8 ,
THURSDAY OcTObeR 20, 2011 THe cARRbORO ciTizen
VOTER GUIDE
Carrboro Mayor lyDia lavEllE Donna BEll
(incumbent, four years in office) (incumbent, two years in office)
One candidate is running unopposed.
neighborhood: Fox Meadow neighborhood: Northside
Mark Chilton occupation: Assistant professor, North Carolina occupation: Social worker
(incumbent, six years in office) Central University School of Law age: 40
neighborhood: Old Carrboro age: 50 Endorsements: Sierra Club, Orange County
occupation: Affordable housing development Endorsements: Sierra Club, Victory Fund, Democratic Party
Orange County Democratic Party I have been an active member of the Chapel
age: 41
Group/advisory Board memberships: Chair of the Transportation Hill community for over 10 years. During that time, I have watched
Endorsements: Sierra Club, Orange County our community struggle over many tough issues and policies. But
Advisory Committee of the Durham/Chapel Hill/Carrboro Metropolitan
Democratic Party even when there has been struggle or contention, there has also been
Planning Organization (TAC-MPO), Transit Partners Committee, BOA
Group/advisory Board memberships: Orange a strong desire to create a community to be proud of. I have 15 years
liaison to the Carrboro Planning Board, Chapel Hill/Orange County
County Solid Waste Planning Committee, Carrboro Greenways Commis- experience as a nonprofit leader and educator, listening and learning
Visitors Bureau Board of Directors, N.C. Association of Women At-
sion from communities to work with people to help solve problems and
torneys (NCAWA), Nominating Committee of NCAWA
I am running for reelection to continue helping Carrboro become Serving on the board of aldermen lets me combine my passion for build collective capacity. This is the role I want to continue to play on
a community that is less reliant on petroleum through building an service with my experience, interests and strengths. I love our vibrant the town council.
infrastructure and a culture that supports bicycling and pedestrian- community; I want to protect and improve the quality of life enjoyed
ism, expanding public transportation and limiting urban sprawl. At by our residents and continue to promote Carrboro’s interests region- auGustus Cho
the same time, I will continue to control the town›s budget to limit ally. neighborhood: Northwoods V
the impact of taxes on residents. We must diversify our tax base by If reelected, I will continue my local leadership with regional trans-
growing the commercial sector through careful downtown redevel- portation issues and the board’s efforts to increase our commercial occupation: Entertainment industry
opment, appropriate commercial development north of Homestead tax base. Current economic realities make this perennial issue even age: 53
Road and exploring commercial redevelopment potential at Carr- more complex; my experience will be helpful as we hire a new man-
boro Plaza. ager and navigate this next phase of our development. As Carrboro Group/advisory Board memberships: Chair
grows, I want to help lead it in economically and environmentally of the Transportation Board, Community Design
sustainable directions, while trying to maintain its unique character. Commission, Good Neighbor Plan Advisory
Carrboro Carrboro has wonderful ideals; sometimes their implementation Committee
Why I’m running for office: job creation, lower taxation, represen-
board of alderMen can be costly. I search for creative, fair solutions to our problems. I
also seek equal rights for all of our residents. Please vote Lavelle! tation for greater interests
Four candidates are running for three available seats
on the seven-member board. Matt CzaJkoWski
Chapel hill Mayor (incumbent, four years in office)
Dan ColEMan Three candidates are running for one position. neighborhood: The Oaks
(incumbent, six years in office) occupation: CEO
neighborhood: Fairoaks Mark klEinsChMiDt age: 62
occupation: Database developer (incumbent, two years in office)
Group/advisory Board memberships: Cha-
age: 59 neighborhood: Ironwoods tham/Orange Joint Planning Task Force, Com-
occupation: Attorney and mayor of Chapel Hill munity Design Commission, Council Committee:
Endorsements: Sierra Club, Orange County Affordable Housing, Council Committee: Economic Development,
Democratic Party age: 41
Council Committee: Firefighter’s Fund, Durham/Chapel Hill/Orange
Group/advisory Board memberships: Eco- Endorsements: Sierra Club, Orange County Work Group (Alt), Orange County Solid Waste Advisory Board, Orange
nomic Sustainability Commission, HOME Consortium, Transit Part- Democratic Party County Land Trust Affordable Housing Maintenance Task Force, Sus-
ners, NAACP, Sierra Club I am enormously grateful and very humbled tainable Community Visioning Task Force
Serving as Carrboro alderman is both challenging and deep- by the opportunity Chapel Hill voters gave me two years ago to serve I am running for office to continue advocating for the issues that
ly rewarding. The rewards come from being part of such a dy- as mayor of this great town. The last two years have been eventful as I first raised four years ago and for which I have consistently been
namic, forward-thinking community and engaging with our we prepared to launch the visioning process for Chapel Hill’s future. working since my election. Those issues are: fiscal responsibility,
many energetic, creative and progressive-minded citizens. I look forward to helping lead the comprehensive planning process growing the commercial (particularly retail) tax base, taking a fresh
The challenges come from working with limited resources to and implementing the new plan in the coming years. look at how we manage growth and addressing the issues downtown.
