described
waterlogging Several tree species are being evaluated in Haryana, India, for use in dra
AF system design Based on the probability of rainfall and on soil type in Tamil Nadu, India,
Gov and NGO partnership The institutional history of AF in the Philippines is documented
adoption An NGO operates an education center and demonstration sites to repres
soil fertility issues Soil analysis of silvopasture plots under Pinus taeda was used as a tool f
Multipurpose native species The effect of farmers' deliberately leaving scattered Cordia africana trees
rural livelihood The use and economics of the Doum palm in Maradi, Niger, is significan
Improved fallow The effects of old cocao agroforests on soil chemical properties in the so
Food security ICRAF's work on developing Miombo indigenous fruit trees as commerci
cover crops Because short rotation woody crops in northeastern USA require herbicid
biodiversity Research-developed AF technologies tend to be much simpler than tradi
Economic valuation Growing poplar in a mechanized system for biomass production in northe
Economic valuation, mechanization Four poplar cutting planting machines were tested in northern Italy
species selection The process of progeny and provenance testing and seed orchard produ
Exotic species The advantages and disadvantages of exotic trees introduced to India ar
pest and diseases The presence of more trees in AF associations in the East African landsc
species selection In dryland annual cropping regions of Australia where salinity is a serious
phytoremediation Experiments in Illinois and Florida, USA, reveal that eucalyptus, poplar, a
bio-fuel A discussion of the potential for oil bearing plants to be used in AF for the
Landcare approach On-farm AF demonstration plots are being used in the cropping and cattl
belowground dynamics Rooted planting stock of poplar was found to produce more roots at the e
silvopasture In Tunisia, 13 woody browse species were tested for forage quality with a
silvopasture Studies of goats browsing on Mimosa julibrissin in Alabama, USA, indica
silvopasture At the University of Hawaii, USA, breeding work with Leucaena has resul
mushroom in AF system Production methodology experiments for several mushroom species at th
mushroom in AF system The effects of log species, type of spawn, log felling time, timing of innoc
adoption Patterns of land use and AF technology development and implementatio
adoption Attempts are being made to improve on established coconut AF practice
species selection A reforestation program using several native species on degraded karst
species selection Motivations and choice of speices of smallholder tree nursery operators i
species selection, tree and market Marketing chains were studied for trees produced on farm in the cotton z
species for soil conservation Growth and yield of Indigofera zillingeriana, an N-fixing tree from SE Asia
domestication Domestication of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) in South and Central Am
domestication The genetic variation and population structure of Bactris gasipaes in sma
buffezone management This study examines the assumptions underlying proposals to decrease
silvopasture Managing the trees in grazed forestland in Minnesota, USA, tripled forag
tree improvement, economic analysis An ecomonic study of the value of Dalbergia sissoo seed improvement in
biodiversity, tree and component management A study of neem (Azadirachta indica) across India showed a wide genetic
Sylvan system, species selection A study of Tabebuia rosa in Venezuela
Food security, rural livelihood, species selection Seven species of native fruit tree in South Africa were selected and studi
Mircoorganisms in AF Pot studies were done in Finland to study the effect of beneficial bacteria
Ginseng production Preliminary results are reported from a trial of organic vs commercial fun
intercropping system, economic analysis Production and economics of an intercopping system of Populus, waterm
intercropping system In South Africa, four fodder trees did not compete for soil water with inter
Forage production Although maize yield in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, decreased in the ye
modeling A modelling study of "dendrometrial parameters" of Isoberlinia spp in Ben
cropping system A discussion of annual crop shortfalls and water use in Jammu & Kashm
MPTS Forage quality and local uses of three potential silvopasture trees (Albizia
MPTS The uses of many native and exotic tree species used in silvopasture sys
food security A study of Phaseolus bean rhizobium genetic diversity in the Philippines
AF description Coffee farmers in Nicaragua operating complex AF systems were taught
species selection Rooting patterns of cuttings and biochemical changes in 6 AF trees in Ind
live fences Composition and productive roles of live fences were studied in four land
AF system research Biodiversity in several types of pasture dominated Nicaraguan and Costa
biodiversity Pinus radiata silvopasture planted in New Zealand in the 1970s reduced
species selection A new species of betel nut palm having potential as an AF component wa
homegarden A descriptive and financial study of homegardens was done in Chittagon
homegarden, rural livelihood A descriptive and gender role study looked at the socioeconomic impact
Policy, modeling, adoption Farmer decision making behavior and rational regarding tree cover in Nic
adoption A study of the productive and service roles of trees in four landscapes do
silvopasture Farmers perception of the nutritive value of fodder trees in Chiapas, Mex
policy Possible ways of protecting farmers' intellectual property rights over AF t
homegarden The role of Ailanthus tryphysa in Kerala, India, homegardens is discusse
allelophathy Highely concentrated acqueous solutions of Leucaena leaf extract and so
species selection Biomass and and energy yield of seven trees used in AF associations in
economic analysis, biodiversity Poplar AF sytems in Punjab, India are diverse, economically interesting,
species selection Distribution patterns at various scales of two scarce plants in the UK wer
AF system evaluation Coconut AF systems in Vanuatu were characterized using a zonal mapp
soil conservation, degraded pastures An AF project in northwestern Rio de Janiero, Brazil, planted and is mon
forage production A eucalyptus based silvopasture system using three forage grasses in R
Riparian buffers The ability and mechanisms of several forage grasses used in riparian bu
managing genetic diversity A discussion of how several genetic analysis tools could be useful in dev
capacity building, extension, adoption A study of upland farmers in southern Leyte, Philippines revealed that the
Shelterbelts, decision support tool A model is being built that calculates the costs and benefits of shelterbel
decision support tool The authors propose the need for developing AF systems in primary and
forest mapping and inventory Methods need to be developed for mapping and assessing AF systems o
economic analysis, propagation method Propagation methods were compared for Trichanthera gigantea, a valua
propagation method Hormone treatment of Morus alba cuttings increased the number of leaf
biodiversity conservation Genetic variation in Prunus africana populations in five African countries
medical plants, food plants, biodiversity A particiatory survey was conducted in Moroto forest reserve in northeas
biodiversity A discussion of eucalyptus planting by farmers in south-central Ethiopia n
Food security Phenology, density, population structure, and fruit production of four nativ
sustainable land management, biodiversity A project is proposed that establishes a transect to monitor and diagnose
MPTS The many uses and medicinal beliefs about Sclerocarya birrea scattered
MPTS Irvingia gabonensis fruits were collected in central and southern Camero
MPTS Seed germination treatements for Irvingia gabonensis were tested in Cam
AF system research Remaining Pinus taeda trees increased their stem diamter by 20% 20 mo
AF system research An experiment to determine the stocking rate for meat goats in a Pinus ta
Food security, biodiversity, indigenous species Variety trials for Ziziphus mauritiana in peri-urban Burkina Faso were und
Food security, biodiversity, indigenous species There is potential for the promotion of Parkia biglobosa as a component
Indigenous species, tree domestication A multipurpose tree, Syzygium cumini, is thought to have AF potential in
indigenous species, extension Several potentials and constraints for the spread of Myrciaria dubia (Cam
adoption Rubber AF systems in Indonesia are evolving in a new socioeconomic co
silvopasture The response of grazed Dactylis glomerata to sheep urine patches was m
Biophysical research Leaves of Dactylis glomerata in New Zealand responded to reductions in
Biophysical research (physiology) The physiological responses of Dactylis glomerata leaves in New Zealan
adoption, extension A survey of farmers in Leyte, Philippines, revealed that tenurial insecurity
adoption, extension Farmers in Andhra Pradesh, India, grow Leucaena leucocephala becaus
adoption Physic nut (Jatropha curcas) oil content in the seed in India ranged from
extension, adoption The structure and content of home gardens near a regulated forest in Sr
biodiversity conservation, extension An effort will be made to domesticate trees in southwestern Sri Lanks tha
Farmers in Amhara, Ethiopia, develop watershed rehabilitation plans in w
watershed rehabilitation, traditional indigenous knowledge
Research and development A discussion of how research and development in agroforestry has infom
Riparian buffers Riparian agroforestry systems in Australia are discussed in light of their p
crisis in coffee production The decline in world coffee prices has made coffee culture untenable for
managing genetic diversity Farmer tree planting projects often experience limited access to good qu
policy Leaving seed trees in logged forests of peninsular Malaysia has not prov
adoption, AF best management practices A discussion of smallholder Gmelina arborea AF practices in Mindanao,
intercropping Satisfactory production was obtained from an AF system of mahogany an
policy, extension, indigenous species This paper argues that more emphasis should be placed on developing A
Allelopathy, biophysical research Brassica plants were adversely affected by shade from mango and citrus
MPTS Pulp quality characteristics and bioamass production of Robinia pseudoa
potential species fo AF Population structure of Euterpe edulis was studied with respect to positio
provenance A wide genetic variability in the characteristics of Acacia catechu were di
timber production Wood inventory information by species, as well as market information is
policy, adoption Research emphasis has been mainly on the cacao component of AF sys
species selection Superior clones of eucalyptus have been developed by a private compan
environmental protection Short rotation woody crops have been planted in agricultural lands of Sou
potential species for AF A treatment with linseed oil improved durability and strength of Eucalyptu
taungya Nutrient cycling measurements during the intercropping period of teak ta
environmental degradation Short rotation oil rich eucalyptus species are being tested in western Aus
