Questions on Endocrine
I –Mention
- Clinical manifestations of Hypothyroidism
- Clinical manifestations of Hyperthyroidism
II -True or false
Hypothyroidism from thyroid gland malfunction ,low TH levels are accompanied by high TSH and high TRH
Hypothyroidism caused by hypothalamic malfunction results in low TH, low TSH, and low TRH.
Hypothyroidism results from pituitary malfunction, results in low TH ,low TSH and high TRH from the hypothalamus
If the cause of adrenal insufficiency is secondary to a pituitary dysfunction, low glucocorticoids will be accompanied
by low ACTH and high CRH.
If adrenal insufficiency is caused by a hypothalamus malfunction, the glucocorticoids, ACTH, and CRH will be low.
Aldosterone deficiency leads to increased loss of sodium in the urine, resulting in hyponatremia.
ACTH having melanin-stimulating hormone like effects on the skin
Growth hormone deficiency is characterized by proportional short stature
III -Fill spaces
- Endemic goiter is hypothyroidism caused by a dietary deficiency of ------
- enlargement of the thyroid gland is called-----------------.
- Growth hormone excess may lead to----------------------and------------------
- Gonadotropin deficiency is a decrease in circulating levels of ---------
IV – MCQ
*Clinical manifestations of Hypothyroidism includes
a- Decreased heart rate, enlarged heart (myxedemic heart), and decreased cardiac output.
b- Edema of the skin, especially under the eyes and in the ankles(myxedema)
c- Intolerance to cold temperatures.
d- Decreased metabolic rate, decreased caloric requirements, decreased appetite and nutrient absorption across the
gut.
e- onstipation.
*Clinical manifestations of Hypothyroidism
a- Increased heart rate.
b- Increased muscle tone, tremors, irritability
c- Increased basal metabolic rate and heat production, intolerance to heat, excess sweating.
d- Weight loss, increased hunger.
e- A staring appearance.
f- Exophthalmos (bulging of the eyes) may develop.
g- Increased number of bowel movements.
*Primary adrenal insufficiency is characterized by
a- low levels of glucocorticoids b-high ACTH c- high CRH d- all
Addison's disease is characterized by*
a- low glucocorticoid levels b-high ACTH c-high CRH. D- all
* Aldosterone deficiency leads to
a-hyponatremia b-dehydration c- hypotension d- hyperkalemia e- all
* Cushing's syndrome Manifestations
a- buffalo hump b- moon face c- Hypertension d- all
* Gonadotropin deficiency is manifested by
a- Amenorrhea b-vaginal, uterine, and breast atrophy in women.
c- Testicular atrophy and reduction in beard growth in men d all
* Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) is characterized by
a-increased release of ADH from the posterior pituitary
b- Water retention and weight gain. c- Decreased urinary output. d- degree of water intoxication. e- all
*Clinical Manifestation of Diabetis insipidus includes
a- Large volumes of dilute urine. b- Polydipsia (excessive thirst).
c- increased plasma osmolality d- hypernatremia e- all