make our small town a leader in so many respects and to sus-
tain Carrboro as a fantastic place to live for our residents.
Among my priorities for the coming term are: strengthening Car-
tiM sookraM lanEy DalE
rboro’s tax base by encouraging commercial development and foster- neighborhood: University Mall neighborhood: Estes Hills
ing local entrepreneurship; continuing to lead in alternative energy occupation: Web designer occupation: Entrepreneur
and environmental protection; addressing long-standing social jus-
age: 27 age: 43
tice issues on Rogers Road; addressing problems on the day-labor cor-
ner in a manner that supports the workers while addressing concerns Endorsements: Galactic League of Awesome, Endorsements: Orange County Democratic
of neighboring residents; continuing to connect our neighborhoods Knighthood of Buh Party
with greenways, sidewalks and bike paths; working to bring a free- Chapel Hill’s government is goofy. I’m tired
Group/advisory Board memberships: Parks
standing public library to Carrboro; and hiring a top-notch town of basic necessities like sidewalks, crosswalks
& Recreation Commission, Friends of Chapel Hill
manager. and bike lanes being neglected while the mayor and council focus on
Parks & Recreation and Greenways
making more things illegal. Signs for businesses are basically illegal,
I am running for office because I believe that we need leaders that
so owners park their catering or delivery trucks out on the street. The
Braxton FoushEE town is desperately under budget, and they’re wasting money hiring
understand that we must invest in economic development to fund
neighborhood: Williams Street our future. We need leaders that work for smart growth that includes
more people to enforce laws that don’t make any sense. I want to run
controlling growth and building the infrastructures necessary to sup-
occupation: Retired from UNC Hospitals (senior a sensible, efficient government that will actually take a look at what’s
port that growth. We need leaders with a vision for the future. If
dialysis technician); currently employed at Cul- on the books rather than banning everything like an HOA.
elected, I will work to fix our broken SUP process, increase our busi-
breth Middle School The current mayor has been in local government for over 10 years.
ness tax base and build a council that leads, not manages.
He’s brought us insular, sprawling communities like Meadowmont
age: 71 years young and Southern Village, and the $500,000 condos in Greenbridge. We
Endorsements: Anderson-Thorpe-Chapman need affordable housing, not environmental showmanship. We’d be Jon DEhart
Breakfast Club, Orange County Democratic greener if we focused on bus service, walkability, bike lanes, parking neighborhood: Larkspur
Party, Uptown Ventures garages and eliminating sprawl. Vote for Tim.
occupation: Manager Residential Home Lending
Groups/advisory Boards: NAACP (life member), N.C. Association of
Educators, Sertoma International, Boy Scouts of America Troop 411 at kEvin WolFF age: 44
Union Baptist Church (assistant scoutmaster), Chapel Hill High/Lincoln Did not submit a profile Endorsements: Orange County Democratic
High Hall of Fame Committee, ACLU Party
I am seeking election to the Carrboro Board of Aldermen because
I want to be of service to the citizens of this town and provide them Chapel hill Group/advisory Board memberships: Chapel
Hill Transportation Board, graduate of the inau-
with an avenue by which all of their voices can be heard. My plat-
form issues demonstrate my concern for the residents, the environ-
Town CounCil gural Chapel Hill Citizens Police Academy
Like you, Jon DeHart loves Chapel Hill. It is one of the best small
ment and social justice. Past service as a Carrboro alderman, an N.C. Nine candidates are running for four available seats towns in the nation, and Jon wants to see it continue to thrive and
League of Cities Board of Directors member and an OWASA Board on the nine-member board. grow. To thrive and grow, he believes, Chapel Hill must be a place
of Directors member has allowed me to learn not only about the in- where hard-working families can buy a home, raise their kids and
ner workings of local government, but also about human relations,
budgeting and contract preparation. I would be honored to have an Jason BakEr start a business.