adoption, particpatory approach The procedures used by villages in Cameroon and Nigeria to domesticat
extension, intercropping Interplanting paper mulberry with eucalyptus, teak, and banana in Thailan
intercropping Poplar diameter was greater in sole cropping vs intercropped with wheat
soil fertility issues The presence of poplar in AF systems in northwest India add nutrients th
AF adoption A survey of traditional AF sytems in Turkey found examples of all catego
novelties The author advocates the use of temperate bambou species in AF syste
Improved fallow There is potential to manage a natural regeneration of the timber tree Gu
application of cultural practices Poplar trial results show it to be a possible candidate for providing fiber to
AF system research It is felt that short rotation woody crops included in windbreaks and ripari
alleycropping, soil fertility issues Describes ongoing testing of soil characteristics as two kinds of forage g
tree-crop system Results of a farmer survey regarding agricultural practices and preferenc
assessment of planting stock quality Tests of potting mix used in tree nurseries in Oromia, Ethiopia, show tha
Tree arrangements in AF system A review of windbreak structure, species used, and spacing in Liaoning,
AF adoption, improved fallow
widely, AF needs to respond
ncrease site productivity, sequester C, improve living standards and social equity
d security and conserve biodiversity
trol erosion need to be integrated with food production systems
rs to meet both economic and biodiversty goals
shifting cultivation to the conservation of biodiversity should concentrate on the landscape level
yland tree-dominated Africa; dominant use and multiple uses should balance in the landscape
dentify complementarities between trees and farms, promote tree biodiversity thru existing practices
ation of AF practices and develop methods to value carbon sequestered
uxes and storage under AF; models critical for C credit schemes under JI/CDM projects
ganic C in tropical forest ecosystems
potential to increase C-seq via diret storage, soil conservation, and decreased pressure on natural forests
ions where trees in widely spaced linear strips vs intercropping or silvopasture--must understand ecology to make the later two work
ached to large scale modelling of AF needed to design systems
cies to create stable shelterbelts at local and landscape scale
ts have been variable
d narrow landowner participation characterize North American AF
action with landowners, demonstration sites, and development of extension and training tools
easing complexity of farms with AF or losing crop land to trees; innovative case studies presented
iews success of their use as extension tool in Australia
sion material, market research
entered research and extension, farmer-developed technical options, institutional strengthening, strategic partnerships
ee planting on farm is one of the least planned activities in AF
nt constrain spread of AF in developing nations; some promising developments cited
rom domesticated trees as Agroforestry Tree Products (AFTPs)
local conditions
nt discharge into Yellow River has been reduced about 19% using a variety of measures
d NPSP in streams draining most agricultural landscapes
of waste water and bioremediation
and identify potential areas for silvopasture
o household livelihood; adoption of AF to mitigate Peten deforestation
aints include lack of capital and tree crop inputs
al resource use, regulation, protection
management and institutional support for AF
us trees increased livestock productivity, soil fertility, and fuel production; increased labor for women
wood to forest industry and increase rural income through integrated tree-crop systems
about 65% of its renewable natural resources by 2020
pine uplands as case studies for lessons and insights
stimated economic value to farmers
aize, finger millet, and various trees
tigate impact of weather abnormalities, food production
old income and food security; market infrastructure is poor, fruit quality and yield is low
rich and poor farmers; AF generally beneficial
m governement intervention
AF adoption in the surveyed area
od; looked at coping strategies, by gender
earch center in Venezuela
in the Cerrados
le; discusses potential of AF to better livelihood
ber can benefit rural community
ecurity and financial capital formation
lantations; discuss associated AF crops
ability of farming methods
nt Cameroon; suggests ex-situ conservation via AF
opasture compared to open pasture
and focus groups effective in increasing adoption of AF in Karnataka
ective in promoting AF practices
be brought into AF to decrease pressure on forests
ecological and socio-economic problems
landscape relationships and stakeholder participation
several tree species
ction as a way to reclaim degraded jhum land
of MPTs based on regulatory mechanisms
wood self-sufficiency
in Malaysia since 1987
ess to adopt AF
hows promise
/AIDS on Miombo woodland and contrariwise
es contemplated in Bangladesh to reduce pressure on forest and increase farm productivity
ey crops; growth and yield pattern
nologies show promise in western Kenya
s of exotic species vs Dalbergia sissoo and unsheltered
n northwest India AF system
te income, provide beneficial food and medicinal properties, mitigate drought, and reduce on-farm labor of families affected by HIV/AIDS
% of farmer revenues
se AF adoption
ping mechanisms
plar management practices
sidy and field profit margin
fertility, animal survival
ffecting adoption
sess farmer criteria for evaluating AF systems and how their values affect adoption and management
ponsored AF activities; notes impacts were positive
on with farmer participation
us of women in rural India through design of NTFP and fuel production systems
project in Haiti; advocates tree distribution and farmer tree planting as an economic decision that may have environmental benefits as a by-pr
mall-farmer marketable surplus and welfare; advocates providing seedlings, credit, and information
s) and local agroforestry planning shows potential for increasing rural food security
owledge in Bangladesh; this system is economically important to farmers
omise for use in maize alley cropping
in decline due to inadequate inputs, policy, technical knowledge, and unfavorable markets; rural-urban migration increases
reas are valued by local people but are managed poorly and require study by researchers and policy makers
g mountain region leads to conflicts between economic development and environmental protection
ences in the relative importance of farmer and plot characteristics across regions
mpact on agriculture and food security
and is resulting in higher farmer income, crop diversity, crop production, and soil fertility
roduction for income generation in Northern Ireland, Falkland Islands, and Tierra de Fuego
re among limited resource farmers in the southeastern US
endangers old growth mangroves; AF options are discussed
ation, subisidized trees, good markets, secure land tenure, and credit to increase agroforestry adoption
binary AF adoption data and are evaluated; parametric methods are favored
sis on 32; authors find preferences and resource endowment variables are most often used, but adoption is most likely to be influenced by ris
finds found AF technologies were adopted but not on a scale large enough to affect food security
roject allows landless farmers to raise agricultural and tree crops and share profits from final tree harvest
onserves biodiversity to the benefit of local people in Bangladesh
d AF in Andhra Pradesh India; adoption is widespread, revenue greater than for annual cropping
by advanced farmers in Philippines
patory AF project in the canal zone of Panama
using chemical inputs in the Philippines is decribed
Yemen; authors find potential income from AF to be highest
gladesh is described; authors recommend improvement
oduction in leucaena hedgerows (vs no fertilizer) in the Phillipines, decreases chances of runoff
onmental and forest product needs in light of high population and low-input rainfed farming
ction is promoted in Mali; adoption constraints are discussed
n successful in northern India due to species choice and markets
olicy in Uganda; indigenous AF practices are listed, possible improvements discussed
actice result in shortfalls in wood production in Uttar Pradesh, India
USA; a landowner survey reveals that perceptions differ regarding riparian buffer compatibility with farming practices, government programs
ractices in India, since AF will be needed to meet increased agricultural output goals on a diminishing land base
distinct types of landowners requiring separate extension approaches and materials to promote AF
r natual resource management on public land from national to local government has increased input of local people and led to new initiatives
associations on farms and marginal lands in response to their scarcity, market demand, and desire of farmers
s in response to land degradation due to population increases in northeast India; studies of hedgerow species, impact on erosion, crop produ
and social forestry systems in Java
the current rainy season monocropping/dry season fallow were done for southern India
uthor says research on this subject inadequate
ndia; genetic work has produced good results but price declines have discouraged farmers from planting it
commendations of extension and development workers fit the socio-cultural reality of Pacific Island farmers
search in central Amazonia, researchers recommend that projects concentrate on N-fixing tree species and organic matter management
V/AIDS, especially labor shortfalls; recommends a review process for development projects and policies
important grain production areas in northeast China from soil erosion and desertification
courage farmers to include trees in their cropping systems; interest is focused in the forest fringe area
utheast USA indicates about half of them would value AF training
ces in post-genocide Rwanda
eda agroforestry systems in southern USA; tree configurations are recommended and basic economic information provided
ucation, and training project in Kerala, India, is described
f trees and shrubs on farms in Nepal are presented
al analysis, and soil organic matter contribution of tree species tested on farms in northwestern Bangladesh
adapts to increasing aridity by decreasing stomatal size and increasing stomatal density
ome consumption is strong but commercial exploitation is low, and there is a trend toward fruit tree homegarden systems
nciples of EARUP, a consortium of east African universities studying land use options in the Lake Victoria basin
Philippines biodiversity protected area management; AF lessons were learned
t under 50% teak cover; applications of neem cake controlled nematodes best
nduras improves food security by increasing soil water and soil stability; adoption level is high
elop land use systems in degraded pastures
oringa oleifera in the US Virgin Islands was reduced vs monocropping for most species
ee systems is important to rural household income
; wood and palm heart extraction are most important economically
medicinal plants, AF systems under poplar, eucalyptus, and fruit orchards are studied in the Gangetic plain
mposting as potential inputs to AF systems are considered in Maharashtra, India
guava as a temperate AF species in USA.
