HIV/AIDS
With NetLogo, AgentSheets, and
Stella
Red Blood Cells
• Use Hemoglobin to
carry oxygen.
• 5.2x106 per cubic
millimeter of blood
• Carry 300% more
oxygen than plasma
• Carries CO2 and waste
away from tissue.
White Blood cells
• Types of WBCs
– Neutrophils
– Eosinophils
– Basophiles
– Monocytes
– Helper T cells
– Cytotoxic T cells
– Memory T cells
– Suppressor T cells
HIV/AIDS
• Human Immunodeficiency
Virus
• Advanced Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
• Transferred through direct
bodily contact
• Attacks Helper T-cells
• Can only be transferred
through unprotected
intercourse and the sharing of
needles
Anatomy of the HIV Virus
• Gp120 Envelope
Protein
• Gp41 Envelope
Protein
• P17 matrix protein
• P24 Capsule Protein
• Reverse Transcriptase
• The Lipid Membrane
Image from www.howstuffworks.com
Virus travels through HIV attacks t-cells
Bloodstream
Killer t-cells destroy affected
cells
AIDS virus attaches to a CD4 Transcription
receptor
Reverse Transcription
Proteins cut and Possible Infections
packaged with RNA
Budding new
viruses
Stopping The Virus
And now, Shodor Scholars Program
presents…
Modeling of HIV and Hepatitis B using
NetLogo, AgentSheets, and STELLA
Quic kT ime™ and a T IF F (Unc om pres sed) dec ompres sor are needed t o s ee t hi pi t ure.
s c
Hepatitis B
Effects in the Bloodstream
and in a Community
Qu i ckTi m e™ a nd a TIFF (Un co mp re ss e d) de co mp res so r a re ne e de d to s ee th i s pi c ture.
Transmission
• Unprotected
intercourse
• Sharing needles
• Children of infected
parents
Risk Groups
• Promiscuity
• House hold contacts with an infected
person
• Children born to infected mothers
Prevention
• Hepatitis B vaccine
• Safe Intercourse
• Personal evaluation
of the disease
• Hospital testing
Symptoms
• Jaundice
• Fatigue
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Joint pain
Developing Chronic Hepatitis
vaccination
• 90% of infants
affected at birth
• 30% of children
affected at age 1-5 QuickTime™ an d a TIFF (Uncomp resse d) decompressor are neede d to see this picture.
• 6% of person
affected at 5
• Altogether 15-25%
of infected persons
Trends and Statistics
• Number of infections
per year declined
since 1980
• Highest rate runs
from 20-49%
• 30% of infected
people don’t show
symptoms
Trends and Statistics
• The greatest decline
occurs in children and
adolescents
• Effective vaccines
available since 1982
QuickT ime™ and a T IF F (Uncom pressed) decompressor are needed t o see t his pic t ure.
• Hepatitis is 100x easier
to catch than HIV
(AIDS)
Conclusions
– As the virus spread, the immune system is
weakened.
Conclusions
In the two-disease model, the second disease
progresses faster.
The earlier one begins risky behavior, the more
drastic the deaths in community.
Conclusions
• Increased deaths also results in increase in
risky behavior.
• The same conclusions arise from global and
local model.
Conclusions
– While not necessarily an acceptable societal
choice, the models show that higher mortality
could lead to lower diseased population