Monitoring the MDGs in Thailand

Monitoring the MDGs in Thailand Kaspar Richter (EASPR) 7 May 2004 Poverty Monitoring Systems In the Context of PRS Prem Learning Week Provincial Poverty Map of East Asia and Pacific Percentage of population living below PPP$2/day in 2002 80 60 40 20 1. MDG within reach 2. Target Halve the proportion of people living in extreme poverty between 1990-2015 Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger between 19902015 Ensure that by 2015, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015 Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate. Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Scorecard Already achieved Already achieved Remarks Poverty incidence reduced from 27.2% in 1990 to 9.8% in 2002. Proportion of population under food poverty line dropped from 6.9% to 2.2% during 1990-2002, and the prevalence of underweight children under five dropped from 18.6% to 8.5% during 1990-2000. Gross enrolment ratio and the retention rate indicate that it is likely that Thailand will achieve universal primary education well ahead of 2015. Thai girls and boys have had equal education opportunity. There is a small gender gap at primary level. Girls are outnumbering boys in higher education . Trend data not available, but rate approaching OECD country levels. MMR dropped by two-thirds during 1990-2000. The increase since 2000 is a result of the expansion of coverage and technical change in data collection. The target is also considered unrealistic and is replaced by the MMR of high-income OECD in 2000. Yearly new infections have dropped y 83% since 1991, but HIV continues to spread among some groups, and young people continue to be vulnerable. Achieved for malaria. The disease is an area-specific problem, and has been effectively managed. Potentially for tuberculosis, due to HIV/AIDS coinfection. Unlikely for heart disease, due to unhealthy consumption and life style. Principles of sustainable development, partnership and public participation have been integrated into country policies and programs. But reversing the losses of environmental resources is still Thailand’s greatest challenge. A small shortfall in safe drinking water in the urban area is acceptable, considering that it is very close to universal access. Most Thai people, including slum dwellers, have secure tenure. Various measures have been implemented and more are underway to improve the slum livelihood. 3. Highly likely 4. Already achieved 5. No data 6. Potentially 7. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS Already achieved 8. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria, tuberculosis, and other major diseases Already achieved for malaria; Potentially for TB. Potentially 9. Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the losses of environmental resources 10. Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation 11. By 2020 to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of slum dwellers Already achieved Likely Thailand MDG-Plus • Building on national goals • Developed and agreed on through consultative process among line ministries, NESDB, NSO, academic institutions and civil society organizations • Three dimensions: • Quality • Scope • Coverage MDG-Plus Targets and Indicators Goal Target Halve the proportion of people living in extreme poverty between 1990-2015 Poverty MDG+ Reduce poverty to less than 4% by 2009. • • Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger between 1990-2015 Hunger MDG+ • • • • • Ensure that by 2015, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling Universal lower secondary education by 2006. MDG+ Universal upper secondary education by 2015. • • • • • • • • • • Indicator Proportion of population below national poverty line Poverty gap ratio Share of poorest quintile in individual household income Poverty incidence in the Northeast and three Southernmost provinces Poverty severity Prevalence of underweight children (under five years of age) proportion of population below food poverty line prevalence of underweight highland children Prevalence of micro-nutrient deficiency (iodine, iron, vitamin A) among school-aged children Proportion of population aged over 20 below minimum level of dietary energy consumption Net and gross enrolment ratio in primary education Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 6 (retention rate) Literacy rate of 15-years old Net and gross enrolment ratio in lower and upper secondary education Retention rate in lower and upper secondary education National test scores of primary, lower and upper secondary students IT literacy of 15-24 years old Education Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015 • • • • Gender Double the proportion of women in the national parliament, Tambon Administrative Organizations, and executive positions in the civil service by 2006 Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate. (localized to U5MR in highincome OECD in 2000) Reduce IMR to 15 per 1,000 live births by 2006. MDG+ Reduce by half the U5M in highland areas, selected Northern provinces and three Southernmost provinces between 2005-2015. Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio (localized to MMR in highincome OECD in 2000) Reduce MMR to 18 per 100,000 live births by 2006. Reduce by half MMR in highland areas, selected Northern provinces and three Southernmost provinces between 2005-2015. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS Reduce HIV prevalence among reproductive adults to 1% by 2006. • • • • • • • • • MDG+ Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education Ratio of literate women to men of 15-24 years old Share of women in waged employment in nonagricultural sector Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament Ratios of girls to boys in selected fields in tertiary education Ratio of literate women to men over 40 years old Proportion of women’s income in waged employment in non-agricultural sector Proportion of women in Tambon Administrative Organizations and executive positions in the civil service Under-five mortality rate Infant mortality rate Proportion o f 1-year old children immunized against measles IMR in highland areas, Northern provinces and three southernmost provinces U5M in highland areas, selected Northern provinces and three Southernmost provinces Child health • • Maternal mortality ratio Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel Maternal heath MDG+ • MMR in highland areas, northern provinces and three southernmost provinces • • • • • HIV/AIDS MDG+ HIV prevalence among pregnant women Rates of constant condom use of secondary schools male students Number of children orphaned by AIDS HIV prevalence among reproductive adults HIV prevalence among injecting drug users Malaria, tuberculosis and heart disease MDG+ Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases Reduce Malaria incidence in 30 border provinces to less than 1.4 per 1,000 by 2006. Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the losses of environmental resources • • • • • • • • • • Sustainable development MDG+ Increase the share of renewable energy to 8% of the commercial primary energy by 2011. Increase the share of municipal waste recycled to 30% by 2006. Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation • • • • • • Incidence and death rates associated with malaria Prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis Proportion of tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS Malaria incidence in 30 border provinces Prevalence and death rates associated with heart disease Proportion of land area covered by forest Ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity to surface area Energy use per 1,000 Baht of GDP Carbon dioxide emission and consumption of ozonedepleting CFCs Proportion of population using solid fuel (i.e. fuel wood, charcoal) Mangrove forest area Share of renewable energy in commercial primary energy Proportion of major rivers that do not meet DO, BOD and TCB standard Proportion of municipal waste recycled Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source, urban and rural Proportion of urban and rural population with access to improved sanitation Safe drinking water and sanitation MDG+ Secure tenure MDG+ By 2020 to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of slum dwellers • Proportion of households with access to secure tenure (owned or rented) MDG data rating scale Data quality, reliability 1 2 3 Data are not available. Data are available, but are not reliable. Data are largely available and reliable. But there may be some data gaps; some population groups may be systematically excluded. Or there may be inconsistency, confusion regarding definition, data collection and verification method. Most data are available and reliable at national level, but not so at sub-national level. Data are available, reliable and comprehensive. Data collection and verification are clear and consistent. 4 5 Data continuity 1 2 3 4 5 Trend data are not available. Trend data are available, with long intervals. Trend data are available, but are based on different sources/methodologies that make it difficult to do trend analysis. Trend data are largely available, with reasonable intervals. But data gathering may be difficult and cumbersome, especially at sub-national level. Trend data are readily available at national and sub-national levels. Data analysis and use in policy-making 1 2 3 4 Data are not or only minimally analyzed. Data are regularly analyzed, but are not presented/discussed at policy process. Data are regularly analyzed, presented/discussed at policy process, but play limited role in shaping policy/decision-making. Data are regularly analyzed, presented/discussed at policy process, and play important role in shaping policy/decision-making, but there are some gaps/mismatch in the linkage. Data are regularly analyzed to provide comprehensive situation and trend analysis as well as policy options. Data are presented/discussed at policy process, and play important role in shaping policy/decision-making. 5 MDG-Plus Timeline MDG-R: Participation MDGs Cluster Champions 1. Mr. Kitisak Sinthuvanich, Senior Advisor, NESDB 2. Dr. Chuachan Chongsatityoo, Ministry of Education 3. Prof. Dr. Pensri Phijaisanit, Women's Health Advocacy Foundation 4. Dr. Viput Phoolcharoen, Director, Ministry of Public Health 5. Mr. Chalermsak Wanichsombat, Ministry of Environment Government agencies: 6. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7. Ministry of Social Development and Human Security 8. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative 9. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 10. Ministry of Energy 11. Ministry of Interior 12. Ministry of Justice 13. Ministry of Labour 14. Ministry of Educations 15. Ministry of Public Health 16. Ministry of Industry 17. Office of the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand 18. National Electronics and Computer Technology Centre 19. Ministry of Information and Communication Technology 20. The Bureau of the Budget 21. Office of the Civil Service Commission 22. The National Economic and Social Development Board 23. The Bureau of the Crown Property 24. Office of the Permanent Secretary, The Prime Minister’s Office 25. The National Statistics Office Related agencies: 26. Bangkok Metropolitan Administration 27. Metropolitan Waterworks Authority 28. Provincial Waterworks Authority 29. Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives 30. Government Savings Bank 31. The Charoen Pokphand Group (CPG) 32. Chulalongkorn Demonstration School 33. Initiatives of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Universities: 34. Chulalongkorn University 35. Chiang Mai University 36. Thammasat University 37. Naresuan University 38. Mahidol University 39. Srinakharinwirot University 40. Prince of Songkla University 41. Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University 42. Assumption University 43. National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA) NGOs, Foundations and Individual Research institutes: 44. House of Parliament Club 45. Foundation for Women 46. Labour and Career Development Foundation 47. Friends of Women Foundation 48. Women's Health Advocacy Foundation 49. The Lion Foundation 50. The Community Organizations Development Institute (CODI) 51. Gender and Development Research Institute 52. Thailand Development Research Institute: (TDRI) 53. Thailand Environment Institute (TEI) 54. The National Council of Women of Thailand 55. Population & Community Development Association (PDA) 56. Association for the Promotion of the Status of Women International Organizations: 57. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 58. International Labour Organization (ILO) 59. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 60. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 61. United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) 62. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 63. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific 64. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 65. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 66. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 67. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) 68. United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) 69. Universal Postal Union (UPU) 70. World Health Organisation (WHO) 71. The World Bank Relevant expertise and individual academic 72. Assoc. Lert Chuntanaparb Thailand MDG-R: Output • • • • • • The Thailand MDG Report MDG source book --- detailed information and the database for future reference People’s MDG Report --- for public dissemination Thailand MDG website --- containing the latest information Thematic MDG Report: AIDS in Thailand: Achievements and Challenges --- for presentation at the XV World Conference on HIV/AIDS to be held in Bangkok in July 2004 A Policy Paper on Global Partnership for Development --- as part of Thailand’s contribution to MDG 8 on Partnerships. MDG Monitoring • Strength • Ownership • Participation • MDG-Plus • Data • Move towards result-orientation • Weakness • Analytical capacity • Evaluations • Fragmentation • Capacity outside Bangkok • MDG – low profile THANK YOU !