palachian USA silvopasture systems optimized cool-season forage production
ocrop control than in alley cropping systems in UK; AF system diversity may have limited the density of carabids
value of biodiversity in a Philippine forest reserve
eased AF plots in a Philippine forest reserve
ed in areas with and without living fences in the Atlantic wet forest of Costa Rica; results show living fences improve connectivity
cherry and walnut nutrient uptake in southwestern France
oducts in their effectiveness to control aphidson cabbage; one of the plants was fairly effective.
pecies representing different canopy levels in Sri Lankan homegardens
ite used against witches broom in cacao are compared
al small farmers who cultivate rare plant species
o restore perennial forage grasses in Arizona, USA
as done in Uzbekistan
arks to create income for local residents and decrease pressure on the parks
e cacao producing area of the Brazilian Atlantic forest; used for land-use planning
alley cropping systems of five tree species in midwestern USA
homegardens where fish and coconut are important in Kerala, India
escribed based on a survey of homesteads
ependency of Indian poplar AF systems on chemical insecticides
Nepal seeks to develop a practical inventory method for medicinal and aromatic plants
in Chiapas, Mexico shows a decline in productive efficiency and natural resources for reasons outside the contol of farmers
n Kerala, India, homegardens
in India and advocates organic AF systems as an alternative
rian, a medicinal plant of the western Himalayas, to ensure adequate levels of the active constituent
al plants in AF systems in the Himalayas
ealth in Morinda-Hevea AF systems in Malaysia
or coffee AF systems in Chiapas, Mexico as part of a regional conservation strategy
have similar structure to forest, but have lower plant and mammal diversity; AF has higher diversity than alternative land-use systems
s, in New Guinea AF systems
management research
nd Panama appear to be important in defense against pathogens
le indigenous to the Chilean Andes regarding Aracaria araucana with a view to developing native management plans
versity, and contribution to farmer income of homegardens is declining while population is increasing
southeast Nigeria
d aromatic plants in central India is inadequate due to lack of information; a survey attempts to provide it
ore efficient in the southeastern USA because it provides a source on on-site mulch and favorable insect habitat
and other aspects of Scutellaria species are being investigated in Georgia, USA
Algerian plantations
e areas of Sulawesi, Indonesia; soil fertility, ethnicity, garden size/age, and market access influenced the variation
tic plants in Haryana, India
studied under three canopy densities in Kerala, India; yield did not vary between treatments
production and effect on maize yield in Costa Rican humid tropics; no difference between tree species, the alley crop total output surpassed t
a tested three species diversity hypotheses
be compatible with biodiversity and the protective role of trees
er trees in the Bangladesh flood plains; most used for feeding sheep and goats during the rainy season and for supporting climbing plants, bu
in Bangladesh; discusses linkages between diversity and sustainability
groforestry from prehistory to modern times
vealed that smaller gardens were managed more intensively than larger commercially-oriented homegardens; based on NPV a low risk was
cies in Kenya are discussed
livelihood in the Mt. Kenya region of Kenya
ana reserves is serious; AF might be a way to decrease fire incidence
sed to study medicinal and aromatic plants in the Indian Western Himalayas
s shows variation by management unit; more diversity is found in pastureland than in units close to the villages
candidate for alley cropping, except at wide tree spacing or before substantial shading occurs
erences; AF has potential to contribute to national development
rtility in Spanish dehesa regions of Spain were studied
region that began with windbreaks; women increased farm yields and improved biodiversity
d in three regions of Ghana
y cropping system in the US Virgin Islands was slightly less than the monocrop during early stage of tree growth
AF system using inputs of "shisham" leaves in India
escribed as sustainable
out were observed in Central America; the silvopature farms were more profitable
knowledge of trees, this is not linked to scientific knowledge but needs to be considered in developing a tree domestication program
orporate threatened medicinal plants in Bangladesh
ng field perimeters in south Florida, USA, as a rodent control measure to replace chemical rodenticides
e commercially valuable medicinal plants in the northern Appalachian region of the eastern USA were studied
more plant biodiversity and greater natural regeneration in fields having living hedges than those that did not
re studied in two cacao AF systems in Amazonian Para, Brazil
ystems in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, is presented
plant species in the eastern Himalyas; government policy is an obstacle
ee if sufficient ground cover and product diversity in AF systems would decrease exploitation of adjacent protected areas
own to reduce weeds and soil pests in maize fields in southern Africa
und agricultural fields has become very popular in the wheat and rice producing regions of northern India
r the last 25 years in Indian AF systems is discussed.
s species in India were studied
cultivate medicinal and aromatic plants in AF associations in Jammu and Kashmir, India
hows promise in the Philippines
ardens in the Western Ghats, south India
natural enemies in black walnut/alfalfa alley cropping systems vs traditional agriculture in Missouri, USA.
having been sprayed with a liquid preparation made from leaves of two tree species, compared to six other tree species and plain water con
rns of American ginseng, and an attempt to respond to the market with "simulated-wild ginseng" cultivation
dia on vegetative propagation of wild populations of medicinal plants whose seed is difficult to germinate; incorporation into AF systems is th
alysis, rather than neo-classical economics, to tropical homegardens
notypic variation of Bunicum persicum, a potential medicinal herb in the northwestern Himalayas
a concludes that environmentally benign forms of AF will be replaced by monoculture systems such as oil palm unless rewards for environm
mponents of homegardens in the Anadaman and Nicobar Islands, India; technological interventions resulted in increased output
veral innovative silvopasture combinations are being practiced; organic production is common
s and ravines in a forest reserve in the Ecuadorian dry tropical forest create wildlife corridors and promote regeneration
eas impacted by Hurricane Mitch in western Nicaragua
ored more carbon than did sole-cropped barley over 13 years in southern Ontario, Canada
esearch data to allow analysis on several computer platforms
ed in India for use by multiple clients
ponents of six AF and land use systems in the Peruvian Amazon
cy's Law, and exponential decay of soil organic matter to AF systems
od populations
of N in soil water in an alley cropping system with cotton compared to control eliminating the tree roots, in northern Florida, USA
storing carbon in American tropical forests
soil organic carbon held in a subsoil horizon among several land-use systems (native forest, rubber plantation, pasture, annual cropping) in th
ed in France and Indonesia to study AF systems
ludes that the price of carbon would have to increase significantly if rural communities are to benefit from carbon sequestration projects
zn cacao plantations were tested in greenhouses for their response to varying light levels; they varied in their growth respons but are sensitiv
reported from a study of converting pine stands to silvopasture with two basal areas
of six tree species was studied in west Bengal, India; best bean performance was obtained in Albizzia lebbeck alleys
of Vitellaria and Parkia in Burkina Faso parkland systems; associated crop yields were reduced by water limitations
ze improved the system yield compared to sole or mixed annual cropping in highland Guatemala
her organizations are working to develop AF solutions to mitigate problems at the urban rural interface in the Kansas City region
s to describe AF interactions
es of poplar-based AF systems along a salinity gradient in northern India
es to enforced reverse phonology was studied in Nigeria, Malawi, and Kenya; in some spp pruning during the wet season caused roots to cha
nd loblolly pine differed in its diurnal nutritional properties from open pasture in the mid-south USA
value of orchardgrass and tall fescue in alley crops of shortleaf and loblolly pine vs open pasture concludes that producers consider planting
d to biodiversity and carbon sequestration
to hardwood tree plantations in the 1990s, but many of those failed; AF tree associations based on local tradition may prove more successfu
na populations in Albizia julibrissin and Alnus rubra alley cropping systems in Georgia, USA, were compared
mix of tree species produced more maize than systems using a single tree species
orophyll and carotene of Quercus robur in Romania
ly to light availability in Manaus, Brazil
ree species was studied in the highlands of Sri Lanka; resource competition reduced tea yield in many cases
aize yields in sloping lands of Sri Lanka
and warm season grasses in subtropical Brazil showed beef wieght gain not affected by tree density or forage species, but tree production w
in silvopasture of three tree species in karst areas of Arkansas, USA
he HiSAFE model for simulating competitive and facilitative mechanisms in European AF systems
FE simulation model is dicussed
e was improved by innoculation with halophytic mycorrhizae in saline soils of Senegal
ndicates that Robinia pseudoacacia silvopasture systems provide adequate levels of forage production and additional income generating pro
ryland Australia causes salinity; sequestering carbon could be profitable for farmers and reduce salinity, dependion on carbon price and tree
a, based on the density of residual tree seedlings only
illage development committees in Pujab, India
trient uptake by coconut was not affected by the presence or absence of interplanted hardwood trees, nor by soil fertility along a gradient
acia appears to be a good production practice on mine spoils in central Europe
measuring the ability of windbreaks to reduce spray drift and transgenic pollen movement in Ohio, USA
s contributed more to root carbon buildup than to soil carbon buildup, due to high root mass and fast carbon turnover
eral N export in coffee harvest and a higher level of nitrate N in soil water than did coffee grown under Eucalyptus deglupta in southern Costa
ity of planting 3-5 year tree rotations followed by agricultural crops as a way of desalinize the soil
climate data to estimate where agroforestry could profitably be used to increase biodiversity and decrease soil salinization in southern Austra
on N use by crops and ruminants in southern Africa; discussess farmer strategies based on the review