While others throw around labels like pro-business, pro-develop-
opportunity to serve Carrboro again. My hope is that the “old” and neighborhood: Shady Lawn Road ment and pro-environment, Jon only knows one thing – he is pro-
the “new” voices of Carrboro will be heard and make Carrboro the occupation: Graduate student; part-time mar- Chapel Hill. As a member of town council, he will represent all Cha-
best community in Orange County. keting professional pel Hill’s people with courtesy, openness, candor, transparency and
age: 27 fairness. He believes we must have the creativity and will to ensure
MiChEllE Johnson Chapel Hill will be a place where jobs and opportunity are abundant,
Endorsements: Sierra Club, Orange County while at the same time, we are effective and mindful stewards of our
neighborhood: Old Carrboro Democratic Party cherished Piedmont land, air and water.
occupation: Clinical social worker, artist, Group/advisory Board memberships: Chapel
consultant, Dismantling Racism trainer, yoga
instructor
Hill Planning Board Carl sChulEr
My top priorities as a council member will be (1) encouraging
age: 36 sustainable growth and development that is in keeping with our en- neighborhood: Vineyard Square
Endorsements: Sierra Club, Orange County vironmental values and responsive to neighborhood concerns; (2) occupation: Registered nurse
Democratic Party championing local economic development to increase the commer- age: 43
cial tax base by supporting locally owned businesses and helping new
Group/advisory Board memberships: Board of Directors for Stone businesses to locate and grow here; (3) working to keep Chapel Hill Group/advisory Board memberships: IFC
Circles in Mebane, Clinical Social Work Society, lead trainer for Dis- accessible, welcoming and diverse. Good Neighbor Advisory Plan Committee, Vine-
mantling Racism Works I am a pragmatist with strong progressive values. I will bring a yard Square Homeowners’ Association president;
I am running for a seat on the Carrboro BOA because I value new perspective and new energy to the council, but also bring years Since moving to North Carolina in 1991, I
the diversity of the current board and I will bring diversity not only of experience tackling local issues. I believe that sustainability is more have spent 11 of those 20 years in Chapel Hill and returned to Cha-
because I am a woman of color, but because I am a practicing art- than just a buzzword and should be the guiding principle underlying pel Hill as a homeowner in 2004. My interest in the local communi-
ist, yoga instructor, clinical social worker, anti-racist activist and lo- every decision that the council makes. To that end, I have demon- ty is a natural extension of my involvement with my neighborhood’s
cal business owner. I will be the first alderman whose professional strated leadership in all three pillars of environmental, economic and homeowner association.
background directly connects town government to both health care social issues within our community. And perhaps most important, I Several issues face the Town of Chapel Hill and its citizens – in-
and healthy living. I’m a strong facilitator, and as the board discusses am an open-minded listener who values public participation. cluding town growth, development and economic activities. Addi-
growth and development I will lead us toward action and a collabora- tionally, I have interest in building community and would like to
tive process with citizens, local business owners, developers and the expand upon affordable housing initiatives. My support for the local
town. I will preserve the character of our community, sustain our art scene is steadfast.
value of environmental consciousness and action and I will make sure If elected, I would continue to support the town council’s imme-
Carrboro stays true to its values of diversity so that our community is diate goals by providing resources in an efficient manner and strive
safe and accessible to all residents. for accessible, open and transparent local government.
