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Chapters 27 A Class Notes BSC 2086 Fall 2010
The male’s reproductive role is to manufacture male gametes called _______________. The female’s
initial reproductive role is to produce female gametes called ______________ or _______________.
As a result of appropriately timed intercourse, a sperm and egg may fuse to form a
________________________. This is the __________ cell of a new ________________________, from
which all body cells will arise. Once fertilization has occurred, the _______________________________
provides the protective environment in which the ______________________ develops until birth.
Primary sex organs called _______________ are the _________________ in males and
_________________ in females whose functions include _________________________________ and
________________________________ which are ____________________ in males, and
______________________ and ______________________________ in females. Accessory reproductive
organs include (name 3):
Sex hormones play roles in which 3 things?
Testes within the _________________ produce ________________ that are delivered to the exterior
through a system of ducts (name 4):
Please name 3 Accessory sex Glands and describe their function:
Please Label the Figure on the next page:
Why is the temperature of the scrotum 3 degrees lower than body core temperature?
What is the scrotum’s response to cold?
Each Teste is surrounded by two tunics the _________________________________ and the
_______________________________. Septa extending from the tunica ___________________divide
the Testis into _________________ _____________________ and each Lobule contains 1–4
_________________________________________ that are the site of __________________ production.
Immature Sperm are conveyed through seminiferous tubule to the ______________________, where
sperm _________________ and are stored until ___________________________.
Every day the Testes makes about _______________________________ sperm. Unused sperm are
_____________________by _________________________cells of the Epididymis.
The Spermatic cord encloses which 3 things?
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Interstitial cells called ____________________ cells outside the seminiferous tubules produce male sex
hormones called ______________________.
The penis is the male _______________________ organ. The penis consists of a _______________ and
_______________ that ends in the _______________________ (tip). The penis has a
__________________ or foreskin that is a cuff of loose skin covering the glans.
_______________________ is the surgical removal of the foreskin and about ______________of
newborn boys in the U.S. are circumcised.
What are the 2 types of erectile tissue of the penis?
Erection occurs when erectile tissue fills with ______________, causing the penis to enlarge and become
________________.
Please name 4 parts of the male duct system:
(Slide # 27) _________________________ is cutting and ligating the ductus deferens within the scrotal
sac, which is a nearly _________________ effective form of birth control, but it is reversible in only
____________of cases.
What can the Uretha convey, and what are its 2 regions?
What produces fluid that makes up 70% of semen?
What 3 things are contained in prostate fluid and what is a prostate fluid function?
The ____________________ tends to enlarge in elderly men, which makes ______________ difficult,
and may be linked to prostate __________________, the ____________________ most common cause of
cancer death in males. Increased ______________ levels in blood indicate hyperplasia, or cancer of the
prostate.
What are 2 functions of the Bulbourethral or Cowper’s Glands?
__________________ is a mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions that contains nutrients
(fructose), protects and activates ________________, and facilitates its ________________.
__________________________ in semen decrease the viscosity of mucus in the cervix and stimulate
_____________________________________ in the uterus to carry sperm upwards.
__________________________ in semen destroy certain bacteria.
About ____________________ of semen are ejaculated, containing
______________________________sperm per ml.
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Erection occurs when _____________________________ reflex promotes release of
__________________________, which causes erectile tissue to fill with blood
________________________ is the inability to attain erection.
_________________________ causes the propulsion of semen from the male duct system, when
_________________________ spinal reflex causes the ducts and accessory glands to contract and empty
their contents, as ____________________________ muscles undergo a rapid series of contractions.
___________________________ is a sequence of events that produces sperm in the
___________________________________ of the testes.
Most body cells are diploid (2n) and contain _____________________ of chromosomes, with _________
chromosomes in each set. ______ set of chromosomes is from the mother and ___________ set is from
the father. Body cells have 23 pairs of _____________________ chromosomes, or two sets of
chromosomes to make a total of _______ chromosomes.
Gametes are _______________ (n) and contain ______________ set of 23 different chromosomes and
________ homologous pairs.
Gamete formation involves ______________________, with nuclear division in the gonads where the
number of chromosomes is halved from __________ to _____________________. Gamete formation has
_______ ______________________ cell divisions, ________________ and ___________________
that follow ______________ round of DNA replication. This produces __________
_________________ daughter cells, and also introduces ___________________ variation.
(Slide # 48) _______________________________occurs in the Seminiferous Tubule of the Testes.
Stem cells called _____________________ divide by Mitosis to form __________________________
(Type A) and/or ________________________ (Type B, during puberty). Spermatocytes undergo
Meiosis to form _____ ___________________ Spermatids. Spermiogenesis occurs when
____________________ mature to become _________________.
Please Label the Figure on Page 5:
When Spermatogonia undergo __________________, Type A daughter cells become
__________________________ at the basal lamina, while Type B daughter cells move toward the lumen
and develop into ________________________________.
(Slide # 53) Meiosis turns __________________________ into ______________________________.
Please Label the second Figure on Page 6:
Please describe the 3 major regions of Sperm:
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Please Label the Figure on page 7 (Slide # 57):
What is another name for Sertoli cells?
(Slide # 58) What are 4 roles of Sustenacular Cells?
Tight junctions divide the tubule into two compartments, the __________________ compartment that
contains ________________________ and _______________________, and the ___________________
compartment that contains _________________________ active cells near the tubule lumen.
Tight junctions form a _______________________ barrier that prevents
_______________________________ from escaping into the blood where they would activate the
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_____________________ system. Because sperm are not formed until puberty, they are absent during
immune system development, and would not be recognized as _______________.
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