w and poplar were studied in Germany as a way of supplying biofuels and at the same time satisfying local social, economic, and ecological r
sured in three ages of cacao plantation in Ghana
ared as an alternative to conventional pipe outlet terraces in Alabama, USA; terrace and switchgrass were most effective in limiting sedimen
d in Senegal; stump carbon noted as the most stable component
zzia julibrissin alley cropping decreased maize yield in an abundant rainfall year
resources in a traditional Morus-wheat agroforestry system in the western Himalayas of India
he goal of carbon sequestration and use in AF systems are being done in three Congo basin countries
herb components of five citrus base AF systems and pasture were measured in Veracruz, Mexico
and root-free soil volume for developing coconut-based AF systems in Vanuatu
esented for several southeast Asian countries; in general AF systems about half the carbon stocks of natural tropical forests, but more than
establishment in several EU countries are discussed
carbon by AF systems do not provide long term storage; new management alternatives that address this are discussed
ee AF systems in Uganda successfully distinguished different systems; implications for management are discussed
to coconut AF systems in Melanesia; five different systems could be identified
e stakeholder preferences in a Botswanan forest reserve
ting soil and water conservation technologies worldwide is presented
ustralia; salinization in arid areas requires tree planting which is currently not commercially viable; solutions are sought
e intercropping systems was compared to grass fallow in Malawi; AF had less carbon in surface layers but more carbon in deeper soil layers
ear period in Mato Grosso Brazil; an increase in IRR was shown if farmers received carbon payments
measured with respect to weeding regime and soil fertility in Rondinia, Brazil
iagrass silvopasture appears to remove more phosphorus from the soil profile than open pasture; it holds promise to reduce non-point sourc
stissima and maize in Zimbabwe revealed that two week pruning frequency was better than three weeks
roved soil characteristics and water conservation compared to maize only, but this improvement declined with tillage after fallow termination
status and Ps rates were higher than forest, especially in the dry season, but this only resulted in improved crop yield in less fertile soils
opical Erythrina alley cropping system vs temperate poplar alley cropping, tropical soil carbon pool was smaller due to faster turnover rate
n the Philippines; one to evaluate sustainability and the other to evaluate suitability
ms and policy that will increase adoption in Europe
osed on developing countries by current application of LULUCF
ts and in Oxisols in three land use system of the Brazilian Amazon leads to a recommendation regarding the type of analytic procedure that s
s vs maize monocropping in the Philippines, however the risk associated with tree culture was higher; policy recommendations are made to r
s suggests limited success of projects and low farmer input; lessons from several projects are analyzed
bers to gather data and evaluate AF projects
n sequestered in Philippine AF systems
vement compontent, are found to be economically viable in India
d in subtropical India
sted in alley cropping systems in Sri Lanka
alley cropping (with and without trenched roots) and open grown cotton was compared in Florida, USA
suitable for AF using five tree species were identified and their environmental benefits to society identified
maple and poplar alleys mainly due to light competition in southern Ontario, Canada; maple and maize competed more vigorously than did po
hade lost more water per unit of radiation than did those under full sun
actris in southeastern Brazil was measured; less than 50% light caused growth reduction and decreased LAI
nd wheat fields in Poland are discussed
rdyla pinnata canopy compared to twice the crown distance away in Senegal parklands
er to Cordyla pinnata trees in Senegal parkland; but peanut biomass decreased with increasing distance from pruned trees
palms planted under cacao, leucaena, and rubber trees in Brazil increased and moved to higher irradiance with increasing age
sm as a way to attract investment in AF; presents some case studies
pecan with orchardgrass in Arkansas, USA, nitrate concentrations in soil water were greater in areas where inorganic fertilizer was applied vs
pond to environmental problems
alley cropping vs control in northern Sudan, although relative yield varied with respect to alley position
es in Uttar Pradesh, India, limit AF planting and tree productivity; the market exists but the technology needs to be extended
ed space in apple orchards in the western highlands of Guatemala; bean yield varied with bean variety, apple yield was not affected
e made for developing agroforestry in Bulgaria
me of rubber tree stands in Malaysia
ere measured for 10 hardwood trees in Tamil Nadu, India
sequestered in Gmelina arborea components growing on degraded lateritic soil in central India
ultivation among the Karen people in a region of Myanmar
eaks could reduce soil loss to .5 t/ha/yr
SA, varies with depth of water table
pasture system in Minas Gerais, Brazil, fixed 12% more carbon than eucalyptus monoculture after 11 years
ed in buffer strips of grass planted with three kinds of oak with soybean as the alley crop in Missouri, USA; root densities were much greater
showed that shade decreased coffee productivity by 20-40%, but resulted in higher quality coffee that might compensate by higher selling pric
eter rich agroforesty models in Europe
der agroforestry systems' ability to mitigate climate change
with Bixa orellana in Yucatan, Mexico
gement is limited to those practices that allow high value veneer production; maize yield in the alleys responded to tree root cutting and bran
cropping system in Florida USA was measured
pping system in Florida; preliminary results show no changes among treatments
, and grass reduced soil loss 60 to 80% in four years in the Congo-Nile highlands
rials are underway using Robina pseudoacacia and barley planted on flatened spoils cones where river silt was applied
improve snow accumulation and soil water such that .4 to .5 more tons of grain per hectare are produced vs without shelterbelts
was used to compare eight AF systems to agriculture in dryland Australia
short women's self help groups in Ghana, but women could identify potential niches for it; these are described
icated that declining soil fertility and unavailability of fertilizer were the greatest perceived constraints; farmers judged potential AF practices b
stricts in the Amazon area that would coordinate research, projects, and other land-use issues
ls, institutions, and farmers in the Philippines that strengthens capacity to do community development through AF
s hinder AF development in northern Ghana
e analyzed using several techniques in the western Amazon region of Brazil
ing tested to replace slash and burn agriculture in the eastern Amazon of Brazil
holds were studied to understand variations in farming system design and the impacts of the farming systems on the physical, cultural, and s
ween the economic returns to the practicing farmer and the benefits to the wider society
light of administrative decentralization in the groundnut basin of Senegal
nut (Juglans nigra) yield from DBH; data from at least 2 consecutive years was needed for a reasonable prediction
farmers in Cameroon regarding choice of location for shifting cultivation
central Philippines should be stored and lead to development of on-farm selection and production systems
nd non-market value of a forest reserve in the Philippines
d their relative importance to households in a forest reserve in the Phillipines; wildlife products and fodder were the most important
d in Claveria, Philippines by the Landcare program; concludes that a balance between community, local government, and external actors wil
d traditional, practiced in the eastern Himalayas, India, that depend on extensive local knowledge for their success
in the eastern Ghats, India, brought about by market and political forces
s analysis of agroforestry development projects in Tunisia; a case study is presented that was used to define local indicators of sustainability
the characteristics of landholding that favor various kinds of tree planting
es' attitudes toward tree growing are influenced by markets for tree products, household socioeconomic conditions, and government policies
nded by the Korean Government; local communal participation is emphsized
dia was created based on local knowledge
ource protection and development plan has contributed to agricultural production policy in India
ole of rural Nepali women in agriculture and farm forestry
development services to rural eco-enterprises should be shared by NGOs and for-profit organizations in a way that allows each to play to its
in the Philippines
uba, including agroforestry, with an emphasis on economics and international trade
otes the discrepancy between the legal and actual market exchange procedures and suggests that these can be reconciled by including loca
pe of cattle production (dairy vs beef) and intensification of cattle production in Costa Rica
ctices were adopted on a large scale in Africa and Asia; key elements and strategies are discussed
ral resource conservation and agroforestry projects in Asia, Africa, and Latin America
tes small scale agroforestry projects; presents case studies
fences in Venezuela should be supported by a government sponsored program of tree improvement, production, and marketing
ure on state-owned rangeland in Spain; discusses a methodology for economic analysis of the system
rope, Australia, and New Zealand are compared and discussed
eloped to predict the impact of introducing AF at the plot, farm, and regional scale in Europe; results suggest increased subsidies would mak
nomic analysis model of AF for Europe
ansformation in the Himalyas, India; recommends introduction of high-yielding grass, beekeeping, and organizing womens' groups
pecies used in AF systems in the north and northwest of India
t policy is a disincentive for agroforestry development in the Himalya region of India; a coherent policy is recommended
s impact on soil conservation in the south basin watershed of Lake Managua, Nicaragua
n activities and constraints of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development in Mumbai, India
mazon reveals that as financial and technical assistance become available more farmers switch from shifting cultivation and pasture developm
a, and Mexico have increased goat and cattle production by subsituting grain concentrates with fodder trees in improved pastures
ven tools for pruning AF practices with a view to tincreasing economic output and farmer adoption
desh; notes they need improvement and dissemination
duction from six forest types to forest farming of American ginseng in Pennsylvania, USA
mental problems are driving coffee production in Colombia towards AF systems of mixed crops
cane production and the environment, and supplement farmer income in upper watersheds in Colombia