Further details about my campaign may be found online at
carlschulerforcouncil2011.info
The Carrboro CiTizen Thursday, oCTober 20, 2011 9
VOTER GUIDE
our children while being fiscally responsible. As the parent of a child
Lee Storrow with mental retardation and autism, one who just finished medical ANNettA StreAter
Neighborhood: Colonial Heights school and one in the middle, I respect and advocate for all of our (incumbent, five years in office)
occupation: Managing director of the N.C. Alli- children and their families. Improving classroom instruction, while occupation: Dental home coordinator, Pied-
ance for Health, a coalition of nonprofits focused not overwhelming our teachers, and providing quality interventions mont Health Services
on tobacco and obesity prevention when a student needs help – especially to read well – would be a Age: 47
focus if reelected. I support our current district priorities of improv-
Age: 22 ing literacy instruction, developing a comprehensive plan for world- endorsements: Hank Anderson Breakfast Club,
endorsements: Sierra Club, Orange County language instruction including dual language, preparing for the new Orange County Democratic Party
Democratic Party common core curriculum, creating a successful transition with Dr. Group/Advisory Board memberships: N.C.
Forcella and improving technology. I care deeply about children and Public Health Association Spring Conference Planning Commit-
Group/Advisory Board memberships: Outreach Committee for the
their education. tee, Volunteer and health committee member for Project Connect,
Comprehensive Plan
Chapel Hill is a great community, but one that faces challenges president of Board of Directors for EmPOWERment Inc., candidate
in the coming years. I want to bring my fresh perspective and experi-
BriAN Bower interviewer for N.C. Teaching Fellows, Community Leadership Collab-
ence bringing diverse stakeholders together to town council so we occupation: Student/research assistant/mad orative school board representative, N.C. School Boards Association
can tackle these challenges as a community. We need to make invest- scientist delegate to the Federal Relations Network Conference, Community
ments in public transit to ensure we remain a sustainable community Action Committee for the Success of All Students school board
Age: 28.7 representative, Child Nutrition Committee school board representative,
and town council must make a strong and lasting commitment to
affordable housing so Chapel Hill retains the diversity that makes it Children in the school system: No Health Schools Council school board representative, school board liai-
great. For town council to continue providing these services, we need My campaign is a stunt that has been under- son to Rashkis Elementary, Culbreth Middle and Scroggs Elementary
to increase our economic tax base. I want to see the development pro- taken as one component of a larger scheme to schools, First Baptist Church
cess streamlined so new businesses are able to move into the empty show that I am considered a resident of North Children in the district: Yes, one attending East Chapel Hill High and
storefronts on Franklin Street. Streamlining improves outcomes for Carolina and of Orange County by relevant au- one attending Frank Porter Graham Elementary
both business and neighborhoods. It makes the process easier to navi- thorities in an attempt to compel the University of North Carolina My greatest concern is and will be the academic achievement and
gate and ensures that decisions are made in a timely manner and we at Chapel Hill’s graduate school to reach the same conclusion and to welfare of all students. We must continue to develop our children so
don’t see projects held up for years. therefore grant my repeated request for classification as an in-state they can be active participants and contributors to our society. While
student for tuition purposes. As my campaign is a stunt, I have cho- we have challenges such as a persistent minority-student achievement
Jim wArd sen not to campaign actively, lest my interference somehow influence gap and limited financial resources, I am still encouraged that the
(incumbent, 12 years in office) the legitimate campaigns in the school board race. board can establish policies and direction that provide teachers and
staff with quality training and development, that provide opportuni-
Neighborhood: Ironwoods miA BurrouGhS ties for all children to learn and achieve at high levels and that allow
occupation: Associate director for horticulture, (incumbent, four years in office) the district to be good stewards of its resources. I will continue to
N.C. Botanical Garden occupation: Grant writer bring to the board an outlook and approach that draws upon my
Age: 62 Age: 49 educational and work experiences with diverse populations. You can
count on me to be the voice of those whose voices are not heard as the
endorsements: Sierra Club, Orange County endorsements: Orange County Democratic board faces some of its greatest challenges.
Democratic Party Party
Group/Advisory Board memberships: CH Transit Partners Advisory Group/Advisory Board memberships: League
Board chair, Bike and Pedestrian Advisory Board council liaison, CH of Women Voters, East Chapel Hill PTA, Chapel
Library Board of Trustees council liaison, Sustainability Committee Hill-Carrboro YMCA, school board liaison to Frank Porter Graham
council liaison, Council Committee for Sustainability, Energy, and Elementary, Morris Grove Elementary, Carrboro High School and
Environment chair, Council Committee for OWASA Interview (& Com-
munications) chair, Council Committee for Conservation Easements in
Communities in Schools of Orange County ballot referendum–
Children in the school system: Yes, one attended Seawell, Smith and
Open Spaces chair, Council Committee for Economic Development, graduated from East Chapel Hill High; another is a current sophomore one-quarter-Cent
Council Committee for Facilities Naming, Council Committee for Public
Art Review for CH Public Library, Orange County Visitors Bureau
at East
I ran in 2007 because the school system had been good to my
County SaleS and
Board of Directors, Orange County Solid Waste Advisory Board, Or- family and I wanted to give back. While our experience has been uSe tax
ange County Intergovernmental Parks Work Group, Orange County Air positive, I am aware from my work for youth-serving agencies and
Quality Advisory Committee, Mayor’s Committee on Campaign Public my board service that some students are not as lucky. The district what is it?: The N.C. General Assembly has granted
Financing, International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives has many wonderful policies and programs, but they are not imple- county government the authority to levy, subject to voter ap-
(ICLEI) mented evenly. Some students fall on the wrong side of the “imple- proval, an additional one-quarter-cent county sales and use
On a personal level, it is very rewarding and thoroughly enjoyable mentation gap.” I am running again to continue the work of making tax. County officials have estimated that the tax could raise
to serve the citizens of Chapel Hill as a member of the town council. a very good district become excellent for ALL our students. While $2.5 million annually.
I’m confident my 12 years of service provide a valuable perspec- there are many talented teachers in our district, no one is exempt what it would apply to: The tax would apply to most
tive as the town faces the major challenges of tomorrow. I value and from the possibility of improvement. Our new superintendent, Dr. goods and services, but would not apply to consumer
respect the importance our community places on an open and in- Tom Forcella, has good ideas about how to ensure that every student groceries and most prescription medications.
clusive process, and remain committed to strengthening it. At the has excellent instruction in their classroom every day. I hope to be
same time, I embrace our current efforts to streamline the Develop- reelected to help that vision become reality. how the money would be used: Fifty percent to econom-
ment Review Process without diminishing the rigorous review of all ic-development efforts, defined as funding infrastructure
projects. KriS CASteLLANo improvements needed to recruit new businesses and
I will continue to be a passionate advocate for actions that move expand existing businesses; funding for business loans
Chapel Hill towards greater sustainability, with a focus on affordable/ occupation: Physical therapist and grants to grow businesses in Orange County; targeted
work-force housing, working with the university and private sector Age: 42 business recruitment, retention and expansion efforts; and
on strategies that increase local job opportunities and the commer- community branding and marketing; and 50 percent to the
Group/Advisory Board memberships: McDou- county’s two school systems for the dedicated purpose of
cial tax base, and safeguard the quality and quantity of our drinking gle Middle School SIT, Chapel Hill High School
water and other natural resources. facility improvements at older schools and the procurement
SIT, District Committees for Dual Language, of technology
District Committee for SGC Review, McDougle
Chapel hill-Carrboro Middle PTA, Chapel Hill High PTA more information: orangecountync.gov/salestax
City SChoolS board of Children in the school system: Yes, one at Chapel Hill High and two
at McDougle Middle
eduCation I have been actively involved in our schools for 10 years, beginning
as a classroom volunteer. I am entering my eighth year as an elected
Eight candidates are running for four four-year-term SIT member, four of those as chair, encompassing three different
seats and one two-year unexpired-term seat on the schools. This has allowed me to earn opportunities to serve on various
seven-member board. district committees and have dialogue with our administrators and
board of education and gain a deeper understanding of a variety of
JAmeS BArrett important education focus topics and concerns in our district. My
career as a physical therapist requires effective communication and
occupation: Software engineering manager competency in a variety of areas, a skill needed to be an effective
Age: 41 board member. These years of experience qualify me to contribute to early Voting
endorsements: Orange County Democratic our diverse school community. I will work to improve accountabil-