on to community control over forest resources in northeast Namibia
AF outreach programs in developing and developed countries; critical elements are discussed
g, costs and returns to various specialty woody crops produced in AF systems in the Midwest and great plains, USA
tourism in supplying encome and forest products to people near Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal
ytoremediation of oil-contaminated soils and to rehabilitate deserts
onal agroforestry policy independent of the existing ones for agriculture and forestry
rest resources previously under traditional systems in East Africa require new policies regarding institutional arrangements, and resource ten
cording to landscape position and economic potential; shelterbelts are expected to begin producing positive effects beginning the fifth year a
eucalyptus, poplar, and leucaena in Chandigarh, India
doption of AF in Himachal Pradesh, India, should be updated
womens' labor and resource difficulties in Himachal Pradesh, India
ng to link farmers' observations regarding AF tree characteristics to analytic tests in order to make species selection more efficient
lant and retain Faidherbia and Prosopis in the savannah area of Cameroon
h used in Sweden for 150 years to learn about AF
e to produce high quality walnut logs
d fallow practices in Zambia
ve in spreading enriched fallow practices in Zambia
velopments involved with planting trees around poultry farms near the urban interface to address envirnonmental and social problems in Dela
aya in Chiapas, Mexico mimics forest succession; a study compares soil fauna of this system to that of non-traditional practices
oor food security and agricultual production, lack of education, and politics; suggests converting unauthorized cultivation into private forests o
ounted net revenues by varying the combination of trees, pasture, and cattle on three types of farms in Costa Rica over 20 years
ge in order to favor the cultivation, in agroforestry systems, of high-value endangered medicinal plants
anus need scientific development to play a development role in the Marshall Islands
d native plants in Hawaii AF system to combat invasive species and to increase economic return to landowners
returns than other farm activities in south-central Ethiopia; constraints to greater adoption include higher status of food crops, long wait to firs
auses of deforestation in Central Africa
ca depends on reforming forestry institutions and this will take time
dge of the ecological functions of a large number of tree species found in multistrata cacao systems
e planting in the savannah/forest interface in Cameroon
ral resource management in Australia
F practices in the Congo
g community organization were important factors for AF adoption in Mindanao, Philippines
eastern Nigeria
and poaching, inadequate forest management, and stakeholder underrepresentation in policy are important challenges to the forestry secto
ne how indigenous ecological knowledge is used to make decisions about AF practices
egarding their food production efficiency; results indicate that farmlands have degraded, that land, labor, and fertilizer are positively correlated
howed that relaying Crotalaria juncea into maize gave a higher economic return compared to sole maize
southern Cameroon are described
ta Rica, and Brazil are analyzed and compared to the original goals and objectives of their creators
hat promote sustainable forestry and agriculture do not directly address agroforestry; certain certification principles might contribute to scaling
12 African countires; women are behind men in marketed tree products, the best ways to reach women with AF information and benefits are
n Africa; in general the customary land tenure systems do not inhibit tree planting and management at household level, but there are problem
l is apparently economically feasible in Sri Lanka; factors potentially affecting adoption are considered
ercropping in Claviera, Philippines that incorporates the value of reducing soil erosion shows support for government subsidy of the system
shows that high relative price variability compared to short term cash crops deters tree planting
knowledge to manage tree cover and cattle to maintain appropriate flora in multistrata tea systems because it improves the quality and quant
ect in Guimaras, Philippines
gy driven and should be more participatory and focus on "good governance" of AF farms so long term benefits to the farmer and governmen
hilippines is restricted to one department and is seen as applicable only on hillslopes in certain ecozones; this paper proposes modifications
Populus, and Prospopis in three regions of differing rainfall in India revealed tree-crop competition and unfulfilled potential of AF to alleviate p
ices in Karnataka, India, reavealed that millet farming with fruit trees to be a "superior" practice
o, differing politics and institutional motives produced distinctive extension efforts that led to different levels of biodiversity and pest infestation
a Coordinated Research Project on Agroforestry carried out at 37 centers since 1983
essure is disrupting traditional land tenure patterms in the Marshall Islands at a time when increased productivity is needed for development
y increased attention to rural development, grouping landholdings for production, new practices and marketing efforts, and community-based
erstand factors influencing AF adoption and whether or not the adopted practices provide optimal economic returns to farmers
eucaena leucocephala and Eucalyptus camaldulensis agroforestry in Andhra Pradesh, India, were made to scale up adoption
rate diverse opinions the conditions needed to support AF adoption in Australia to combate soil salinization
adesh was found to have postivie impacts on poverty, in part due to its participatory nature
everal policy recommendations regarding poplar-based AF systems
s government policy of participatory development in community forests delineated from unsurveyed state forests and in state forests with the
plantation in Venezuela finds a positive benefit/cost
ns learned in upland northern Philippines
Cagayan Valley, Philippines
nce of trees on ranchlands in Florida would have a positive impact on revenues from hunting
stry and forestry in shouth Asia
on into AF operations on hillsides in developing nations
ms at all levels from local to scientific and institutional to arrive at optimal solutions
g systems for farm forestry products and the level of adoption of farm forestry in Uttar Pradesh, India; farm forestry has potential to produce
AF program funded by the World Bank in India
al Africa went through a difficult period as prices declined in the 1980s; this paper discusses new efforts to strenthen them
riety of shade trees and shrubs in their coffee plantations because they know their various functions and value them
did not show a profit to the farmer because of the reduction in crop space and the resulting reduction in soil salinity did not compensate for th
pare shade tolerance of ground covers across several experiments may work to rank species with large groups or cultivars within species
F practices in India to the farmer and the society, and look for intra-village compensating mechanisms
ave endangered traditional AF practices on the Marshall Islands, but the people have begun to re-establish the old systems
and cultivation near a biodiversity conservation area in Laos; the fallow period has decreased from 38 to 5 or fewer years since 1950
n household gender rights over trees and planting trees
stralian landholder decisions that impact on N and C stocks will be affected by proces of outputs and inputs
pping systems of Nepal increased income but had a negative effect on income distribution
anda had a positive impact on womens welfare
ed with shelterbelts to protect fragile agricultural ecosystems; work is now being done to develop an effective landscape-scale rotational man
olicy options on the adoption of silvopasture to address environmental and economic problems in Florida, USA
ies into AF systems in the northern Bolivian Amazon has increased peasant income, but the system needs support to help it grow and becom
rnational NGOs teaches young people AF techniques in the field and has a follow up program
evealed their agricultural constraints and preferences for specific AF techniques; farmers had short, medium, and long-term preferences that
revealed that 80% of farmers practiced apiculture but poor marketing structures is seen as limiting its application as an AF practice
graduates was developed at the University of Florida, USA
ming systems to restore the landscape in upland Philippines
he efficiency of three AF systems in Rondonia, Brazil
te species combination and production in Rondonia, Brazil
eloped in Tunisia where rainy season was supplemented with irrigation
Oregon State University, USA with two universities in South Africa is described
programs in the Philippines
nt technologies in maize growing regions of sub-Saharan Africa indicates that for adoption to increase farmers will need simultaneous access
s begun in French at the University of Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
ments of unfertilized maize and fallows of Acacia and Sesbania in Zimbabwe revealed that under high rainfall conditions mineral N accumula
e established more quickly by potted and bare-root seedlings, and off-season cutting of tree fallow produced better maize yields than did cut
psoil N and maize yield vs no-tree unfertilized controls; coppicing trees produced better results than non-coppicing trees
g more soil water and improved soil properties in Zambia
Mimosa caesalpiniifolia by allowing only one, two, or three stems to re-grow after cutting produced more woody and forage biomass than by
e and preferences in two regions of Mali are reported
igutta, seedlings in a nursery with added nutrients and enriched CO2 produced from compost proved to be effective in increasing the rate of
l Senegal estimated that wood produced by planted fallows could respond to the fuelwood shortage and potentially provides more household
a on several counties in Florida, USA with a tree and shrub database so that landowners and extensionists can make AF design decisions
opulations of native tree species in northern Nigeria savannah found several species having suitable characteristics for use as green manure
USA resulted in increased infestation of insect pests, possibly due to calcium deficiency or imbalance
l fertility management in a region of Cameroon
ests a conflict between practices that favor biodiversity and those that favor long-term persistence of the holm oak trees
llow systems were compared in western Kenya; there were some negative effects due to mixing the species but these were compensated fo
wo crops in semi-arid subtropical India overall perfomance was best with Acacia nilotica followed by Dalbergia sissoo
Pradesh, India, was beneficial in young and medium-aged orchards, but not in mature ones
erbelts is discussed; continued testing of exotic species is recommended
een two native and two domestic ungulates in Indian desert biome was studied; few competitive overlaps were found
scribed and research needs discussed
d negative effects of/on insect populations associated with introducing AF trees in the landscape are discussed
ibed his pioneering efforts in poplar AF, which is now a major contributor to the regional economy
rosopis juliflora from P pallida; implications for AF discussed
nd chemical fertilizer on sweet potato production was studied in southeastern Nigeria
escribed and assessed in response to increased governement support for AF; farmers use of AF is constrained by land area, extension ass
semester course by introducing a broad range of topic or by teachinga few topics in-depth is presented
egions of subhumid Africa is presented, with observations regarding how this technology could be made more attractive to farmers
essons learned from forestry education as the importance of community forestry grew
bber plantations vs forest in Kerala, India
Andhra Pradesh, India remained on the station; a program using NGOs as an intermediary between researchers and farmers is revealing im
a sent out to 19 institutions in 10 countries; findings are discussed
mainting soil organic matter level; non-AF coconut systems showed a slight decrease
he Philippines and the placement of graduates
ilizers by smallholders in the northern uplands of the Philippines
as established in eastern Thailand; the systems demonstrated on the farm and the learning processes between farm and farmer are describe
serve soil quality under various AF systems being promoted in Andhra Pradesh, India; results look favorable for Leucaena-based AF systems
aboration between the Association for Temperate Agroforestry and the National Center for Appropriate Technology, both based in USA; its o
resented from trials of community wastewater irrigation of tree plantations in Chihuahua, Mexico
ans, several AF degree programs have been established by various institutions in Bangladesh
positive results in soil fertility and crop production after 3 years of research in Bangladesh
ement methods using leguminous trees and other sources in Kenya; farmers were tracked following workshops
maize to make silage; feed characteristics were compared to traditional maize with the tree based silage appearing superior
uous vs evergreen) were compared by modelling in semi-arid Kenya; deciduous phenology decreased wate uptake in interception loss by tre
ana green manure and straw applied to maize in Morogoro, Tanzania, was determined
mearnsii and Panicum maximum were measured in a silvopasture system in southern Brazil
tion of a new online university level AF course
manure from woodlots should be supplemented with fertilizers to realize high short-term maize yields
bania sesban in Zimbabwe resulted in improved water infiltration rates, hydraulic conductivity, and water retention vs continuous maize
d as government policy towards extension has changed; these are discussed along with stakeholders needs
nologies in the savanna region of Nigeria, so extension programs should consider termite control along with other farmer constraints as AF is
plantations in southwestern Nigeria concludes that this species may be able to increase soil N, organic carbon, available P, exchangeable C
n after a severe drought in 1984
positive effect on vegetable and goat production
emperate zones; trials to select appropriate clones were begun in New Mexico, USA
offee AF systems in Mexico
uate to meet the demand of the population, but interest is increasing and programs are growing
ations were tested in New Zealand; all adversely affected pasture production so appropriate tree management for silvopasture will need to b
d to promote AF on abandoned agricultural lands in the Philippines is presented
ecological knowledge and of decision making within households in western Kenya
ces at the Univeristy of the Philippines adopted five change strategies to re-orient its AF program in response to current needs of sustainable
emi-arid India have increased farmer income and soil fertility
y cropping in Georgia, USA, results suggest that in drought years there is water competition; in non-drought years nutrient competition may n
sity of Melbourne, Australia, is taught from the point of view of satisfying the objectives of landowners
r Program as a successful outreach model
of three fodder shrub species intended for use in degraded arid rangelands in South Africa
s trees in arid Mexico was found to be suitable for feeding ruminants
the best height for Leucaena leucocephala to be used for grazing hair sheep was between 60 and 80 cm
re tested for base cations and alkalinity
Senegal is described
arid India are discussed
he Himalayan foothills of India are reported to have had positive effects on the ecosystem and economy
ance model in Tamil Nadu, India, that match available water to farmer interest
AF systems with bambou in Tamil Nadu, India
ng trees, pruning regimes, fertilizer application, and contour barriers; results indicate contour hedgerows of leucaena can sustain maize yield
etter soil characteristics than agricultural systems without them in semiarid Hyderabad, India
ocioeconomic functions of endangered dryland environments by adaptive management and developing the capacity of local people; AF may
scopy to make rapid and less expensive surveys of soil characteristics for large area assessment
program at the University of Wales, UK, is described
e University of Florida, USA, extension program is described
or an AF education program
al gum and aromatic resin producing trees to the people of arid and semi-arid Africa is described
riculture and livestock production in central Mexico with the resulting loss of native trees and shrubs having traditional utility, 90 multipurpose
ibing pre-conceived AF packages to farmers and toward supporting local initiatives that integrate trees into niches in farming systems over ti
Haryana, India, for use in draining waterlogged fields; several display characteristics that would be useful for this purpose
il type in Tamil Nadu, India, several AF tree/crop combinations are recommended
es is documented
demonstration sites to represent the possibilities of using AF as a way of conserving the Ecuadorian dry tropical forests
s taeda was used as a tool for pasture management in Florida, USA
attered Cordia africana trees in cropped fields and grazing areas was evaluated in western Oromia, Ethiopia; the soil under the tree canopies
n Maradi, Niger, is significant; farmers are protecting and planting it
chemical properties in the southern Cameroon rainforest about the same as those of long natural fallows and virgin forest; bulk density, howe
nous fruit trees as commercial crops in southern Africa is described; economic analysis, selection of farmer described tree and fruit characte
eastern USA require herbicides at planting and the soil is therefore exposed to erosion, cover crops are planted for the first year; lessons from
o be much simpler than traditional systems; this paper makes the case for managing for increased species and genetic diversity in AF system
biomass production in northern Italy shows a positive energy balance; the actual economics depends on policy and politics
ested in northern Italy
ting and seed orchard production of Dalbergia sissoo in nothern India is described
c trees introduced to India are discussed
ns in the East African landscape is associated with the spread of pests and diseases; this is discussed in the context of biodiversity
lia where salinity is a serious problem, work is being done to find native fast-growing perennials to use in AF associations
eal that eucalyptus, poplar, and willow species used for dendroremediation of contaminated soil and groundwater should ideally be locally ad
lants to be used in AF for the development of biofuels; testing plants, marketing, and extraction technologies will be necessary
sed in the cropping and cattle regions of northern Australia to develop ways of balancing the social need for trees in the landscape with farm
produce more roots at the end of the second season than non-rooted stock in Saskatchewan, Canada
ested for forage quality with and without the addition of polyethylene glycol and feed block; goats gained more weight with the additions
sin in Alabama, USA, indicate that goats tend to completely defoliate each limb before moving on; this eliminates the possibility of pasture ro
ork with Leucaena has resulted in superior forage and timber hybrids; cloning technology is advanced but tissue culture work that would allo
veral mushroom species at the University of Missour, USA, are discussed
g felling time, timing of innoculation, and forced fruiting technique of Shiitake mushrooms were tested in Missouri, USA
elopment and implementation in the Philippines are described in relation to national forestry and economic policy
blished coconut AF practices in the Philippines, especially on sloping land where erosion is a problem
species on degraded karst hills in central Philippines is described
older tree nursery operators in the southern Philippines were studied; there is high demand for local species but seeds and knowledge about
uced on farm in the cotton zone and the coffee zone in the Mount Kenya region
an N-fixing tree from SE Asia, is being studied in contour hedgerows in the Eastern Ghats, India
aes) in South and Central America both by small scale farmers in AF systems and by large scale businesses in monocrops, may narrow the g
e of Bactris gasipaes in small farm AF systems in Peru is studied to develop strategies for preserving diversity
ying proposals to decrease farmer intrusions into a biosphere reserve in Panama and Costa Rica by seeking to increase profitability of smal
innesota, USA, tripled forage yields after one year without changing protein or feed quality
sissoo seed improvement in Nepal shows that the projected gains in timber volume significantly exceed the costs of the program
India showed a wide genetic variation in several characteristics
rica were selected and studied for their potential to be used in a program aimed at improving nutrition and income for local communities
e effect of beneficial bacteria innoculation on pine and birch seedling growth; results were positive and this practice may improve establishme
of organic vs commercial fungicide on high-density bedded ginseng in North Carolina, USA
g system of Populus, watermelon, and a Brassica spp was studied in Mazandaran, Iran; the trees decreased the crop production but the ove
mpete for soil water with intercropped maize during years with good rainfall, but light competition reduced maize yield close to the trees
h Africa, decreased in the years following alley cropping with four tree species, the economic benefits to farmers would be favorable with this
ers" of Isoberlinia spp in Benin produced tables of stem numbers, basal area, and volume
ater use in Jammu & Kashmir, India
ial silvopasture trees (Albizia, Erythrina, Morus) were studied in Tabasco, Mexico; analysis indicated they were of higher quality as forage tha
cies used in silvopasture systems in the mountain region of Tabasco, Mexico, are discussed
c diversity in the Philippines