ity, professional development and communication. I am an advocate Locations, dates and hours for early voting:
Party
for all children and will strive to ensure each student’s growth, both orange County Board of elections –
Group/Advisory Board memberships: Orange academically and socially, is accounted for in district decisions. 208 S. Cameron St., hillsborough
County Justice United strategy and education
• Thursday and Friday, Oct. 20-21 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
action teams, Holy Trinity Lutheran Church rAymoNd CoNrAd • Monday through Friday, Oct. 24-28 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Children in the school system: Yes, at Seawell Elementary and Did not submit a profile
• Saturday, Oct. 29 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
Smith Middle schools • Monday through Friday, Oct. 31-Nov. 4 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
I’m running because of the opportunity, with our first new super- miKe KeLLey • Saturday, Nov. 5 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
intendent in 19 years, to bring real change to our district. My unique (incumbent, eight years in office)
background among the candidates as a child of these schools (I at- occupation: Physician scientist
tended Seawell, Phillips and CH High) gives me the ability and un- Carrboro town hall –
derstanding to direct that change in line with longstanding “Chapel Age: 51 301 w. main St., Carrboro
Hill values,” while my experience in Justice United makes it clear we endorsements: Orange County Democratic • Thursday and Friday, Oct. 20-21 from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
must change to reach our goals. Party • Monday through Friday, Oct. 24-28 from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
I will accomplish real progress on closing the minority-student • Saturday, Oct. 29 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
Group/Advisory Board memberships: N.C. • Monday through Friday, Oct. 31-Nov. 4 from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
achievement gaps, ensure every student makes measurable growth School Board Association Legislative Commit-
annually and improve our district culture so all stakeholders feel in- • Saturday, Nov. 5 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
tee, school board liaison to the Curriculum Advisory Committee, Drug
volved and a part of our schools, from the budget process through Abuse Task Force, Health Advisory Committee, Technical Advisory
curriculum to the excellent instruction that every student should re- Committee, Head Start Policy Council, Special Needs Advisory Com- university Square, Suite 133-G (back of building) –
ceive. mittee, Sustainability Committee, Gifted Programs Advisory Council, 123 w. franklin St., Chapel hill
We need leaders on the board who are willing to listen to the com- Elementary #11 Design Committee and School Improvement Teams at • Thursday and Friday, Oct. 20-21 from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
munity, respect teachers and hold the administration accountable for multiple schools • Monday through Friday, Oct. 24-28 from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
great results for every student. • Saturday, Oct. 29 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
Children in the school system: Yes, one at East Chapel Hill High
• Monday through Friday, Oct. 31-Nov. 4 from 9 a.m. to 4
JAmezettA Bedford and three other children have completed their CHCCS schooling
p.m.
(incumbent, eight years in office) My goal is to help lead the school district to maximize the educa-
tional growth of each child. For the first time in nearly two decades, • Saturday, Nov. 5 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
occupation: CPA in tax and audit practice with our district has a new superintendent, which presents an opportunity
a local firm to systematically review our district through the eyes of a new edu- Seymour Senior Center –
Age: 53 cational leader and institute changes that will bring us closer to our 2551 homestead road, Chapel hill
goals. Our district is a high-achieving district, but we need to en- • Thursday and Friday, Oct. 20-21 from noon to 7 p.m.
endorsements: Orange County Democratic • Monday through Friday, Oct. 24-28 from noon to 7 p.m.
Party sure each child is growing as much as possible. I support high-quality
instruction and sufficient instructional time for students who are • Saturday, Oct. 29 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
Group/Advisory Board memberships: Various behind. Providing diverse learning opportunities is also important. • Monday through Friday, Oct. 31-Nov. 4 from noon to 7 p.m.
board committees The budget is expected to continue to be constrained, which requires • Saturday, Nov. 5 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
Children in the school system: Yes, three children (graduated) at- careful analysis of effectiveness of programs as well as continued
tended Ephesus, Phillips, McDougle Middle and East Chapel Hill High advocacy for needed funding. Leadership will be needed to guide For more information, visit www.co.orange.nc.us/elect
I am running for another term to assist with the successful tran- alignment of our curriculum with Common Core. I support safe,
sition of our new superintendent and to continue the work to im- nurturing and environmentally conscientious school environments.
prove the academic, social and emotional education and growth of