lex AF systems were taught to look quantitatively at the relative numbers of coffee trees, shade trees, amount of shade, and resulting econo
changes in 6 AF trees in Indian semi-arid tropics were studied in response to traeatment with auxins
ces were studied in four landscapes in Nicaragua and Costa Rica; the fences were usually of only 2 or three species, the main use was to de
nated Nicaraguan and Costa Rican landscapes was studied; the most biodiversity was found in the more forested areas and lesser in silvopa
aland in the 1970s reduced livestock performance and pasture productivity as the canopy closed; both positive and negative soil changes we
ntial as an AF component was discovered in Papua, New Guinea
dens was done in Chittagong, Bangladesh; productivity could be improved with more technical knowledge and good quality seeds
t the socioeconomic impact of homegardens in a region of Bangladesh
al regarding tree cover in Nicaragua and Costa Rica were recorded in the field and then modelled; results are discussed in the context of pol
f trees in four landscapes dominated by cattle raising in Nicaragua and Costa Rica
odder trees in Chiapas, Mexico, correlated well with the results of laboratory tests
ual property rights over AF tree products are discussed; current developed world methods for this may not be appropriate
a, homegardens is discussed
Leucaena leaf extract and soil under Leucaena trees inhibited germination and growth of wheat and soybean; lower concentrations stimulate
s used in AF associations in northeast India were measured
e, economically interesting, and increasing as new clones become available
scarce plants in the UK were studied by fractal analysis
cterized using a zonal mapping method
o, Brazil, planted and is monitoring and AF system that includes a riparian buffer and a silvopasture layout
ng three forage grasses in Rio de Janiero, Brazil, was tested for effects on beef cattle growth rate
e grasses used in riparian buffers to remove herbicides from surface runoff was measured in Missouri, USA
tools could be useful in developing tree domestication strategies
Philippines revealed that they learned tree conservation practices mainly from their own experience and from family members, however exte
ts and benefits of shelterbelts over time in the midwestern USA
g AF systems in primary and secondary forest along the agricultural frontier of the Brazilian Amazon
and assessing AF systems over large land areas; the authors discuss the issues involved with this
chanthera gigantea, a valuable multipurpose tree in Venezuela
creased the number of leaf buds; this may help to establish protein banks in Venezuela
ons in five African countries in the context of conservation and on-farm cultivation
to forest reserve in northeastern Uganda regarding the historical presence and use of medicinal and food plants; both have been decreasing
rs in south-central Ethiopia notes that any biodiversity effect attained is a by-product; farmers plant in response to cash and wood needs, an
d fruit production of four native trees in Cameroon were studied to determine their potential use in AF systems
sect to monitor and diagnose land use from the Monteverde Cloud forest on the continental divide to the Pacific coast of Costa Rica; activitie
Sclerocarya birrea scattered in South African farmlands should be tested for its potential commercial and industrial uses
entral and southern Cameroon and their morphology and quality described
bonensis were tested in Cameroon
stem diamter by 20% 20 months after the stand was thinned to allow for a silvopasture system to be implemented in Florida, USA
e for meat goats in a Pinus taeda silvopasture system in Florida, USA is described; goat silvopasture is of potential importance to limited reso
rban Burkina Faso were undertaken in response to farmer demand for larger fruits with better taste
biglobosa as a component of AF systems in rural Nigeria; constraints are discussed
ught to have AF potential in the Sindh region of Pakistan; there is some nursery experience and recommendations are given regarding grafti
ead of Myrciaria dubia (Camu camu) exist in the Peruvian Amazon floodplain: high vitamin C, market interest, and farmers' practice of planti
g in a new socioeconomic context; a CIRAD/ICRAF project is modeling farming systems to study different scenarios
o sheep urine patches was measured in New Zealand; increased dry matter was produced in urine patches, especially in spring
d responded to reductions in light by changing their height, leaf angle, leaf thickness, and leaf width
merata leaves in New Zealand varied in response to diffenent light conditions
ealed that tenurial insecurity and small farm size were the main constraints to planting more trees
caena leucocephala because of low returns to tradional crops, high wood demand, technical support and buyback arrangements with paper
e seed in India ranged from 29 to 50%, with little decrease over time; higher oil contents were found in areas with more rainfall
near a regulated forest in Sri Lanka are influenced by the legal status of the forest and permit system for timber harvest and transport
n southwestern Sri Lanks that are under pressure from the local population
shed rehabilitation plans in which trees play a very minor role due to their tendency to attract crop-eating birds and for other reasons known t
ent in agroforestry has infomed the discussion in Australia of how to introduce more trees into farm landscapes where the soil and water reso
e discussed in light of their potential to respond to degraded soil and water in agricultural landscapes and in the context of current natural res
coffee culture untenable for many small farmers in Guatemala; they have migrated to cities or removed shaded coffee systems to try other c
ce limited access to good quality seed; experience from Indonesia recommends including farmer seed orchard production of relatively high q
nsular Malaysia has not proven adequate for good stocking; enrichment planting seems promising but will require more research
a AF practices in Mindanao, Philippines, and the incentive programs used to begin them
n AF system of mahogany and papaya in Portuguesa State, Venezuela
ld be placed on developing AF systems with indigenous fruit trees by learning from farmer practices and developing marketing, transport, cre
hade from mango and citrus trees in Himachal Pradesh, India; there were some indications of allelopathic effects as well
oduction of Robinia pseudoacacia and Eucalyptus tereticornis were measured with respect to planting density in Himachal Pradesh, India
udied with respect to position in the landscape in the Atlantic forest of Bahia, Brazil; potential for use in AF systems discussed
s of Acacia catechu were discovered in Himachal Pradesh, India; one provenance was found suited to large scale AF systems
well as market information is required by the government of Jammu and Kashmir state, India, for planning purposes
cacao component of AF systems in southern Cameroon, but with the decline in cacao prices it is necessary to extend this to the other plants
veloped by a private company in Andhra Pradesh, India, and these have been widely planted
d in agricultural lands of Southwestern Australia to improve soil conditions and diversify income; trees did access deeper soil water than cro
ity and strength of Eucalyptus camaldulensis heartwood in India
tercropping period of teak taungya in Myanmar showed no change in soil carbon or exchangeable cations except an increase in K; there was
being tested in western Australia for their ability to provide economic returns from oil, activated charcoal, and electricity production as well as
on and Nigeria to domesticate indigenous fruit and medicinal trees are described as promoted by ICRAF; constraints, opportunities, and mark
, teak, and banana in Thailand revealed that the best production of biomass and inner bark (used for paper) was attained with teak
g vs intercropped with wheat in the Indo-Gangetic plain of India
thwest India add nutrients through litter such that less inorganic fertilizer is required as the trees age; nutrient loss of potasium was greatest
ound examples of all categories of practices
bambou species in AF systems in USA, climate zones 6 through 9
eration of the timber tree Guazuma crinita, which comes in after slash and burn agriculture in Amazonian floodplain forest, by thinning; this c
andidate for providing fiber to the forest industry, diversifying farm income, and responding to environmental commitments in Saskatchewan,
ded in windbreaks and riparian buffers enhances their productive and protective functions simulataneously
tics as two kinds of forage grass are established under a Pinus taeda silvopasture system
ural practices and preferences on St Croix, US Virgin Islands, are reported
Oromia, Ethiopia, show that mixes containing farm manure are suitable for non-leguminous species and those without farm manure are bes
ed, and spacing in Liaoning, China, guides their design, placement, and function in the landscape
y to make the later two work
c partnerships
of families affected by HIV/AIDS
ave environmental benefits as a by-product
migration increases
n is most likely to be influenced by risk, biophysical, and resource factors
ing practices, government programs
ocal people and led to new initiatives
pecies, impact on erosion, crop productivity, soil moisture, and cost:benefit have been done
and organic matter management
nformation provided
egarden systems
ces improve connectivity
he contol of farmers
n alternative land-use systems
gement plans
he alley crop total output surpassed the sole maize crop during the second season
and for supporting climbing plants, but "proper" management was not followed
rdens; based on NPV a low risk was associated with homegardens
tree domestication program
protected areas
ther tree species and plain water control
e; incorporation into AF systems is the goal
oil palm unless rewards for environmental services are provided
lted in increased output
te regeneration
n northern Florida, USA
tation, pasture, annual cropping) in the Brazilian Atlantic forest; this subsoil layer stored substantial amounts of soil organic carbon
m carbon sequestration projects
their growth respons but are sensitive to low light levels
bbeck alleys
the Kansas City region
g the wet season caused roots to change profiles to reach water in the dry season
udes that producers consider planting orchardgrass alone or mixed with tall fescue in pine alleys in the mid-south USA
l tradition may prove more successful
forage species, but tree production was reduced at lower tree density
and additional income generating products
dependion on carbon price and tree growth rate
or by soil fertility along a gradient
ucalyptus deglupta in southern Costa Rica
se soil salinization in southern Australia
al social, economic, and ecological requirements
ere most effective in limiting sediment and nutrient losses, followed by mimosa
atural tropical forests, but more than pasture or shifting cultivation
s are discussed
ons are sought
but more carbon in deeper soil layers than grass fallow
ds promise to reduce non-point source pollution
d with tillage after fallow termination
ved crop yield in less fertile soils
smaller due to faster turnover rate
g the type of analytic procedure that should be used
licy recommendations are made to reduce the risk
ompeted more vigorously than did poplar and soybeans
e from pruned trees
ce with increasing age
ere inorganic fertilizer was applied vs poultry litter; phosphorus concentration in soil water was not different, but P concentration in forage fro
eeds to be extended
apple yield was not affected
A; root densities were much greater in the buffer strips, but soil water after heavy rain was similar in buffer strips and cropped alleys
ght compensate by higher selling price
sponded to tree root cutting and branch pruning at various times
silt was applied
ed vs without shelterbelts
rmers judged potential AF practices based on several criteria, mainly how they fit farm management and ability to provide short term returns
stems on the physical, cultural, and socioeconomic environment
r were the most important
government, and external actors will be necessary and rapid scaling up will not be easy
efine local indicators of sustainability
conditions, and government policies; tree growing potential has not been fully realized
n a way that allows each to play to its strenghts
e can be reconciled by including local participation in resource management and use and by re-structuring the state forestry organization
oduction, and marketing
gest increased subsidies would make AF more attractive
rganizing womens' groups
recommended
ting cultivation and pasture development to more intensive AF practices
ees in improved pastures
onal arrangements, and resource tenure
tive effects beginning the fifth year and to repay the cost of putting them in by the ninth year
es selection more efficient
onmental and social problems in Delaware, USA
on-traditional practices
orized cultivation into private forests or agroforests
Costa Rica over 20 years
r status of food crops, long wait to first income, inadequate marketing, poor institutional support, and biophysical limitations
rtant challenges to the forestry sector in Gabon
and fertilizer are positively correlated, and that land-use intensity and family size are negatively correlated with efficiency
principles might contribute to scaling up agroforestry
with AF information and benefits are discussed
household level, but there are problems with small fragmented holdings and with womens' rights to plant trees
government subsidy of the system
use it improves the quality and quantity of tea harvest
enefits to the farmer and government are attained
s; this paper proposes modifications to policy that would provide broader support
nfulfilled potential of AF to alleviate poverty
els of biodiversity and pest infestation
oductivity is needed for development
keting efforts, and community-based decision-making
mic returns to farmers
e to scale up adoption
e forests and in state forests with the adjacent forest users; the idea is to develop strategies integrating livestock and crop production with su
rm forestry has potential to produce needed wood but the informal market is risky for farmers
to strenthen them
soil salinity did not compensate for this; however at high tree density the salinity reduction was economic to the government agency and justi
groups or cultivars within species
lish the old systems
o 5 or fewer years since 1950
ctive landscape-scale rotational management system so the protective function is sustained
eds support to help it grow and become sustainable
dium, and long-term preferences that governed their decisions
pplication as an AF practice
rmers will need simultaneous access to market information, technical knowledge, quality seeds, and credit
ainfall conditions mineral N accumulates at the onset of rains and leaches before the crop roots develop
uced better maize yields than did cutting at crop harvest; however farmers may prefer direct seeding Gliricidia due to cost
coppicing trees
woody and forage biomass than by letting all stems grow; two stems produced the best result
be effective in increasing the rate of biomass accumulation
potentially provides more household income than raising peanuts
ists can make AF design decisions
racteristics for use as green manure
holm oak trees
cies but these were compensated for by increased total biomass production
bergia sissoo
s were found
strained by land area, extension assistance, water, credit, and damage by vandals and animals
more attractive to farmers
earchers and farmers is revealing important extension lessons
etween farm and farmer are described
able for Leucaena-based AF systems
Technology, both based in USA; its objective is to increase AF adoption by developing region-specific information for landowners in the US an
e appearing superior
wate uptake in interception loss by trees, but increased crop water uptake, drainage, and evaporation
retention vs continuous maize
with other farmer constraints as AF is promoted
carbon, available P, exchangeable Ca, and CEC
ement for silvopasture will need to be developed to reduce competition
onse to current needs of sustainable forestry
ught years nutrient competition may not be important, possibly due to root die back
of leucaena can sustain maize yield at higher levels than other kinds of barriers and can reduce sediment loss
the capacity of local people; AF may play a role
ing traditional utility, 90 multipurpose native trees are being evaluated for use in AF systems
nto niches in farming systems over time
l for this purpose
tropical forests
opia; the soil under the tree canopies had reduced acidity and therefore more available phosphorus
s and virgin forest; bulk density, however, was greater under the cacao system
mer described tree and fruit characteristics, product development, and marketing are components
planted for the first year; lessons from orchard and vine crops were incorporated into this research
ies and genetic diversity in AF systems
policy and politics
n the context of biodiversity
n AF associations
undwater should ideally be locally adapted genotypes derived from tree improvement programs
ogies will be necessary
for trees in the landscape with farmers need to produce cash in the short term
more weight with the additions
eliminates the possibility of pasture rotation based on the degree of partial defoliation
ut tissue culture work that would allow international exchange of these hybrids is still not developed enough
Missouri, USA
cies but seeds and knowledge about production methods and how they fit into AF niches are scarce
sses in monocrops, may narrow the genetic base and endanger future selection; the balance between development and genetic improvemen
eking to increase profitability of smallholder cacao production
the costs of the program
nd income for local communities
his practice may improve establishment
ased the crop production but the overall income was greater
maize yield close to the trees
farmers would be favorable with this system because it provided winter forage, wood, and fruit
y were of higher quality as forage than the native and introduced grasses presently used
mount of shade, and resulting economic returns; this resulted in their adjusting their systems in a new way
hree species, the main use was to deliniate field boundaries and prevent livestock movement, secondary uses varied by household
e forested areas and lesser in silvopasture areas, although silvopasture was still able to conserve some biodiversity and was judged useful in
positive and negative soil changes were observed
ge and good quality seeds
ts are discussed in the context of policy designed to affect tree cover
not be appropriate
bean; lower concentrations stimulated it
d from family members, however exterior training sessions were attended by many and served to animate and encourage them in these prac
d plants; both have been decreasing and need to be domesticated to meet the needs of increasing population
sponse to cash and wood needs, and this is hampered by poor market infrastructure, top down planning by the goverment, and high emphas
Pacific coast of Costa Rica; activities would be undertaken to develop appropriate AF interventions that promote habitat patches and corrido
d industrial uses
plemented in Florida, USA
of potential importance to limited resource farmers in the southeastern USA
mendations are given regarding grafting techniques
terest, and farmers' practice of planting it with several other crops are points of interexst; lack of credit, marketing channels, geographic isola
hes, especially in spring
d buyback arrangements with paper mills, short rotation, and favorable policy; constraints include decline in productivity, excessive seed sett
areas with more rainfall
timber harvest and transport
birds and for other reasons known to farmers
scapes where the soil and water resources have been degraded
d in the context of current natural resource management policy
shaded coffee systems to try other crops, with a negative impact on the environment
rchard production of relatively high quality seed as an integral goal of such projects
ill require more research
developing marketing, transport, credit, and research; examples are given of two trees (Dacryodes edulis and Irvingia gabonensis) in Came
hic effects as well
ensity in Himachal Pradesh, India
AF systems discussed
arge scale AF systems
sary to extend this to the other plants in these associations; this study finds variations in them
id access deeper soil water than crops but there were also competitive interactions in some areas resulting in lower crop yields
ns except an increase in K; there was a decrease in soil carbon in the period after crop harvest and tree harvest thought to be due to frequen
l, and electricity production as well as to improve soil salinity in agricultural lands
; constraints, opportunities, and marketing are also discussed
per) was attained with teak
trient loss of potasium was greatest through harvest of crops and timber
n floodplain forest, by thinning; this could increase volume of wood and supply a local industry
ntal commitments in Saskatchewan, Canada
d those without farm manure are best for legumes
unts of soil organic carbon
mid-south USA
ent, but P concentration in forage from the litter area had a higher total P
fer strips and cropped alleys
d ability to provide short term returns
ng the state forestry organization
physical limitations
ed with efficiency
livestock and crop production with sustainable forestry
c to the government agency and justified subsidy payemts to the farmer
ricidia due to cost
ormation for landowners in the US and Canada
evelopment and genetic improvement is discussed
y uses varied by household
biodiversity and was judged useful in connectivity
e and encourage them in these practices
g by the goverment, and high emphasis on food crop production
promote habitat patches and corridors
marketing channels, geographic isolation, and extension methods are constraints
e in productivity, excessive seed setting, and leaf theft
lis and Irvingia gabonensis) in Cameroon and Nigeria
ing in lower crop yields
harvest thought to be due to frequent forest fires